WO2013139069A1 - 无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机 - Google Patents

无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013139069A1
WO2013139069A1 PCT/CN2012/075054 CN2012075054W WO2013139069A1 WO 2013139069 A1 WO2013139069 A1 WO 2013139069A1 CN 2012075054 W CN2012075054 W CN 2012075054W WO 2013139069 A1 WO2013139069 A1 WO 2013139069A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure balance
earth pressure
shield
transfer case
shield machine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/075054
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李建斌
何於琏
Original Assignee
中铁隧道装备制造有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司 filed Critical 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司
Priority to DE112012006081.4T priority Critical patent/DE112012006081B4/de
Priority to US14/387,128 priority patent/US9016801B2/en
Publication of WO2013139069A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013139069A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/03Driving non-circular tunnels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of shield machines, and particularly relates to a cutterless earth pressure balance shield machine. Background technique
  • the cutter-cutter cutting system is used in both the earth pressure balance shield machines at home and abroad.
  • the cutter head performs a rotary motion.
  • the cutter head is moved in a plane by a crank linkage mechanism, a swing mechanism or a contouring mechanism.
  • Various tools such as hobs, cutters, and scrapers are mounted on the cutter head according to geological conditions and engineering conditions. The tool moves with the movement of the cutter head and does not actively rotate itself. Since the movement speed of the cutter head is very low (a few revolutions per minute), the cutting speed of the cutter is also low, which limits the improvement of the cutting efficiency.
  • the cutting line speed of each tool is very different, so the working life is also very different.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a cutterless earth pressure balance shield machine for the defects of the earth pressure balance shield machine which currently employs a cutter head and a cutter. No cutterheads are provided in the shield machine, and each cutter can independently rotate independently.
  • the cutterless earth pressure balance shield machine of the invention comprises a cutting tool, a cutter shaft, a spiral slag collector, an earth pressure balance chamber, a transfer case, a reducer, a drive motor, a slag conveyor, and an earth pressure balance chamber.
  • a cutting tool is placed on the front of the front shield, the cutting tool is cut by the cutting head and distributed on it
  • the cutting head is composed of a cutting head fixed to one end of a cutter shaft, and the other end of the cutter shaft is connected with the power transmission device;
  • the power transmission device is composed of a transfer case and a reducer and a drive motor connected to the transfer case
  • the front end of the transfer case in the power transmission unit located in the upper part of the shield machine is fixed on the movable partition of the earth pressure balance chamber, and the reducer and the drive motor connected to the transfer case are supported by the sliding device, and the rear side of the sliding device Connected to the telescopic cylinder.
  • the front end of the transfer case in the power transmission unit located in the lower half of the shield machine is fixed on the middle shield support plate, and the reducer and the drive motor connected to the transfer case are supported by the support frame, and the lower end of the support frame is fixed in the middle shield a rear end; a spiral slag collector is arranged on the cutter shaft connected to the power transmission device mounted on the lower part of the shield machine; the inlet of the slag conveyor is located behind the spiral slag collector; and a check valve is arranged on the middle shield partition;
  • the projection of the cutting tool in a cross section perpendicular to the front shield is arranged in a matrix.
  • the earth pressure balance chamber movable partition is connected with the earth pressure balance chamber fixed partition and the front shield by bolts.
  • the sliding device is composed of a sliding bracket, a sliding shoe and a guide rail; the reducer and the driving motor are fixed on the sliding bracket, and a sliding shoe is arranged below the sliding bracket, which is fastened on the rail, and the rail is fixed in the middle On the shield support platform, the rear of the sliding bracket is connected to the telescopic cylinder.
  • the invention adopts the technical solution and produces the following advantages.
  • the cutting efficiency of the tool is closely related to the linear speed of the tool.
  • a 4m diameter circular cutter with a cutterhead has a moderate speed of (3r/min), and the average cutting speed of the tool mounted on the cutterhead is 0.314m/s.
  • the moderate speed of the cutting head is 30r/min, and if the radius of rotation of the cutting head is set to 400mm, the cutting linear speed of the cutting head can reach 1.256 m/s. 4 times the former. 2.
  • the cutterless cutter machine adopts the independent active rotation of each tool.
