WO2013141337A1 - 高い垂直磁気異方性を示す極薄垂直磁化膜、その製造方法及び用途 - Google Patents
高い垂直磁気異方性を示す極薄垂直磁化膜、その製造方法及び用途 Download PDFInfo
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
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- G11B5/84—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/26—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by the substrate or intermediate layers
- H01F10/30—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by the substrate or intermediate layers characterised by the composition of the intermediate layers, e.g. seed, buffer, template, diffusion preventing, cap layers
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01F10/3286—Spin-exchange coupled multilayers having at least one layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
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- H01F10/007—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure ultrathin or granular films
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an element structure of an extremely thin magnetic film exhibiting a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that can be used for a magnetic recording medium or a magnetic memory, a manufacturing method thereof, and an application thereof.
- Non-patent Documents 1 and 2 a technique for electrically controlling magnetization in a magnetic material using a phenomenon called spin torque (spin injection magnetization reversal) is being developed (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2).
- spin torque spin injection magnetization reversal
- the magnetization state of a giant magnetoresistive element, tunneling magnetoresistive element, or ferromagnetic thin wire can be controlled by a current / electric field.
- Non-patent Document 3 a magnetization control mechanism using a current-induced effective magnetic field using an extremely thin magnetic layer has been reported, and establishment of a further low-power magnetization control method is expected.
- the current-induced effective magnetic field is caused by a phenomenon (such as the Rashba effect) that occurs when a different material is used at both interfaces of the magnetic layer and the thickness of the magnetic layer is reduced, or by the spin Hall effect in the nonmagnetic layer adjacent to the magnetic layer. It is considered a thing.
- CoFeB-based transition metal alloy for the magnetic layer CoFeB-based perpendicular magnetization film with one layer in contact with the magnetic layer as an oxide layer such as MgO and the other as a seed layer such as Ta is a structure used for tunnel magnetoresistive elements.
- Non-Patent Document 4 and a system that generates a current-induced effective magnetic field (Non-Patent Document 5). It has been known so far that it is possible to control the magnetization of a magnetic layer with a low current by using a current-induced effective magnetic field.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an element structure having a large magnetization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy when the magnetic layer has a thickness of 1.5 nm or less, a manufacturing method thereof, and an application thereof.
- an ultrathin perpendicular magnetization film (the thickness of the magnetic layer is 1.5 nm or less) having a basic structure of seed layer / magnetic layer / oxide layer.
- the above problem can be solved by using at least one BCC metal nitride for the seed layer, CoFeB for the magnetic layer, and MgO for the oxide layer. .
- an ultrathin perpendicular magnetization film having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy having a structure including a laminated film in which a seed layer, a magnetic layer, and an oxide layer are provided on a substrate, wherein the seed layer is made of at least one BCC metal.
- the ultrathin perpendicular magnetization film characterized in that it contains nitride, the magnetic layer contains a CoFeB alloy, and the oxide layer contains MgO.
- a method for producing an ultrathin perpendicular magnetic film [9] [8] The method for producing an ultrathin perpendicular magnetic film according to [8], wherein heat treatment is performed in a temperature range of 150 ° C. to 350 ° C. after film formation. [10] A magnetic device comprising the ultrathin perpendicular magnetization film according to any one of [1] to [7]. [11] The magnetic device according to [10], which is a magnetic recording memory. [12] The magnetic device according to [10], which is a magnetic sensor.
- An ultrathin perpendicular magnetization film having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy having a structure including a laminated film in which a seed layer, a magnetic layer, and an oxide layer are provided on a substrate, wherein the seed layer is made of at least one BCC metal.
- an element structure having large magnetization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be produced in a thin film having a magnetic layer thickness of 0.3 nm or more and 1.5 nm or less, such as a magnetic recording memory or a magnetic sensor. Can be used for magnetic devices.
- the seed layer includes at least one BCC metal nitride
- the magnetic layer includes CoFeB
- the oxide layer It is preferable to use MgO.
- the BCC metal nitride Ta nitride such as TaN is preferable.
- the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is 0.1 ⁇ 10 6 erg / cm 3 or more and the saturation magnetization is 200 emu / cm 3 or more. It becomes easy to obtain a film.
- the ultrathin perpendicular magnetization film is composed of a multilayer film in which a combination of a seed layer / magnetic layer / oxide layer is provided on a substrate.
- a preferable combination is TaN / CoFeB / MgO.
