WO2013127175A1 - 液压系统、挖掘机及液压系统的控制方法 - Google Patents

液压系统、挖掘机及液压系统的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013127175A1
WO2013127175A1 PCT/CN2012/082295 CN2012082295W WO2013127175A1 WO 2013127175 A1 WO2013127175 A1 WO 2013127175A1 CN 2012082295 W CN2012082295 W CN 2012082295W WO 2013127175 A1 WO2013127175 A1 WO 2013127175A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
control
oil
hydraulic cylinder
pressure
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PCT/CN2012/082295
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐茂林
肖波
Original Assignee
中联重科股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2013127175A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013127175A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2232Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
    • E02F9/2235Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2285Pilot-operated systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2296Systems with a variable displacement pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/024Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member by means of differential connection of the servomotor lines, e.g. regenerative circuits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/30565Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve
    • F15B2211/3058Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve having additional valves for interconnecting the fluid chambers of a double-acting actuator, e.g. for regeneration mode or for floating mode
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6306Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure
    • F15B2211/6313Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure the pressure being a load pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053Double-acting output members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and more particularly to a hydraulic system, an excavator using the hydraulic system, and a control method of the hydraulic system. Background technique
  • the prior art mainly realizes the flow regeneration function on the wide core of the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control of the medium and small excavators, so that the oil in the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder can be recirculated when the boom is lowered Into the rod cavity.
  • the system has a large flow rate, so it is difficult to realize the flow regeneration function in the multi-channel control of electro-hydraulic proportional;
  • the realization process of the flow regeneration function on the existing medium and small excavators is complicated.
  • the use of medium- and small-sized excavators has a problem in the use of multi-channel wide-core on-line flow regeneration. It is difficult to control the amount of regeneration flow, and the flow regeneration is large.
  • the excavator has poor controllability and flow regeneration. Less, the energy saving effect is not obvious. Summary of the invention
  • a hydraulic system includes a fuel tank and a hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic system further comprising a hydraulically controlled commutating valve, a control device, a control oil source providing device, and a pressure sensing device, wherein the hydraulic control is widened a first working oil port is connected to the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, and the second working oil port of the hydraulically controlled widening is connected to the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulically controlled wide oil return port is connected to the oil tank,
  • the pressure sensing device senses the pressure in the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and transmits the sensing result to the control device, and the control device determines, according to the sensing result, whether the pressure in the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is greater than a preset value, when When the pressure in the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is greater than a preset value, the control device controls the control oil source providing device to provide a control oil source to open the liquid control commutation wide, so that the hydraulic control is
  • the hydraulically controlled reversing oil return port is connected to the oil tank through a one-way wide, and the liquid control commutating wide first working oil port is further connected with the oil return port when the hydraulic control is turned wide open, Another portion of the oil in the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is returned to the tank through the one-way wide.
  • control oil source providing device comprises a pilot oil pump, an electro-hydraulic proportional decompression wide and an electromagnetic commutation wide, the electro-hydraulic proportional decompression wide and the electromagnetic commutation width are electrically connected to the control device, and the pilot oil pump provides The oil source is controlled, and the pressure of the control oil source is adjusted by the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure reduction, and then the electromagnetic commutation wide output is opened to open the liquid control commutation wide.
  • control device includes an electric handle and a controller, the pressure sensing device, the electro-hydraulic proportional decompression, the electromagnetic commutation, and the electric handle are electrically connected to the controller;
  • the signal input by the handle controls the electro-hydraulic proportional decompression to adjust the pressure of the control oil source, thereby controlling the opening degree of the throttle opening of the hydraulic control.
  • the pressure sensing device is a pressure relay. Further, the pressure sensing device is a pressure sensor.
  • control device includes a hydraulic pilot handle and a controller
  • control oil source providing device includes a pilot oil pump and an electromagnetic commutation
  • the electromagnetic commutation and the pressure sensing device are electrically connected to the controller
  • the hydraulic pilot The handle is connected between the pilot oil pump and the electromagnetic commutation wide, and the control oil source provided by the pilot oil pump is adjusted by the hydraulic pilot handle and then turned through the electromagnetic commutation wide to open the hydraulic control commutation.
  • the hydraulic system further comprises a hydraulic pump and an electro-hydraulic proportional multi-channel control, the inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump are respectively connected with the oil tank and the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control oil inlet, and the hydraulic cylinder has no a rod chamber, a rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder, and the oil tank respectively connected to the first working oil port, the second working oil port and the oil return port of the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control; when the control device determines the hydraulic cylinder When the pressure in the rodless chamber is not greater than the preset value, the hydraulic control is not turned on, and the control device controls the hydraulic pump to change the displacement and open the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control to drive with the output power of the hydraulic pump.