  • the rotation speed of all the tools is the same, so the linear speeds of all the tools are basically the same, so that the working life is very close, so that the bulk type can be changed.
  • the knife greatly saves the tool change time and improves the tunneling efficiency of the shield machine.
  • the blades of the spiral slag collector on different cutter shafts are arranged in opposite directions, which means that the rotation directions of the different cutter shafts are opposite, and the purpose is to balance the rotational inertia force between the different cutter shaft cutters to avoid occurrence.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1A-A;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a cloth cutter of a rectangular shield machine
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the cloth cutter of the circular shield machine.
  • the shield machine described in this embodiment is a rectangular cutterless earth pressure balance shield machine for excavating a rectangular section tunnel. As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3.
  • the drive motor 7 in this embodiment employs an electric motor, and the muck conveyor 9 employs a bendable buried scraper conveyor.
  • the shield machine is mainly composed of a cutting tool 1, a cutter shaft 2, a spiral slag collector 3, an earth pressure balance chamber 4, a transfer case 5, a reducer 6, a drive motor 7, a slag conveyor 9, and an earth pressure balance compartment.
  • a cutting tool 1 is arranged at the front of the front shield 13, and the cutting tool is composed of a cutting head 1 1 and a picking tooth 12 distributed thereon, each cutting head 1 1 being fixed to one end of a cutter shaft 2, the cutter shaft 2 The other end is connected to the power transmission device; the power transmission device is composed of a transfer case 5, a reduction gear 6 connected to the transfer case 5, and a drive motor 7.
  • the power transmission device located in the upper half of the shield machine and the power transmission device located in the lower half of the shield machine are different from the other components; the front end of the transfer case 5 in the power transmission device located in the upper half of the shield machine Fixed on the movable partition 30 of the earth pressure balance chamber, the speed reducer 6 and the drive motor 7 connected to the transfer case 5 are supported by the sliding device, and the rear side of the sliding device
  • the sliding device is connected to the telescopic cylinder 26;
  • the sliding device described in this embodiment is composed of a sliding bracket 25, a shoe 24 and a guide rail 23; the reduction gear 6 and the driving motor 7 are fixed on the sliding bracket 25, and the sliding bracket 25 is mounted.
  • the sliding device may also adopt a groove on the guide rail, and the lower end of the leg of the sliding bracket is fixed with a slider matching the shape of the groove on the guide rail.
  • the front end of the transfer case 5 in the power transmission device located in the lower half of the shield machine is fixed on the middle shield support plate 10, and the reducer 6 and the drive motor 7 connected to the transfer case 5 are supported by the support frame 18, the support frame
  • the lower end of the 18 is fixed at the rear end of the middle shield 14;
  • a spiral slag collector 3 is mounted on the cutter shaft connected to the power transmission device mounted on the lower part of the shield machine, and the inlet of the slag conveyor 9 is located behind the spiral slag collector 3;
  • the earth pressure balance chamber 4 of the structure machine is composed of a front shield 13, an earth pressure balance chamber movable partition 30, an earth pressure balance chamber fixed partition 31 and an excavation surface.
  • a check valve 29 is provided on the middle shield.
  • the picks 12 are arranged in a spiral on the cutting head 11; the projections of the cutting tool 1 on the cross section perpendicular to the front shield are arranged in a matrix (see Fig. 3), the solid line in Fig. 3
  • the circle is the orthographic projection of the cutting head 11, and the double-dotted line circle 19 is the maximum radius cutting trajectory of the cutting tooth 12.
  • the cutting path of the cutting tool 1 can substantially cover the entire excavation section of the tunnel.
  • the structure of the transfer case 5 in the power transmission unit is the same as that of Luoyang Lesda Transmission Co., Ltd.
  • the transfer case 5 and the tool shaft 2 can be connected by a key or a flange, and other connection methods can be used.
  • the earth pressure balance compartment partition is composed of the earth pressure balance compartment movable partition 30 and the earth pressure balance compartment fixed partition 31, and the earth pressure balance compartment movable partition 30 is fixed by the bolt and the earth pressure balance compartment 31 and the front shield 1 3 connected together.
  • This embodiment is a circular cutterless earth pressure balance shield machine for excavating a circular section tunnel.
  • Figure 4 is a left side view of the shield machine.