- At least one BCC metal nitride for example, TaN, TiN, AlN, CrN, or the like
- TaN is more preferable.
- lattice matching with MgO which is an oxide layer is preferable, and it is appropriate to use BCC metal.
- An amorphous transition metal alloy containing B for example, CoFeB, FeB, NiFeB, etc.
- MgO, Al 2 O 3 or the like can be used for the oxide layer, and MgO is more preferable.
- the substrate is preferably a semiconductor or glass substrate, more preferably a silicon substrate.
- the multilayer film preferably includes a laminated film in which the seed layer / magnetic layer / oxide layer is provided in this order from the substrate side, but the oxide layer / magnetic layer / seed layer is provided in this order from the substrate side.
- a layer having another function can be further provided as appropriate.
- a magnetic layer serving as a reference layer of the tunnel magnetoresistive element may be provided on the oxide layer, and a cap layer may be further provided thereon.
- the reference layer is preferably a layer containing CoFeB, and the cap layer is preferably a layer made of TaN. An example of such a device structure is shown in FIG.
- the film thickness of the magnetic layer is preferably 1.5 nm or less and 0.3 nm or more. This is because when the film thickness is 0.3 nm or more, the phenomenon that the magnetization of the magnetic layer becomes zero can be effectively suppressed, and when the film thickness is 1.5 nm or less, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be effectively realized.
- the film thickness of the seed layer is preferably 0.5 nm or more in order to form a uniform film, and is preferably 20 nm or less, and more preferably 10 nm or less, which does not adversely affect the flatness to the magnetic memory layer.
- the thickness of the oxide layer is preferably 0.5 nm or more for forming a uniform film and 10 nm or less for reducing damage to the magnetic layer during sputtering.
- the component composition of the (Co x Fe 1-x ) y B 1-y alloy in the magnetic layer is preferably 1> y ⁇ 0.7 and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8.
- B has an atomic weight ratio of 30% or less, the decrease in magnetization is suppressed, and when the Co / Fe ratio is 4 or less, the decrease in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is suppressed.
- Reactive sputtering in a gas atmosphere of Ar and N 2 can be used for forming the seed layer.
- the manufacturing method need not be limited to reactive sputtering in a mixed gas atmosphere of argon and nitrogen.
- a method of sputtering a nitride target or a BCC metal can be used. Sputtering and then nitriding can also be used.
- the produced multilayer film is preferably subjected to heat treatment. However, if the magnetic layer exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy immediately after the production of the multilayer film, it is not necessary to perform the heat treatment.
- the temperature range of the heat treatment is preferably 100 ° C. to 500 ° C., and the holding time is not particularly limited as long as the oxide layer MgO is crystallized, but usually 30 minutes or more is preferable. If heating is performed at 100 ° C. or more, more preferably 150 ° C. or more, and MgO is crystallized, and heating is performed at 500 ° C. or less, more preferably 350 ° C., diffusion of atoms in the multilayer film can be prevented.
- the following (1) to (7) are also preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- the component composition (Co x Fe 1-x ) y B 1-y of the CoFeB alloy of the magnetic layer described in the above (1) has a relationship of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8 and y ⁇ 0.7 Ultra-thin perpendicular magnetization film characterized by (4) The ultrathin perpendicularly magnetized film according to (1), wherein the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is 0.1 ⁇ 10 6 erg / cm 3 or more and the saturation magnetization is 200 emu / cm 3 or more. An ultrathin perpendicular magnetization film.
- Example 1 A thin film was formed on a silicon substrate by magnetron sputtering.
- a silicon substrate with a 100 nm thermal oxide film was used.
- Sputtering was performed after an ultra-high vacuum of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 Pa or less.
- DC sputtering (10 W) was used for depositing Ta, TaN, or CoFeB
- RF sputtering 100 W was used for depositing MgO.
- the Ar gas pressure was 1.1 Pa when the Ta film was formed, 0.4 Pa when the CoFeB film was formed, and 1.3 Pa when the MgO film was formed.
- the heat treatment was performed in a vacuum chamber (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less). The heat treatment was performed at a predetermined temperature for 1 hour.
- the magnetization curve was measured using a vibration type magnetometer (VSM).
- VSM vibration type magnetometer
- the magnetization components in the film surface vertical direction (perpendicular magnetization curve) and the horizontal direction (in-plane magnetization curve) were measured.