  • the hydraulic cylinder when the control device determines the hydraulic cylinder When the pressure in the rodless chamber is not greater than the preset value, the hydraulic control is not turned on, and the control device controls the hydraulic pump to change the displacement and open the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way
  • the hydraulic control commutation is wide to two-position three-way wide, and when the hydraulically controlled wide-range hydraulic control port receives the control of the control oil source, the liquid control is changed to a wide open core and is turned on, The first working oil port is connected to the second working oil port and the oil return port via an orifice of the hydraulically controlled reversing width.
  • An excavator also proposed in the embodiments of the present invention includes the hydraulic system as described above.
  • a hydraulic system control method is also provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the hydraulic system includes a fuel tank and a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the control method of the hydraulic system includes the following steps:
  • the hydraulic system further comprises a hydraulic pump and an electro-hydraulic proportional multi-channel control, the inlet and the outlet of the hydraulic pump are respectively connected with the oil tank and the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control oil inlet, and the hydraulic cylinder has no a rod cavity, a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and the oil tank are respectively connected with the first working oil port, the second working oil port and the oil return port which are multi-way controlled by the electro-hydraulic ratio;
  • the control method of the hydraulic system may further comprise Steps:
  • the hydraulic control commutation is not opened, the displacement of the hydraulic pump is changed, and the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-channel control is opened to utilize the output of the hydraulic pump.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is powered.
  • control method of the hydraulic system may further include the steps of: providing a control oil source providing device, adjusting a pressure supplied to the liquid control variable oil control oil source, and controlling the liquid control commutating wide orifice opening The size and the amount of oil in the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder to the cylinder in the cylinder.
  • the above embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following advantages: When the hydraulic cylinder piston descends, the oil in the rod cavity is replenished by using part of the oil in the rodless cavity, thereby realizing the regeneration function of the flow, and improving the energy utilization rate of the system. Less system fever.
  • the working device such as the boom and the arm gravity down process is realized by the hydraulic control commutation, which is compared with the conventional electro-hydraulic proportional multi-channel control operation, does not require the pump flow, does not consume the engine power;
  • the output flow of the pump can be supplied to the bucket hydraulic cylinder, which can greatly improve work efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, and achieve energy saving effect.
  • the embodiment of the present invention realizes flow regeneration by adding a liquid-controlled commutation method in addition to the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-channel control, and the liquid
  • the size of the controlled oil source is controllable, and it is easier to control the amount of regeneration flow according to the load.
  • the working posture and working condition of the construction machinery such as the excavator vary greatly, not all the potential energy of the boom and the arm can be utilized, so that the pressure sensing device can be intelligently judged, and the quick response can be passed if it cannot be utilized.
  • the pump outputs energy to the actual operator's intention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the main construction of a hydraulic system of an excavator in relation to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • a hydraulic system 100 of a construction machine such as an excavator includes: an electric handle 101 , a controller 102 , a pilot oil pump 103 , an electro-hydraulic proportional decompression width 104 , and an electromagnetic commutation width of 105 .
  • the controller 102 is electrically connected to the electric handle 101, the electro-hydraulic proportional decompression width 104, the electromagnetic commutation width 105, the pressure relay 109, the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control width 111, and the control end of the hydraulic pump 112;
  • the electric handle 101 and the controller 102 together constitute a control device as a control center of the entire hydraulic system 100;
  • the pilot oil pump 103, the electro-hydraulic proportional decompression width 104 and the electromagnetic commutation width 105 together constitute a control
  • a fuel source is provided to provide a control oil source having a specific pressure.
  • the oil inlet of the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure relief 104 is connected to the pilot oil pump 103, the oil outlet is connected to one of the working ports (the first working port) of the electromagnetic reversing head 105, and the drain port is connected to the fuel tank 110.
  • the other working port of the electromagnetic reversing width 105 (the second working port) is connected to the hydraulic control port K of the hydraulically controlled reversing head 106, and the drain port of the electromagnetic reversing head 105 is connected to the fuel tank 110.
  • the hydraulically controlled reversing width 106 is, for example, two-position three-way wide, and the first working port A is connected to the rodless chamber 108a (ie, the lower chamber) of the hydraulic cylinder 108, and the second working port B is connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 108.
  • the chamber 108b (ie, the upper chamber) and the oil return port T are connected to the oil tank 110 through the one-way wide 107 and the oil drain port Y.
  • the pressure relay 109 is connected between the rodless chamber 108a of the hydraulic cylinder 108 and the controller 102.
  • the hydraulic pump 112 is a hydraulic pump with variable displacement, which is driven by a motor; the inlet of the hydraulic pump 112 is connected to the oil tank 110, and the outlet is connected with an electro-hydraulic proportional multi-channel control inlet 111; the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control is wide
  • the first working port of the 111 is connected to the rodless chamber 108a of the hydraulic cylinder 108, the rod chamber 108b of the second working port connecting hydraulic cylinder 108, and the oil return port connecting the tank 110.