  • the drive motor 7 is a hydraulic motor
  • the slag conveyor 9 is a relay-type bendable screw conveyor; the connection structure of other structures and components is the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the drive motor 7 of the embodiment 1 can also be a hydraulic motor, and the slag conveyor 9 can also be a relay type bendable screw conveyor.
  • the drive motor 7 of the embodiment 2 can also be an electric motor, and the muck conveyor 9 can also be a flexible buried scraper conveyor.
  • the transfer case 5 employed in the above embodiment is a one-by-four structure, that is, one drive motor 7 can simultaneously drive the four cutting tools 1 to rotate.
  • a drive motor can be selected according to the design requirements to drive two cutting tools, three cutting tools, five cutting tools or other number of cutting tools.
  • the shield machine of the present invention can be manufactured into a rectangular shape as in the first embodiment and a circular shape as in the second embodiment, and can be manufactured into a polygonal shape, an elliptical shape, and the like by using the same method. Excavate tunnels of various cross-section shapes.
  • the number of cutting tools assembled on the shield can be selected according to the needs of the excavation tunnel section.
  • the cutting tool of the cutterless earth pressure balance shield machine does not need the support of the cutter head, and all the cutters are directly driven by the power transmission device to realize independent active rotation.
  • the cutting motion of the cutting tool 1 is caused by the rotary motion of the cutting tool (main motion) And the longitudinal feed movement composition.
  • the drive motor 7 drives the cutter shaft 2 and the cutting tool 1 to rotate by the speed reducer 6 and the transfer case 5.
  • the function of the transfer case 5 is to use less drive motor 7 to simultaneously drive more cutting tools 1 to save space, and solve the problem of crowded power transmission space arrangement.
  • the longitudinal feed motion of the cutting tool 1 is achieved by a reinforced concrete lining segment 17 and a propulsion cylinder 16. When the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder 16 projects rearward, the reinforced concrete segment 17 can be pushed up.
  • the counterforce provided by it can force the propulsion cylinder 16 to drive the entire shield (including the front shield 13, the middle shield 14 and the rear shield 15).
  • the front advancement drives the cutting tool 1 to realize the longitudinal feed motion.
  • the slag that falls into the bottom of the earth pressure balance chamber 4 during the operation of the shield machine is continuously pushed backward to the slag conveyor 9 through the spiral slag collector 3 mounted on the arbor 2 of the lower half of the shield machine. At the entrance to make the slag smooth.
  • the cutting tool should be replaced.
  • replacing the cutting tool firstly drain the muck in the earth pressure balance chamber 4, and then loosen the fastening bolt 28 to disengage the connection between the earth pressure balance compartment movable partition 30 and the fixed partition 31 and the front shield 13.
  • the driving device for driving the sliding bracket 25 and the upper half and the cutting tool 1 are moved backward along the guide rail by a certain distance, and the field worker can move from the movable partition 30 and the fixed partition 31. The gap between the two enters the earth pressure balance chamber 4 to replace the tool.
  • the fixing and connecting in the invention are mostly bolted, for example: the driving motor 7 located in the upper part of the shield machine, the speed reducer 6 and the transfer case 5 are respectively connected by bolts, and the transfer case 5 is respectively
  • the front end is bolted to the movable partition 30 of the earth pressure balance chamber, and the earth pressure balance chamber movable partition 30 is connected to the front shield 13 and the earth pressure balance chamber fixed partition 31 by fastening bolts 28.
  • the speed reducer 6 and the drive motor 7 are connected to the slide bracket 25 by bolts.
