WO2013134358A2

WO2013134358A2 - Cutting oil with vegetal oil

Info

Publication number: WO2013134358A2
Application number: PCT/US2013/029311
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ronaldo De Campos MELLES; Sergio Issao MIURA; Flavio Dantas FASSINI
Original assignee: Quaker Chemical Corporation
Priority date: 2012-03-07
Filing date: 2013-03-06
Publication date: 2013-09-12
Also published as: WO2013134358A3; US20130237464A1

Abstract

Methods and compositions relating to a cutting oil including vegetal oil such as Pinhao Manso vegetal oil, which may be applied to a metal such as aluminum or gray cast iron during milling, tapping, and/or drilling operations.

Description

CUTTING OIL WITH VEGETAL OIL

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority benefit from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/607,812, filed on March 7, 2012, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Cutting fluid is often used in abundance to cool and lubricate machining and grinding processes of metal. The use of cutting fluid generally aids in economy of tools and it becomes easier to keep tight tolerances and to maintain workpiece surface properties without damages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a cutting oil includes Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of at least about 30 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 40 wt% to about 70 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0004] In some embodiments, a cutting oil includes saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% of the cutting oil. In some embodiments, a cutting oil includes synthetic esters in an amount of about 5 wt% to about 20 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0005] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a method of metal processing includes applying a cutting oil to a metal, wherein the cutting oil includes Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of at least about 30 wt% of the cutting oil. In some embodiments, the metal is gray cast iron or aluminum. In some embodiments, the cutting oil is applied to a metal for milling, tapping, and/or drilling operations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The present invention relates to compositions and methods for use in the machining and grinding processes of metal alloys. In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a cutting oil composition including one or more vegetal oils, such as Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. [0007] Cutting Oil

[0008] In some embodiments, a cutting oil contains vegetal oil. In some embodiments, a cutting oil contains Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. Pinhao Manso vegetal oil may be produced by an extraction process of Pinhao Manso seeds. Pinhao Manso may be known by its scientific name of Jatropha curcas L., and is a member of botanical family Euphorbiaceae. Pinhao Manso may also be known as physic nut, purging nut, Barbado nut, Pinho-paraguaio, pinho-de-purga, pinho-de-cerca, purgante- de-cavalo, manduigau, mandubigua, figo-doinferno, purgueira, mandythygnaco, pinho cro, Pion, Pioncito, Piol, Higos del duende, Barbasco, Piones purgativos, Periyanasi (piro); Pin josh

(amahuaca); Wapawapaoshe (ese eja); Josho pionis y Huiso pionis (shipiboconibo), or Pea branco (portugus).

[0009] In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains one or more of the following acids or saturated or unsaturated oils: miristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains miristic acid in an amount of about 0.05 wt% to about 0.25 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt% to about 0.23 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.09 wt% to about 0.21 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt% to about 0.2 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.05 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.06 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.08 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.09 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 1 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.12 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.13 wt% the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.14 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.15 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.156 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.16 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.17 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.18 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.19 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.2 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.21 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.22 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.23 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.24 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 0.25 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

[0010] In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains palmitic acid in an amout of about 13.16 wt% to about 13.36 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.18 wt% to about 13.34 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.2 wt% to about 13.32 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.22 wt% to about 13.3 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.24 to about 13.28 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.16 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.18 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.2 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.22 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.24 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.26 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.265 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.28 wt% the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.3 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.32 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 13.34 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 13.36 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

[0011] In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains palmitoleic acid in an amount of about 0.67 wt% to about 0.87 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.69 wt% to about 0.85 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.71 wt% to about 0.83 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.73 wt% to about 0.81 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.75 to about 0.79 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.67 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.69 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.71 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.73 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.75 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.77 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.774 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.79 wt% the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.81 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.83 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.85 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 0.87 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

[0012] In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains stearic acid in an amount of about 6.5 wt% to about 6.7 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.52 wt% to about 6.68 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.54 wt% to about 6.66 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.56 wt% to about 6.64 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.58 to about 6.62 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.5 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.52 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.54 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.56 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.58 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.6 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.62 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.64 wt% the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.66 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 6.68 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 6.7 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

[0013] In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains oleic acid in an amount of about 39.3 wt% to about 41.3 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.5 wt% to about 41.1 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.7 wt% to about 40.9 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.9 wt% to about 40.7 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.1 to about 40.5 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.3 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.5 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.7 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.9 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.1 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.3 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.354 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.5 wt% the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.7 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 40.9 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 41.1 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 41.3 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