  • the working principle of the hydraulic system 100 proposed by the preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
  • the pressure relay 109 senses the pressure state of the rodless chamber 108a in the hydraulic cylinder 108 in real time, and senses the sensed state. The pressure is output to the controller 102, and after receiving the sensing pressure provided by the pressure sensor 109, the controller 102 determines whether the pressure in the rodless chamber 108a of the hydraulic cylinder 108 is greater than a preset value, if the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 108 The pressure in 108a is greater than the preset value (when the pressure relay 109 is in the conducting state), indicating that gravity lowering can be achieved.
  • the controller 102 outputs a signal to control the electro-hydraulic proportional decompression width 104 and the electromagnetic reversal width 105, so that the control oil source output by the pilot oil pump 103 is adjusted to a specific pressure after being subjected to electro-hydraulic proportional pressure reduction 104.
  • the commutating width 105 is output to the hydraulic control port K of the hydraulic control reversing width 106 to control the wide core of the hydraulic control reversing width 106 to be in the right position and to be opened.
  • the first working oil port A of the hydraulic control reversing width 106 is connected to the second oil port B and the oil return port T through the throttle hole in the hydraulic control reversing width 106.
  • a portion of the oil in the rodless chamber 108a of the hydraulic cylinder 108 can be sequentially passed through the first working oil
  • the port A, the orifice in the hydraulically controlled reversing width 106 and the second working port B replenish the rod chamber 108b of the hydraulic cylinder 108 to realize the flow regeneration function, and the other part of the oil can pass through the first step.
  • the working oil port A, the throttle hole in the hydraulic control reversing width 106, and the oil return port T are returned to the oil tank 110 through the unidirectional wide 107.
  • the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control 111 is in the neutral position without opening, and the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control 111 inlet port is not in communication with the first working port and the second working port.
  • the controller 102 controls the control pressure of the control oil source output by the electro-hydraulic proportional decompression width 104 according to the signal size input by the electric handle 101 and the sensing result of the pressure relay 109, and the control oil source of different control pressures is output to the liquid control
  • the throttle hole of the hydraulic control reversing width 106 can be controlled to have different opening degrees, that is, the movement speed of the hydraulic cylinder 108 is controlled; and the oil in the rodless cavity 108a of the hydraulic cylinder 108 can be controlled at the same time.
  • the amount of fluid that is compensated for the oil in the rod chamber 108b, that is, the amount of regeneration flow is controllable.
  • the controller 102 determines, according to the sensing result, that the pressure in the rodless chamber 108a of the hydraulic cylinder 108 is not greater than a preset value (at this time, the pressure relay 109 is in an off state), indicating that the working device encounters the ground support and cannot perform gravity lowering
  • the electro-hydraulic proportional decompression width is 104
  • the electromagnetic reversing width is 105
  • the hydraulically controlled reversing width is 106
  • the wide-core of the hydraulically controlled reversing width 106 is in the left position without opening
  • the first of the hydraulically controlled commutation is 106.
  • the working port A is not in communication with the second port B and the return port T.
  • the controller 102 outputs a signal to control the hydraulic pump 112 to open or increase the displacement, and controls the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control 111 to open, and uses the output power of the hydraulic pump 112 to achieve the target action of the working device, for example, when electro-hydraulic Proportional multi-channel control is wide 111
  • the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control 111 inlet port is in communication with the first working port
  • the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control 111 is the return port and the second working oil.
  • the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 112 to the oil inlet of the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control 111 can be supplied to the rodless chamber 108a of the hydraulic cylinder 108 through its first working port for oil supply, and the hydraulic cylinder
  • the oil in the rod chamber 108b of the 108 can be controlled by the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-channel control of the second working port of the wide 111 and the return port to the oil return tank 110; when the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control is wide 111 open in the right position, the electric The liquid proportional multi-way control 111 inlet port communicates with the second working port, and the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control 111 oil return port communicates with the first working port, thus,
  • the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 112 to the oil inlet of the electro-hydraulic proportional multiplex control 111 can be supplied to the rod chamber 108b of the hydraulic cylinder 108 through its second working port for oil supply, and the rodless chamber of the hydraulic
  • the hydraulic system 100 proposed by the preferred embodiment of the present invention can achieve the following advantages:
  • the flow rate of the pump is not required compared with the conventional wide operation by the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-channel control. Consuming engine power;
  • compound operation such as compounding with the bucket
  • the output flow of the pump can be supplied to the bucket hydraulic cylinder, which can greatly improve work efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, and achieve energy saving effect.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention realizes flow regeneration by adding a hydraulically controlled commutation method in addition to the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control. Moreover, the controllable oil source of the hydraulically controlled commutation is controllable, and it is easier to control the amount of regeneration flow according to the load.
  • the pressure relay 109 is used as the pressure sensing device to sense the pressure state in the rodless cavity 108b of the hydraulic cylinder 108 and the sensing result is transmitted back to the control device, but the present invention Without being limited thereto, in other embodiments, the pressure relay 109 may be replaced with a pressure sensor as long as it can implement the function of pressure sensing and feed back the sensing result to the controller 102.