  • the rear of the slide bracket 25 is connected to the telescopic cylinder 26 by bolts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机,土压平衡舱隔板由土压平衡舱活动隔板(30)和土压平衡舱固定隔板(31)组成;在前盾(13)的前边装有切削刀具(1),切削刀具(1)由截割头(11)和分布在上面的截齿(12)组成,每个截割头(11)与一个刀轴(2)的一端固连,刀轴(2)的另一端与动力传动装置相连;动力传动装置由分动箱(5)以及与分动箱(5)相连的减速机(6)和驱动马达(7)组成;位于盾构机上半部的动力传动装置中的分动箱(5)的前端固定在土压平衡舱的活动隔板(30)上,与分动箱(5)相连的减速机(6)和驱动马达(7)由滑动装置支撑,滑动装置的后边与伸缩油缸(26)相连。采用上述技术方案,无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机具有切削效率高、工作寿命均衡、方向控制性好、对隧道断面的适应性强的优点。

Description

无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机
技术领域
本发明属于盾构机技术领域, 具体涉及一种无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机。 背景技术
目前, 国内外既有的土压平衡盾构机中, 均采用刀盘一刀具切削系统。 在圆形盾构机中, 刀盘作回转运动, 在椭圆形、 矩形或其他异形盾构机中, 刀盘通过曲柄连杆机构、 摆动机构或仿形机构作平面运动。 根据地质条件 和工程条件的需要, 在刀盘上安装有滚刀、 切刀、 刮刀等各种刀具。 刀具 随着刀盘的运动而运动, 本身不做主动自转。 由于刀盘的运动速度很低(每 分钟几转), 因而刀具的切削线速度也很低, 制约了切削效率的提高。 同时 由于刀具在刀盘上所处的位置不同, 各个刀具的切削线速度存在很大差异, 因而工作寿命也存在很大差异。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对目前采用刀盘一刀具的土压平衡盾构机存在的缺 陷, 提供一种无刀盘的土压平衡盾构机。 在该盾构机中不设置刀盘, 每个 刀具能独立主动自转。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明的无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机, 包括切削刀具、 刀轴、 螺旋集渣 器、 土压平衡舱、 分动箱、 减速机、 驱动马达、 渣土输送机、 土压平衡舱 隔板、 滑动托架、 伸缩油缸、 推进油缸、 气压过渡舱、 前盾、 中盾、 后盾、 中盾隔板组成; 土压平衡舱隔板由土压平衡舱活动隔板和土压平衡舱固定 隔板组成; 在前盾的前边装有切削刀具, 切削刀具由截割头和分布在上面 的截齿组成, 每个截割头与一个刀轴的一端固连, 刀轴的另一端与动力传 动装置相连; 动力传动装置由分动箱以及与分动箱相连的减速机和驱动马 达组成; 位于盾构机上半部的动力传动装置中的分动箱的前端固定在土压 平衡舱的活动隔板上, 与分动箱相连的减速机和驱动马达由滑动装置支撑, 滑动装置的后边与伸缩油缸相连。
位于盾构机下半部的动力传动装置中的分动箱的前端固定在中盾支撑 板上, 而与分动箱相连的减速机和驱动马达由支撑架支撑, 支撑架下端固 定在中盾后端; 与装配在盾构机下部动力传动装置相连的刀轴上装有螺旋 集渣器, 渣土输送机的入口位于螺旋集渣器的后方; 在中盾隔板上设有止 回阀; 切削刀具在与前盾垂直的横截面上的投影呈矩阵式排列。
所述的土压平衡舱活动隔板通过螺栓与土压平衡舱固定隔板和前盾连 接在一起。
所述的滑动装置由滑动托架、 滑靴和导轨所组成; 减速机和驱动马达 固装在滑动托架上, 滑动托架的下方设有滑靴, 它扣在导轨上, 导轨固定 在中盾支撑台上, 滑动托架的后方与伸缩油缸相连。
