WO2013120260A1 - 一种页岩气作业方法 - Google Patents

一种页岩气作业方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013120260A1
WO2013120260A1 PCT/CN2012/071169 CN2012071169W WO2013120260A1 WO 2013120260 A1 WO2013120260 A1 WO 2013120260A1 CN 2012071169 W CN2012071169 W CN 2012071169W WO 2013120260 A1 WO2013120260 A1 WO 2013120260A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shale gas
gas
well
fracturing
liquid container
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/071169
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张弭
陈俊
王明社
刘宣国
唐平
何萌
王江阳
陈涛
谢伟
梁仲才
刘银春
陈�光
Original Assignee
四川宏华石油设备有限公司
成都宏天电传工程有限公司
宏华油气工程技术服务(四川)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 四川宏华石油设备有限公司, 成都宏天电传工程有限公司, 宏华油气工程技术服务(四川)有限公司 filed Critical 四川宏华石油设备有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2012/071169 priority Critical patent/WO2013120260A1/zh
Priority to CN201280072269.XA priority patent/CN104254666B/zh
Priority to US13/460,010 priority patent/US9016378B2/en
Publication of WO2013120260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013120260A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00Large containers
    • B65D88/005Large containers of variable capacity, e.g. with movable or adjustable walls or wall parts, modular
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00Large containers
    • B65D88/26Hoppers, i.e. containers having funnel-shaped discharge sections
    • B65D88/32Hoppers, i.e. containers having funnel-shaped discharge sections in multiple arrangement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/12Supports
    • B65D90/20Frames or nets, e.g. for flexible containers
    • B65D90/205Frames or nets, e.g. for flexible containers for flexible containers, i.e. the flexible container being permanently connected to the frame
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas mining operation method, in particular to a shale gas operation method.
  • Shale gas refers to natural gas collected in dark mud shale or high carbon mud shale and mainly in the form of adsorption or free state. It has the same physical and chemical properties as conventional natural gas, but only occurs in permeability and pores. Very low in the mud shale. The depth of shale gas development is larger than that of coalbed methane, but the pore, seepage and saturation are smaller than coalbed methane, which greatly increases the difficulty of shale gas mining. Therefore, it is classified as unconventional oil and gas resources by the industry.
  • shale gas is usually stored in tight rock formations, it is difficult to mine, low input-output ratio and high cost; As shown in Table 3 on page 131 of the 12th issue of Neijiang Science and Technology in 2010, for shale gas mining, the shale gas is filled with natural gas in the shale fissures, fine pores and layers. The permeability is low and the resistance of the gas flow is much larger than that of conventional natural gas, which usually requires stimulation measures and special drilling methods.
  • the rigid round tank is usually used to store clean water or recover the reverse drain during the fracturing operation.
  • the rigid round tank is necessary to store thousands of squares of water, and it is necessary to have dozens of rigid round tanks.
  • the transportation cost is high, the occupied well area is large, the flat well site cost is high, and the environmental recovery cost is high.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a shale gas operation method with low operation cost
  • a shale gas operation method comprising the steps of:
  • step c the gas in the well is led out by a spray or gas lift method, and gas-liquid separation is performed, and gaseous shale gas and liquid sewage are obtained after gas-liquid separation; by using such a method, the derived gas can be improved.
  • the purity of shale gas makes it easier to supply gas generators for power generation.
  • the equipment used in the shale gas operation is a device that requires an external power source during operation; specifically, the equipment requiring an external power source includes a first drilling machine, a second drilling machine, and a fracturing operation for drilling. Electric fracturing equipment, etc.
  • the first drilling rig, the second drilling rig, and the electric fracturing equipment have high energy consumption during operation, and the above-mentioned equipment is driven by shale gas as a fuel, and the energy saving effect is particularly remarkable.
  • the equipment used in the shale gas operation comprises a first drilling machine and a second drilling machine;
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • A1 In the first well position, drill the vertical well with the first drilling machine and cement the well; after completing the vertical well operation of the well position, move the first drilling machine and carry out the vertical well operation of the next well position;
  • A2 using a second drilling machine, performing a slanting drilling on the vertical well bored in the step a1, completing the horizontal well operation, and cementing the well; after completing the horizontal well operation of the vertical wellbore, moving the second drilling rig, Perform horizontal well operations in the wellbore.