  • the energy-saving system 100 proposed in the foregoing embodiment adopts an electronic control mode, but the invention is not limited thereto, and the liquid control mode may also be adopted in other embodiments.
  • it can be:
  • the electric handle 101 is replaced by a hydraulic pilot handle and the hydraulic pilot handle is connected between the pilot oil pump 103 and the electromagnetic commutation 105, and the controller 102 in the control unit is electrically connected to the electromagnetic commutation 105 and the pressure relay 109.
  • the hydraulic pump 112 and the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way control 111 are all correspondingly changed to accept the control of the hydraulic pilot handle; the control oil source provided by the pilot oil pump 103 is adjusted to a control oil source having a specific pressure through the hydraulic pilot handle and passed Electromagnetic commutation
  • the hydraulic control port of the hydraulic control reversing 106 is reached to open the hydraulic control to open 106.
  • the hydraulic pilot handle provides control of the oil source to the hydraulic pump 112 to change its displacement and to turn on the electro-hydraulic ratio.
  • the electro-hydraulic proportional decompression width 104 can be omitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

一种液压系统(100),包括油箱(110)、液压缸(108)、液控换向阀(106)、控制装置、控制油源提供装置和压力感测装置。当压力感测装置感测到的液压缸(108)无杆腔(108a)内压力大于预设值时,控制装置控制控制油源提供装置提供控制油源开启液控换向阀(106),使无杆腔(108a)内的部分油液对有杆腔(108b)进行补油。还公开了该液压系统(100)的控制方法以及一种具有该液压系统(100)的挖掘机。

Description

液压系统、 挖掘机及液压系统的控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械技术领域, 尤其涉及液压系统、 采用该种液压系 统的挖掘机、 以及液压系统的控制方法。 背景技术
对于工程机械例如挖掘机工作过程中, 工作装置例如动臂和斗杆上下 摆动频繁, 由于挖掘机的工作装置重量重, 在下放过程中, 为了避免在重 力作用下工作装置的加速下滑以及液压缸的有杆腔吸空, 必须在主阔 (一般 为电液比例多路控制阔)阔芯上对回油通道进行节流, 通过节流调速来实现 工作装置的平稳下放。 但这种方法使挖掘机的工作装置下降的势能绝大部 分转化成了阔芯节流产生的热能。 导致液压系统温度上升, 从而要求设计 更大的散热系统; 并且在下放过程中, 液压泵还必须不断的向液压缸的有 杆腔供油, 这些都造成了极大的能量浪费。
为了实现节能目的, 现有技术主要为在中、 小型挖掘机的电液比例多 路控制阔的阔芯上实现流量再生功能, 使得在动臂下放时液压缸的无杆腔 的油液可以回流到有杆腔中。 但对于大型挖掘机而言, 其系统流量大, 因 此在其电液比例多路控制阔上实现流量再生功能很困难; 而且, 现有的中、 小型挖掘机上的流量再生功能的实现过程较为复杂。 另外, 中、 小型挖掘 机的电液比例多路控制阔的阔芯上流量再生功能的使用也有一个问题, 就 是再生流量的多少很难控制, 流量再生多, 挖掘机动作可控性差, 流量再 生少, 节能效果不明显。 发明内容