本发明采用该技术方案后产生了以下优点。
1 . 切削效率高
刀具的切削效率与刀具的线速度紧密相关。以直径为 4m的有刀盘圆形 盾构机为例, 它的适中转速为 (3r/ min ), 那么安装在刀盘上的刀具的平均 切削线速度为 0.314m/ s。 而采用无刀盘且刀具独立主动自转的方式, 截割 头的适中转速为 30r/ min, 截割头的回转半径若设为 400mm, 则截齿的切 削线速度可达 1.256 m/ s, 为前者的 4倍。 2. 工作寿命均衡
对于有刀盘盾构机, 由于布置在刀盘上的各个刀具的径向位置不同, 因而各个刀具随刀盘转动所经历的路径也不相同, 势必造成刀具的磨损速 度也不相同。 靠刀盘外圈的刀具磨损快, 靠刀盘内圈的刀具磨损慢, 这样 会增加换刀的次数, 影响施工效率的提高。
而无刀盘的盾构机, 采用每个刀具独立主动自转的方式, 全部刀具主 动自转的转速相同, 因而所有刀具的线速度基本相同, 使其工作寿命非常 接近, 这样可实现批量式整体换刀, 大大节省换刀时间, 提高盾构机的掘 进效率。
3. 方向控制性好
对于有刀盘盾构机, 由于刀盘的转动惯量很大, 有可能使盾构机沿刀 盘旋转方向滚动。 为了纠正这种滚动偏差, 只有使刀盘反转。 如此反复进 行刀盘的正反转操作, 虽然可以稳定盾构机的掘进方向, 但存在着一定的 操控难度。 若掌握不好, 会使掘进方向出现较大的偏差。
而本发明中, 不同刀轴上的螺旋集渣器的叶片呈相反方向的布置, 这 说明不同刀轴的旋转方向是相反的, 目的在于平衡不同刀轴刀具之间的旋 转惯性力, 避免出现盾体滚动, 因此勿需进行滚动纠偏。
4. 对隧道断面的适应性强
对于有刀盘盾构机, 最为适应的是圆形断面。 对于矩形、 椭圆形等特 异断面, 则必须通过复杂的曲柄连杆机构、 摆动机构或仿形机构来控制刀 具的切削轨迹。 而对于无刀盘矩阵式布刀的盾构机, 只需改变矩阵排列的 形式, 即可适应各种复杂形状的隧道断面。 附图说明
图 1是实施例 1的结构示意图;
图 2是图 1A-A剖视图;
图 3是矩形盾构机的布刀示意图;
图 4是圆形盾构机的布刀示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例 1
本实施例所描述的盾构机是矩形无刀盘土压平衡盾构机, 用于开挖矩 形断面隧道。 如图 1〜图 3 所示。
本实施例中的驱动马达 7采用电动机, 渣土输送机 9采用可弯曲埋刮 板输送机。
该盾构机主要由切削刀具 1、 刀轴 2、 螺旋集渣器 3、 土压平衡舱 4、 分动箱 5、 减速机 6、 驱动马达 7、 渣土输送机 9、 土压平衡舱隔板、 滑动 托架 25、 伸缩油缸 26、 推进油缸 16、 气压过渡舱 27、 前盾 13、 中盾 14、 后盾 15、 中盾隔板 32等组成。
在前盾 13的前边装有切削刀具 1,切削刀具由截割头 1 1和分布在上面 的截齿 12组成, 每个截割头 1 1与一个刀轴 2的一端固连, 刀轴 2的另一 端与动力传动装置相连; 动力传动装置由分动箱 5、分动箱 5相连的减速机 6和驱动马达 7组成。位于盾构机上半部的动力传动装置和位于盾构机下半 部的动力传动装置与其他部件的连接关系有所不同; 位于盾构机上半部的 动力传动装置中的分动箱 5的前端固定在土压平衡舱的活动隔板 30上, 与 分动箱 5相连的减速机 6和驱动马达 7由滑动装置支撑, 滑动装置的后边 与伸缩油缸 26相连; 本实施例中所述的滑动装置由滑动托架 25、 滑靴 24 和导轨 23所组成; 减速机 6和驱动马达 7固装在滑动托架 25上, 滑动托 架 25的下方设有滑靴 24, 它扣在导轨 23上, 导轨 23固定在中盾支撑台 3 3上,滑动托架 25的后方与伸缩油缸 26相连。所述的滑动装置也可采用在 导轨上开有槽, 滑动托架的支腿下端固装有与导轨上的槽形状相匹配的滑 块。
