WO2013127341A1 - 一种基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013127341A1
WO2013127341A1 PCT/CN2013/071951 CN2013071951W WO2013127341A1 WO 2013127341 A1 WO2013127341 A1 WO 2013127341A1 CN 2013071951 W CN2013071951 W CN 2013071951W WO 2013127341 A1 WO2013127341 A1 WO 2013127341A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
list
available
spectrum
base station
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PCT/CN2013/071951
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苗婷
李岩
刘星
王斌
周栋
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority to US14/381,278 priority Critical patent/US9345002B2/en
Priority to EP13754233.8A priority patent/EP2822311B1/en
Publication of WO2013127341A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013127341A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
    • H04W16/10—Dynamic resource partitioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication and cognitive radio technologies, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for dynamic spectrum allocation based on channel management. Background technique
  • a cognitive wireless communication device can use a licensed frequency band in an "opportunistic" manner, which of course must be established without interfering with authorized users.
  • the earth has increased spectrum utilization and addressed the contradiction between the growing demand for wireless services and the depletion of spectrum resources.
  • the CR technology breaks the spectrum fixed allocation system in the traditional sense, dynamically allocates spectrum between systems, and improves the efficiency of spectrum utilization.
  • dynamic spectrum allocation technology has become a research hotspot.
  • REM Radio Environment Maps
  • RSRP Reference Signal Receiving Power
  • RSRQ Reference Signal Receiving Quality
  • IoS Quality of Service
  • CR can also "opportunistically" use the channel that the main system (ie TV broadcast system) does not use at a specific time and location, ie TVWS, Television White Space
  • the transmitter of the secondary system of the primary system idle spectrum is usually used to The distance covered by the main system is greater than a certain value, which is the protection distance between the primary system and the secondary system.
  • DB Database
  • CCP Central Control Point
  • base station a base station
  • the database contains the spectrum information occupied by the primary user, the spectrum information not used by the primary user, and the spectrum information not allowed;
  • the central control node is used to manage the access of its subordinate nodes to the TVWS, and coordinate the allocation of the TVWS spectrum in its subordinate nodes.
  • the central control node is fixedly connected to the database to obtain TVWS spectrum information, and is fixed or wirelessly connected to the base station;
  • the base station is a base station with reconfiguration and cognitive functions, and can change or adjust parameters of the wireless communication technology (such as modulation type, transmission) Power, etc., manage and maintain the working spectrum (such as working frequency and bandwidth), with spectrum cognitive function and cognitive data processing capability.
  • the dynamic spectrum allocation technology generally requires the base station that needs to apply for the spectrum resource to apply for the spectrum resource to the central control node, and the central control node requests the spectrum to be allocated to the database, and then the central control node according to the requested spectrum resource and its subordinates Node spectrum usage coordinates the allocation of spectrum resources.
  • the central control node accesses the database and allocates the spectrum to the base station applying for the spectrum resource according to the spectrum usage of the subordinate node, each time the base station that needs to apply for the spectrum resource sends the spectrum resource request, the process is coordinated. It takes a certain amount of time to delay the allocation of spectrum resources, which causes delays in the reconfiguration of spectrum resources.
  • a method of managing a channel is proposed in the IEEE 802.22 WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Networks) protocol, which lists a list of available channels (ie, a channel that can be used by the secondary system provided by the database based on the location of the secondary system).
  • the set is divided into six types of channel sets: channel set, working channel set, backup channel set, candidate channel set, protected channel set, unclassified channel are not allowed.
  • the channel is not allowed to refer to a channel that is not allowed to be used by the secondary system due to service requirements or local regulations;
  • the working channel refers to a base station (BS, Base Station) and a customer premise equipment (CPEs) in the WRAN cell area.
  • BS Base Station
  • CPEs customer premise equipment
  • the current channel of communication refers to the channel that can immediately become the working channel when needed; the candidate channel refers to the channel that can be changed to the backup channel (the possibility of becoming a backup channel by perceptual evaluation); the protected channel finger is detected
  • a channel being used by an authorized user or a WRAN user; an unclassified channel refers to a channel that is not perceived, and may be determined as a candidate or protected channel based on the perceived result.
  • Different channel sets have different sensing periods. By defining a channel set, when the secondary system needs spectrum, the channel is selected from the backup channel set, so that the secondary system uses the unused spectrum of the primary system without disturbing the primary system.
  • the channel classification method considers the occupancy state of the channel, regulatory restrictions, and channel quality conditions.
  • the requirements for the spectrum are also different, for example, the secondary system performs transmission parameters, service QoS, and the like.
  • the requirements are different, and the requirements for the spectrum are different.
  • the natural isolation in the wireless environment of the secondary system such as the high-rise buildings or mountains at the edge of the coverage of a secondary system base station, also affects the spectrum of the secondary system. select.
  • the management of this channel set does not take into account these factors, which affects the quality of the service after reconfiguration and may even lead to reconfiguration failure.
  • the present invention proposes a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management. Summary of the invention
  • the main purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a dynamic spectrum allocation method and apparatus based on channel management, which is used to solve the problem of large delay of spectrum allocation in spectrum resource reconfiguration, overall performance and spectrum of spectrum resource reconfiguration. Take advantage of inefficient technical issues.
  • a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management comprising:
  • the network node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and channel classification information, and maintains and updates the channel set;
  • the network node selects the spectrum from the channel set and performs spectrum allocation.
  • the network node is a base station or a central control node; when the network node is medium
  • the central control node selects and allocates a spectrum from the channel set for the base station.
  • the list of available channels is obtained by the network node from a database for storing information about the primary user related spectrum.
  • the channel classification information includes one or more of the following: channel quality status, channel idle time, channel transmission parameter limitation, channel geographical isolation, channel spectral frequency.
  • the channel quality condition is an amount that reflects the quality of the useful signal received by the receiver when the secondary system uses the primary system idle spectrum.
  • the channel idle time is the length of time between a specific time and when the channel is re-occupied by the primary system.
  • the channel transmission parameter limits include one or more of the following: a maximum transmit power limit, an adjacent channel leakage ratio limit, a spurious emission limit, and a maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel.
  • the channel geographic isolation is the distance between the natural isolation and/or the secondary system transmitter and the coverage edge of the primary system present in the wireless environment.
  • the channel spectral frequency is a channel spectrum start frequency, a termination frequency, or a center frequency.
  • the generating the channel set according to the available channel list and the channel classification information specifically: generating a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel quality condition, and dividing the channel quality status into N ranges, where N is a positive integer, according to the available channel.
  • the range to which the channel quality condition in the list belongs divides the available channel list into N channel sets; or
  • Generating a channel set according to the available channel list and channel geographic isolation dividing the channel geographic isolation into N ranges, and dividing the available channel list into N channel sets according to the range of channel geographic isolation in the available channel list; or Generating a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter limitation, and dividing one of the channel transmission parameter limits into N ranges, where N is a positive integer, according to the range of the corresponding item in the channel transmission parameter restriction in the available channel list. Divide the list of available channels into N channel sets; or
  • the item or multiple generates N channel sets, and N is a positive integer.
  • each base station corresponds to N channel sets.
  • the generating a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel classification information specifically: generating a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel quality condition, and dividing the channel quality status into two ranges, that is, determining a channel quality threshold, Channels in the available channel list whose channel quality is less than the threshold constitute channel set 1 , and channels greater than or equal to the threshold constitute channel set 2; or generate a channel set according to available channel list and channel idle time, and divide channel idle time into 2 a range, that is, determining a channel idle time threshold, a channel having a channel idle time less than the threshold in the available channel list constitutes a channel set 1, and a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes a channel set 2; or
  • a threshold is determined for each of the two or more of the plurality of items, and the threshold combination of any two or more of the thresholds is obtained, which will be in the list of available channels belonging to the same threshold combination.
  • the channels form a channel set.
  • the method further comprises: the network node prioritizing the channels in the channel set according to the channel quality condition and/or the priority of the channel concentration of the neighboring base station channels.
  • the network node selects a spectrum from a channel set and performs spectrum allocation, specifically:
  • the channel is selected from the channel set that meets the channel idle time requirement according to the requirement of the channel idle time of the base station;
  • the channel When the channel set is generated according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter limitation, the channel is selected from the channel set that meets the channel transmission parameter limitation requirements according to the requirements of the base station for the channel transmission parameter; when the channel set is generated according to the available channel list and the channel geographic isolation According to the requirement of the geographical isolation of the channel by the base station, the channel is selected from the channel set that meets the channel geographical isolation requirement; When the channel set is generated according to the available channel list and the channel spectrum frequency, the channel is selected from the channel set that meets the channel spectrum frequency requirement according to the requirements of the channel spectrum frequency of the base station;
  • the channel is selected from the channel set that meets the requirements of the base station according to the requirements of the base station for any two or more of the requirements.
  • a dynamic spectrum allocation device based on channel management comprising:
  • a channel set generating module configured to generate a channel set according to the available channel list and channel classification information, and maintain and update the channel set
  • a spectrum allocation module configured to select a spectrum from a channel set and perform spectrum allocation.
  • the device is located at a base station or a central control node.
  • the channel classification information according to the channel set generation module includes one or more of the following: channel quality status, channel idle time, channel transmission parameter limitation, channel geographic isolation, channel spectrum frequency.
  • the channel quality condition is an amount capable of reflecting the quality of the useful signal received by the receiver when the secondary system uses the idle spectrum of the primary system;
  • the channel idle time is the length of time from a specific time until the channel is re-occupied by the primary system
  • the channel transmission parameter limitation includes one or more of the following: a maximum transmit power limit, an adjacent channel leakage ratio limit, a spurious emission limit, and a maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel;
  • the channel geographic isolation is the distance between the natural isolation and/or the secondary system transmitter and the coverage edge of the primary system present in the wireless environment;
  • the channel spectral frequency is a channel spectrum start frequency, a termination frequency, or a center frequency.
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel list and a channel quality condition according to an available channel list.
  • a channel set and the channel set generation module is further configured to divide the channel quality status into N ranges, and divide the available channel list into N channel sets according to a range to which the channel quality condition in the available channel list belongs; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel idle time, and the channel set generation module is further configured to divide the channel idle time into N ranges, and according to the channel idle time in the available channel list.
  • the range divides the list of available channels into N channel sets; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel geographic isolation, and the channel set generation module is further configured to divide the channel geographic isolation into N ranges, and according to channel geographic isolation in the available channel list.
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter limitation, and the channel set generation module is further configured to divide one of the channel transmission parameter restrictions into N ranges, according to the available channel list.
  • the range to which the corresponding item belongs in the channel transmission parameter limit divides the available channel list into N channel sets; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel spectrum frequency, and the channel set generation module is further configured to divide the channel spectrum frequency into N ranges, according to a range to which the channel spectrum frequency in the available channel list belongs.
  • the available channel list is divided into N channel sets; or
  • the channel set generation module according to the available channel list, and channel quality status, channel idle time, maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation, spurious emission limitation, maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel, channel geographic isolation, channel Generating N channel sets by any two or more of the spectral frequencies;
  • the N is a positive integer, and preferably, each base station corresponds to N channel sets.
  • the channel set generation module generates a message according to an available channel list and a channel quality condition.
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel idle time, and divides the channel idle time into two ranges, that is, determines a channel idle time threshold, and the channel list in the available channel list is smaller than the threshold.
  • Channel set 1 a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes channel set 2; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter limitation, and divides one of the channel transmission parameter limits into two ranges, that is, determines a threshold of a corresponding item in a channel transmission parameter limit, and the available channel a channel in which the corresponding item in the channel transmission parameter limit in the list is smaller than the threshold constitutes channel set 1, and a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes channel set 2; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel geographic isolation, and divides the channel geographic isolation into two ranges, that is, determines a channel geographic isolation threshold, and the channel geographical isolation in the available channel list is less than the The channel of the threshold constitutes channel set 1, and the channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes channel set 2; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel spectrum frequency, and divides the channel spectrum frequency into two ranges, that is, determines a channel spectrum frequency threshold, and the channel spectrum frequency in the available channel list is smaller than the threshold.
  • Channel set 1 a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes channel set 2; or
  • the channel set generation module according to the available channel list, and channel quality status, channel idle time, maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation, spurious emission limitation, maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel, channel geographic isolation, channel Generating a channel set for any two or more of the spectral frequencies, determining a threshold for each of the two or more of the plurality of parameters, obtaining a threshold combination of any two or more of the thresholds, and belonging to the same threshold combination List of available channels
  • the channels in the channel form a channel set.
  • the channel set generating module is further configured to prioritize channels in the channel set according to channel quality conditions and/or priorities of channels of the neighboring base station channels.
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from the channel set that meets the channel quality requirement according to the channel quality requirement of the base station;
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from a channel set that meets the channel idle time requirement according to the requirement of the channel idle time of the base station;
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from a channel set that meets a channel transmission parameter limitation requirement according to a base station's requirement for a channel transmission parameter;
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from a channel set that meets the channel geographic isolation requirement according to the base station's requirement for channel geographic isolation;
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from a channel set that meets the channel spectrum frequency requirement according to the requirements of the base station for the channel spectrum frequency;
  • the channel set generation module is based on the available channel list, and channel quality conditions, channel idle time, maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation, spurious emission limitation, maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel, channel transmission parameter limitation,
  • the channel is selected from the channel set that meets the requirements of the base station according to the requirements of the base station for any two or more of the requirements.
  • a channel management-based dynamic spectrum allocation method systematically describes a method for generating and updating a channel set in a cognitive radio system and a method for dynamically allocating a spectrum,
  • the invention can reduce the delay of the spectrum resource reconfiguration of the cognitive radio system, improve the overall performance of the spectrum resource reconfiguration, and improve the spectrum utilization efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of Embodiment 1 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 2 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 3 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 4 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 5 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the basic idea of the embodiment of the present invention is to generate and maintain an update channel set by a network node, and select a spectrum allocation from a channel set to a base station, thereby reducing the delay of spectrum allocation, improving the overall performance of spectrum resource reconfiguration, and improving spectrum utilization. effectiveness.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention, where the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 201 The network node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and channel classification information, and maintains and updates the channel set.
  • the network node includes any one of the following: a base station, a central control node; Wherein, the available channel list is obtained by the network node from a database for storing relevant user-related spectrum information;
  • the available channel list obtaining method may be as follows:
  • the base station When the network node is a base station, the base station provides the upper-layer node (the central control node) with the geographical location information of the base station and the identification information of the base station. (Based on the identification information of the base station, the radio frequency requirement of the base station, such as the minimum transmit power, the band, can be known. External radiation, spurious radiation, the upper node of the base station sends the geographical location information provided by the base station and the identification information of the base station, and/or the identifier of the upper node to the database, and the database is calculated according to the geographical location of the base station and the identification information of the base station.