[0014] In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains linoleic acid in an amount of about 37.7 wt% to about 39.7 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 37.9 wt% to about 39.5 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.1 wt% to about 39.3 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.3 wt% to about 39.1 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.5 to about 38.9 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 37.7 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 37.9 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.1 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.3 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.5 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.695 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.7 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 38.9 wt% the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.1 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.3 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 39.5 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 39.7 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

[0015] In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil contains linolenic acid in an amount of about 0.05 wt% to about 0.25 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt% to about 0.23 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.09 wt% to about 0.21 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt% to about 0.2 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.05 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.06 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.07 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.08 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.09 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.1 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.11 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.12 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.13 wt% the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.14 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.15 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.156 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.16 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.17 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.18 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.19 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.2 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.21 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.22 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.23 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; about 0.24 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil; or about 0.25 wt% of the Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

[0016] In one embodiment, Pinhao Manso oil exhibits the following gas chromatography results:

[0017] In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil exhibits a yellow to amber color with a clear to slightly hazy appearance. In some embodiments, Pinhao Manso vegetal oil has a density (20/4°C) of about 0.905 to about 0.935, or about 0.918; a flash point of about 290°C or greater, or about 304°C; a saponification value of about 180 mgKOH/g to about 210 mgKOH/g, or about 192.7 mgKOH/g; and/or a Karl Fischer water content of about 0.15% to about 0.3%, or about 0.22%.

[0018] In some embodiments, a cutting oil contains Pinhao Manso oil in an amount of about 20 wt% of the cutting oil; about 25 wt% of the cutting oil; about 30 wt%; of the cutting oil; about 35 wt% of the cutting oil; about 40 wt% of the cutting oil; about 45 wt% of the cutting oil; about 50 wt% of the cutting oil; about 55 wt% of the cutting oil; about 60 wt% of the cutting oil; about 65 wt% of the cutting oil; about 70 wt% of the cutting oil; about 75 wt% of the cutting oil; about 80 wt% of the cutting oil; about 85 wt% of the cutting oil; about 90 wt% of the cutting oil; about 95 wt% of the cutting oil; about 100 wt% of the cutting oil; about 20 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 25 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 30 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 35 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 40 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 45 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 50 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 55 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 60 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 65 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 70 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 75 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 80 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 85 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; about 90 wt% or greater of the cutting oil; or about 95 wt% or greater of the cutting oil. [0019] Cutting oils of the present invention may also contain other vegetal oils as well as conventional cutting oil components. In some embodiments, cutting oils may include synthetic esters, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (Cj₂-C₂₂), carboxylic acid, water, sulfonates, alcohols, glycol ethers, polyglycols, amines, biocides, corrosion inhibitor, EP additives, and/or defoamers.

[0020] In some embodiments, suitable synthetic esters may include but are not limited to TMP oleate ester and NPG-oleate ester. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain synthetic ester in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 30 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% to about 25 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% to about 20 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 11 wt% of the cutting oil; about 12 wt% of the cutting oil; about 13 wt% of the cutting oil; about 14 wt% of the cutting oil; about 15 wt% of the cutting oil; about 16 wt% of the cutting oil; about 17 wt% of the cutting oil; about 18 wt% of the cutting oil; about 19 wt% of the cutting oil; about 20 wt% of the cutting oil; about 21 wt% of the cutting oil; about 22 wt% of the cutting oil; about 23 wt% of the cutting oil; about 24 wt% of the cutting oil; about 25 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 30 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0021] In some embodiments, suitable saturated or unsaturated fatty acids may include but are not limited to (Z)-docos-13-enoic acid; (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid; octanoic acid; and/or (9Z,12i?)-12- hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid. In some embodiments, a cutting oil includes saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (Ci -C₂₂) in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 40 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% to about 38 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% to about 36 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% to about 34 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% to about 32 wt% of the cutting oil; about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 12 wt% of the cutting oil; about 14 wt% of the cutting oil; about 16 wt% of the cutting oil; about 18 wt% of the cutting oil; about 20 wt% of the cutting oil; about 22 wt% of the cutting oil; about 24 wt% of the cutting oil; about 26 wt% of the cutting oil; about 28 wt% of the cutting oil; about 30 wt% of the cutting oil; about 32 wt% of the cutting oil; about 34 wt% of the cutting oil; about 36 wt% of the cutting oil; about 38 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 40 wt% of the cutting oil. [0022] In some embodiments, suitable carboxylic acids may include but are not limited to 1,12- dodecanedioic Acid; decamethylenedicarboxylic acid; and/or undecanedioic acid. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain carboxylic acids in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% to about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% to about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% to about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% to about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0023] In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain water in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% to about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% to about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% to about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt% to about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2.5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0024] In some embodiments, suitable sulfonates may include but are not limited to neutral sodium sulphonate. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain sulfonates in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 30 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% to about 25 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% to about 20 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 12 wt% of the cutting oil; about 13 wt% of the cutting oil; about 14 wt% of the cutting oil; about 15 wt% of the cutting oil; about 16 wt% of the cutting oil; about 17 wt% of the cutting oil; about 18 wt% of the cutting oil; about 19 wt% of the cutting oil; about 20 wt% of the cutting oil; about 21 wt% of the cutting oil; about 22 wt% of the cutting oil; about 23 wt% of the cutting oil; about 24 wt% of the cutting oil; about 25 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 30 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0025] In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain alcohol in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% to about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% to about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% to about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% to about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0026] In some embodiments, suitable glycol ethers may include but are not limited to propylene glycol phenyl ether; ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; and/or ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain glycol ethers in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% to about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% to about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% to about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt% to about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0027] In some embodiments, suitable polyglycols may include but are not limited to 2- methyloxirane; and/or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain polyglycol in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% to about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% to about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% to about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt% to about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0028] In some embodiments, suitable amines may include but are not limited to n- cyclohexylcyclohexanamine; triethanolamine; and/or methyl diethanolamine. In some