  • the first drilling machine and the second drilling machine described in this step belong to the equipment that requires an external power supply during the operation.
  • the equipment used in the shale gas operation further comprises a fracturing vehicle
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • the segmented fracturing is carried out by the connecting pipe at a pitch of 100 m to 150 m, and has the advantages of simple structure, high working depth, and good fracturing effect.
  • the equipment required for fracturing consists of two parts: ground equipment and fracturing truck.
  • the ground equipment mainly includes a well-sealing device, a wellhead ball valve, a ball thrower, a movable elbow, an oil shovel, a wax ball pipe sink, a fracturing pipe sink, etc., and is a ground control tool above the wellhead, and this part of the ground equipment is usually not required to be connected.
  • the function of the fracturing truck is to inject high-pressure, large-displacement fracturing fluid into the well, laminate the ground, and squeeze the proppant into the crack. It belongs to the equipment that needs external power supply during the operation.
  • the anti-discharge liquid in the well after the fracturing operation is taken out and recycled;
  • the anti-pressure liquid is injected into the section to increase the viscosity of the section of the sand column, thereby avoiding It has an effect on sand fracturing in the latter section.
  • step b4 sand washing and washing are performed to move the sand particles in the wellbore to the ground.
  • staged fracturing will build a sand bridge between the sections to play the role of the already-pressed well section in the front, so when all the sections are completely fractured, all the sand in the wellbore needs to be flushed out, further improving Shale gas production.
  • the gas in the well is led out by a spray or gas lift method, and the gas-liquid separation is performed, and the gaseous shale gas and the liquid sewage are obtained after the gas-liquid separation;
  • the sewage obtained after the gas-liquid separation is sent to the sewage collection tank for sewage treatment;
  • All or part of the shale gas obtained after the gas-liquid separation is sent to the gas generator of the step d to generate electricity.
  • the first well position when the first well position has the condition for deriving shale gas, it can be exported and then subjected to gas-liquid separation using a gas-liquid separation device;
  • all or part of the shale gas derived from each well 1 can be exported to the same gas-liquid separation station for centralized treatment to reduce the environment at the construction site. Pollution.
  • a liquid container is further included; in the step b, the fracturing fluid for the fracturing operation is stored in the liquid container, the liquid container comprises a foldable hollow
  • the maneuverability is strong, and when the transportation is required, the soft body can and the bracket can be respectively folded, thereby reducing the space occupied by the liquid container, and being convenient for handling and transportation.
  • the liquid container further comprises a locking device; the locking device is disposed between the support member and the frame body, and the locking device limits the support member to the frame body,
  • the liquid container further includes a rotating shaft and a clamping post; the rotating shaft is disposed at a lower portion of the frame, the locking post is hinged with the frame through the rotating shaft, and the movable end of the clamping post is rotatable Up to the sliding stroke range of the sliding sleeve.
  • the support member can be restrained on the frame body, and after the support member supports the soft body capsule, the bracket is kept in an unfolded state, and the card post is connected with the movable end of the support member to realize the support.
  • the position of the piece is locked; when the frame is supported, the card post can be rotated into the sliding range of the sliding sleeve, and the card post is connected with the sliding sleeve to realize the limit locking; when the frame is lowered
  • the card post can be rotated to the point where it does not interfere with the sliding sleeve for unlocking.
  • the liquid container further comprises a flexible mesh disposed between the bracket and the soft body capsule; the shape of the flexible mesh is adapted to the shape of the inner wall of the bracket; the liquid container further comprises an elastic member, the elasticity a piece is disposed on the flexible mesh, the elastic member compresses the flexible mesh inside the bracket; the elastic member is an elastic band.
  • the force of the soft capsule to the bracket can be reduced, thereby reducing the deformation of the bracket and improving the service life and safety;
  • Applying force to the soft body capsule through the elastic member can prevent the soft body capsule from being squeezed into the gap when the bracket is folded, thereby improving the life of the soft body capsule and the reliability of the device;
  • the method of arranging the elastic band outside the soft body capsule has the advantages of simple structure and low cost while improving the life of the soft body capsule;
  • the shape of the flexible mesh is adapted to the shape of the inner wall of the bracket, the force of the soft capsule to the bracket can be reduced, thereby reducing the deformation of the bracket and improving the service life and safety.
