Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
  • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
  • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
  • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
  • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
  • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
  • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
  • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
  • B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
  • B60L15/025—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using field orientation; Vector control; Direct Torque Control [DTC]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
  • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
  • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
  • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
  • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
  • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
  • B62M6/65—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts with axle and driving shaft arranged coaxially
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
  • B60L2200/12—Bikes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
  • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
  • B60L2220/18—Reluctance machines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
  • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
  • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electrically driven bicycle with at least one electric machine, which has an axle-fixed stator and a rim-fixed rotor, wherein the rotor has a return ring with a plurality of distributed over the circumference arranged permanent magnet.
• the invention relates to a method for operating such a two-wheeler.
• Bikes of the type mentioned are known from the prior art.
• electric scooters are operated in the power class up to 4 kW, sometimes up to 1 1 kW, often with gearless wheel hub motors on the rear wheel.
• These motors are usually brushless, electrically commutated motors.
• These have an axle-fixed stator with a generally high number of slots.
• the cooperating with the stator rotor is directly part of the rim or rim fixed and typically has a, arranged on an iron yoke ring of permanent magnets, in particular rare earth magnets in a high number of poles.
• the permanent magnets are usually on the
• Anchor range can be operated usable. As soon as the voltage induced in the stator phases by the rotation of the rotor reaches the maximum available phase voltage from the operating voltage source, the Electric motor off and the torque drops to zero, whereby the maximum possible speed is limited / is.
• the electrically driven bicycle according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the rotor has a pronounced salience.
• a salience is understood to mean a degree of the magnetic fluxes generated by the stator current and the permanent magnets.
• the machine can on the one hand be added a reluctance torque, and on the other hand can be achieved by weakening of the excitation field by means of the stator field higher engine speeds.
• the electrically driven two-wheeled vehicle is designed in such a way that the return ring has pockets on its inner side facing the stator, in each of which a permanent magnet, in particular a ferrite magnet, at least in the
• the permanent magnets are thus not on the inside of the rotor or the return ring, but are embedded in the material of the return ring or buried. Since a pocket is provided for each permanent magnet, the permanent magnets, viewed in the circumferential direction, are arranged at a distance from one another in the return ring. As a result, the salience of the electric machine is achieved in a simple manner, which leads to the advantages mentioned above.
• Permanent magnets at least twice as large as an air gap width between rotor and stator.
• the air gap width is the radial distance between the opposing rotor inner surface and stator outer surface.
• the recessed arrangement of the permanent magnets in the pockets of the return ring, the spaces between adjacent magnets are filled with material of the return ring and preferably magnetically connected thereto. This results in an advantageous salience or nastiness of the magnetic fluxes.
• the stator each facing surface of the permanent magnet is exposed.
• the permanent magnets are thus preferably surrounded or surrounded by the material of the return ring, the surfaces which face the stator, free of the material of the return ring, whereby a radially narrow rotor is provided.
• a web located between two adjacent permanent magnets of the return ring is flush with the stator facing surfaces of the permanent magnets.
• the web is formed by the material of the return ring, as described above. Due to the flush design, a continuous surface is formed on the inside, which in particular has a noise-reducing effect during operation.
• the respective web has a semicircular end.
• the semicircular end or the D-shaped design of the web in the region between adjacent permanent magnets causes a magnetic leakage flux between adjacent permanent magnets is minimized as far as possible.
• the permanent magnets in the pockets are completely surrounded by the material of the return ring.
• the bags are so far formed as a closed pockets that completely absorb the permanent magnets and enclose.
• the permanent magnets are arranged tangentially to the return ring in their longitudinal extent, so that the pockets are formed flat.
• the pockets are formed flat.
• the leakage flux between the adjacent permanent magnets is further reduced. It proves to be particularly advantageous if the respective air pocket is designed in such a way that it forms as narrow as possible a magnetically rapidly saturating transverse web in the return ring material between adjacent covering regions of the return ring, whereby the magnetic leakage flux between adjacent ones
• Permanent magnets is minimized.
• the magnets are arranged tangentially in their longitudinal extent on the return ring or the respective pockets, so that flat pockets and thus a flat return ring are ensured.
• the permanent magnets are spoke-shaped, in particular with an alternating tangential magnetization, arranged in the return ring.
• the permanent magnets expediently have a square or rectangular basic shape, with a low height compared to the basic shape. In this case, they are radially aligned with their longitudinal extent, so that the permanent magnets with their large
• the magnets face each other, while a narrow edge surface faces the stator.