位于盾构机下半部的动力传动装置中的分动箱 5的前端固定在中盾支 撑板 10上, 而与分动箱 5相连减速机 6和驱动马达 7由支撑架 18支撑, 支撑架 18下端固定在中盾 14后端; 与装配在盾构机下部动力传动装置相 连的刀轴上装有螺旋集渣器 3,渣土输送机 9的入口位于螺旋集渣器 3的后 方; 该盾构机的土压平衡舱 4, 由前盾 13、 土压平衡舱活动隔板 30、 土压 平衡舱固定隔板 31和开挖面组成。 为了保护换刀作业人员的安全, 在中盾 隔板上设有止回阀 29。 为了减小掘进阻力, 截齿 12在截割头 11上呈螺旋 线排列;切削刀具 1在与前盾垂直的横截面上的投影呈矩阵式排列(见图 3 ), 图 3中的实线圆为截割头 11的正投影, 双点划线圆 19为截齿 12的最大半 径切削轨迹。 从图 3中可以看出, 切削刀具 1的切削轨迹基本上可以覆盖 隧道的整个开挖断面。
动力传动装置中的分动箱 5 的结构与洛阳雷斯达传动有限公司的产品 结构相同。 分动箱 5与刀轴 2可采用键连接或法兰盘连接也可采用其他的 连接方式。
土压平衡舱隔板由土压平衡舱活动隔板 30和土压平衡舱固定隔板 31 组成,土压平衡舱活动隔板 30通过螺栓与土压平衡舱固定隔板 31和前盾 1 3连接在一起。
实施例 2
本实施例为圆形无刀盘土压平衡盾构机, 用于开挖圆形断面隧道。 图 4 为该盾构机的左视图。
本实施例中驱动马达 7采用液压马达, 渣土输送机 9采用接力式可折 弯螺旋输送机; 其他结构及各部件的连接关系与实施例 1相同。
实施例 1中的驱动马达 7也可采用液压马达, 渣土输送机 9也可采用 接力式可折弯螺旋输送机。
实施例 2中的驱动马达 7也可采用电动机, 渣土输送机 9也可采用可 弯曲埋刮板输送机。
上述实施例中采用的分动箱 5为一分四结构, 即一个驱动马达 7可同 时驱动四个切削刀具 1旋转。 当然也可根据设计的需要选用一个驱动马达 同时驱动 2个切削刀具、 3个切削刀具、 5个切削刀具或其他数量的切削刀 具旋转。
本发明中的盾构机除可以制造成如实施例 1的矩形及如实施例 2的圆 形外, 还可采用相同的方法制造成多边形、 椭圆形等各种形状特异的盾构 机, 用于开挖各种断面形状的隧道。
装配在盾构机上的切削刀具的数量可根据开挖隧道断面的需要做选 择。
该无刀盘土压平衡盾构机的切削刀具勿需刀盘的支承, 所有刀具均由 动力传动装置直接驱动, 实现独立主动自转。
在工作时, 切削刀具 1的切削运动由切削刀具的旋转运动 (主运动) 和纵向进给运动组成。驱动马达 7通过减速机 6、分动箱 5带动刀轴 2及切 削刀具 1旋转。 分动箱 5的作用是使用较少的驱动马达 7同时带动较多的 切削刀具 1 旋转以节省空间, 解决动力传动装置空间布置拥挤的问题。 如 图 1和图 2所示。切削刀具 1的纵向进给运动是通过钢筋混凝土衬砌管片 1 7、 推进油缸 16实现的。 当推进油缸 16的活塞杆向后伸出, 即可顶推钢筋 混凝土管片 17。因为钢筋混凝土管片 17通过浆液的凝固与隧道洞壁固结在 一起, 因此它所提供的支反力可以迫使推进油缸 16带动整个盾体 (包括前 盾 13、 中盾 14和后盾 15 ) 向前推进, 同时带动切削刀具 1实现纵向进给 运动。
在盾构机工作过程中落入土压平衡舱 4底部的渣土通过盾构机下半部 分的刀轴 2上装有的螺旋集渣器 3被连续不断地推向后方至渣土输送机 9 的入口处, 以使排渣顺畅。
在隧道掘进的过程中, 当切削刀具磨损量超限时, 就应该进行切削刀 具的更换。 更换切削刀具时, 首先应将土压平衡舱 4内的渣土排空, 然后 松掉紧固螺栓 28, 使土压平衡舱活动隔板 30与固定隔板 31及前盾 13的 连接脱开, 通过伸缩油缸 26的回缩, 带动滑动托架 25和上半部分的驱动 装置以及切削刀具 1沿导轨向后移动一定的距离, 现场作业人员即可从活 动隔板 30和固定隔板 31之间的空隙进入到土压平衡舱 4内对刀具进行更 换。