  • the support member includes a first link, a second link and a sliding sleeve, the first link and the second link are pivotally connected, and the sliding sleeve is slidably disposed on the two
  • One of the two links is pivotally connected to one of the two frames, and the other end is pivotally connected to the other of the two frames.
  • On the upper sliding sleeve one end of the second link is pivotally connected to the other of the two frames, and the other end is slidably disposed on one of the two frames.
  • the support member includes a first link, a second link and a roller, the first link and the second link are pivotally connected, and at least one of the two frames is open a sliding groove, the roller is disposed in the sliding slot, and one end of the first link is pivotally connected to one of the two frames, and the other end is pivotally connected to the two frames On the other of the rollers, one end of the second link is pivotally connected to the other of the two frames, and the other end is pivotally connected to one of the two frames. on.
  • the liquid container further includes a rotating shaft and a clamping post; the rotating shaft is disposed at a lower portion of the frame, and the locking post is hinged to the frame through the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft and the rotating shaft.
  • the sum of the minimum spacings of the chutes is less than the length of the bay posts.
  • the card post connection of the card post and the movable end of the support member can be utilized to realize the limit lock of the support member; when the frame body is supported, the card post can be rotated into the chute and interfere with the roller or The movable end of the support member is pressed against the movable end of the support member and limits the range of movement thereof; when the frame is lowered, the position of the clamp post can be rotated to not interfere with the movable end of the roller and the support member to achieve unlocking.
  • the liquid container further includes a drawbar that is hinged to the card post.
  • a drawbar that is hinged to the card post.
  • the liquid container further includes a base and a receiving cavity, the base is disposed at a bottom of the frame, the receiving cavity is disposed on the base, and the soft body bag is disposed in the receiving cavity.
  • the base is disposed at a bottom of the frame
  • the receiving cavity is disposed on the base
  • the soft body bag is disposed in the receiving cavity.
  • the top of the soft capsule is provided with an opening, and the edge of the opening of the top of the soft capsule is fitted on the top of the frame.
  • the liquid container further includes a pressure ring disposed at a top of the soft body capsule, the pressure ring crimping an opening of the soft body capsule to the frame.
  • the soft body capsule can be stably crimped on the frame body to prevent the soft body capsule from being detached from the frame body in the water storage state, and at the same time, the connection manner is uniformly applied, and the stress concentration at the joint can be avoided. Soft body injury.
  • the bottom of the receiving cavity is tapered.
  • the liquid container of the present invention can be applied to a fluid substance such as sand or the like.
  • the liquid container further includes a water pipe, the water pipe is disposed on the base, and the water pipe is in communication with the soft body bag provided in the receiving cavity.
  • the water pipe is disposed on the base, and the water pipe is in communication with the soft body bag provided in the receiving cavity.
  • the water inlet pipe is provided with a liquid level detecting device.
  • a liquid level detecting device With such a structure, it is easy to observe the liquid level condition inside the soft capsule.
  • the support member further includes a power component, the power component is fixed at one end to the frame body, and the other end is fixed on the other end of the first link for driving the first link. The other end slides relative to the frame.
  • the power element is a liquid cylinder or a cylinder.
  • the frame is a polygon.
  • the frame is quadrangular or hexagonal.
  • the number of the frames is four, the number of the supports is six, the four frames are spaced apart, and two support members are disposed between each adjacent two frames. .
  • the number of the frames is three, the number of the supports is six, the four frames are spaced apart, and three support members are disposed between each adjacent two frames. .
  • the soft body capsule is made of synthetic rubber.
  • the soft body capsule is made of a chlorosulfonated polyethylene material.
  • the bottom of the soft capsule is provided with a gasket.
  • the method further comprises a plurality of liquid containers arranged in a lateral direction;
  • the liquid container includes a foldable hollow bracket and a soft body capsule disposed in the bracket for containing a liquid;
  • the bracket includes at least two frames and a support member, and the support member is pivotally connected to the two frames a plurality of said frames juxtaposed in a lateral direction are integrally formed; in the step c, a fracturing fluid for a fracturing operation is stored in the liquid container;
  • the number of the liquid containers is plural, and the liquid containers are arranged in a vertical direction, and the liquid containers are screwed by a second connecting member.
  • liquid container assembly in which fracturing fluid for fracturing operations is stored; said liquid container assembly comprising at least two liquid containers, and for securing at least two liquid containers
  • the connecting member is fixed at one end to one of the at least two liquid containers, and the other end is fixed to the other of the at least two liquid containers.