  • the radio frequency requirement of the base station such as the minimum transmit power, the band
  • the base station When the network node is a base station, the base station provides the geographic location information of the base station to its upper node (the central control node), and the upper node of the base station sends the geographical location information provided by the base station and/or the identifier of the upper node to the database together.
  • the database feeds back the available channel list of the base station to the upper node of the base station according to the geographic location of the base station, and then the upper node of the base station obtains the available channel list of the base station according to the available channel list obtained from the database and the available channel list of other subordinate base stations, and sends the list of available channels of the base station to the base station.
  • the base station, the base station selects, according to its own radio frequency requirement, a list of available channels that meet its own requirements from the list of available channels;
  • the base station When the network node is the central control node, the base station provides the upper-layer node (the central control node) with the geographical location information of the base station and the identification information of the base station. (Based on the identification information of the base station, the radio frequency requirement of the base station, such as the minimum transmit power, can be known.
  • the outband node of the base station sends the geographical location information provided by the base station and the identification information of the base station and/or the identifier of the upper node to the database, and the database is based on the geographical location of the base station and the identification information of the base station.
  • the base station provides the upper-layer node (the central control node) with the geographical location information of the base station and the identification information of the base station. (Based on the identification information of the base station, the radio frequency requirement of the base station, such as the minimum transmit power, can be known.
  • the outband node of the base station sends the geographical location information of the base station and/or the identifier of the upper node together to the database, and the database feeds back the available channel list of the base station to the upper node of the base station according to the geographical location of the base station.
  • the upper node of the base station obtains the available channel list of the base station according to the available channel list obtained from the database and the available channel list of the other base stations, and finally the upper node of the base station selects the list of available channels from the list of available channels according to the radio frequency requirement of the base station. A list of available channels.
  • the channel classification information includes one or more of the following: channel quality status, channel idle time, channel transmission parameter limitation, channel geographic isolation, channel spectrum frequency;
  • the channel quality condition refers to an amount capable of reflecting the quality of the useful signal received by the receiver when the secondary system uses the idle spectrum of the primary system, and the network node may obtain the channel quality status through measurement by the secondary device, or may acquire the channel from the REM information.
  • Quality status, channel quality status can be characterized by channel performance indicators, such as signal to noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate, etc.
  • Channel idle time refers to the channel from the time to the channel is the main system The length of time between re-occupation, the network node may use a statistical method to estimate the channel idle time according to the record of the previous channel idle time, and may also obtain the channel idle time from the database;
  • the channel transmission parameter limitation includes one or more of the following Limitations: Maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage ratio limit, spurious emission limits, maximum interference level limits allowed by the channel;
  • Channel geographic isolation refers to natural isolation and/or secondary system transmitters and primary systems present in the wireless environment Covering the distance between the edges, the network section Acquiring geographical isolation of the channel from a database or REM radio environment map information;
  • channel spectrum frequency spectrum refers to the channel start frequency, stop frequency or center frequency, the network node obtains the frequency spectrum channel from a database;
  • the maximum transmit power limit, the adjacent channel leakage ratio limit, and the spurious emission limit are Refers to the upper limit of the radio frequency parameters (ie, the corresponding maximum transmit power, adjacent channel leakage ratio, spurious radiation) of the secondary system when the secondary system uses the primary system idle channel, the maximum transmit power limit, the adjacent channel leakage ratio limit,
  • the spurious emission limitation can be calculated by the database, the network node obtains from the database, or can be calculated by the network node;
  • the maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel refers to the interference that the primary system can tolerate when the secondary system uses the primary system idle channel.
  • the network node generates a channel set, specifically: when generating a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel quality condition, dividing the channel quality status into N ranges (N is a positive integer), according to the channel quality in the available channel list.
  • the range to which the condition belongs divides the available channel list into N channel sets; when the channel set is generated according to the available channel list and the channel idle time, the channel idle time is divided into N ranges, according to the channel idle time in the available channel list.
  • the range divides the available channel list into N channel sets; when the channel set is generated according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter limit, one of the channel transmission parameter limits is divided into N ranges, according to the available channel list
  • the range corresponding to the corresponding item in the channel transmission parameter limitation (ie, the item divided into N ranges) is divided into N channel sets by the available channel list; when the channel set is generated according to the available channel list and channel geographic isolation, the channel is Geographic isolation is divided into N ranges, according to the channel geography in the list of available channels
  • the range to which the degree of deviation belongs divides the available channel list into N channel sets; when the channel set is generated according to the available channel list and the channel spectrum frequency, the available channel list is divided into N channels according to the range to which the channel spectrum frequency in the available channel list belongs.
  • the channel quality status may also be based on the available channel list, and the channel quality status, channel idle time, maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation, spurious emission limitation, maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel, channel geographical isolation, channel Generating N channel sets by any two or more of the spectral frequencies;
  • the channel quality status is divided into one range, that is, one channel quality threshold is determined, and the channel quality in the available channel list is smaller than the threshold. 1 , a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes a channel set 2;
  • the channel idle time is divided into two ranges, that is, a channel idle time threshold is determined, and the channel idle time in the available channel list is smaller than the threshold.
  • Channel set 1 a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes a channel set 2;
  • one of the channel transmission parameter restrictions is divided into two ranges, that is, a threshold of a corresponding item in a channel transmission parameter restriction is determined, and the available channel is determined.
  • a channel in the list whose channel transmission parameter limit is smaller than the threshold constitutes a channel set 1
  • a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes a channel set 2;
  • dividing the channel geographical isolation into two ranges that is, determining a channel geographic isolation threshold, wherein the channels in the available channel list having a channel geographical isolation smaller than the threshold constitute channel set 1, and the channel composition is greater than or equal to the threshold.
  • Channel set 2 is dividing the channel geographical isolation into two ranges, that is, determining a channel geographic isolation threshold, wherein the channels in the available channel list having a channel geographical isolation smaller than the threshold constitute channel set 1, and the channel composition is greater than or equal to the threshold.
  • the channel spectrum frequency is divided into two ranges, that is, a channel spectral frequency threshold is determined, and the channel spectrum frequency in the available channel list is smaller than the threshold.
  • Channel set 1 a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes a channel set 2;
  • channel idle time maximum transmit power limit
  • adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation spurious emission limitation
  • maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel channel geographic isolation
  • channel spectral frequency when any two or more of the sets of channels are generated, a threshold is determined for each of the two or more items, and a threshold combination of any two or more of the thresholds is obtained, which will belong to the same threshold combination.
  • the channels form a channel set.
  • the network node may also prioritize the channels in the channel set according to the channel quality conditions and/or the priorities of the adjacent base station channel concentration channels.
  • the maintenance and update channel set is specifically: the network node periodically or event-triggered to maintain the update channel according to the spectrum sensing measurement result, and/or the database information, and/or the REM information, and/or the supervision domain command. Including removing a channel that does not satisfy the channel set condition from the channel set, or adding a channel that satisfies the channel set condition to the channel set;
  • the supervisory domain command refers to the command sent by the supervisory domain to the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • the supervisory domain temporarily plans to reserve one or some frequency bands for a specific service, or because of local regulations, it does not allow cognition.
  • the regulatory domain needs to send a command to the cognitive system to notify the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • Step 202 The network node selects a spectrum from the channel set and performs spectrum allocation.
  • the event that triggers the spectrum allocation includes one or more of the following situations:
  • the primary user appears on the idle spectrum of the primary system being used by the CR system, and the CR system uses the idle spectrum of the primary system to cause interference to the primary user, and receives the designated domain of the regulatory domain.
  • the exit spectrum is the command of the primary system idle spectrum that the CR system is using.
  • the current load of the CR system is heavy or the communication quality is poor.
  • the method for allocating the spectrum by the network node is specifically: when the network node is a base station, when generating a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel quality condition, the base station obtains the channel quality according to the requirements of the channel quality.
  • the channel of the quality requirement channel selects the channel; when the channel set is generated according to the available channel list and the channel idle time, the base station selects the channel from the channel set that meets the channel idle time requirement according to the requirement of the channel idle time; when according to the available channel list and When the channel transmission parameter is limited to generate the channel set, the base station selects the channel from the channel set that meets the channel transmission parameter limitation requirement according to the requirements of the channel transmission parameter; when generating the channel set according to the available channel list and the channel geographic isolation, the base station according to the self For channel geospatial requirements, select channels from a set of channels that meet the channel geographic isolation requirements; When the channel set and the channel spectrum frequency are used to generate the channel set, the base station selects the channel from the channel set that meets the channel spectrum frequency requirement according to the requirements of the channel spectrum frequency; when according to the available channel list, and the channel quality condition, the channel idle time, the maximum When generating a channel set by any two or more of the transmit power limit, the adjacent channel leakage ratio limit, the spurious emission limit
  • the method for the network node to allocate the spectrum is specifically: when the network node is the central control node, when generating the channel set according to the available channel list and the channel quality condition, the base station according to the channel quality requirement to the center The control node applies for the spectrum, and the central control node selects a channel from the channel set that meets the channel quality requirement to the base station; when generating the channel set according to the available channel list and the channel idle time, the base station applies to the central control node according to its own requirement for the channel idle time.
  • the central control node selects a channel from the channel set that meets the channel idle time requirement, and allocates the channel to the base station; when generating the channel set according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter limitation, the base station applies for the spectrum to the central control node according to the requirements of the channel transmission parameter.
  • the central control node selects a channel from the channel set that meets the channel transmission parameter limitation requirement to the base station; when generating the channel set according to the available channel list and the channel geographic isolation, the base station according to its own geographical isolation of the channel Applying to the central control node for the spectrum, the central control node assigns a channel to the base station from the channel set that meets the channel geographic isolation requirement; when generating the channel set according to the available channel list and the channel spectral frequency, the base station according to its own requirements for the channel spectral frequency Applying spectrum to the central control node, the central control node assigns channels to the base station from the channel set that meets the channel spectrum frequency requirements; when based on the available channel list, and the channel quality status, channel idle time, maximum transmit power limit, and adjacent channel leakage ratio limit When the channel set is generated by any two or more of the spurious emission limitation, the maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel, the channel geographical isolation, and the channel spectral frequency, the base station according to the requirements of the two or more of the two Center
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 1 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention, wherein a central control node generates a channel set according to an available channel list and a channel quality condition.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 301 The central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel quality status, and maintains an updated channel set.
  • the available channel list is obtained from the database by the central control node; the available channel list obtaining method is:
  • the base station provides the geographical control information of the base station and the identification information of the base station to the central control node to which it belongs (the radio frequency requirements of the base station, such as the minimum transmit power, out-of-band radiation, and spurious radiation) can be known according to the identification information of the base station, and the central control node will base station
  • the provided information is sent to the database together with the identity, and the database calculates a list of available channels satisfying the requirements of the base station according to the geographical location of the base station and the identification information of the base station, and feeds back the available channel list to the central control node, and then the central control node according to the slave
  • the list of available channels obtained by the database and the list of available channels of other subordinate base stations obtain a list of available channels of the base station.
  • the central control node obtains more than one method of the available channel list, and may also adopt other methods.
  • the base station provides the geographical control information of the base station and the identity information of the base station to the central control node to which it belongs (you can know according to the identification information of the base station)
  • the radio frequency requirements of the base station such as minimum transmit power, out-of-band radiation, spurious radiation
  • the central control node sends the geographical location information of the base station together with the self-identification to the database, and the database controls the node according to the geographical location of the base station.
  • the central control node obtains the available channel list of the base station according to the available channel list obtained from the database and the available channel list of other subordinate base stations, and finally the central control node selects from the list of available channels according to the radio frequency requirement of the base station.
  • the channel quality condition is the amount that reflects the quality of the useful signal received by the receiver when the secondary system uses the primary system idle spectrum.
  • the central control node can obtain the channel quality status through the secondary device measurement, and can also obtain the channel quality status from the REM information; the channel quality status can be characterized by the channel performance indicator, such as SNR, bit error rate, and the like.
  • the central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel quality status, specifically: dividing the channel quality status into N ranges (N is a positive integer), and the range according to the channel quality status in the available channel list is available.
  • the channel list is divided into N channel sets, for example, the channel quality is characterized by SNR, and the SNR is divided into N ranges, (- ⁇ , SNR 1 , [SNR h ,
  • each base station corresponds to N channel sets
  • the channel quality condition is divided into two ranges, that is, a channel SNR threshold is determined, and a channel having a channel SNR smaller than the threshold in the available channel list constitutes a channel set 1, and a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes a channel set 2
  • a channel SNR threshold of 30 dB
  • the channel SNR in the available channel list belongs to (- ⁇ , 30 dB) 1
  • the channel belongs to channel set 1
  • the channel SNR in the available channel list belongs to [30dB, + ⁇ )2
  • the channel belongs to channel set 2;
  • the central control node may also prioritize the channels in the channel set according to channel quality conditions and/or priorities of channels in neighboring base stations. Specifically, the better the channel quality, the higher the priority; the higher the priority of the channel in the neighboring base station channel set, the lower the priority in the base station.
  • the channel set is maintained and updated, specifically: the central control node periodically or event triggered
  • the update channel is maintained based on spectrum sensing measurements, and/or database information, and/or REM information, and/or supervisory domain commands.
  • channel set 1 is ⁇ channel 1, channel 3 ⁇ , and channel set 2 is ⁇ channel 2, channel 4 ⁇ .
  • the channels in the channel set are prioritized according to the channel SNR.
  • channel set 1 is ⁇ channel 3, channel 1 ⁇ , and channel set 2 is ⁇ channel 2, channel 4 ⁇ .
  • the supervisory domain command refers to the command sent by the supervisory domain to the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • the supervisory domain temporarily plans to reserve one or some frequency bands for a specific service, or because of local regulations, it does not allow cognition.
  • the regulatory domain needs to send a command to the cognitive system to notify the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • Step 302 The central control node selects a spectrum from the channel set and performs spectrum allocation.
  • the event that triggers the spectrum allocation includes one or more of the following situations:
  • the primary user is present on the idle spectrum of the primary system being used by the CR system, and the CR system is used.
  • the idle spectrum of the primary system causes interference to the primary user.
  • the exit spectrum specified by the supervisory domain is the command of the primary system idle spectrum that the CR system is using.
  • the current load of the CR system is heavy or the communication quality is poor.
  • the method for allocating the spectrum by the central control node is specifically: the base station applies for a spectrum to the central control node according to the requirements of the channel quality, and the central control node selects a channel from the channel set that meets the channel quality requirement and allocates the channel to the base station.
  • the two channel sets are generated as an example, when the base station needs to provide a service with a higher quality of service requirement, for example, when the SNR needs to be greater than or equal to 30 dB, the channel is selected from the channel with the highest priority in the channel set 2. Otherwise, when the base station needs to provide a service with less demand quality, the channel is selected from channel set 1.
  • the upper node of the base station (such as the central control node) coordinates the subordinate base stations to allocate the spectrum.