embodiments, a cutting oil may contain amines in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 30 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% to about 25 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% to about 20 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 11 wt% of the cutting oil; about 12 wt% of the cutting oil; about 13 wt% of the cutting oil; about 14 wt% of the cutting oil; about 15 wt% of the cutting oil; about 16 t% of the cutting oil; about 17 wt% of the cutting oil; about 18 wt% of the cutting oil; about 19 wt% of the cutting oil; about 20 wt% of the cutting oil; about 21 wt% of the cutting oil; about 22 wt% of the cutting oil; about 23 wt% of the cutting oil; about 24 wt% of the cutting oil; about 25 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 30 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0029] In some embodiments, suitable biocides may include but are not limited to methylene-bis- morpholine; and/or l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain biocide in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% to about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% to about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% to about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt% to about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0030] In some embodiments, suitable corrosion inhibitors may include but are not limited to \H- benzotriazol; and/or 1,2,3-benzotriazol. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain corrosion inhibitors in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% to about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% to about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% to about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% to about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0031] In some embodiments, suitable EP additives may include but are not limited to

polysulfides, di-tert-dodecyl polysulfide, di-tert-nonyl polysulfide, di-tert-dodecyl disulfide, and/or di-tert-butyl polysulfide. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain EP additives in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% to about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% to about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% to about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; ; about 0.8 wt% to about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% to about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 9 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 10 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0032] In some embodiments, suitable defoamers may include but are not limited to

polydimethylsiloxanes, polypropylene glycol copolymers, polyethylene glycol, fatty acid soaps, and/or siloxanes. In some embodiments, a cutting oil may contain defoamer in an amount of about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.02 wt% to about 0.9 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.04 wt% to about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.06 wt% to about 0.7 wt% of the cutting oil; ; about 0.08 wt% to about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.01 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.02 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.04 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.06 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.08 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.1 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.2 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.3 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.4 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.5 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.6 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.7 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.8 wt% of the cutting oil; about 0.9 wt% of the cutting oil; or about 1 wt% of the cutting oil.

[0033] In some embodiments, a cutting oil is formulated as follows: Component Wt%

Pinhao Manso Oil 40 - 70

Synthetic Esters 5 - 20

Saturated Unsaturated fatty acids (C₁₂-C22) 10 - 30

Sulfonates 5 - 20

Alcohols 1 - 5

Polyglycols 1 - 5

Amines 10 - 30

Biocides 1 - 5

Defoamers 0.1 - 0.5

[0034] Application

[0035] Cutting oils of embodiments of the present invention may be used in conventional methods for cuttings oils, lubricants, and coolants in metal machining and grinding processes. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention are applied in machining and grinding processes of metals. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention are applied in machining and grinding processes of metal alloys. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention are applied in machining and grinding processes of aluminum metal alloys. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention are applied for milling, drilling, and/or tapping.