- the magnetic anisotropy constant was obtained from the area surrounded by the perpendicular magnetization curve and the in-plane magnetization curve (see FIG. 2).
- a positive value indicates perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
- a negative value indicates in-plane magnetic anisotropy.
- Figure 2 in order to demonstrate that the H ⁇ has a hysteresis, and also it shows the enlarged view of the horizontal axis. Note that this embodiment has a large area for confirming the principle, and when actually used as a device, the hysteresis opening and the square shape become clearer in order to miniaturize the element.
- FIG. 2 shows the magnetization curve of the TaN / CoFeB / MgO / Ta multilayer film.
- the thickness of each layer is 4 nm for TaN, 0.6 nm for CoFeB, 2 nm for MgO, and 1 nm for Ta.
- the Ta layer is provided as a protective layer.
- the composition of CoFeB is (Co 0.25 Fe 0.75 ) 0.8 B 0.2 .
- the nitrogen gas flow volume ratio Q in the sputtering chamber during TaN film formation was set to 0.013. After film formation, heat treatment was performed in a vacuum chamber at 300 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the magnetic layer CoFeB exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy even when the film thickness is 0.6 nm.
- the saturation magnetization representing the magnitude of the magnetization is 1030 emu / cm 3 and the magnetic anisotropy constant is 2.76 ⁇ 10 6 erg / cm 3 .
- Table 1 shows the dependence of the magnetic anisotropy constant and saturation magnetization of the CoFeB layer on the nitrogen gas flow rate ratio during seed layer deposition.
- the film configuration is TaN / CoFeB / MgO / Ta, and the thickness of each layer is 1 nm for TaN, 2 nm for MgO, and 1 nm for Ta.
- the film thickness of CoFeB was 0.6 nm and 1.2 nm, and the composition was (Co 0.25 Fe 0.75 ) 0.8 B 0.2 .
- heat treatment was performed at 300 ° C. for 1 hour. A comparison is made of five cases where the flow volume ratio Q of N 2 gas and Ar gas in the sputtering chamber during TaN film formation is changed.
- the magnetic anisotropy constant takes a positive value even when the CoFeB film is thin (0.6 nm) (perpendicular magnetism).
- saturation magnetization also has a value closer to the bulk than in the case where nitrogen is not introduced into the gas atmosphere (comparative example) (reference: (Co 25 Fe 75 ) 80 B 20 : 1490 emu / cm 3 , Co 25 Fe 75 : 1870 emu / cm 3 ).
- the nitrogen gas flow volume ratio Q exceeds 0.05, the magnetic anisotropy of the CoFeB layer becomes negative.
- the amount of nitrogen in TaN is proportional to the gas flow volume ratio, but the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant is 0.1 ⁇ 10 6 erg because the amount of nitrogen in TaN may change even at a constant gas flow rate depending on the configuration and specifications of the apparatus.
- the gas flow volume ratio Q required to produce a structure having a magnetic characteristic of / cm 3 or more and saturation magnetization of 200 emu / cm 3 or more is preferably 0 ⁇ Q ⁇ 0.05.
- the nitrogen gas flow volume ratio Q and the film thickness of the magnetic layer satisfying the determination criteria vary depending on the heat treatment temperature. For example, when the heat treatment temperature is 300 degrees and Q is 0.025, the magnetic layer may have a film thickness of 1.2 nm and may not satisfy the criterion. However, increasing the heat treatment temperature satisfies the criterion.
- TaN of the seed layer has an amorphous structure when the nitrogen gas flow volume ratio Q at which the magnetic anisotropy is maximum is 0.013. Similarly, when the seed layer is Ta, it has an amorphous structure.
- Q 0.025
- Table 2 shows the heat treatment temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy constant and saturation magnetization of the CoFeB layer.
- the film configuration is seed layer / CoFeB / MgO / Ta.
- the heat treatment was performed for 1 hour at the specified temperature after film formation.
- the thickness of each layer is 1 nm for the seed layer, 0.6 nm for CoFeB, 2 nm for MgO, and 1 nm for Ta.
- the composition of CoFeB is (Co 0.25 Fe 0.75 ) 0.8 B 0.2 .
- the nitrogen gas flow volume ratio Q in the sputtering chamber at the time of TaN film formation was 0.013 and 0.025. As a comparative example, the case where the seed layer is Ta is shown together.
- Table 3 shows the CoFeB layer thickness dependence of the magnetic anisotropy constant and saturation magnetization of the CoFeB layer.