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 2 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention, wherein a central control node generates a channel set according to an available channel list and a channel idle time.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 401 The central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel idle time, and maintains an updated channel set.
  • the available channel list is obtained from the database by the central control node.
  • the method of obtaining is the same as the method in step 301 in the first embodiment, and details are not described herein;
  • the channel idle time refers to the length of time between a specific time and the re-occupation of the channel by the primary system.
  • the central control node may use the statistical method to estimate the channel idle time according to the record of the previous channel idle time, and may also obtain the channel idle time from the database. time.
  • the central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel idle time, specifically: dividing the channel idle time into N ranges (N is a positive integer), and the range according to the channel idle time in the available channel list is available.
  • the channel list is divided into N channel sets.
  • each base station corresponds to N channel sets
  • the channel idle time is divided into two ranges, that is, a channel idle time threshold is determined, and a channel whose channel idle time is less than the threshold in the available channel list constitutes a channel set 1, and a channel that is greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes a channel.
  • Set 2 for example, assuming that the channel idle time threshold is 2 minutes, when the channel idle time in the available channel list belongs to (- ⁇ , 2) 1, the channel belongs to channel set 1, and the channel idle time belongs to [2] in the available channel list. , + ⁇ )2, the channel belongs to the letter Road set 2;
  • the central control node may also prioritize the channels in the channel set according to channel quality conditions and/or priorities of adjacent base station channel concentration channels. Specifically, the better the channel quality, the higher the priority; the higher the priority of the channel in the neighbor base station channel set, the lower the priority in the base station.
  • the maintenance and update channel set is specifically as follows: The central control node periodically or event-triggered to update the channel according to the spectrum sensing measurement result, and/or the database information, and/or the REM information, and/or the supervision domain command. Including removing a channel that does not satisfy the channel set condition from the channel set, or adding a channel that satisfies the channel set condition to the channel set; specifically, taking the above two channel sets as an example, the pre-update channel set 1 is ⁇ Channel 1, channel 2 ⁇ , channel set 2 is ⁇ channel 3, channel 4 ⁇ ; channel idle time of channel 1 to channel 4 before update is 1.5 minutes, 1 minute, 3.5 minutes, 3 minutes, then channel 1 to channel 4 The channel idle time becomes 1.6 minutes, 3.7 minutes, 2 minutes, 3 minutes.
  • channel set 1 is ⁇ channel 1 ⁇ and channel set 2 is ⁇ channel 2, channel 3, channel 4 ⁇ .
  • the channels in the channel set are prioritized according to the channel SNR, and finally the channel set 1 is ⁇ channel 1 ⁇ .
  • Channel Set 2 is ⁇ Channel 2, Channel 4, Channel 3 ⁇ .
  • the supervisory domain command refers to the command sent by the supervisory domain to the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • the supervisory domain temporarily plans to reserve one or some frequency bands for a specific service, or because of local regulations, it does not allow cognition.
  • the regulatory domain needs to send a command to the cognitive system to notify the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • Step 402 The central control node selects a spectrum from the channel set and performs spectrum allocation.
  • the event that triggers the spectrum allocation includes one or more of the following situations: The primary user appears on the idle spectrum of the primary system being used by the CR system, and the CR system uses The idle spectrum of the primary system interferes with the primary user, and the exit spectrum specified by the supervisory domain is the primary system being used by the CR system.
  • the command of the idle spectrum, the current load of the CR system is heavy or the communication quality is poor, etc.; when the above situation occurs, the method for the central control node to allocate the spectrum is specifically as follows:
  • the base station according to its own requirement for the channel idle time to the central control node Applying the spectrum, the central control node allocates a channel to the base station from the channel set that meets the channel idle time requirement.
  • the two channel sets are generated as an example.
  • the base station needs to provide a service with a long channel idle time, for example, When the channel idle time is greater than or equal to 2 minutes, the channel is selected starting from the channel with the highest priority in the channel set 2. Otherwise, the channel is selected from the channel set 1 when the base station needs to provide a service with a channel idle time requirement that is not too long.
  • the upper node of the base station (such as the central control node) coordinates the subordinate base stations to allocate the spectrum.
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 3 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention, wherein a central control node generates a channel set according to an available channel list and a channel transmission parameter restriction.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 501 The central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter restriction, and maintains the updated channel set.
  • the available channel list is obtained from the database by the central control node.
  • the method of obtaining is the same as the method in step 301 in the first embodiment, and details are not described herein;
  • the channel transmission parameter limitation includes a limitation on one or more of the following: a maximum transmission power limit, an adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation, a spurious emission limitation, and a maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel;
  • the maximum transmit power limit, the adjacent channel leakage ratio limit, and the spurious emission limit are upper limits of the radio frequency parameters of the secondary system when the secondary system uses the primary system idle channel
  • the maximum transmit power limit, the adjacent channel Leakage ratio limitation, spurious emission limitation can be calculated by the database, the network node obtains from the database, and can also be calculated by the network node; the channel allows
  • the maximum interference level limit refers to the upper limit of the interference level that the primary system can tolerate when the secondary system uses the primary system idle channel, and the network node obtains the maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel from the database.
  • the central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter limitation, specifically: taking the limitation of the maximum transmit power in the channel transmission parameter limitation as an example, dividing the maximum transmit power allowed by the channel into N ranges (N A positive integer), the available channel list is divided into N channel sets according to the range of the maximum allowed transmit power in the available channel list. For example, the maximum allowed transmit power is divided into N ranges, (- ⁇ , P 1 , [Pj, P 2 ) 2, « ,
  • each base station corresponds to N channel sets
  • the maximum transmit power allowed by the channel is divided into two ranges, that is, a maximum transmit power threshold allowed for one channel is determined, and a channel with a maximum transmit power allowed by the channel in the available channel list is less than the threshold.
  • a channel equal to the threshold constitutes a channel set 2; for example, assuming that the maximum transmit power threshold allowed by the channel is 45 dBm, when the maximum transmit power allowed by the channel in the available channel list belongs to (- ⁇ , 45 dBm), the channel belongs to the channel.
  • Set 1 when the maximum transmit power allowed by the channel in the available channel list belongs to [45dBm, + ⁇ ) 2, the channel belongs to channel set 2;
  • the central control node may also prioritize the channels in the channel set according to channel quality conditions and/or priorities of adjacent base station channel concentration channels. Specifically, the better the channel quality, the higher the priority; the higher the priority of the channel in the neighbor base station channel set, the lower the priority in the base station.
  • the channel set is maintained and updated, specifically: the central control node periodically or event triggered
  • the update channel is maintained based on spectrum sensing measurements, and/or database information, and/or REM information, and/or supervisory domain commands.
  • channel set 1 is ⁇ channel 1, channel 4 ⁇ , and channel set 2 is ⁇ channel 2, channel 3 ⁇ .
  • the SNRs of the channel quality of channel 1 to channel 4 are 30 dB, 32 dB, 25 dB, and 31 dB, respectively.
  • the channels in the channel set are prioritized according to the channel SNR, and finally the channel set 1 is ⁇ channel 4 after the final update.
  • Channel 1 ⁇ , channel set 2 is ⁇ channel 2, channel 3 ⁇ .
  • the supervisory domain command refers to the command sent by the supervisory domain to the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • the supervisory domain temporarily plans to reserve one or some frequency bands for a specific service, or because of local regulations, it does not allow cognition.
  • the regulatory domain needs to send a command to the cognitive system to notify the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • Step 502 The central control node selects a spectrum from the channel set and performs spectrum allocation.
  • the event that triggers the spectrum allocation includes one or more of the following situations:
  • the primary user appears on the idle spectrum of the primary system being used by the CR system, and the CR system uses The idle spectrum of the primary system causes interference to the primary user.
  • the exit spectrum specified by the supervisory domain is the command of the primary system idle spectrum that the CR system is using.
  • the current load of the CR system is heavy or the communication quality is poor.
  • the method for allocating the spectrum by the central control node is specifically: the base station applies for the spectrum to the central control node according to one of the requirements of the channel transmission parameter limitation, and the central control node meets the requirements of the channel transmission parameter limitation.
  • the channel set selection channel is allocated to the base station. Specifically, the two channel sets are generated as an example. When the base station's maximum transmit power requirement for the channel is greater than or equal to 45 dBm, the channel selection is selected from the channel with the highest priority. Channel, otherwise, when the base station's maximum transmit power requirement for the channel is less than 45 dBm, the channel is selected from channel set 1.
  • the upper node of the base station (such as the central control node) coordinates the subordinate base stations to allocate the spectrum.
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 4 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention, wherein a central control node generates a channel set according to an available channel list and channel geographic isolation.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 601 The central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and channel geographic isolation, and maintains an updated channel set.
  • the available channel list is obtained from the database by the central control node.
  • the method of obtaining is the same as the method in step 301 in the first embodiment, and details are not described herein;
  • the channel geographical isolation refers to the distance between the natural isolation and/or the secondary system transmitter and the coverage edge of the primary system existing in the wireless environment, and the central control node obtains the geographical isolation of the channel from the database or REM information. .
  • the central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel geographic isolation, specifically: taking the channel isolation as a natural isolation existing in the wireless environment, and using the primary system to use the primary system idle spectrum when the wireless signal traverses
  • the loss in tall buildings or mountains is divided into N ranges (N is a positive integer), and the available channel list is divided into N channel sets according to the range of channel crossing loss in the available channel list. For example, the crossing loss is divided into N channels. Range, (- ⁇ ,
  • each base station corresponds to N channel sets
  • the channel geographical isolation is divided into two ranges, that is, one channel is geographically separated.
  • Deviation threshold a channel whose channel geographical isolation is less than the threshold in the available channel list constitutes channel set 1, and a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes channel set 2; for example, assuming a channel penetration loss threshold of 20 dB, when available When the channel penetration loss in the channel list belongs to (- ⁇ , 20dB), the channel belongs to channel set 1. When the channel penetration loss in the available channel list belongs to [20dB, + ⁇ )2, the channel belongs to channel set 2;
  • the central control node may also prioritize the channels in the channel set according to channel quality conditions and/or priorities of adjacent base station channel concentration channels. Specifically, the better the channel quality, the higher the priority; the higher the priority of the channel in the neighbor base station channel set, the lower the priority in the base station.
  • the maintenance and update channel set is specifically as follows: The central control node periodically or event-triggered to update the channel according to the spectrum sensing measurement result, and/or the database information, and/or the REM information, and/or the supervision domain command. Including removing a channel that does not satisfy the channel set condition from the channel set, or adding a channel that satisfies the channel set condition to the channel set; specifically, taking the above two channel sets as an example, the pre-update channel set 1 is ⁇ Channel 1, channel 2 ⁇ , channel set 2 is ⁇ channel 3, channel 4 ⁇ ; channel 1 to channel 4 channel penetration loss before update is 12dB, 18dB, 20dB, 25dB, then channel 1 to channel 4 channel penetration loss It becomes 20dB, 18dB, 18dB, 25dB.
  • the updated channel set 1 is ⁇ channel 2, channel 3 ⁇ , and channel set 2 is ⁇ channel 1, channel 4 ⁇ .
  • the channels in the channel set are prioritized according to the channel SNR, and finally the channel set 1 is ⁇ channel 2 after the final update.
  • Channel 3 ⁇ , channel set 2 is ⁇ channel 4, channel 1 ⁇ .
  • the supervisory domain command refers to the command sent by the supervisory domain to the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • the supervisory domain temporarily plans to reserve one or some frequency bands for a specific service, or because of local regulations, it does not allow cognition.
  • the regulatory domain needs to send a command to the cognitive system to notify the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • Step 602 The central control node selects a spectrum from the channel set and performs spectrum allocation.
  • the event that triggers the spectrum allocation includes one or more of the following situations:
  • the primary user appears on the idle spectrum of the primary system being used by the CR system, and the CR system uses the idle spectrum of the primary system to cause interference to the primary user, and receives the regulatory domain designation.
  • the exit spectrum is the command of the primary system idle spectrum that the CR system is using, and the current load of the CR system is heavy or the communication quality is poor;
  • the method for allocating the spectrum by the central control node is specifically as follows:
  • the base station applies for the spectrum to the central control node according to the requirement of the channel geographical isolation of the channel, and the central control node selects the channel from the channel set that meets the channel geographical isolation requirement. For example, in the case of generating two channel sets as described above, when the base station requires the channel geographical isolation to be greater than or equal to 20 dB, the channel is selected from the channel with the highest priority in the channel set 2, otherwise, when the base station When the channel geographic isolation requirement is less than 20 dB, the channel is selected from channel set 1.
  • the upper node of the base station (such as the central control node) coordinates the subordinate base stations to allocate the spectrum.
  • Embodiment 7 is a schematic flow chart of Embodiment 5 of a dynamic spectrum allocation method based on channel management according to the present invention, wherein a central control node generates a channel set according to an available channel list and a channel spectrum frequency.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 701 The central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel spectrum frequency, and maintains an updated channel set.
  • the available channel list is obtained from the database by the central control node.
  • the method of obtaining is the same as the method in step 301 in the first embodiment, and details are not described herein;
  • the channel spectrum frequency refers to a channel spectrum start frequency, a termination frequency, or a center frequency
  • the central control node acquires the channel spectrum frequency from a database.
  • the central control node generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel spectrum frequency, specifically: dividing the channel spectrum frequency into N ranges (N is a positive integer), according to available channel columns.
  • each base station corresponds to N channel sets
  • the channel spectrum frequency is divided into two ranges, that is, a channel spectral frequency threshold is determined, and a channel whose channel spectrum frequency in the available channel list is smaller than the threshold constitutes a channel set 1, and a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes a channel.
  • Set 2 for example, assuming that the channel spectral frequency threshold is 500 MHz, when the channel spectral frequency in the available channel list belongs to (- ⁇ , 500 MHz) l, the channel belongs to channel set 1, and when the channel spectrum frequency in the available channel list belongs to [500 MHz, + ⁇ )2, the channel belongs to channel set 2;
  • the central control node may also prioritize the channels in the channel set according to channel quality conditions and/or priorities of adjacent base station channel concentration channels. Specifically, the better the channel quality, the higher the priority; the higher the priority of the channel in the neighbor base station channel set, the lower the priority in the base station.
  • the maintenance and update channel set is specifically: the central control node periodically or event-triggered to update the channel according to the spectrum sensing measurement result, and/or the database information, and/or the REM information, and/or the supervision domain command.
  • the update of the channel set is mainly caused by factors other than the channel spectrum frequency. For example, if the primary system reuses channel 1 or receives the supervisory domain command to disable the secondary system for channel 1, it needs to delete channel 1 from channel set 1. After that, assume channel 2, letter The SNRs of channel 3 and channel 4 are 30dB, 32dB, and 31dB, respectively. Then, the channels in the channel set are prioritized according to the channel SNR, and finally the channel set 1 is ⁇ channel 2 ⁇ , and the channel set is updated. 2 is ⁇ channel 3, channel 4 ⁇ .