• the pockets of the return ring in this case are radially open on both sides. The radial side surfaces of the permanent magnets are thus exposed, whereby an undesirable in this case inference by the material of the return ring is avoided.
• the spoke-like arrangement of the permanent magnets loses the
• Return ring segments is connected, provided, which is so thin is formed so that it saturates quickly and thus reduces magnetic leakage flux.
• the return ring is preferably interrupted in the region of the permanent magnets, so that it consists of a plurality of, in particular, individual return ring segments lying between adjacent permanent magnets. These can be connected, for example, by a cohesive connection with the permanent magnets.
• adjacent permanent magnets V-shaped, in particular with alternating orientation of adjacent permanent magnet pairs are arranged to each other.
• This arrangement is particularly suitable for use with ferrite magnets.
• the V-shaped orientation differs from a spoke-shaped arrangement in that the permanent magnets are not radially aligned with respect to the axis of rotation but have a greater angle therebetween than the radial orientation.
• this leads to a flux concentration acting radially in the stator direction.
• the V-shaped spreading of the adjacent permanent magnets thereby increases the effective reluctance torque of the electric machine.
• in this case as well in the direction perpendicular to the magnetization direction between
• Permanent magnets and inference material introduced air pockets, whereby magnetic leakage flux between adjacent permanent magnets are minimized.
• the inventive method with the features of claim 10 is characterized in that the electrical machine with an electrical pre-commutation or Nachkommut ist for generating a
• Reluctance torque is controlled.
• the electric machine is preferably pre-commutated electrically or commutated to obtain the additional reluctance torque, whereby the speed range and torque range of the electric motor can be obtained
• Figure 4 shows a first embodiment of an advantageous
• FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the rotor
• FIG. 7 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the rotor
• Figure 8 shows a fifth embodiment of the rotor
• Figure 9 shows a sixth embodiment of the rotor, each in a simplified sectional view.
• Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an electrically driven bicycle 1, the front wheel 2 steerable and the rear wheel 3 by an electric machine 4, which is presently designed as a wheel hub motor 5, can be driven.
• the electric machine 4 has an axle-fixed stator 6 and a rim-fixed rotor 7, wherein the rotor 7 is arranged and aligned coaxially with the stator 6.
• the rotor 7 is provided with a plurality of permanent magnets arranged side by side on the inside, typically rare-earth magnets.
• the usual construction has the disadvantage that known rotors have virtually no pronounced salience.
• the stator 6 When the electric machine is actuated (without pre-commutation), the stator 6 does not generate a flux component in the d-direction.
• L d , L q represent the instantaneous, virtual stator inductances in the d and q direction
• Z p corresponds to the number of pole pairs
• ⁇ d , ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ the respective flux component in the d and q directions and the permanent magnets PM is.
• the permanent magnets of the electric machine 4 are at least partially buried, as shown in Figures 4 to 9, arranged. Due to the advantageous arrangement of the permanent magnets within the permanent magnets 8 bearing return ring 9, provide the
• L d and L q describe instantaneous, virtual inductances, these are typically also dependent on the operating state of the electric machine 4, in particular of the latter
• the torque is added due to the at least partially buried arrangements of the permanent magnets 8 in the return ring 9, an additional torque component, the so-called reluctance torque (L d - L q ) * l d * lq.
• MTPV Max Torque per ampere
• the measurable terminal inductance L T of a 3-phase motor is calculated using the virtual inductances with the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 as follows:
• ⁇ describes the rotor's electrical rotor position angle 7. If the salience is pronounced, the measured terminal inductance oscillates with the cosine of the position angle between 3/2 L d and 3/2 L q . For unambiguous recognition of the rotor position, an additional sign recognition for distinguishing between the intervals 0 - ⁇ and ⁇ - 2 ⁇ suffices.
• the ambiguity of the cosine can also be achieved without suitable iteration methods
• Figure 4 shows a first embodiment in which the return ring 9 is provided on its inside with inwardly opened pockets 10, in each of which one of the permanent magnets 8 rests.
• the permanent magnets 8 have a substantially rectangular or square basic shape with a small height compared to the longitudinal extent.
• the pockets 10 are formed such that the permanent magnets 8 are arranged flat on the inner side 1 1 of the return ring 9, so that their height in
• the pockets 10 are adapted in shape to the shape of the permanent magnets 8, so that they are kept recorded in the pockets 10 substantially free of play.