[0036] In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention exhibit enhanced lubricity. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention containing Pinhao Manso vegetal oil exhibit enhanced lubricity as compared to cutting oils containing other vegetal oils but not Pinhao Manso vegetal oil. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention may provide a decrease in tool consumption during the machining and grinding process of metals, metal alloys and aluminum metal alloys. For example, in one embodiment, use of a cutting oil of the present invention results in at least 20% less tool consumption in the metal machining and grinding process than other vegetal based oils and premium oils. In one embodiment, use of a cutting oil of the present invention including Pinhao Manso vegetal oil results in at least 20% less tool consumption in the metal machining and grinding process for aeronautic aluminum and cast iron than other vegetal based oils and premium oils.

[0037] In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention may be advantageous over conventional cutting oils because cutting oils of the present invention may be environmentally friendly; they are easier to discharge as compared to cutting oils containing large amounts of mineral oils, and may be produced from a renewable raw material such as Pinhao Manso seeds. In some embodiments, cutting oils of the present invention containing Pinhao Manso vegetal oil may be less expensive than other types of vegetal oils useful in cutting oil manufacturing.

[0038] In some embodiments, a cutting oil of the present invention which includes Pinhao Manso oil removes more volume than conventional cutting oils in milling operations. In some

embodiments, a Pinhao Manso cutting oil removes about 20 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 25 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 30 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 35 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 40 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 45 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 50 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 55 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 60 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 65 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 70 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 75 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 80 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 85 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 90 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 95 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; about 100 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling; or more than about 100 wt% more than conventional cutting oils in aluminum milling.

EXAMPLES

[0039] The following examples, wherein all parts, percentages, and ratios are by weight, and all temperatures are in °F unless indicated to the contrary, illustrate some embodiments of the present invention: [0040] Example 1

[0041] A cutting oil was prepared according to the following formulation:

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 was applied during milling of aluminum, with a spindle velocity of 16000 rpm, a vc of 603 m/min and an fz of 0.05 mm/tooth. Several other cutting oils were applied under the same conditions as a comparison. The cutting oils produced the following results:

[0044] The results show that the Pinhao Manso cutting oil removed 50% more volume than the next best cutting oil, and more than 100% more than the average of the other tested cutting oil products. [0045] Example 3

[0046] A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 was applied during tapping of aluminum, with a spindle velocity of 12000 rpm and the following conditions:

[0047] The process resulted in a total number of threads of 1250. [0048] Example 4

[0049] A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 was applied during drilling of gray cast iron. The drilling operation was run at a spindle velocity of 12000 rpm and the following conditions:

[0050] Several other cutting oils were applied under the same conditions as a comparison. The cutting oils produced the following results: [0051]

[0052] The results show that the Pinhao Manso cutting oil resulted in higher number of holes for Conditions 1 and 4 than the 2nd place cutting oil, and a higher number of holes for all four conditions than the 3rd place product.

[0053] Example 5

[0054] A Pinhao Manso cutting oil according to the formulation of Example 1 was applied during tapping of gray cast iron, with a spindle velocity of 12000 rpm and the following conditions:

[0055] The process resulted in a total number of threads of 300.

[0056] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the exemplary embodiments shown and described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and described, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. For example, specific features of the exemplary embodiments may or may not be part of the claimed invention and features of the disclosed embodiments may be combined. [0100] It is to be understood that at least some of the figures and descriptions of the invention have been simplified to focus on elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the invention, while eliminating, for purposes of clarity, other elements that those of ordinary skill in art will appreciate may also comprise a portion of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS We claim:

1. A cutting oil comprising Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of at least about 30 wt% of the cutting oil.

2. The cutting oil of claim 1, wherein the cutting oil comprises about 40 wt% to about 70 wt% Pinhao Manso vegetal oil.

3. The cutting oil of claim 1, comprising synthetic esters in an amount of about 5 wt% to about 20 wt% of the cutting oil.

4. The cutting oil of claim 1, comprising saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% of the cutting oil.

5. A method of metal processing, comprising: applying a cutting oil to a metal, wherein the cutting oil comprises Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of at least about 30 wt% of the cutting oil.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the cutting oil comprises Pinhao Manso vegetal oil in an amount of about 40 wt% to about 70 wt% of the cutting oil.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the cutting oil is applied to a metal for milling, tapping, and/or drilling operations.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the metal is aluminum.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the metal is gray cast iron.