  • the supervisory domain command refers to the command sent by the supervisory domain to the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • the supervisory domain temporarily plans to reserve one or some frequency bands for a specific service, or because of local regulations, it does not allow cognition.
  • the regulatory domain needs to send a command to the cognitive system to notify the cognitive system to exit the specified frequency band.
  • Step 702 The central control node selects a spectrum from the channel set and performs spectrum allocation.
  • the event that triggers the spectrum allocation includes one or more of the following situations:
  • the primary user is present on the idle spectrum of the primary system being used by the CR system, and the CR system is used.
  • the idle spectrum of the primary system causes interference to the primary user.
  • the exit spectrum specified by the supervisory domain is the command of the primary system idle spectrum that the CR system is using.
  • the current load of the CR system is heavy or the communication quality is poor.
  • the method for allocating the spectrum by the central control node is specifically: the base station applies for a spectrum to the central control node according to its own wireless propagation environment and radio frequency requirements, and the central control node selects a channel from the channel set that meets the requirements of the base station to allocate to the base station. For example, in rural or suburban areas, since the base station prioritizes the coverage requirements, it is usually possible to select a channel with a lower frequency, such as selecting a channel from a channel set (- ⁇ , 500 MHz) 1 The channel with a high frequency is preferentially selected, for example, the channel is selected from the channel set [500 MHz, + ⁇ ) 2.
  • the upper node of the base station e.g., the central control node coordinates the subordinate base stations to allocate the spectrum.
  • the above five embodiments provide a method for the central control node to generate and maintain an updated channel set and allocate a spectrum.
  • the method for generating and maintaining an updated channel set and allocating a spectrum by the base station is similar to the method, and the difference is mainly reflected in: a method for obtaining an available channel list. And a method of selecting a spectrum from a channel set and performing spectrum allocation. Method for generating channel set by base station and maintaining updated channel set and central control node the same.
  • the method for the base station to obtain the available channel list from the database is specifically:
  • the base station provides the geographical control information of the base station and the identification information of the base station to the central control node to which it belongs (the radio frequency requirements of the base station, such as the minimum transmit power, out-of-band radiation, and spurious radiation) can be known according to the identification information of the base station, and the central control node will base station
  • the provided information is sent to the database together with the identity, and the database calculates a list of available channels satisfying the requirements of the base station according to the geographical location of the base station and its identification information, and feeds back the available channel list to the central control node, and then the central control node according to the slave database Obtaining a list of available channels and a list of available channels of other subordinate base stations to obtain a list of available channels of the base station, and transmitting the list of available channels to the base station;
  • the method for the base station to obtain the available channel list is more than one, and other methods may be used.
  • the base station provides the geographic location information of the base station to the central control node to which the base station belongs, and the central control node sends the information provided by the base station together with the identity of the base station.
  • the database returns a list of available channels of the base station to the central control node according to the geographic location of the base station, and then the central control node obtains a list of available channels of the base station according to the available channel list obtained from the database and the available channel list of other subordinate base stations, and sends the list of available channels of the base station to The base station selects, from the list of available channels, a list of available channels that meet its own requirements according to its own radio frequency requirements.
  • the base station In the method in which the base station selects the spectrum from the channel set and performs spectrum allocation, the base station does not need to apply for the spectrum to the central control node, but the base station directly selects the channel from the channel set according to the requirements of the channel.
  • two channel sets are generated according to the available channel list and channel quality conditions: channel set 1 (channel SNR belongs to (- ⁇ , 30dB) l) and channel set 2 (channel SNR belongs to [30dB, + ⁇ 2)
  • channel set 1 channel SNR belongs to (- ⁇ , 30dB) l)
  • channel set 2 channel SNR belongs to [30dB, + ⁇ 2
  • the base station selects a channel from a channel set that meets the channel quality requirements according to its own requirements for channel quality.
  • the base station When the base station needs to provide a service with higher quality of service requirements, for example, when the SNR needs to be greater than or equal to 30 dB, The channel is selected starting from the channel with the highest priority in channel set 2. Otherwise, when the base station needs to provide a service with less demand quality, the base station selects the channel from channel set 1.
  • the upper node of the base station (such as the central control node) coordinates the allocation of the spectrum to each of the subordinate base stations.
  • the methods for generating channel sets in the above five embodiments may also be used in combination, according to the available channel list, and channel quality conditions, channel idle time, maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation, spurious radiation. Any two or more of the set, the maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel, the channel geographic isolation, and the channel spectral frequency.
  • the method for generating a channel set according to the available channel list, the channel quality condition, and the channel idle time may be: determining that a channel quality condition SNR threshold is 30 dB and a channel idle time threshold is 2 minutes, and the obtained threshold combination is four.
  • the channel quality condition is less than 30 dB and the channel idle time is less than 2 minutes, the channel quality condition is less than 30 dB, the channel idle time is greater than or equal to 2 minutes, the channel quality condition is greater than or equal to 30 dB, and the channel idle time is less than 2 minutes, and the channel quality condition is greater than or Equal to 30 dB and the channel idle time is greater than or equal to 2 minutes, according to the channel quality condition of the channel in the available channel list and the threshold combination of the channel idle time, the available channel list is divided into four channel sets; The requirements for channel quality conditions and channel idle time select the appropriate channel from the channel set.
  • the present invention further provides an embodiment of a dynamic spectrum allocation apparatus based on channel management, where the apparatus is located at a base station or a central control node, and the apparatus includes:
  • a channel set generating module configured to generate a channel set according to the available channel list and channel classification information, and maintain and update the channel set
  • a spectrum allocation module configured to select a spectrum from a channel set and perform spectrum allocation.
  • the channel classification information includes one or more of the following: channel quality status, channel idle time, channel transmission parameter limitation, channel geographic isolation, channel spectral frequency.
  • the channel quality condition is an amount capable of reflecting a quality of a useful signal received by the receiver when the secondary system uses the primary system idle spectrum; the channel set generation module passes the secondary Obtaining, by the device, the channel quality status, or acquiring the channel quality status from the REM information;
  • the channel idle time is a length of time from a specific time until the channel is re-occupied by the primary system; the channel set generation module estimates the channel idle time using a statistical method according to a record of the previous channel idle time, or obtains from the database The channel idle time;
  • the channel transmission parameter limitation includes one or more of the following: a maximum transmit power limit, an adjacent channel leakage ratio limit, a spurious emission limit, and a maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel; wherein the maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage
  • the ratio limit and spurious emission limitation are the maximum maximum transmit power, adjacent channel leakage ratio, and upper limit of spurious emissions of the secondary system when the secondary system uses the primary system idle channel, and the maximum transmit power limit and adjacent channel leakage ratio limit.
  • the spurious emission limitation is calculated by the database, and the channel set generation module is obtained from the database or calculated by the channel set generation module;
  • the maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel is when the secondary system uses the primary system idle channel, An upper limit of interference levels that the primary system can tolerate, the channel set generation module obtaining a maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel from a database;
  • the channel geographic isolation is a natural isolation and/or a secondary system transmission existing in a wireless environment The distance between the machine and the main system covering the edge;
  • Channel set generation module acquires the geographical isolation of the channel from the database, or acquired geographical isolation of the channel information from REM;
  • the channel spectrum frequency is a channel spectrum start frequency, a termination frequency or a center frequency; the channel set generation module acquires the channel spectrum frequency from a database.
  • the generating the channel set according to the available channel list and the channel classification information is specifically:
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to an available channel list and a channel quality condition, and the channel set generation module is further configured to divide the channel quality status into N ranges, where N is a positive integer, and according to the available channel list The range to which the channel quality condition belongs divides the available channel list into N channel sets; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to an available channel list and a channel idle time. And the channel set generating module is further configured to divide the channel idle time into N ranges, and divide the available channel list into N channel sets according to a range to which the channel idle time in the available channel list belongs; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel geographic isolation, and the channel set generation module is further configured to divide the channel geographic isolation into N ranges, and according to channel geographic isolation in the available channel list.
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter limitation, and the channel set generation module is further configured to divide one of the channel transmission parameter restrictions into N ranges, according to the available channel list.
  • the range to which the corresponding item belongs in the channel transmission parameter limit divides the available channel list into N channel sets; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel spectrum frequency, and the channel set generation module is further configured to divide the channel spectrum frequency into N ranges, according to a range to which the channel spectrum frequency in the available channel list belongs.
  • the available channel list is divided into N channel sets; or
  • the channel set generation module according to the available channel list, and channel quality status, channel idle time, maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation, spurious emission limitation, maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel, channel geographic isolation, channel Any two or more of the spectral frequencies generate N channel sets.
  • each base station corresponds to N channel sets.
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel quality status, and divides the channel quality status into two ranges, that is, determines a channel quality threshold, and the channel quality in the available channel list is smaller than the threshold.
  • Forming channel set 1, a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes channel set 2; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel according to an available channel list and a channel idle time
  • the channel idle time is divided into two ranges, that is, a channel idle time threshold is determined, and a channel whose channel idle time is less than the threshold in the available channel list constitutes a channel set 1, and a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes a channel set 2 ; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel transmission parameter limitation, and divides one of the channel transmission parameter limits into two ranges, that is, determines a threshold of a corresponding item in a channel transmission parameter limit, and the available channel a channel in which the corresponding item in the channel transmission parameter limit in the list is smaller than the threshold constitutes channel set 1, and a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes channel set 2; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel geographic isolation, and divides the channel geographic isolation into two ranges, that is, determines a channel geographic isolation threshold, and the channel geographical isolation in the available channel list is less than the The channel of the threshold constitutes channel set 1, and the channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes channel set 2; or
  • the channel set generation module generates a channel set according to the available channel list and the channel spectrum frequency, and divides the channel spectrum frequency into two ranges, that is, determines a channel spectrum frequency threshold, and the channel spectrum frequency in the available channel list is smaller than the threshold.
  • Channel set 1 a channel greater than or equal to the threshold constitutes channel set 2; or
  • the channel set generation module according to the available channel list, and channel quality status, channel idle time, maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation, spurious emission limitation, maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel, channel geographic isolation, channel Generating a channel set for any two or more of the spectral frequencies, determining a threshold for each of the two or more of the plurality of parameters, obtaining a threshold combination of any two or more of the thresholds, and belonging to the same threshold combination
  • the channels in the available channel list form a channel set.
  • the channel set generating module is further configured to prioritize channels in the channel set according to channel quality conditions and/or priorities of channels of the neighboring base station channels.