• the pockets 10 and permanent magnets 8 are arranged on the inside 1 1 of the return ring 9 in the circumferential direction spaced from each other, wherein between adjacent permanent magnets 8 and pockets 10 each have a web 12 of the material of the return ring 9 remains.
• the permanent magnets 8 are arranged buried in the pockets 10 or in the return ring 9.
• the width of the webs 12 and thus the minimum distance between adjacent permanent magnets 8 is at least twice as large as the air gap width between the rotor 7 and the inner stator 6.
• the web 12 is magnetically connected to the permanent magnet 8 and is so far in particular to the Sides of the neighboring
• Permanent magnets 8 so that they are in contact with each other. Furthermore, the radial depth of the pockets 10 is selected such that the permanent magnets 8 with their exposed surface 13 with the webs 12 flush on the inside 1 1 complete, so that essentially a continuous inner surface on the inside 1 1 is formed, which is used to reduce noise contributes.
• the usable Torque speed range of the electric machine 4 increases without the size of the electric machine 4 itself would have to be extended.
• the pronounced salience allows the electric machine 4 to provide boost power of up to 50% over rated power for up to 30 seconds without overheating.
• Actuation and control can be operated by means of encoderless rotor position detection, wherein the rotor position can be accurately detected especially at standstill.
• the control can be detected by the suitably electrically commutated electric machine 4 in conjunction with a field-oriented control for encoderless rotor position detection by measuring the
• Test signal in the stator and measurement of the inductive response to be determined.
• the permanent magnets 8 are in the present case designed as ferrite magnets, which are compared to the otherwise used rare earth magnets much cheaper to purchase, whereby the
• the second embodiment of the rotor 7 shown in Figure 5 differs from the previous embodiment in that the lying between adjacent permanent magnets 8 webs 12 not flush with the free surfaces 13 of the permanent magnets 8, but have a semi-circular end 14, the respective web 12 imparts a D-shape.
• the highest point of the web 12, or the radially inwardly projecting point of the end 14 of the web 12, is substantially at the height of the free surfaces 13.
• the semicircular or dome-shaped design of the end 14 is a magnetic leakage flux between adjacent Permanent magnets 8 minimized as far as possible.
• FIG. 6 shows a third exemplary embodiment, which differs from the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4 in that the pockets 10 are designed to be closed, so that the permanent magnets 8 are completely buried in the return ring 9.
• the pockets 10 are provided on the inner side 1 1 of the return ring 9 with an overlap 15 which is formed from the material of the return ring 9 and in particular is integrally formed therewith.
• the respective cover 15 extends from one web 12 to the next via a pocket 10 and the permanent magnet 8 located therein. As shown in FIG.
• Cover 15 advantageously in the direction of the air gap, ie in the direction of the stator 6, provided with a cycloid-like shape, so that the attachment point of the cycloids in each case lies in the middle of the respective web 12, on a radius outside the inner magnetic surface
• the air pockets 16 are such to the
• Permanent magnets 8 and the webs 12 introduced that they each air gap side each have a narrow, magnetically rapidly saturating transverse web 17 which closes the return ring 9 on the inside to minimize the magnetic leakage flux between adjacent permanent magnets 8.
• the air pockets 16 thus extend radially beyond the height of the permanent magnets 8 into the material of the return ring 9 as far as the respective transverse webs 17.
• the fifth embodiment shown in Figure 8 shows the return ring 9 of the rotor 7, in which the permanent magnets 8 are also arranged buried.
• the permanent magnets 8 are arranged in a spoke shape in the return ring material, so that they are radially in the
• the permanent magnets 8 can also be arranged radially exposed in the return ring 9, wherein then the return ring 9 is formed from a plurality of return ring segments, which are each provided between adjacent permanent magnets 8.
• Figure 9 shows a sixth embodiment in which the
• Permanent magnets 8 completely buried in the return ring 9 and V-shaped with alternating orientation of adjacent permanent magnet pairs are arranged. Due to the alternating orientation results

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
• Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
• Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=47998451

Family Applications (1)

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Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2012
  • 2012-04-04 DE DE102012205558A patent/DE102012205558A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2013
  • 2013-03-27 CN CN201380018323.7A patent/CN104185591A/zh active Pending
  • 2013-03-27 EP EP13712555.5A patent/EP2834142B1/de active Active
  • 2013-03-27 IN IN7814DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN07814A/en unknown
  • 2013-03-27 KR KR1020147027882A patent/KR20150000883A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-03-27 WO PCT/EP2013/056501 patent/WO2013149902A1/de not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (5)

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