- the film structure was TaN / CoFeB / MgO / Ta, and heat treatment was performed at 300 ° C. for 1 hour after the film formation.
- the composition of CoFeB is (Co 0.25 Fe 0.75 ) 0.8 B 0.2 .
- the thickness of each layer is 4 nm for TaN, 2 nm for MgO, and 1 nm for Ta.
- the nitrogen gas flow volume ratio Q in the sputtering chamber during TaN film formation was four types of 0.007, 0.013, 0.025 and 0.10.
- the total gas pressure was 1.1 Pa.
- the results of Ta / CoFeB / MgO / Ta saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy constant dependence of CoFeB layer thickness using Ta as a seed layer are also shown.
- the heat treatment is 300 ° C. for 1 hour
- the composition of CoFeB is (Co 0.25 Fe 0.75 ) 0.8 B 0.2
- the thickness of each layer is 1 nm for the seed layer Ta, 2 nm for MgO
- Ta (cap layer) is 1 nm.
- the magnetic anisotropy constant was negative because the oxide layer MgO was not crystallized.
- Table 4 shows the interfacial magnetic anisotropy in the seed layer / CoFeB / MgO / Ta laminated structure when the nitrogen gas flow volume ratio Q during film formation of the seed layer is changed.
- the film thickness of the seed layer TaN (Q> 0) is 4 nm
- the film thickness of the seed layer Ta (Q: 0) shown as a comparative example is 1 nm.
- heat treatment was performed at 300 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the composition of CoFeB is (Co 0.25 Fe 0.75 ) 0.8 B 0.2 .
- the present invention is expected to be used for a magnetic device such as a magnetic sensor or a magnetic recording memory manufactured using an ultrathin perpendicular magnetization film, and has high industrial applicability.
Abstract
Description
[1]
基板上にシード層、磁性層、及び酸化物層が設けられる積層膜を含む構成を有する垂直磁気異方性を示す極薄垂直磁化膜であって、該シード層が少なくとも1種のBCC金属の窒化物を含み、磁性層がCoFeB合金を含み、酸化物層がMgOを含むことを特徴とする、上記極薄垂直磁化膜。
[2]
前記BCC金属の窒化物がTaの窒化物である、[1]に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
[3]
前記Taの窒化物の成分組成が、Ta:N=1:x(0<x<0.6)である、[2]に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
[4]
前記磁性層の膜厚が0.3nm以上1.5nm以下であることを特徴とする、[1]に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
[5]
前記CoFeB合金の成分組成(CoxFe1-x)yB1-yが、0<x≦0.8でかつ、y≧0.7の関係を有することを特徴とする、[1]に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
[6]
垂直磁気異方性が0.1x106erg/cm3以上でかつ、飽和磁化が200emu/cm3以上の磁気特性を有することを特徴とする、[1]に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
[7]
前記磁性層との界面に垂直磁気異方性を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
[8]
[1]に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法であって、前記シード層をスパッタ法により成膜する時のArとN2のガス流量体積比Q(Q=N2流量/ガス(Ar+N2)全流量、と定義)が、0<Q≦0.05の関係を有することを特徴とする、極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法。
[9]
[8]に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法であって、成膜後150oC以上350oC以下の温度範囲で熱処理を施すことを特徴とする極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法。
[10]
[1]から[7]のいずれかに記載の極薄垂直磁化膜で構成されることを特徴とする磁気デバイス。
[11]
磁気記録メモリである、[10]に記載の磁気デバイス。
[12]
磁気センサーである、[10]に記載の磁気デバイス。
[13]