因此, 本发明的目的在于提供液压系统、 采用该种液压系统的挖掘机、 以及液压系统的控制方法, 以实现流量再生功能并克服现有技术存在的技 术缺陷。
本发明实施例中提出的一种液压系统, 包括油箱及液压缸, 该液压系 统还包括液控换向阔、 控制装置、 控制油源提供装置以及压力感测装置, 该液控换向阔的第一工作油口连接该液压缸的无杆腔, 该液控换向阔的第 二工作油口连接该液压缸的有杆腔, 该液控换向阔的回油口连接该油箱, 该压力感测装置感测该液压缸的无杆腔内压力并将感测结果传送至该控制 装置, 该控制装置根据感测结果判断该液压缸的无杆腔内压力是否大于预 设值, 当该液压缸的无杆腔内压力大于预设值时, 该控制装置控制该控制 油源提供装置提供控制油源以开启该液控换向阔, 使该液控换向阔的第一 工作油口与第二工作油口连通, 该液压缸的无杆腔内的部分油液对该液压 缸的有杆腔进行补油。
进一步地, 该液控换向阔的回油口通过单向阔与油箱连接, 该液控换 向阔开启时, 该液控换向阔的第一工作油口还与回油口连通, 该液压缸的 无杆腔内的另一部分油液通过该单向阔回流至油箱。
进一步地, 该控制油源提供装置包括先导油泵、 电液比例减压阔以及 电磁换向阔, 该电液比例减压阔和该电磁换向阔均与该控制装置电连接, 该先导油泵提供控制油源, 该控制油源的压力经该电液比例减压阔调整后 通过该电磁换向阔输出以开启该液控换向阔。
进一步地, 该控制装置包括电手柄以及控制器, 该压力感测装置、 该 电液比例减压阔、 该电磁换向阔以及该电手柄均电连接至该控制器; 该控 制器根据该电手柄输入的信号控制该电液比例减压阔对控制油源进行压力 调整, 借此控制该液控换向阔的节流孔开度大小。
进一步地, 该压力感测装置为压力继电器。 进一步地, 该压力感测装置为压力传感器。
进一步地, 该控制装置包括液压先导手柄及控制器, 该控制油源提供 装置包括先导油泵以及电磁换向阔; 该电磁换向阔及该压力感测装置均电 连接该控制器, 该液压先导手柄连接在该先导油泵与该电磁换向阔之间, 该先导油泵提供的控制油源通过该液压先导手柄调整后通过该电磁换向阔 输出以开启该液控换向阔。
进一步地, 该液压系统还包括液压泵以及电液比例多路控制阔, 该液 压泵的入口和出口分别与该油箱和该电液比例多路控制阔的进油口连接, 该液压缸的无杆腔、 该液压缸的有杆腔以及该油箱分别与该电液比例多路 控制阔的第一工作油口、 第二工作油口及回油口连接; 当该控制装置判断 该液压缸的无杆腔内压力不大于该预设值时, 液控换向阔不开启, 该控制 装置控制该液压泵改变排量并开启该电液比例多路控制阔以利用该液压泵 的输出动力驱动该液压缸。
进一步地, 该液控换向阔为二位三通阔, 当该液控换向阔的液控口接 受该控制油源的控制使该液控换向阔的阔芯换位而开启后, 该第一工作油 口经由该液控换向阔内的节流孔与该第二工作油口及该回油口均相连通。
本发明实施例中还提出的一种挖掘机, 包括如上所述的液压系统。 本发明实施例中还提出的一种液压系统的控制方法, 该液压系统包括 油箱及液压缸, 该液压系统的控制方法包括步骤:
提供液控换向阔, 将该液控换向阔的第一工作油口连接该液压缸的无 杆腔, 将该液控换向阔的第二工作油口连接该液压缸的有杆腔, 将该液控 换向阔的回油口连接该油箱;
感测该液压缸的无杆腔内压力; 以及
判断该液压缸的无杆腔内压力是否大于预设值, 当该液压缸的无杆腔 内压力大于预设值时, 提供控制油源至该液控换向阔的液控口以开启该液 控换向阔, 使该液控换向阔的第一工作油口与第二工作油口连通, 该液压 缸的无杆腔内的部分油液对该液压缸的有杆腔进行补油。
进一步地, 该液压系统还包括液压泵以及电液比例多路控制阔, 该液 压泵的入口和出口分别与该油箱和该电液比例多路控制阔的进油口连接, 该液压缸的无杆腔、 该液压缸的有杆腔以及该油箱分别与该电液比例多路 控制阔的第一工作油口、 第二工作油口及回油口连接; 该液压系统的控制 方法还可包括步骤:
当该液压缸的无杆腔内压力不大于该预设值时, 液控换向阔不开启, 改变该液压泵的排量并开启该电液比例多路控制阔以利用该液压泵的输出 动力驱动该液压缸。
进一步地, 该液压系统的控制方法还可包括步骤: 提供控制油源提供 装置, 调节提供至该液控换向阔的控制油源的压力, 进而控制该液控换向 阔的节流孔开度大小及液压缸的无杆腔内的油液对液压缸的有杆腔内的补 油量的多少。
本发明上述实施例可以达成以下优点: 在液压缸活塞下行时, 利用无 杆腔内的部分油液对有杆腔进行补油, 实现了流量的再生功能, 提高了系 统的能量利用率, 较少了系统的发热。 工作装置例如动臂、 斗杆重力下放 过程通过液控换向阔实现, 其和传统的通过电液比例多路控制阔操作实现 相比, 不需要泵的流量, 不消耗发动机功率; 做复合动作时, 如和铲斗复 合, 泵的输出流量可以全部供给铲斗液压缸, 这样可以大大提高工作效率, 减少燃油消耗, 达到节能的效果。 此外, 和现有通过电液比例多路控制阔 阔芯实现流量再生相比, 本发明实施例通过在电液比例多路控制阔之外增 设液控换向阔的方式实现流量再生, 且液控换向阔的控制油源大小可控, 更容易根据负载的情况控制再生流量的多少。 另外, 由于考虑到工程机械 例如挖掘机的工作姿态和工况变化大, 不是所有动臂、 斗杆的下放过程势 能都能利用, 因此增加压力感测装置可以智能判断, 不能利用则快速响应 通过泵输出能量现实操作者的意图。 上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述, 为了能够更清楚了解本发明的 技术手段, 而可依照说明书的内容予以实施, 并且为了让本发明的上述和 其他目的、 特征和优点能够更明显易懂, 以下特举较佳实施例, 并配合附 图, 详细说明如下。 附图说明