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from a channel set that meets channel quality requirements according to a channel quality requirement of the base station;
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from a channel set that meets the channel idle time requirement according to the requirement of the channel idle time of the base station;
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from a channel set that meets a channel transmission parameter limitation requirement according to a base station's requirement for a channel transmission parameter;
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from a channel set that meets the channel geographic isolation requirement according to the base station's requirement for channel geographic isolation;
  • the spectrum allocation module selects a channel from a channel set that meets the channel spectrum frequency requirement according to the requirements of the base station for the channel spectrum frequency;
  • the channel set generation module is based on the available channel list, and channel quality conditions, channel idle time, maximum transmit power limit, adjacent channel leakage ratio limitation, spurious emission limitation, maximum interference level limit allowed by the channel, channel transmission parameter limitation,
  • the channel is selected from the channel set that meets the requirements of the base station according to the requirements of the base station for any two or more of the requirements.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法及装置，方法包括：网络节点根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集，并维护和更新信道集；网络节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配。装置包括：信道集生成模块，用于根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集，并维护和更新信道集；频谱分配模块，用于从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱分配。通过本发明，能够降低认知无线电系统频谱资源重配置的时延，提高频谱资源重配的整体性能，提高频谱利用效率。

Description

一种基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信及认知无线电技术领域， 更具体地， 涉及一种基 于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法及装置。 背景技术
在认知无线电 （CR, Cognitive Radio ) 系统中， 具有认知功能的无线 通信设备可以按照某种 "伺机" 的方式使用授权频段， 当然这一定要建立 在不干扰授权用户的情况下， 从而极大地提高了频谱利用率， 解决了日益 增长的无线业务需求与日渐匮乏的频谱资源之间的矛盾。 CR技术打破了传 统意义上的频谱固定分配制度， 将频谱在系统间动态分配， 提高了频谱的 利用效率。 动态频谱分配技术作为认知无线电的核心技术之一， 成为研究 的热点。
在认知无线电中， 通过对无线环境的感知， 来改善无线资源管理以及 更加容易地对网络进行监控和故障处理。 无线环境地图 （REM , Radio Environment Maps )是一个可以跟踪无线环境变化的动态数据库， 用来存储 有定位信息的无线相关测量和网络性能指示。 其中， 无线相关测量如参考 信号接收功率（ RSRP, Reference Signal Receiving Power ) /参考信号接收质 量（RSRQ, Reference Signal Receiving Quality ) 测量， 干扰等级测量， 服 务质量（QoS, Quality of Service )测量等。 REM可以辅助 CR决策。
研究表明目前电视频谱的利用率并不高， 因此 CR还可以 "伺机 "使用 主系统（即电视广播系统）在特定时间和位置没有使用的信道， 即电视频 段空闲频谱（ TVWS , Television White Space )， 为了保护主系统不受次级系 统（即 CR系统）的干扰， 通常使用主系统空闲频谱的次级系统的发射机到 主系统覆盖边缘的距离要大于某个值， 该值就是主系统和次级系统之间的 保护距离。 图 1是现有技术中 CR系统使用 TVWS的系统架构图， 如图 1 所示，涉及到的主要网元有：数据库（DB, Data Base ),中心控制节点（CCP, Central Control Point ), 基站等； 其中数据库包含主用户占用频谱信息， 主 用户未使用的频谱信息， 不允许使用的频谱信息； 中心控制节点用于管理 其下属节点接入到 TVWS, 协调 TVWS频谱在其下属节点中的分配， 中心 控制节点与数据库固定连接， 以获取 TVWS频谱信息， 同时与基站固定或 无线连接； 基站是具有重配和认知功能的基站， 可以改变或调整无线通信 技术的参数（如调制类型、 发射功率等）， 管理和维护工作频谱（如工作频 点和带宽等）， 具有频谱认知功能和认知数据处理能力。
在现有技术中， 动态频谱分配技术通常是由需要申请频谱资源的基站 向中心控制节点提出频谱资源申请， 中心控制节点向数据库请求分配频谱， 然后中心控制节点根据请求到的频谱资源及其下属节点频谱使用情况协调 分配频谱资源。 在动态频谱分配过程中， 由于每次需要申请频谱资源的基 站发送频谱资源申请时， 中心控制节点都要访问数据库并且根据下属节点 的频谱使用情况为申请频谱资源的基站协调分配频谱， 该处理过程需要占 用一定的时间， 造成频谱资源分配的延迟， 从而造成频谱资源重配置的延 迟。
IEEE802.22WRAN ( Wireless Regional Area Networks, 无线区域网络） 协议中提出了一种管理信道的方法， 将可用信道列表（即基于次级系统的 位置， 由数据库提供的该次级系统潜在可以使用的信道的集合） 划分为六 类信道集： 不允许使用信道集、 工作信道集、 备份信道集、 候选信道集、 被保护信道集、 未分类信道。 其中， 不允许使用信道指由于业务需求或地 方法规限制不允许次级系统使用的信道； 工作信道指 WRAN 小区内基站 ( BS, Base Station )和客户端前置设备 ( CPEs, Customer Premise Equipments ) 通信的当前信道； 备份信道指需要时可立即变为工作信道的信道； 候选信 道指可变为备份信道的信道（通过感知评估其变为备份信道的可能性）； 被 保护信道指被检测出正在被授权用户或 WRAN用户使用的信道； 未分类信 道指没有感知的信道， 可以根据感知结果确定为候选或被保护信道。 不同 的信道集感知周期不同， 通过定义信道集， 当次级系统需要频谱时从备份 信道集中选择信道， 使次级系统在不干扰主系统的前提下使用主系统未使 用的空闲频谱。 该信道分类方法考虑了信道的占用状态、 法规限制以及信 道质量状况， 但由于次级系统的配置和提供业务的不同， 对频谱的要求也 不一样， 例如次级系统对发射参数、 业务 QoS等的要求不同， 对频谱的要 求也不一样， 次级系统的无线环境中存在的自然的隔离， 如某次级系统基 站覆盖边缘处有高大建筑物或高山等， 也会影响次级系统频谱的选择。 该 信道集的管理并未考虑这些因素， 从而影响重配后服务的质量， 甚至会导 致重配失败。
为解决现有技术中的上述问题， 本发明提出了一种基于信道管理的动 态频谱分配方法。 发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明实施例的主要目的在于提供一种基于信道管理的动 态频谱分配方法及装置， 用于解决频谱资源重配置中频谱分配的时延大， 频谱资源重配的整体性能和频谱利用效率低的技术问题。
为达到上述目的， 本发明实施例的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法， 该方法包括：
网络节点根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集， 并维护和更 新信道集；
网络节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配。
较佳地， 所述网络节点为基站或中心控制节点； 当所述网络节点为中 心控制节点时 , 由所述中心控制节点为基站从所述信道集中选择及分配频 谱。
较佳地， 所述可用信道列表由网络节点从用于存储主用户相关频谱信 息的数据库中获取。
较佳地， 所述信道分类信息包括以下一项或多项： 信道质量状况、 信 道空闲时间、 信道发射参数限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率。
较佳地， 所述信道质量状况是能够反映次级系统使用主系统空闲频谱 时接收机接收到的有用信号的质量的量。
所述信道空闲时间是从特定时间开始到信道被主系统重新占用之间的 时间长度。
所述信道发射参数限制包括如下一项或多项： 最大发射功率限制、 邻 信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限制。
所述信道地理隔离度是无线环境中存在的自然隔离和 /或次级系统发射 机与主系统覆盖边缘之间的距离。
所述信道频谱频率是信道频谱起始频率、 终止频率或中心频率。
优选地， 所述根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集， 具体为： 根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集， 将信道质量状况划分 为 N个范围， N为正整数， 按照可用信道列表中的信道质量状况所属的范 围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集， 将信道空闲时间划分 为 N个范围， N为正整数， 按照可用信道列表中的信道空闲时间所属的范 围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集， 将信道地理隔离度 划分为 N个范围， 按照可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度所属的范围将可用 信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或 根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道集， 将信道发射参数 限制中的其中一项划分为 N个范围， N为正整数， 按照可用信道列表中的 信道发射参数限制中相应项所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N 个信道 集； 或
根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集， 将信道频谱频率划分 为 N个范围， N为正整数， 按照可用信道列表中信道频谱频率所属的范围 将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 最大发射功 率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限 制、信道地理隔离度、信道频谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成 N个信道集， N为正整数。
优选地， 每个基站都对应 N个信道集。
较佳地， 所述根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集， 具体为： 根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集， 将信道质量状况划分 为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道质量阈值， 可用信道列表中信道质量小于所 述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 , 大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或 根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集， 将信道空闲时间划分 为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道空闲时间阈值， 可用信道列表中信道空闲时 间小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道 集 2; 或
根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道集 , 将信道发射参数 限制中的其中一项划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道发射参数限制中相应 项的阈值， 可用信道列表中信道发射参数限制中相应项小于所述阈值的信 道组成信道集 1 , 大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集， 将信道地理隔离度 划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道地理隔离度阈值， 可用信道列表中信道 地理隔离度小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道 组成信道集 2; 或
根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集， 将信道频谱频率划分 为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道频谱频率阈值， 可用信道列表中信道频谱频 率小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道 集 2; 或
根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 最大发射功 率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限 制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成信道集， 针 对所述任意两项或多项中的每一项确定一个阈值， 得到所述任意两项或多 项的阈值组合， 将属于相同阈值组合的可用信道列表中的信道组成一个信 道集。
较佳地， 所述方法还包括： 网络节点对信道集中的信道按照信道质量 状况和 /或相邻基站信道集中信道的优先级进行优先级排序。
较佳地， 所述网络节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配， 具体 为：
当根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集时， 根据基站对信道 质量的要求， 从符合信道质量要求的信道集中选择信道；
当根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集时， 根据基站对信道 空闲时间的要求， 从符合信道空闲时间要求的信道集中选择信道；
当根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道集时， 根据基站对 信道发射参数的要求 , 从符合信道发射参数限制要求的信道集中选择信道； 当根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集时， 根据基站对信 道地理隔离度的要求， 从符合信道地理隔离度要求的信道集中选择信道； 当根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集时， 根据基站对信道 频谱频率的要求， 从符合信道频谱频率要求的信道集中选择信道；
当根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 最大发射 功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平 限制、 信道发射参数限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项 或多项生成信道集时， 根据基站对所述任意两项或多项的要求， 从符合基 站要求的信道集中选择信道。
一种基于信道管理的动态频谱分配装置， 该装置包括：
信道集生成模块， 用于根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集， 并维护和更新信道集；
频谱分配模块， 用于从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱分配。
较佳地， 所述装置位于基站或中心控制节点。
较佳地， 所述信道集生成模块所依据的信道分类信息包括以下一项或 多项： 信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 信道发射参数限制、 信道地理隔离 度， 信道频谱频率。
较佳地， 所述信道质量状况是能够反映次级系统使用主系统空闲频 谱时接收机接收到的有用信号的质量的量；
所述信道空闲时间是从特定时间开始到信道被主系统重新占用之间 的时间长度；
所述信道发射参数限制包括如下一项或多项： 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限制；
所述信道地理隔离度是无线环境中存在的自然隔离和 /或次级系统发 射机与主系统覆盖边缘之间的距离；
所述信道频谱频率是信道频谱起始频率、 终止频率或中心频率。
较佳地， 所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成 信道集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道质量状况划分为 N个范围， 并按照可用信道列表中的信道质量状况所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道空闲时间划分为 N个范围， 并按照可 用信道列表中的信道空闲时间所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道 集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道 集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道地理隔离度划分为 N个范围， 并 按照可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N 个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道 集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道发射参数限制中的其中一项划分 为 N个范围， 按照可用信道列表中的信道发射参数限制中相应项所属的范 围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道频谱频率划分为 N个范围， 按照可用 信道列表中信道频谱频率所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空 闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允 许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或 多项生成 N个信道集；
所述 N为正整数， 优选地， 每个基站都对应 N个信道集。
优选地， 所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生 成信道集， 将信道质量状况划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道质量阈值， 可用信道列表中信道质量小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于 所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道 集， 将信道空闲时间划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道空闲时间阈值， 可用信道列表中信道空闲时间小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或 等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信 道集， 将信道发射参数限制中的其中一项划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个 信道发射参数限制中相应项的阈值， 可用信道列表中信道发射参数限制 中相应项小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道 组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道 集， 将信道地理隔离度划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道地理隔离度阈 值， 可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 , 大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道 集， 将信道频谱频率划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道频谱频率阈值， 可用信道列表中信道频谱频率小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或 等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空 闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允 许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或 多项生成信道集， 针对所述任意两项或多项中的每一项确定一个阈值， 得 到所述任意两项或多项的阈值组合， 将属于相同阈值组合的可用信道列表 中的信道组成一个信道集。
优选地， 所述信道集生成模块还用于对信道集中的信道按照信道质量 状况和 /或相邻基站信道集中信道的优先级进行优先级排序。