  • the liquid container includes a foldable hollow bracket, and a soft body capsule disposed in the bracket for containing a liquid;
  • the bracket includes at least two frames and a support member, and the support member is pivotally connected to the two frames a plurality of the frames that are juxtaposed in the lateral direction are integrally formed.
  • the connector is fixed to an adjacent frame edge of the at least two liquid containers.
  • the connecting member is substantially U-shaped, and adjacent frame edges of the at least two liquid containers are locked in the connecting member, and the connecting members are respectively provided with screws for the screws to pass through. a hole for fixing the connector.
  • the soft body can and the bracket can be respectively folded, which reduces the space occupied by the liquid container and is convenient for handling and transportation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a well site of a shale gas operation method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of equipment of the shale gas working method of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a liquid container of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the holder of the liquid container of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the soft capsule of the liquid container of Figure 3 after deployment.
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevational view showing the state in which the bracket of Fig. 4 is folded.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a liquid container according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the holder of the liquid container of Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is a front elevational view of the bracket of Figure 8 after folding.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of a liquid container according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of the holder of the liquid container of Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a front elevational view of the bracket of Figure 11 after folding.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of a liquid container according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of a liquid container assembly consisting of two liquid containers of Figure 13.
  • Figure 15 is a partial enlarged view of the liquid container assembly of Figure 14.
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view of the connector of the liquid container assembly of Figure 15.
  • Figure 17 is a perspective view of a liquid container according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a partial enlarged view of the liquid container of Figure 17.
  • Figure 19 is a partial cross-sectional view of Figure 18.
  • Figure 20 is a perspective view of a liquid container of a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a partial enlarged view of the liquid container of Figure 20.
  • Figure 22 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a partially enlarged view of the liquid container of Figure 21;
  • Figure 23 is a perspective view showing the liquid container of the seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention when it is folded.
  • Figure 24 is a perspective view of the liquid container of Figure 23 when it is unfolded.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view showing the structure of the bracket of Figure 23 when folded.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic view showing the structure of the stent of Figure 23 when it is unfolded.
  • Figure 27 is an enlarged schematic view of the bracket and the locking device of Figure 23.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic structural view of the flexible mesh of FIG. 23.
  • Figure 29 is a schematic view showing the structure of the soft body capsule of Figure 23.
  • Figure 30 is a bottom view of Figure 23 .
  • Figure 31 is a schematic view showing the structure of a combination of two sets of liquid containers of Figure 23.
  • Figure 32 is an enlarged plan view of the top of Figure 31.
  • Figure 33 is an enlarged schematic view of the bottom of Figure 31.
  • the shale gas operation method comprises the following steps:
  • Step a drilling
  • First straight well use a super single rig or rack and pinion rig as the first rig, through the water or complex layer, into the surface casing, and cementing; after the straight section is drilled, the super single rig or The rack and pinion drill moves 4 to 5 meters, and repeats the above-mentioned vertical well operation in the next well position 1;
  • the step driller is used as the second drilling rig, and the vertical wellbore drilled in the front is drilled for horizontal drilling.
  • the specific method is as follows:
  • the power drill After drilling the casing for 30 meters, the power drill is used, and the MWD drilling while measuring instrument is used to make the oblique drilling.
  • the target area is located in the middle of the Longmaxi Formation and reaches the landing point and drills horizontally.
  • the horizontal section is approximately 2 kilometers in length.
  • the first rig that drilled the vertical well and the second rig that hit the horizontal well were working at the same time.
  • the casing is placed in the production zone and cemented with low-density cement such as foam.
  • the fracturing step is immediately performed; and the second rig in this step is moved to the lower continuous well position 1 to continue drilling the horizontal well, and the above operation is repeated until all the wells of the well 1 are Complete the work with the horizontal well.
  • the first drilling machine and the second drilling machine are devices that require an external power supply during the operation.
  • the electric equipment used for drilling such as the first drilling machine, the second drilling machine, etc.
  • the diesel generator 5 or externally used as a power source to complete the operation until the first shale.
  • Gas wells have gas production conditions.
  • Step b fracturing
  • the equipment such as the connecting pipe pipe device, the injection head, the fracturing truck, and the liquid container required for the fracturing operation are put in place, and the assembly is completed.