图 1 是相关于本发明较佳实施例的一种挖掘机的液压系统的主要架构 示意图。 具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效, 以下结合附图及较佳实施例, 对依据本发明提出的液压系统、 挖掘机以及 液压系统的控制方法其具体实施方式、 方法、 步骤及功效, 详细说明如后。
有关本发明的前述及其他技术内容、 特点及功效, 在以下配合参考图 式的较佳实施例详细说明中将可清楚的呈现。 通过具体实施方式的说明, 当可对本发明为达成预定目的所采取的技术手段及功效得以更加深入且具 体的了解, 然而所附图式仅是提供参考与说明之用, 并非用来对本发明加 以限制。
请参照图 1,本发明较佳实施例提出的工程机械例如挖掘机的液压系统 100包括: 电手柄 101、 控制器 102、 先导油泵 103、 电液比例减压阔 104、 电磁换向阔 105、 液控换向阔 106、 单向阔 107、 液压缸 108、 压力继电器 109、 油箱 110、 电液比例多路控制阔 111、 以及液压泵 112。 本实施例中, 控制器 102分别与电手柄 101、 电液比例减压阔 104、 电磁换向阔 105、 压 力继电器 109、 电液比例多路控制阔 111以及液压泵 112的控制端电连接; 电手柄 101与控制器 102共同构成控制装置, 作为整个液压系统 100的控 制中心; 先导油泵 103、 电液比例减压阔 104与电磁换向阔 105共同构成控 制油源提供装置, 以提供具有特定压力的控制油源。
具体地, 电液比例减压阔 104的进油口连接先导油泵 103、 出油口连接 电磁换向阔 105的其中一个工作口 (第一工作口)、及泄油口连接油箱 110。 电磁换向阔 105的另一个工作口 (第二工作口) 连接液控换向阔 106的液 控口 K, 且电磁换向阔 105的泄油口连接油箱 110。液控换向阔 106例如为 二位三通阔, 其第一工作油口 A连接液压缸 108的无杆腔 108a (也即下腔)、 第二工作油口 B连接液压缸 108的有杆腔 108b (也即上腔)、 回油口 T则通 过单向阔 107连接油箱 110、及泄油口 Y连接油箱 110。压力继电器 109连 接在液压缸 108的无杆腔 108a与控制器 102之间。 液压泵 112为一种排量 可变的液压泵, 其由马达驱动; 液压泵 112的入口连接油箱 110, 出口连接 电液比例多路控制阔 111的进油口;电液比例多路控制阔 111的第一工作油 口连接液压缸 108的无杆腔 108a、 第二工作油口连接液压缸 108的有杆腔 108b以及回油口连接油箱 110。
本发明较佳实施例提出的液压系统 100的工作原理如下:
控制器 102接收到电手柄 101输入的工作装置例如挖掘机的动臂或者 斗杆的下放信号时, 压力继电器 109实时感测液压缸 108内无杆腔 108a的 压力状态, 并将感测到的压力输出至控制器 102,控制器 102接收到压力感 测器 109提供的感测压力后会判断液压缸 108的无杆腔 108a内的压力是否 大于预设值,如果液压缸 108的无杆腔 108a内的压力大于预设值 (此时压力 继电器 109处于导通状态), 则表明可以实现重力下放。 此时, 控制器 102 输出信号控制电液比例减压阔 104和电磁换向阔 105动作, 使得先导油泵 103输出的控制油源,经过电液比例减压阔 104调整至具有特定压力后经电 磁换向阔 105输出至液控换向阔 106的液控口 K以控制液控换向阔 106的 阔芯处于右位而开启。 液控换向阔 106开启后, 液控换向阔 106的第一工 作油口 A通过液控换向阔 106内的节流孔与第二通油口 B及回油口 T均相 连通, 使液压缸 108的无杆腔 108a内的一部分油液可依序通过第一工作油 口 A、 液控换向阔 106内的节流孔以及第二工作油口 B后对液压缸 108的 有杆腔 108b进行补油, 实现流量再生功能, 另一部分油液可依序经过第一 工作油口 A、 液控换向阔 106内的节流孔以及回油口 T后通过单向阔 107 回油箱 110。 此时, 电液比例多路控制阔 111处于中位而不开启, 电液比例 多路控制阔 111的进油口与其第一工作油口及第二工作油口均不相通。
控制器 102根据电手柄 101输入的信号大小、 以及压力继电器 109的 感测结果来控制电液比例减压阔 104输出的控制油源的控制压力, 不同控 制压力的控制油源输出至液控换向阔 106的液控口 K后可控制液控换向阔 106的节流孔具有不同开度大小, 即控制了液压缸 108的运动速度; 同时可 控制液压缸 108的无杆腔 108a内油液对有杆腔 108b的油液补偿的多少, 也即, 再生流量的多少可控。