为了保护换刀作业人员的安全, 根据开挖面的地质情况,通过止回阀 2 9向中盾隔板 32前方的密闭空间注入 0~3bar的压缩空气,用来平衡开挖面 的水土压力, 防止坍塌。 为了防止换刀、 维修作业人员患气压病, 不允许直接从高压环境进入 大气环境, 必须经过气压过渡舱 27的过渡。 作业人员进入气压过渡舱 27 后, 通过输入压缩空气对舱内空间进行升压, 当压力升到与中盾隔板 32前 方的气压相等时, 方可打开人闸 22, 安全地进入中盾隔板 32前方的空间。 当作业人员从中盾隔板 32前方的空间退入到气压过渡舱 27后, 必须待舱 内的气压缓慢地降到与大气压相等时, 作业人员才能从气压过渡舱 27内退 出。
为了安装和维修方便本发明中的固定及连接多采用螺栓, 如: 位于盾 构机上半部分的驱动马达 7、 减速机 6和分动箱 5之间是分别用螺栓连接, 分动箱 5的前端用螺栓固定在土压平衡舱的活动隔板 30上, 土压平衡舱活 动隔板 30通过紧固螺栓 28与前盾 13和土压平衡舱固定隔板 31相连。 减 速机 6和驱动马达 7通过螺栓与滑动托架 25相连。 滑动托架 25的后方通 过螺栓与伸缩油缸 26相连。

Claims

WO 2013/139069 权 利 要 求 书 PCT/CN2012/075054
1、 一种无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机, 包括切削刀具 (1 )、 刀轴 (2)、 螺 旋集渣器(3)、 土压平衡舱(4)、 分动箱(5)、 减速机(6)、 驱动马达 (7)、 渣土输送机 (9)、 土压平衡舱隔板、 滑动托架 (25)、 伸缩油缸 (26)、 推 进油缸 (16)、 气压过渡舱 (27)、 前盾 (13)、 中盾 (14)、 后盾 (15)、 中 盾隔板 (32) 组成; 其特征在于: 土压平衡舱隔板由土压平衡舱活动隔板 (30) 和土压平衡舱固定隔板 (31 ) 组成; 在前盾 (13) 的前边装有切削 刀具 (1 ), 切削刀具由截割头 (1 1 ) 和分布在上面的截齿 (12) 组成, 每 个截割头 (1 1 ) 与一个刀轴 (2) 的一端固连, 刀轴 (2) 的另一端与动力 传动装置相连; 动力传动装置由分动箱 (5) 以及与分动箱 (5) 相连的减 速机(6)和驱动马达 (7)组成; 位于盾构机上半部的动力传动装置中的分动 箱(5) 的前端固定在土压平衡舱的活动隔板 (30)上, 与分动箱(5)相连的 减速机 (6)和驱动马达 (7)由滑动装置支撑,滑动装置的后边与伸缩油缸 (26) 相连;
位于盾构机下半部的动力传动装置中的分动箱(5 ) 的前端固定在中盾 支撑板 (10) 上, 而与分动箱 (5 ) 相连的减速机 (6) 和驱动马达 (7)由支 撑架 (18 ) 支撑, 支撑架 (18 ) 下端固定在中盾 (14) 后端; 与装配在盾 构机下部动力传动装置相连的刀轴上装有螺旋集渣器(3 ),渣土输送机(9 ) 的入口位于螺旋集渣器 (3 ) 的后方; 在中盾隔板上设有止回阀 (29); 切 削刀具 (1 ) 在与前盾垂直的横截面上的投影呈矩阵式排列。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机, 其特征在于: 所 述的土压平衡舱活动隔板 (30)通过螺栓与土压平衡舱固定隔板(31 )和前盾 ( 13 ) 连接在一起。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机, 其特征在于: 所 述的滑动装置由滑动托架 (25)、 滑靴 (24)和导轨 (23)所组成; 减速机 (6)和驱 动马达 (7)固装在滑动托架 (25)上, 滑动托架 (25)的下方设有滑靴 (24), 它扣 在导轨 (23)上, 导轨 (23)固定在中盾支撑台 (33)上, 滑动托架 (25)的后方与伸 缩油缸 (26)相连。
PCT/CN2012/075054 2012-03-23 2012-05-03 无刀盘式土压平衡盾构机 WO2013139069A1 (zh)

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