优选地， 当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生 成信道集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道质量的要求， 从符合信道 质量要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集 时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道空闲时间的要求， 从符合信道空闲 时间要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信 道集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道发射参数的要求， 从符合信道 发射参数限制要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道 集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道地理隔离度的要求， 从符合信道 地理隔离度要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道 集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道频谱频率的要求， 从符合信道 频谱频率要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道 空闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道 允许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道发射参数限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频 谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成信道集时， 根据基站对所述任意两项或多 项的要求， 从符合基站要求的信道集中选择信道。
本发明实施例的基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法， 系统地描述了认 知无线电系统中信道集生成维护和更新的方法以及动态分配频谱的方法， 通过本发明可降低认知无线电系统频谱资源重配置的时延， 提高频谱资源 重配的整体性能， 提高频谱利用效率。 附图说明
图 1为系统架构示意图；
图 2为本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法实施例的流程示意图； 图 3 为本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法实施例一的流程示意 图；
图 4为本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法实施例二的流程示意 图；
图 5 为本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法实施例三的流程示意 图；
图 6为本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法实施例四的流程示意 图；
图 7为本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法实施例五的流程示意 图。 具体实施方式
本发明实施例的基本思想是通过网络节点生成并维护更新信道集， 从 信道集中选择频谱分配给基站， 从而减少了频谱分配的时延， 提高了频谱 资源重配的整体性能， 提高了频谱利用效率。
图 2是本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法实施例的流程示意图， 该方法包括以下步驟：
步驟 201 , 网络节点根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集， 并 维护和更新信道集；
其中， 网络节点包括以下任意一项： 基站、 中心控制节点； 其中， 可用信道列表由网络节点从用于存储主用户相关频谱信息的数 据库中获取；
优选的， 所述可用信道列表获取方法可有如下几种：
( 1 ) 当网络节点为基站时， 基站向其上层节点 （中心控制节点）提供 基站的地理位置信息、 基站的标识信息 （根据基站的标识信息可以知道基 站的射频要求， 如最小发射功率、 带外辐射、 杂散辐射）， 基站的上层节点 将基站提供的地理位置信息和基站的标识信息， 和 /或上层节点的标识一起 发送给数据库， 数据库根据基站的地理位置及基站的标识信息计算得出满 足基站要求的可用信道列表， 并将可用信道列表反馈给基站的上层节点， 然后基站的上层节点根据从数据库获取的可用信道列表和下属其它基站的 可用信道列表得到该基站的可用信道列表， 并发送给该基站；
( 2 ) 当网络节点为基站时， 基站向其上层节点 （中心控制节点）提供 基站的地理位置信息， 基站的上层节点将基站提供的地理位置信息和 /或上 层节点的标识一起发送给数据库， 数据库根据基站的地理位置向基站的上 层节点反馈基站的可用信道列表， 然后基站的上层节点根据从数据库获取 的可用信道列表和下属其它基站的可用信道列表得到该基站的可用信道列 表， 并发送给该基站， 基站根据自身射频要求从可用信道列表中选出满足 自身要求的可用信道列表；
( 3 ) 当网络节点为中心控制节点时， 基站向其上层节点（中心控制节 点）提供基站的地理位置信息、 基站的标识信息 （根据基站的标识信息可 以知道基站的射频要求， 如最小发射功率、 带外辐射、 杂散辐射）， 基站的 上层节点将基站提供的地理位置信息和基站的标识信息， 和 /或上层节点的 标识一起发送给数据库， 数据库根据基站的地理位置及基站的标识信息计 算得出满足基站要求的可用信道列表， 并将可用信道列表反馈给基站的上 层节点， 然后基站的上层节点根据从数据库获取的可用信道列表和下属其 它基站的可用信道列表得到该基站的可用信道列表；
( 4 ) 当网络节点为中心控制节点时， 基站向其上层节点（中心控制节 点）提供基站的地理位置信息、 基站的标识信息 （根据基站的标识信息可 以知道基站的射频要求， 如最小发射功率、 带外辐射、 杂散辐射）， 基站的 上层节点将基站的地理位置信息和 /或上层节点的标识一起发送给数据库， 数据库根据基站的地理位置向基站的上层节点反馈基站的可用信道列表， 然后基站的上层节点根据从数据库获取的可用信道列表和下属其它基站的 可用信道列表得到该基站的可用信道列表 , 最后基站的上层节点根据基站 的射频要求从可用信道列表中选出满足基站要求的可用信道列表。
其中， 信道分类信息包括以下一项或多项： 信道质量状况、 信道空闲 时间、 信道发射参数限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率；
所述信道质量状况是指能够反映次级系统使用主系统空闲频谱时接收 机接收到的有用信号的质量的量， 网络节点可以通过次级设备测量获取信 道质量状况， 也可以从 REM信息获取信道质量状况， 信道质量状况可以使 用信道的性能指标来表征， 比如用信噪比 （SNR, Signal to Noise Ratio ), 误码率等来表征； 信道空闲时间是指从特定时间开始到信道被主系统重新 占用之间的时间长度， 网络节点可以根据先前信道空闲时间的记录利用统 计方法估计信道空闲时间， 也可以从数据库获取信道空闲时间； 所述信道 发射参数限制包括对以下一项或多项的限制： 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道 泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限制； 信道地理隔 离度是指无线环境中存在的自然隔离和 /或次级系统发射机与主系统覆盖边 缘之间的距离， 网络节点从数据库或无线环境地图 REM信息中获取所述信 道地理隔离度； 信道频谱频率是指信道频谱起始频率、 终止频率或中心频 率， 网络节点从数据库获取所述信道频谱频率；
其中， 所述最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制是 指次级系统使用主系统空闲信道时， 次级系统的这些射频参数（即相应最 大发射功率、 邻信道泄漏比、 杂散辐射） 的上限， 所述最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制可以由数据库计算， 网络节点从数据库 获取， 也可以由网络节点计算得到； 所述信道允许的最大干扰水平限制是 指次级系统使用主系统空闲信道时， 主系统能够容忍的干扰水平的上限， 网络节点从数据库获取所述信道允许的最大干扰水平限制。
其中， 网络节点生成信道集， 具体为： 当根据可用信道列表和信道质 量状况生成信道集时， 则将信道质量状况划分为 N个范围 （N为正整数）， 按照可用信道列表中的信道质量状况所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N 个信道集； 当根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集时， 则将信道 空闲时间划分为 N个范围， 按照可用信道列表中的信道空闲时间所属的范 围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 当根据可用信道列表和信道发射参 数限制生成信道集时， 则将信道发射参数限制中的其中一项划分为 N个范 围， 按照可用信道列表中的信道发射参数限制中相应项 （即划分为 N个范 围的项）所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 当根据可用信道 列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集时， 则将信道地理隔离度划分为 N个范 围， 按照可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度所属的范围将可用信道列表划分 为 N个信道集； 当根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集时， 按照 可用信道列表中信道频谱频率所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道 较佳地， 也可以根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时 间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的 最大干扰水平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或多项 生成 N个信道集； 优选的， 当根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集时， 则将信 道质量状况划分为 1个范围， 即确定一个信道质量阈值， 可用信道列表中 信道质量小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道组 成信道集 2;
优选的， 当根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集时， 则将信 道空闲时间划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道空闲时间阈值， 可用信道列 表中信道空闲时间小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值 的信道组成信道集 2;
优选的， 当根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道集时， 则 将信道发射参数限制中的其中一项划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道发射 参数限制中相应项的阈值， 可用信道列表中信道发射参数限制中相应项小 于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 优选的， 当根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集时， 则将 信道地理隔离度划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道地理隔离度阈值， 可用 信道列表中信道地理隔离度小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于 所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2;
优选的， 当根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集时， 则将信 道频谱频率划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道频谱频率阈值， 可用信道列 表中信道频谱频率小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值 的信道组成信道集 2;
优选的， 当根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大 干扰水平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成 信道集时， 则针对所述任意两项或多项中的每一项确定一个阈值， 得到所 述任意两项或多项的阈值组合， 将属于相同阈值组合的可用信道列表中的 信道组成一个信道集。
较佳地， 网络节点还可以对信道集中的信道按照信道质量状况和 /或相 邻基站信道集中信道的优先级进行优先级排序。
其中， 维护和更新信道集， 具体为： 网络节点周期地或事件触发地根 据频谱感知测量结果， 和 /或数据库信息， 和 /或 REM信息， 和 /或监管域命 令维护更新信道。 包括从信道集删除某个不满足信道集条件的信道， 或向 信道集中添加满足信道集条件的信道；
其中， 监管域命令是指监管域向认知系统发送的退出指定频段的命令， 当监管域临时规划预留某个或某些频段用于特定业务， 或由于地方法规的 限制， 不允许认知系统使用某个或某些频段时， 监管域需要向认知系统发 送命令， 通知认知系统退出指定频段。
步驟 202, 网络节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配；
其中， 触发频谱分配的事件包括以下一种或几种情况： CR系统正在使 用的主系统空闲频谱上出现主用户， CR系统使用主系统空闲频谱对主用户 造成了干扰，接收到监管域指定的退出频谱正是 CR系统正在使用的主系统 空闲频谱的命令， CR系统当前负载较重或通信质量较差等；
当上述情况发生时， 所述网络节点分配频谱的方法具体为： 当网络节 点为基站时， 当根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集时， 基站根 据自身对信道质量的要求， 从符合信道质量要求的信道集中选择信道； 当 根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集时， 基站根据自身对信道空 闲时间的要求， 从符合信道空闲时间要求的信道集中选择信道； 当根据可 用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道集时， 基站根据自身对信道发射 参数的要求， 从符合信道发射参数限制要求的信道集中选择信道； 当根据 可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集时， 基站根据自身对信道地理 隔离度的要求， 从符合信道地理隔离度要求的信道集中选择信道； 当根据 可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集时， 基站根据自身对信道频谱频 率的要求， 从符合信道频谱频率要求的信道集中选择信道； 当根据可用信 道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道 泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道发射参 数限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成信道集 时， 根据基站对所述任意两项或多项的要求， 从符合基站要求的信道集中 选择信道；
当上述情况发生时， 所述网络节点分配频谱的方法具体为： 当网络节 点为中心控制节点时， 当根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集时， 基站根据自身对信道质量的要求向中心控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制节点 从符合信道质量要求的信道集中选择信道分配给基站； 当根据可用信道列 表和信道空闲时间生成信道集时， 基站根据自身对信道空闲时间的要求向 中心控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制节点从符合信道空闲时间要求的信道集 中选择信道分配给基站； 当根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信 道集时， 基站根据自身对信道发射参数的要求向中心控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制节点从符合信道发射参数限制要求的信道集中选择信道分配给基 站； 当根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集时， 基站根据自身 对信道地理隔离度的要求向中心控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制节点从符合 信道地理隔离度要求的信道集中选择信道分配给基站； 当根据可用信道列 表和信道频谱频率生成信道集时， 基站根据自身对信道频谱频率的要求向 中心控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制节点从符合信道频谱频率要求的信道集 中选择信道分配给基站； 当根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道 空闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道 允许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项 或多项生成信道集时， 基站根据自身对所述任意两项或多项的要求向中心 控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制节点从符合基站要求的信道集中选择信道。 较佳地， 当符合基站的信道要求的信道集为空， 或没有选到合适的信 道时， 由基站的上层节点 （如中心控制节点）协调下属各基站分配频谱。
值得说明的是， 上述两个步驟 201和 202中所述的网络节点是同一个 节点。
实施例一
图 3是本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法的实施例一的流程示 意图， 其中中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集。 该方法包括以下步驟：
步驟 301 , 中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道 集， 并维护更新信道集；
其中， 可用信道列表由中心控制节点从数据库中获取； 可用信道列表 获取方法为：
基站向其所属中心控制节点提供基站的地理位置信息、 基站的标识信 息 （根据基站的标识信息可以知道基站的射频要求， 如最小发射功率、 带 外辐射、 杂散辐射）， 中心控制节点将基站提供的信息和自身标识一起发送 给数据库， 数据库根据基站的地理位置及基站的标识信息计算得出满足基 站要求的可用信道列表， 并将可用信道列表反馈给中心控制节点， 然后中 心控制节点根据从数据库获取的可用信道列表和下属其它基站的可用信道 列表得到该基站的可用信道列表。
这里， 中心控制节点获取可用信道列表的方法不止一种， 也可以采用 其它的方法， 例如， 基站向其所属中心控制节点提供基站的地理位置信息、 基站的标识信息 （根据基站的标识信息可以知道基站的射频要求， 如最小 发射功率、 带外辐射、 杂散辐射）， 中心控制节点将基站的地理位置信息和 自身标识一起发送给数据库， 数据库根据基站的地理位置向中心控制节点 反馈基站的可用信道列表， 然后中心控制节点根据从数据库获取的可用信 道列表和下属其它基站的可用信道列表得到该基站的可用信道列表， 最后 中心控制节点根据基站的射频要求从可用信道列表中选出满足基站要求的 可用信道列表。
信道质量状况是指能够反映次级系统使用主系统空闲频谱时接收机接 收到的有用信号的质量的量。 中心控制节点可以通过次级设备测量获取信 道质量状况， 也可以从 REM信息获取信道质量状况； 信道质量状况可以使 用信道的性能指标来表征， 比如用 SNR、 误码率等来表征。
其中， 中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集， 具体为： 将信道质量状况划分为 N个范围 （N为正整数）， 按照可用信道列 表中的信道质量状况所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集，例如， 以 SNR表征信道质量， 将 SNR划分为 N个范围， （-∞, SNR 1 , [SNRh,
SNR2)2, , [SNRN-1 , +∞)N, 其中 SNR^SNR^SNR^ <SNRN-1 , 当 可用信道列表中信道 SNR属于第 k个集合 [SNRk_ SNRk)k时， 该信道属 于信道集 k;
较佳地， 每个基站都对应 N个信道集；
优选的，将信道质量状况划分为 2个范围，即确定一个信道 SNR阈值， 可用信道列表中的信道 SNR小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 , 大于或等 于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 例如， 假设信道 SNR阈值为 30dB, 当可 用信道列表中信道 SNR属于 (-∞, 30dB)l时， 该信道属于信道集 1 , 当可 用信道列表中信道 SNR属于 [30dB, +∞)2时， 该信道属于信道集 2;
较佳地， 中心控制节点还可以对信道集中的信道按照信道质量状况和 / 或相邻基站中信道的优先级进行优先级排序。 具体地， 信道质量越好， 优 先级越高； 信道在邻基站信道集中优先级越高， 在本基站中优先级越低。
其中， 维护和更新信道集， 具体为： 中心控制节点周期地或事件触发 地根据频谱感知测量结果， 和 /或数据库信息， 和 /或 REM信息， 和 /或监管 域命令维护更新信道。 包括从信道集删除某个不满足信道集条件的信道， 或向信道集中添加满足信道集条件的信道； 具体地， 以上述生成两个信道 集为例， ^^设更新前信道集 1为{信道 1 , 信道 2} , 信道集 2为{信道 3 , 信 道 4} ; 更新前信道 1至信道 4的 SNR分别为 25dB、 24dB、 35dB、 30dB, 随后信道 1至信道 4的 SNR变为 24dB、 33dB、 25dB、 30dB。 则更新后信 道集 1为{信道 1 , 信道 3} , 信道集 2为{信道 2, 信道 4}。 按照信道 SNR 的大小对信道集中的信道进行优先级排序， 则最终更新后信道集 1为{信道 3 , 信道 1} , 信道集 2为{信道 2, 信道 4}。
其中， 监管域命令是指监管域向认知系统发送的退出指定频段的命令， 当监管域临时规划预留某个或某些频段用于特定业务， 或由于地方法规的 限制， 不允许认知系统使用某个或某些频段时， 监管域需要向认知系统发 送命令， 通知认知系统退出指定频段。
步驟 302, 中心控制节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配； 其中， 触发频谱分配的事件包括以下一种或几种情况： CR系统正在使 用的主系统空闲频谱上出现主用户， CR系统使用主系统的空闲频谱对主用 户造成了干扰，接收到监管域指定的退出频谱正是 CR系统正在使用的主系 统空闲频谱的命令， CR系统当前负载较重或通信质量较差等；
当上述情况发生时， 所述中心控制节点分配频谱的方法具体为： 基站 根据自身对信道质量的要求向中心控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制节点从符 合信道质量要求的信道集中选择信道分配给基站， 具体地， 以上述生成两 个信道集为例， 当基站需要提供服务质量要求较高的业务时， 例如需要满 足 SNR大于或等于 30dB时， 则从信道集 2中优先级高的信道开始选择信 道， 否则， 当基站需要提供服务质量要求不太高的业务时， 则从信道集 1 中选择信道。 较佳地， 当符合信道质量要求的信道集为空， 或没有选到合适的信道 时， 由基站的上层节点 （如中心控制节点）协调下属各基站分配频谱。
实施例二
图 4是本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法的实施例二的流程示 意图， 其中中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集。 该方法包括以下步驟：
步驟 401 , 中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道 集， 并维护更新信道集；
其中， 可用信道列表由中心控制节点从数据库中获取。 获取的方法与 实施例一中步驟 301中的方法相同， 这里不再赘述；
其中， 信道空闲时间是指从特定时间开始到信道被主系统重新占用之 间的时间长度， 中心控制节点可以根据先前信道空闲时间的记录利用统计 方法估计信道空闲时间， 也可以从数据库获取信道空闲时间。
其中， 中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集， 具体为： 将信道空闲时间划分为 N个范围 （N为正整数）， 按照可用信道列 表中的信道空闲时间所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集，例如， 信道空闲时间划分为 N个范围，（-∞, T 1 , [T Τ2)2, · · · · · · , [ΤΝ-1 , +∞)Ν, 其中 T^T^ ...... <ΤΝ-1 , 当可用信道列表中信道的空闲时间属于第 k个集 合 [Tw,, Tk)k时， 则该信道属于信道集 k;