当控制器 102根据感测结果判断液压缸 108的无杆腔 108a内的压力不 大于预设值 (此时压力继电器 109处于截止状态),表明工作装置遇到地面支 撑, 不能实现重力下放, 此时电液比例减压阔 104、 电磁换向阔 105及液控 换向阔 106均不动作, 液控换向阔 106的阔芯处于左位而不开启, 液控换 向阔 106的第一工作油口 A与第二通油口 B及回油口 T均不相连通。但此 时, 控制器 102输出信号控制液压泵 112开启或者加大排量, 并控制电液 比例多路控制阔 111开启,用液压泵 112的输出动力实现工作装置的目标动 作, 例如当电液比例多路控制阔 111 开启处于左位时, 电液比例多路控制 阔 111的进油口与其第一工作油口相通,且电液比例多路控制阔 111的回油 口与其第二工作油口相通, 如此, 液压泵 112提供至电液比例多路控制阔 111的进油口的液压油可通过其第一工作油口送至液压缸 108的无杆腔 108a 进行供油, 同时液压缸 108的有杆腔 108b内的油液可经由电液比例多路控 制阔 111的第二工作油口及回油口回油箱 110; 当电液比例多路控制阔 111 开启处于右位时, 电液比例多路控制阔 111 的进油口与其第二工作油口相 通, 且电液比例多路控制阔 111 的回油口与其第一工作油口相通, 如此, 液压泵 112提供至电液比例多路控制阔 111的进油口的液压油可通过其第二 工作油口送至液压缸 108的有杆腔 108b进行供油, 同时液压缸 108的无杆 腔 108a内的油液可经由电液比例多路控制阔 111的第一工作油口及回油口 回油箱 110。
本发明较佳实施例提出的液压系统 100可以达成以下优点:
1. 液压缸的活塞下行时,利用无杆腔内的部分油液对有杆腔进行补油, 实现了流量的再生功能, 提高了系统的能量利用率, 减少了系统的发热。
2. 由于本发明实施例的挖掘机的动臂、 斗杆下放过程通过液控换向阔 实现, 其和传统的通过电液比例多路控制阔操作实现相比, 不需要泵的流 量, 不消耗发动机功率; 做复合动作时, 如和铲斗复合, 泵的输出流量可 以全部供给铲斗液压缸, 这样可以大大提高工作效率, 减少燃油消耗, 达 到节能的效果。
3. 和现有通过电液比例多路控制阔阔芯实现流量再生相比, 本发明较 佳实施例通过在电液比例多路控制阔之外增设液控换向阔的方式实现流量 再生, 且液控换向阔的控制油源大小可控, 更容易根据负载的情况控制再 生流量的多少。
4. 由于考虑到工程机械例如挖掘机的工作姿态和工况变化大, 不是所 有动臂、 斗杆的下放过程势能都能利用, 因此增加压力继电器可以智能判 断, 不能利用则快速响应通过泵输出能量实现操作者的意图。
此外, 需要说明的是, 上述实施例是以压力继电器 109作为压力感测 装置来感测液压缸 108的无杆腔 108b内的压力状态并将感测结果回传给控 制装置, 但本发明并不以此为限, 在其他实施例中压力继电器 109也可以 替换成压力传感器, 只要其能实现压力感测的功能并将感测结果反馈至控 制器 102即可。
另外, 上述实施例提出的节能系统 100是采用电控方式, 但本发明并 不以此为限, 在其他实施例中也可以采用液控方式。 具体可为: 控制装置 中的电手柄 101 由液压先导手柄替换且液压先导手柄连接在先导油泵 103 与电磁换向阔 105之间, 而控制装置中的控制器 102则与电磁换向阔 105 及压力继电器 109 电连接。 此外, 液压泵 112及电液比例多路控制阔 111 均做相应变换以接受液压先导手柄的控制; 先导油泵 103 提供的控制油源 通过液压先导手柄时调整为具有特定压力的控制油源并通过电磁换向阔
105后到达液控换向阔 106的液控口 K以开启液控换向阔 106。另外, 液压 先导手柄还可提供控制油源至液压泵 112 以改变其排量以及开启电液比例 多路控制阔 110。 在此情形下, 电液比例减压阔 104则可省略。
以上所述, 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非对本发明作任何形式 上的限制, 虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上, 然而并非用以限定本发 明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员, 在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内, 当可利 用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例, 但 凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容, 依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所 作的任何简单修改、 等同变化与修饰, 均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims

权利要求
1.一种液压系统, 包括油箱及液压缸, 其特征在于: 该液压系统还包括 液控换向阔、 控制装置、 控制油源提供装置以及压力感测装置, 该液控换 向阔的第一工作油口连接该液压缸的无杆腔, 该液控换向阔的第二工作油 口连接该液压缸的有杆腔, 该液控换向阔的回油口连接该油箱, 该压力感 测装置感测该液压缸的无杆腔内压力并将感测结果传送至该控制装置, 该 控制装置根据感测结果判断该液压缸的无杆腔内压力是否大于预设值, 当 该液压缸的无杆腔内压力大于预设值时, 该控制装置控制该控制油源提供 装置提供控制油源以开启该液控换向阔, 使该液控换向阔的第一工作油口 与第二工作油口连通, 该液压缸的无杆腔内的部分油液对该液压缸的有杆 腔进行补油。
2.如权利要求 1所述的液压系统, 其特征在于: 该液控换向阔的回油口 通过单向阔与油箱连接, 该液控换向阔开启时, 该液控换向阔的第一工作 油口还与回油口连通, 该液压缸的无杆腔内的另一部分油液通过该单向阔 回流至油箱。
3.如权利要求 1所述的液压系统, 其特征在于: 该控制油源提供装置包 括先导油泵、 电液比例减压阔以及电磁换向阔, 该电液比例减压阔和该电 磁换向阔均与该控制装置电连接, 该先导油泵提供控制油源, 该控制油源 的压力经该电液比例减压阔调整后通过该电磁换向阔输出以开启该液控换 向阔。
4.如权利要求 3所述的液压系统, 其特征在于: 该控制装置包括电手柄 以及控制器, 该压力感测装置、 该电液比例减压阔、 该电磁换向阔以及该 电手柄均电连接至该控制器; 该控制器根据该电手柄输入的信号控制该电 液比例减压阔对控制油源进行压力调整, 借此控制该液控换向阔的节流孔 开度大小。
5.如权利要求 1所述的液压系统, 其特征在于: 该压力感测装置为压力 继电器。
6.如权利要求 1所述的液压系统, 其特征在于: 该压力感测装置为压力 传感器。
7.如权利要求 1所述的液压系统, 其特征在于: 该控制装置包括液压先 导手柄及控制器, 该控制油源提供装置包括先导油泵以及电磁换向阔; 该 电磁换向阔及该压力感测装置均电连接该控制器, 该液压先导手柄连接在 该先导油泵与该电磁换向阔之间, 该先导油泵提供的控制油源通过该液压 先导手柄调整后通过该电磁换向阔输出以开启该液控换向阔。
8.如权利要求 1所述的液压系统, 其特征在于: 该液压系统还包括液压 泵以及电液比例多路控制阔, 该液压泵的入口和出口分别与该油箱和该电 液比例多路控制阔的进油口连接, 该液压缸的无杆腔、 该液压缸的有杆腔 以及该油箱分别与该电液比例多路控制阔的第一工作油口、 第二工作油口 及回油口连接; 当该控制装置判断该液压缸的无杆腔内压力不大于该预设 值时, 液控换向阔不开启, 该控制装置控制该液压泵改变排量并开启该电 液比例多路控制阔以利用该液压泵的输出动力驱动该液压缸。
9.如权利要求 1所述的液压系统, 其特征在于: 该液控换向阔为二位三 通阔, 当该液控换向阔的液控口接受该控制油源的控制使该液控换向阔的 阔芯换位而开启后, 该第一工作油口经由该液控换向阔内的节流孔与该第 二工作油口及该回油口均相连通。
10.—种挖掘机, 其特征在于: 包括如权利要求 1至 9任意一项所述的 液压系统。
11.一种液压系统的控制方法, 该液压系统包括油箱及液压缸, 其特征 在于: 该液压系统的控制方法包括步骤:
提供液控换向阔, 将该液控换向阔的第一工作油口连接该液压缸的无 杆腔, 将该液控换向阔的第二工作油口连接该液压缸的有杆腔, 将该液控 换向阔的回油口连接该油箱;
感测该液压缸的无杆腔内压力; 以及
判断该液压缸的无杆腔内压力是否大于预设值, 当该液压缸的无杆腔 内压力大于预设值时, 提供控制油源至该液控换向阔的液控口以开启该液 控换向阔, 使该液控换向阔的第一工作油口与第二工作油口连通, 该液压 缸的无杆腔内的部分油液对该液压缸的有杆腔进行补油。
12.如权利要求 11所述的液压系统的控制方法, 其特征在于: 该液压系 统还包括液压泵以及电液比例多路控制阔, 该液压泵的入口和出口分别与 该油箱和该电液比例多路控制阔的进油口连接, 该液压缸的无杆腔、 该液 压缸的有杆腔以及该油箱分别与该电液比例多路控制阔的第一工作油口、 第二工作油口及回油口连接; 该液压系统的控制方法还包括步骤:
当该液压缸的无杆腔内压力不大于该预设值时, 液控换向阔不开启, 改变该液压泵的排量并开启该电液比例多路控制阔以利用该液压泵的输出 动力驱动该液压缸。
13. 如权利要求 11所述的液压系统的控制方法, 其特征在于: 提供控 制油源提供装置, 调节提供至该液控换向阔的控制油源的压力, 进而控制 该液控换向阀的节流孔开度大小及液压缸的无杆腔内的油液对液压缸的有 杆腔内的补油量的多少。
PCT/CN2012/082295 2012-02-28 2012-09-28 液压系统、挖掘机及液压系统的控制方法 WO2013127175A1 (zh)

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