基板上にシード層、磁性層、及び酸化物層が設けられる積層膜を含む構成を有する垂直磁気異方性を示す極薄垂直磁化膜であって、該シード層が少なくとも1種のBCC金属の窒化物を含み、磁性層がBを含むアモルファス遷移金属合金を含むことを特徴とする、上記極薄垂直磁化膜。
なお、下記(1)から(7)もそれぞれ本発明の好ましい実施形態の一つである。
(1)
基板上にシード層、磁性層、酸化物層で構成される垂直磁気異方性を示す極薄垂直磁化膜であって、シード層がTaN、磁性層がCoFeB合金、酸化物層がMgOであることを特徴とする極薄垂直磁化膜。
(2)
上記(1)に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜であって、磁性層の膜厚が0.3nm以上1.5 nm以下であることを特徴とする極薄垂直磁化膜。
(3)
上記(1)に記載の磁性層のCoFeB合金の成分組成(CoxFe1-x)yB1-yが、0<x≦0.8でかつ、y≧0.7の関係を有することを特徴とする極薄垂直磁化膜。
(4)
上記(1)に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜であって、垂直磁気異方性が0.1x106erg/cm3以上でかつ、飽和磁化が200emu/cm3以上の磁気特性を有することを特徴とする極薄垂直磁化膜。
(5)
基板上にシード層、磁性層、酸化物層で構成される垂直磁気異方性を示す上記(1)に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法であって、シード層TaNをスパッタ法により成膜する時のArとN2のガス流量比(Qと定義)が、0<Q≦0.2の関係を有することを特徴とする極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法。
(6)
上記(5)に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法であって、成膜後150oC以上350oC以下の温度範囲で熱処理を施すことを特徴とする極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法。
(7)
上記(1)から(4)のいずれかに記載の極薄垂直磁化膜で構成されることを特徴とする面内電流印加型の磁気記録メモリや磁気デバイス。
<実施例1>
マグネトロンスパッタ法を用いてシリコン基板上に薄膜を作製した。シリコン基板として、100nmの熱酸化膜がついているものを用いた。スパッタは5x10-7Pa以下の超高真空中にしてから行った。Ta、又はTaN、CoFeBの製膜にはDCスパッタ(10W)、MgOの製膜にはRFスパッタ(100W)を用いた。Arガス圧はTa製膜時が1.1Pa、CoFeB製膜時が0.4Pa、MgO製膜時が1.3 Paであった。TaNの製膜にあたっては全ガス圧を1.1Paで固定し、ArとN2のガス流量体積比Q(Q=N2流量/ガス(Ar+N2)全流量)を調節してTaN(Q=0のときはTa)を成膜した。成膜したCoFeBの組成には、ターゲットの組成を用いた。シード層/磁性層/酸化物層を成膜した後、酸化物層を水分などから保護するために、1nmのTa層を保護層として成膜した。
図2中、H⊥がヒステリシスを有することを明示するため、横軸を拡大した図を併せて示した。なお、本実施例は原理確認のための大面積のものであり、実際にデバイスとして使用する際には、素子を微細化するためヒステリシスの開き、及び角型はより明確なものとなる。
なお、熱処理なしの場合には、酸化物層MgOが結晶化しなかったために磁気異方性定数が負となったものと思われる。
Claims (13)
- 基板上にシード層、磁性層、及び酸化物層が設けられる積層膜を含む構成を有する垂直磁気異方性を示す極薄垂直磁化膜であって、該シード層が少なくとも1種のBCC金属の窒化物を含み、磁性層がCoFeB合金を含み、酸化物層がMgOを含むことを特徴とする、上記極薄垂直磁化膜。
- 前記BCC金属の窒化物がTaの窒化物である、請求項1に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
- 前記Taの窒化物の成分組成が、Ta:N=1:x(0<x<0.6)である、請求項2に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
- 前記磁性層の膜厚が0.3nm以上1.5nm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
- 前記CoFeB合金の成分組成(CoxFe1-x)yB1-yが、0<x≦0.8でかつ、y≧0.7の関係を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
- 垂直磁気異方性が0.1x106erg/cm3以上でかつ、飽和磁化が200emu/cm3以上の磁気特性を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
- 前記磁性層の界面に垂直磁気異方性を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜。
- 請求項1に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法であって、前記シード層をスパッタ法により成膜する時のArとN2のガス流量体積比Q(Q=N2流量/ガス(Ar+N2)全流量、と定義)が、0<Q<0.05の関係を有することを特徴とする、極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法。
- 請求項8に記載の極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法であって、成膜後150oC以上350oC以下の温度範囲で熱処理を施すことを特徴とする極薄垂直磁化膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の極薄垂直磁化膜で構成されることを特徴とする磁気デバイス。
- 磁気記録メモリである、請求項10に記載の磁気デバイス。
- 磁気センサーである、請求項10に記載の磁気デバイス。
- 基板上にシード層、磁性層、及び酸化物層が設けられる積層膜を含む構成を有する垂直磁気異方性を示す極薄垂直磁化膜であって、該シード層が少なくとも1種のBCC金属の窒化物を含み、磁性層がBを含むアモルファス遷移金属合金を含むことを特徴とする、上記極薄垂直磁化膜。
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