较佳地， 每个基站都对应 N个信道集；
优选的， 将信道空闲时间划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道空闲时间 阈值， 可用信道列表中的信道空闲时间小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 , 大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 例如，假设信道空闲时间阈值为 2分钟， 当可用信道列表中信道空闲时间属于 (-∞, 2)1 时， 该信道属于信 道集 1 , 当可用信道列表中信道空闲时间属于 [2, +∞)2时， 该信道属于信 道集 2;
较佳地， 中心控制节点还可以对信道集中的信道按照信道质量状况和 / 或相邻基站信道集中信道的优先级进行优先级排序。 具体地， 信道质量越 好， 优先级越高； 信道在邻基站信道集中优先级越高， 在本基站中优先级 越低。
其中， 维护和更新信道集， 具体为： 中心控制节点周期地或事件触发 地根据频谱感知测量结果， 和 /或数据库信息， 和 /或 REM信息， 和 /或监管 域命令维护更新信道。 包括从信道集删除某个不满足信道集条件的信道， 或向信道集中添加满足信道集条件的信道； 具体地， 以上述生成两个信道 集为例， ^^设更新前信道集 1为{信道 1 , 信道 2} , 信道集 2为{信道 3 , 信 道 4} ; 更新前信道 1至信道 4的信道空闲时间分别为 1.5分钟、 1分钟、 3.5 分钟、 3分钟， 随后信道 1至信道 4的信道空闲时间变为 1.6分钟、 3.7分 钟、 2分钟、 3分钟。 则更新后信道集 1为{信道 1 } , 信道集 2为{信道 2, 信道 3 ,信道 4}。假设信道 1至信道 4的表征信道质量的 SNR分别为 30dB、 32dB、 25dB、 30dB, 则按照信道 SNR的大小对信道集中的信道进行优先 级排序， 则最终更新后信道集 1为{信道 1 } , 信道集 2为{信道 2, 信道 4, 信道 3}。
其中， 监管域命令是指监管域向认知系统发送的退出指定频段的命令， 当监管域临时规划预留某个或某些频段用于特定业务， 或由于地方法规的 限制， 不允许认知系统使用某个或某些频段时， 监管域需要向认知系统发 送命令， 通知认知系统退出指定频段。
步驟 402, 中心控制节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配； 其中， 触发频谱分配的事件包括以下一种或几种情况： CR系统正在使 用的主系统空闲频谱上出现主用户， CR系统使用主系统的空闲频谱对主用 户造成了干扰，接收到监管域指定的退出频谱正是 CR系统正在使用的主系 统空闲频谱的命令， CR系统当前负载较重或通信质量较差等； 当上述情况发生时， 所述中心控制节点分配频谱的方法具体为： 基站 根据自身对信道空闲时间的要求向中心控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制节点 从符合信道空闲时间要求的信道集中选择信道分配给基站， 具体地， 以上 述生成两个信道集为例， 当基站需要提供信道空闲时间要求较长的业务时， 例如需要满足信道空闲时间大于或等于 2分钟时， 则从信道集 2中优先级 高的信道开始选择信道， 否则， 当基站需要提供信道空闲时间要求不太长 的业务时从信道集 1中选择信道。
较佳地， 当符合信道空闲时间要求的信道集为空， 或没有选到合适的 信道时， 由基站的上层节点（如中心控制节点）协调下属各基站分配频谱。
实施例三
图 5是本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法的实施例三的流程示 意图， 其中中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道 集。 该方法包括以下步驟：
步驟 501 ,中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信 道集， 并维护更新信道集；
其中， 可用信道列表由中心控制节点从数据库中获取。 获取的方法与 实施例一中步驟 301中的方法相同， 这里不再赘述；
其中， 所述信道发射参数限制包括对以下一项或多项的限制： 最大发 射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水 平限制；
其中， 所述最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制是 指次级系统使用主系统空闲信道时， 次级系统的这些射频参数的上限， 所 述最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制可以由数据库计 算， 网络节点从数据库获取， 也可以由网络节点计算得到； 所述信道允许 的最大干扰水平限制是指次级系统使用主系统空闲信道时， 主系统能够容 忍的干扰水平的上限， 网络节点从数据库获取所述信道允许的最大干扰水 平限制。
其中， 中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道 集， 具体为： 以信道发射参数限制中的最大发射功率的限制为例， 将信道 允许的最大发射功率划分为 N个范围（N为正整数）， 按照可用信道列表中 的允许的最大发射功率所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集， 例 如， 允许的最大发射功率划分为 N个范围， （-∞, P 1 , [Pj, P2)2, ...... ,
[ΡΝ-1 , +∞)Ν, 其中 P^P^Ps ...... <ΡΝ-1 , 当可用信道列表中信道允许的最大 发射功率属于第 k个集合 [Pk_ Pk)k时， 则该信道属于信道集 k; 以邻信道 泄漏比限制或杂散辐射限制或信道允许的最大干扰水平限制为例的情况与 以最大发射功率限制为例的情况类似， 这里不再重述；
较佳地， 每个基站都对应 N个信道集；
优选的， 将信道允许的最大发射功率划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信 道允许的最大发射功率阈值， 可用信道列表中的信道允许的最大发射功率 小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 例如， 假设信道允许的最大发射功率阈值为 45dBm, 当可用信道列表中 信道允许的最大发射功率属于 (-∞, 45dBm)l时， 该信道属于信道集 1 , 当 可用信道列表中信道允许的最大发射功率属于 [45dBm, +∞)2 时， 该信道 属于信道集 2;
较佳地， 中心控制节点还可以对信道集中的信道按照信道质量状况和 / 或相邻基站信道集中信道的优先级进行优先级排序。 具体地， 信道质量越 好， 优先级越高； 信道在邻基站信道集中优先级越高， 在本基站中优先级 越低。
其中， 维护和更新信道集， 具体为： 中心控制节点周期地或事件触发 地根据频谱感知测量结果， 和 /或数据库信息， 和 /或 REM信息， 和 /或监管 域命令维护更新信道。 包括从信道集删除某个不满足信道集条件的信道， 或向信道集中添加满足信道集条件的信道； 具体地， 以上述生成两个信道 集为例， ^^设更新前信道集 1为{信道 1 , 信道 2} , 信道集 2为{信道 3 , 信 道 4} ; 更新前信道 1至信道 4允许的最大发射功率分别为 40dBm、 44dBm、 45dBm、 48dBm, 随后信道 1至信道 4允许的最大发射功率变为 40dBm、 47dBm、 45dBm、 44dBm。 则更新后信道集 1为 {信道 1 , 信道 4} , 信道集 2为 {信道 2, 信道 3}。 假设信道 1至信道 4的表征信道质量的 SNR分别为 30dB、 32dB、 25dB、 31dB, 则按照信道 SNR的大小对信道集中的信道进 行优先级排序， 则最终更新后信道集 1为{信道 4,信道 1} ,信道集 2为{信 道 2, 信道 3}。
其中， 监管域命令是指监管域向认知系统发送的退出指定频段的命令， 当监管域临时规划预留某个或某些频段用于特定业务， 或由于地方法规的 限制， 不允许认知系统使用某个或某些频段时， 监管域需要向认知系统发 送命令， 通知认知系统退出指定频段。
步驟 502, 中心控制节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配； 其中， 触发频谱分配的事件包括以下一种或几种情况： CR系统正在使 用的主系统空闲频谱上出现主用户， CR系统使用主系统的空闲频谱对主用 户造成了干扰，接收到监管域指定的退出频谱正是 CR系统正在使用的主系 统空闲频谱的命令， CR系统当前负载较重或通信质量较差等；
当上述情况发生时， 所述中心控制节点分配频谱的方法具体为： 基站 根据自身对信道发射参数限制中其中一项的要求向中心控制节点申请频 谱， 中心控制节点从符合信道发射参数限制要求的信道集中选择信道分配 给基站， 具体地， 以上述生成两个信道集为例， 当基站对信道的最大发射 功率要求大于或等于 45dBm时， 则从信道集 1中优先级高的信道开始选择 信道， 否则， 当基站对信道的最大发射功率要求小于 45dBm时， 从信道集 1中选择信道。
较佳地， 当符合基站发射功率要求的信道集为空， 或没有选到合适的 信道时， 由基站的上层节点（如中心控制节点）协调下属各基站分配频谱。
实施例四
图 6是本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法的实施例四的示意流 程图， 其中中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集。 该方法包括以下步驟：
步驟 601 ,中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道 集， 并维护更新信道集；
其中， 可用信道列表由中心控制节点从数据库中获取。 获取的方法与 实施例一中步驟 301中的方法相同， 这里不再赘述；
其中， 所述信道地理隔离度指无线环境中存在的自然隔离和 /或次级系 统发射机与主系统覆盖边缘之间的距离， 中心控制节点从数据库或 REM信 息中获取所述信道地理隔离度。
其中， 中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集， 具体为： 以信道地理隔离度为无线环境中存在的自然隔离为例， 将次级系 统使用主系统空闲频谱时无线信号穿越高大建筑物或高山时的损耗划分为 N个范围 （N为正整数）， 按照可用信道列表中信道穿越损耗所属的范围将 可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集， 例如， 穿越损耗划分为 N个范围， （-∞,
L 1 , [L L2)2, · · ·· · · , [LN-1 , +∞)Ν, 其中！^<ί2<ί3 <LN-1 , 当可用信 道列表中信道地理隔离度属于第 k个集合 [Pk_ Pk)k时， 则该信道属于信道 集 k;
较佳地， 每个基站都对应 N个信道集；
优选的， 将信道地理隔离度划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道地理隔 离度阈值， 可用信道列表中的信道地理隔离度小于所述阈值的信道组成信 道集 1 , 大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 例如， 假设信道穿透损 耗阈值为 20dB, 当可用信道列表中信道穿透损耗属于 （-∞, 20dB)l 时， 该信道属于信道集 1 , 当可用信道列表中信道穿透损耗属于 [20dB, +∞)2 时， 该信道属于信道集 2;
较佳地， 中心控制节点还可以对信道集中的信道按照信道质量状况和 / 或相邻基站信道集中信道的优先级进行优先级排序。 具体地， 信道质量越 好， 优先级越高； 信道在邻基站信道集中优先级越高， 在本基站中优先级 越低。
其中， 维护和更新信道集， 具体为： 中心控制节点周期地或事件触发 地根据频谱感知测量结果， 和 /或数据库信息， 和 /或 REM信息， 和 /或监管 域命令维护更新信道。 包括从信道集删除某个不满足信道集条件的信道， 或向信道集中添加满足信道集条件的信道； 具体地， 以上述生成两个信道 集为例， ^^设更新前信道集 1为{信道 1 , 信道 2} , 信道集 2为{信道 3 , 信 道 4} ; 更新前信道 1至信道 4信道穿透损耗分别为 12dB、 18dB、 20dB、 25dB, 随后信道 1至信道 4信道穿透损耗变为 20dB、 18dB、 18dB、 25dB。 则更新后信道集 1为{信道 2, 信道 3} , 信道集 2为{信道 1 , 信道 4}。 假 设信道 1至信道 4的表征信道质量的 SNR分别为 30dB、32dB、25dB、31dB, 则按照信道 SNR的大小对信道集中的信道进行优先级排序， 则最终更新后 信道集 1为{信道 2, 信道 3} , 信道集 2为{信道 4, 信道 1}。
其中， 监管域命令是指监管域向认知系统发送的退出指定频段的命令， 当监管域临时规划预留某个或某些频段用于特定业务， 或由于地方法规的 限制， 不允许认知系统使用某个或某些频段时， 监管域需要向认知系统发 送命令， 通知认知系统退出指定频段。
步驟 602, 中心控制节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配； 其中， 触发频谱分配的事件包括以下一种或几种情况： CR系统正在使 用的主系统空闲频谱上出现主用户， CR系统使用主系统的空闲频谱对主用 户造成了干扰，接收到监管域指定的退出频谱正是 CR系统正在使用的主系 统空闲频谱的命令， CR系统当前负载较重或通信质量较差等；
当上述情况发生时， 所述中心控制节点分配频谱的方法具体为： 基站 根据自身对信道地理隔离度的要求向中心控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制节 点从符合信道地理隔离度要求的信道集中选择信道分配给基站， 具体地， 以上述生成两个信道集为例， 当基站对信道地理隔离度要求大于或等于 20dB时， 则从信道集 2中优先级高的信道开始选择信道， 否则， 当基站对 信道地理隔离度要求小于 20dB时， 从信道集 1中选择信道。
较佳地， 当符合基站信道地理隔离度要求的信道集为空， 或没有选到 合适的信道时， 由基站的上层节点 （如中心控制节点）协调下属各基站分 配频谱。
实施例五
图 7是本发明基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法的实施例五的流程示 意图， 其中中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集。 该方法包括以下步驟：
步驟 701 , 中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道 集， 并维护更新信道集；
其中， 可用信道列表由中心控制节点从数据库中获取。 获取的方法与 实施例一中步驟 301中的方法相同， 这里不再赘述；
其中， 所述信道频谱频率指信道频谱起始频率、 终止频率或中心频率， 中心控制节点从数据库获取所述信道频谱频率。
其中， 中心控制节点根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集， 具体为： 将信道频谱频率划分为 N个范围（N为正整数）， 按照可用信道列 表中信道频谱频率所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集， 例如， 信道频谱频率划分为 N个范围， （-∞, F 1 , [F F2)2, ...... , [FN-1 , +∞)Ν, 其中 Fi<F2<F3...... <FN-1 , 当可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度属于第 k个集 合 [Fw , Fk)k时， 则该信道属于信道集 k;
较佳地， 每个基站都对应 N个信道集；
优选的， 将信道频谱频率划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道频谱频率 阈值， 可用信道列表中的信道频谱频率小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 , 大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 例如，假设信道频谱频率阈值为 500MHz, 当可用信道列表中信道频谱频率属于（-∞, 500MHz) l时， 该信 道属于信道集 1 , 当可用信道列表中信道频谱频率属于 [500MHz, +∞)2时， 该信道属于信道集 2;
较佳地， 中心控制节点还可以对信道集中的信道按照信道质量状况和 / 或相邻基站信道集中信道的优先级进行优先级排序。 具体地， 信道质量越 好， 优先级越高； 信道在邻基站信道集中优先级越高， 在本基站中优先级 越低。
其中， 维护和更新信道集， 具体为： 中心控制节点周期地或事件触发 地根据频谱感知测量结果， 和 /或数据库信息， 和 /或 REM信息， 和 /或监管 域命令维护更新信道。 包括从信道集删除某个不满足信道集条件的信道， 或向信道集中添加满足信道集条件的信道； 具体地， 以上述生成两个信道 集为例， ^^设更新前信道集 1为{信道 1 , 信道 2} , 信道集 2为{信道 3 , 信 道 4} ; 更新前信道 1 至信道 4信道频谱频率分别为 450MHz、 480MHz、 500MHz, 600MHz, 对于特定的信道来说， 信道频谱频率是固定的， 因此 不会发生信道频谱频率的改变。 信道集的更新主要是由信道频谱频率之外 的因素改变导致的，比如主系统重新使用信道 1或收到监管域命令为信道 1 禁止次系统使用， 则需要从信道集 1中删除信道 1。 此后， 假设信道 2、 信 道 3、 信道 4的表征信道质量的 SNR分别为 30dB、 32dB、 31dB, 则按照 信道 SNR的大小对信道集中的信道进行优先级排序， 则最终更新后信道集 1为{信道 2} , 信道集 2为{信道 3 , 信道 4}。
其中， 监管域命令是指监管域向认知系统发送的退出指定频段的命令， 当监管域临时规划预留某个或某些频段用于特定业务， 或由于地方法规的 限制， 不允许认知系统使用某个或某些频段时， 监管域需要向认知系统发 送命令， 通知认知系统退出指定频段。
步驟 702, 中心控制节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配； 其中， 触发频谱分配的事件包括以下一种或几种情况： CR系统正在使 用的主系统空闲频谱上出现主用户， CR系统使用主系统的空闲频谱对主用 户造成了干扰，接收到监管域指定的退出频谱正是 CR系统正在使用的主系 统空闲频谱的命令， CR系统当前负载较重或通信质量较差等；
当上述情况发生时， 所述中心控制节点分配频谱的方法具体为： 基站 根据自身的无线传播环境和射频要求向中心控制节点申请频谱， 中心控制 节点从符合基站要求的信道集中选择信道分配给基站， 比如在农村或者郊 区， 由于基站优先考虑满足覆盖的要求， 通常可以选择频率较低的信道， 如从信道集（-∞, 500MHz ) 1中选择信道； 而对于城区， 由于建筑物较多 可以优先选择频率偏高的信道， 如从信道集 [500MHz, +∞)2中选择信道。
较佳地， 当符合基站信道频谱频率要求的信道集为空， 或没有选到合 适的信道时， 由基站的上层节点 （如， 中心控制节点）协调下属各基站分 配频谱。
上述五个实施例给出了中心控制节点生成、 维护更新信道集及分配频 谱的方法， 基站生成、 维护更新信道集及分配频谱的方法与其类似， 其差 别主要体现在： 获取可用信道列表的方法和从信道集中选择频谱并进行频 谱分配的方法。 基站生成信道集及维护更新信道集的方法与中心控制节点 相同。
其中， 基站从数据库获取可用信道列表的方法具体为：
基站向其所属中心控制节点提供基站的地理位置信息、 基站的标识信 息 （根据基站的标识信息可以知道基站的射频要求， 如最小发射功率、 带 外辐射、 杂散辐射）， 中心控制节点将基站提供的信息和自身标识一起发送 给数据库， 数据库根据基站的地理位置及其标识信息计算得出满足基站要 求的可用信道列表， 并将可用信道列表反馈给中心控制节点， 然后中心控 制节点根据从数据库获取的可用信道列表和下属其它基站的可用信道列表 得到该基站的可用信道列表， 并发送给该基站；
这里， 基站获取可用信道列表的方法不止一种， 也可以采用其它的方 法， 例如， 基站向其所属中心控制节点提供基站的地理位置信息， 中心控 制节点将基站提供的信息和自身标识一起发送给数据库， 数据库根据基站 的地理位置向中心控制节点反馈基站的可用信道列表， 然后中心控制节点 根据从数据库获取的可用信道列表和下属其它基站的可用信道列表得到该 基站的可用信道列表， 并发送给该基站， 基站根据自身射频要求从可用信 道列表中选出满足自身要求的可用信道列表。
其中， 在基站从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱分配的方法中， 基站不 需要向中心控制节点申请频谱， 而是基站根据自身对信道的要求直接从信 道集中选择信道。 具体地， 以实施例一中根据可用信道列表和信道质量状 况生成两个信道集：信道集 1 (信道 SNR属于 (-∞ , 30dB)l )和信道集 2 (信 道 SNR属于 [30dB, +∞)2 ) 为例， 基站根据自身对信道质量的要求， 从符 合信道质量要求的信道集中选择信道， 当基站需要提供服务质量要求较高 的业务时， 例如需要满足 SNR大于或等于 30dB时， 则从信道集 2中优先 级高的信道开始选择信道， 否则， 当基站需要提供服务质量要求不太高的 业务时， 则基站从信道集 1中选择信道。 较佳地， 当符合基站信道质量要求的信道集为空， 或没有选到合适的 信道时， 由基站的上层节点（如中心控制节点）协调下属各基站分配频谱。
值得说明的是， 上述五个实施例中信道集生成的方法还可以结合起来 使用， 根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 最大发射 功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平 限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成信道集。 比如， 根据可用信道列表、 信道质量状况和信道空闲时间生成信道集的方 法可以是： 确定一个信道质量状况 SNR阈值为 30dB和一个信道空闲时间 阈值为 2分钟， 则得到的阈值组合有四种， 分别为信道质量状况小于 30dB 并且信道空闲时间小于 2分钟、信道质量状况小于 30dB并且信道空闲时间 大于或等于 2分钟、信道质量状况大于或等于 30dB并且信道空闲时间小于 2分钟、 信道质量状况大于或等于 30dB并且信道空闲时间大于或等于 2分 钟， 根据可用信道列表中信道的信道质量状况和信道空闲时间所属的阈值 组合， 将可用信道列表划分成四个信道集； 进行信道选择时可以根据基站 对信道质量状况和信道空闲时间的要求从信道集中选择合适的信道。
实施例六
基于上述实施例， 本发明还提供一种基于信道管理的动态频谱分配装 置的实施例， 该装置位于基站或中心控制节点， 该装置包括：
信道集生成模块， 用于根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集， 并维护和更新信道集；
频谱分配模块， 用于从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱分配。
所述信道分类信息包括以下一项或多项： 信道质量状况、 信道空闲时 间、 信道发射参数限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率。
其中， 所述信道质量状况是能够反映次级系统使用主系统空闲频谱 时接收机接收到的有用信号的质量的量； 所述信道集生成模块通过次级 设备测量获取所述信道质量状况、或从 REM信息中获取所述信道质量状 况；
所述信道空闲时间是从特定时间开始到信道被主系统重新占用之间 的时间长度； 所述信道集生成模块根据先前信道空闲时间的记录利用统 计方法估计所述信道空闲时间、 或从数据库获取所述信道空闲时间；
所述信道发射参数限制包括如下一项或多项： 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限制； 其 中， 所述最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制是次级 系统使用主系统空闲信道时， 次级系统的相应最大发射功率、 邻信道泄 漏比、 杂散辐射的上限， 所述最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制由数据库计算， 所述信道集生成模块从数据库获取， 或者 由所述信道集生成模块计算得到； 所述信道允许的最大干扰水平限制是 次级系统使用主系统空闲信道时， 主系统能够容忍的干扰水平的上限， 所述信道集生成模块从数据库获取所述信道允许的最大干扰水平限制； 所述信道地理隔离度是无线环境中存在的自然隔离和 /或次级系统发 射机与主系统覆盖边缘之间的距离； 所述信道集生成模块从数据库获取 所述信道地理隔离度、 或从 REM信息中获取所述信道地理隔离度；
所述信道频谱频率是信道频谱起始频率、 终止频率或中心频率； 所 述信道集生成模块从数据库获取所述信道频谱频率。
所述根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集具体为：
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道质量状况划分为 N个范围， N为正整 数， 并按照可用信道列表中的信道质量状况所属的范围将可用信道列表划 分为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道空闲时间划分为 N个范围， 并按照可 用信道列表中的信道空闲时间所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道 集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道 集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道地理隔离度划分为 N个范围， 并 按照可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N 个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道 集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道发射参数限制中的其中一项划分 为 N个范围， 按照可用信道列表中的信道发射参数限制中相应项所属的范 围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道频谱频率划分为 N个范围， 按照可用 信道列表中信道频谱频率所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空 闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允 许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或 多项生成 N个信道集。
优选地， 每个基站都对应 N个信道集。
优选地， 所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生 成信道集， 将信道质量状况划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道质量阈值， 可用信道列表中信道质量小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于 所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道 集， 将信道空闲时间划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道空闲时间阈值， 可用信道列表中信道空闲时间小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或 等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信 道集， 将信道发射参数限制中的其中一项划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个 信道发射参数限制中相应项的阈值， 可用信道列表中信道发射参数限制 中相应项小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道 组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道 集， 将信道地理隔离度划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道地理隔离度阈 值， 可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 , 大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道 集， 将信道频谱频率划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道频谱频率阈值， 可用信道列表中信道频谱频率小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或 等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空 闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允 许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或 多项生成信道集， 针对所述任意两项或多项中的每一项确定一个阈值， 得 到所述任意两项或多项的阈值组合， 将属于相同阈值组合的可用信道列表 中的信道组成一个信道集。
优选地， 所述信道集生成模块还用于对信道集中的信道按照信道质量 状况和 /或相邻基站信道集中信道的优先级进行优先级排序。
优选地， 当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生 成信道集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道质量的要求， 从符合信道 质量要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集 时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道空闲时间的要求， 从符合信道空闲 时间要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信 道集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道发射参数的要求， 从符合信道 发射参数限制要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道 集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道地理隔离度的要求， 从符合信道 地理隔离度要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集 时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道频谱频率的要求， 从符合信道频谱 频率要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道 空闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道 允许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道发射参数限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频 谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成信道集时， 根据基站对所述任意两项或多 项的要求， 从符合基站要求的信道集中选择信道。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围， 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进 等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种基于信道管理的动态频谱分配方法， 该方法包括： 网络节点根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道集， 并维护和 更新信道集；
网络节点从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述网络节点为基站或中心 控制节点； 当所述网络节点为中心控制节点时， 由所述中心控制节点为 基站从所述信道集中选择及分配频谱。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述可用信道列表由网络节 点从用于存储主用户相关频谱信息的数据库中获取。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述信道分类信息包括以下 一项或多项： 信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 信道发射参数限制、 信道 地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其中， 所述信道质量状况是能够反 映次级系统使用主系统空闲频谱时接收机接收到的有用信号的质量的 量。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其中， 所述信道空闲时间是从特定 时间开始到信道被主系统重新占用之间的时间长度。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其中， 所述信道发射参数限制包括 如下一项或多项： 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限 制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限制。
8、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其中， 所述信道地理隔离度是无线 环境中存在的自然隔离和 /或次级系统发射机与主系统覆盖边缘之间的距 离。
9、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其中， 所述信道频谱频率是信道频 谱起始频率、 终止频率或中心频率。
10、 根据权利要求 7 所述的方法， 其中， 所述根据可用信道列表和 信道分类信息生成信道集， 具体为：
根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集， 将信道质量状况划 分为 N个范围， N为正整数， 按照可用信道列表中的信道质量状况所属 的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集， 将信道空闲时间划 分为 N个范围， N为正整数， 按照可用信道列表中的信道空闲时间所属 的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集， 将信道地理隔离 度划分为 N个范围， 按照可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度所属的范围将 可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道集 , 将信道发射参 数限制中的其中一项划分为 N个范围， N为正整数， 按照可用信道列表 中的信道发射参数限制中相应项所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个 信道集； 或
根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集， 将信道频谱频率划 分为 N个范围， N为正整数， 按照可用信道列表中信道频谱频率所属的 范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 最大发射 功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水 平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成 N个 信道集， N为正整数。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的方法， 其中， 每个基站都对应 N个信道
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的方法， 其中， 所述根据可用信道列表和 信道分类信息生成信道集， 具体为：
根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集， 将信道质量状况划 分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道质量阈值， 可用信道列表中信道质量小 于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集， 将信道空闲时间划 分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道空闲时间阈值， 可用信道列表中信道空 闲时间小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道组 成信道集 2; 或
根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道集 , 将信道发射参 数限制中的其中一项划分为 1个范围， 即确定一个信道发射参数限制中 相应项的阈值， 可用信道列表中信道发射参数限制中相应项小于所述阈 值的信道组成信道集 1 , 大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或 根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集， 将信道地理隔离 度划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道地理隔离度阈值， 可用信道列表中 信道地理隔离度小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值 的信道组成信道集 2; 或
根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集， 将信道频谱频率划 分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道频谱频率阈值， 可用信道列表中信道频 谱频率小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道组 成信道集 2; 或
根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 最大发射 功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水 平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成信道 集， 针对所述任意两项或多项中的每一项确定一个阈值， 得到所述任意 两项或多项的阈值组合， 将属于相同阈值组合的可用信道列表中的信道 组成一个信道集。
13、 根据权利要求 4 所述的方法， 其中， 所述方法还包括： 网络节 点对信道集中的信道按照信道质量状况和 /或相邻基站信道集中信道的优 先级进行优先级排序。
14、 根据权利要求 4或 10所述的方法， 其中， 所述网络节点从信道 集中选择频谱并进行频谱的分配， 具体为：
当根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道集时， 根据基站对信 道质量的要求， 从符合信道质量要求的信道集中选择信道；
当根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道集时， 根据基站对信 道空闲时间的要求， 从符合信道空闲时间要求的信道集中选择信道； 当根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信道集时， 根据基站 对信道发射参数的要求 , 从符合信道发射参数限制要求的信道集中选择 信道；
当根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道集时， 根据基站对 信道地理隔离度的要求， 从符合信道地理隔离度要求的信道集中选择信 道；
当根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道集时， 根据基站对信 道频谱频率的要求， 从符合信道频谱频率要求的信道集中选择信道； 当根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 最大发 射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰 水平限制、 信道发射参数限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任 意两项或多项生成信道集时， 根据基站对所述任意两项或多项的要求， 从符合基站要求的信道集中选择信道。
15、 一种基于信道管理的动态频谱分配装置， 该装置包括： 信道集生成模块， 用于根据可用信道列表和信道分类信息生成信道 集， 并维护和更新信道集；
频谱分配模块， 用于从信道集中选择频谱并进行频谱分配。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的装置， 其中， 所述装置位于基站或中心 控制节点。
17、 根据权利要求 15所述的装置， 其中， 所述信道分类信息包括以 下一项或多项： 信道质量状况、 信道空闲时间、 信道发射参数限制、 信 道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的装置， 其中，
所述信道质量状况是能够反映次级系统使用主系统空闲频谱时接收 机接收到的有用信号的质量的量；
所述信道空闲时间是从特定时间开始到信道被主系统重新占用之间 的时间长度；
所述信道发射参数限制包括如下一项或多项： 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限制； 所述信道地理隔离度是无线环境中存在的自然隔离和 /或次级系统发 射机与主系统覆盖边缘之间的距离；
所述信道频谱频率是信道频谱起始频率、 终止频率或中心频率。
19、 根据权利要求 18所述的装置， 其中，
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道 集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道质量状况划分为 N个范围， 并 按照可用信道列表中的信道质量状况所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道 集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道空闲时间划分为 N个范围， 并 按照可用信道列表中的信道空闲时间所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道 集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道地理隔离度划分为 N个范围， 并按照可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度所属的范围将可用信道列表划分 为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信 道集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道发射参数限制中的其中一项 划分为 N个范围， 按照可用信道列表中的信道发射参数限制中相应项所 属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道 集， 且所述信道集生成模块还用于将信道频谱频率划分为 N个范围， 按 照可用信道列表中信道频谱频率所属的范围将可用信道列表划分为 N个 信道集； 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道 空闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信 道允许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意 两项或多项生成 N个信道集；
所述 N为正整数。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的装置， 其中， 每个基站都对应 N个信道
21、 根据权利要求 19所述的装置， 其中，
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道 集， 将信道质量状况划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道质量阈值， 可用 信道列表中信道质量小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述 阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道 集， 将信道空闲时间划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道空闲时间阈值， 可用信道列表中信道空闲时间小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或 等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成信 道集， 将信道发射参数限制中的其中一项划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个 信道发射参数限制中相应项的阈值， 可用信道列表中信道发射参数限制 中相应项小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或等于所述阈值的信道 组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信道 集， 将信道地理隔离度划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道地理隔离度阈 值， 可用信道列表中信道地理隔离度小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 , 大于或等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道 集， 将信道频谱频率划分为 2个范围， 即确定一个信道频谱频率阈值， 可用信道列表中信道频谱频率小于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 1 ,大于或 等于所述阈值的信道组成信道集 2; 或
所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信道 空闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信 道允许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意 两项或多项生成信道集， 针对所述任意两项或多项中的每一项确定一个 阈值， 得到所述任意两项或多项的阈值组合， 将属于相同阈值组合的可 用信道列表中的信道组成一个信道集。
22、 根据权利要求 17所述的装置， 其中， 所述信道集生成模块还用 于对信道集中的信道按照信道质量状况和 /或相邻基站信道集中信道的优 先级进行优先级排序。
23、 根据权利要求 17或 19所述的装置， 其中，
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道质量状况生成信道 集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道质量的要求， 从符合信道质量 要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道空闲时间生成信道 集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道空闲时间的要求， 从符合信道 空闲时间要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道发射参数限制生成 信道集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道发射参数的要求， 从符合 信道发射参数限制要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道地理隔离度生成信 道集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道地理隔离度的要求， 从符合 信道地理隔离度要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表和信道频谱频率生成信道 集时， 所述频谱分配模块根据基站对信道频谱频率的要求， 从符合信道 频谱频率要求的信道集中选择信道；
当所述信道集生成模块根据可用信道列表， 以及信道质量状况、 信 道空闲时间、 最大发射功率限制、 邻信道泄漏比限制、 杂散辐射限制、 信道允许的最大干扰水平限制、 信道发射参数限制、 信道地理隔离度、 信道频谱频率中的任意两项或多项生成信道集时， 根据基站对所述任意 两项或多项的要求， 从符合基站要求的信道集中选择信道。
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