  • the continuous pipe hydraulic blasting perforation and the annulus sand fracturing method are used for the fracturing operation.
  • the liquid for the fracturing operation is stored in the liquid container 100, and the liquid for the fracturing operation mainly includes the fracturing fluid and the water for the well washing after the fracturing.
  • the liquid container 100 includes a collapsible hollow holder 10, and a soft body capsule 20 disposed in the holder 10 for containing a liquid.
  • the liquid container 100 includes a foldable bracket 10 and a soft body capsule 20 which is placed in the support frame 10 and supported by the support frame 10.
  • the bracket 10 includes a main body 11 and two support members 12.
  • the main body 11 includes a first frame 111 and a second frame 112 disposed opposite to the first frame.
  • the first frame body 111 and the second frame body 112 have the same shape.
  • the first frame body 111 and the second frame body 112 are both quadrangular.
  • the first frame body 111 is located above the second frame body 112.
  • the first frame body 111 is provided with a fixing block 1121 opposite to the second frame body 112.
  • the first frame 111 and the second frame 112 may be polygons such as a three-sided row, a pentagon, and a hexagon.
  • the two support members 12 are oppositely disposed, and each of the support members 12 is located between the two frame edges corresponding to the first frame body 111 and the second frame body 112 for connecting the first frame body 111 and the second frame body 112. Corresponding two frame edges.
  • the support member 12 includes a first connecting rod 121 , a second connecting rod 122 pivotally connected to the first connecting rod 121 , two sliding sleeves 123 , and a fixing member 124 .
  • the two sliding sleeves 123 are slidably disposed on the frame sides of the first frame body 111 and the second frame body 112, respectively.
  • One end of the first link 121 is pivotally connected to the frame edge of the first frame 111, and the other end is pivotally connected to the sliding sleeve 123 of the second frame 112.
  • One end of the second link 122 is pivotally connected to the frame edge of the second frame 112, and the other end is pivotally connected to the sliding sleeve 123 of the first frame 111.
  • the two fixing members 124 are used for fixing the two sliding sleeves 123 to prevent the two sliding sleeves 123 from continuing to slide on the frame sides of the first frame body 111 and the second frame body 112.
  • the soft body capsule 20 is made of synthetic rubber.
  • the soft body capsule 20 is made of a chlorosulfonated polyethylene material for containing a liquid whose shape corresponds to the shape of the first frame body 111 and the second frame body 112. That is, in the present embodiment, the soft body capsule 20 is unfolded into a hollow rectangular body having an opening 21 at the top, and a spacer 22 is provided at the bottom.
  • the spacer 22 is used to prevent the bottom of the soft capsule 20 from being worn and is easy to replace.
  • the spacer 22 is a whole piece and is attached to the bottom of the soft capsule 20.
  • the spacer 22 It may be a plurality of small pieces, or may be disposed at the bottom of the soft body capsule 20 in other ways to prevent the bottom of the soft body capsule 20 from being worn.
  • the soft body capsule 20 is located within the stent 10, and the edge at the opening 21 is fixed to the fixed block 1121 to prevent detachment from the stent 10 to facilitate the filling of the liquid.
  • the soft body capsule 20 when the liquid container 100 is in use, the soft body capsule 20 is positioned within the holder 10 for holding a liquid.
  • the soft body capsule 20 is taken out, because the soft body capsule 20 is made of a flexible material, so that the soft body capsule 20 can be folded up, and then the fixing member 124 is detached, and the sliding sleeve 123 is slid so that the first frame body 111 is superposed.
  • the bracket 10 With the second frame 112, the bracket 10 is stowed to reduce the space occupied by the bracket 10 for transportation and transportation, and the transportation cost is reduced.
  • two support members 12 are disposed between the first frame body 111 and the second frame body 112. In other embodiments, the number of the support members 12 may be set to one, three or four. .
  • Fracturing is based on the stress direction of the formation.
  • the ultra-high pressure of 50Mpa or more is applied to the rock layer through special fracturing fluid, which causes the formation to rupture and create many gaps.
  • the proppant is squeezed into the gap to establish the flow of shale gas. aisle.
  • Crack elongation can be controlled according to the state of the formation, up to 100 meters.
  • the role of the sand in the proppant is to prevent the crack from reclosing and reblocking the gas flow after the pressure of the fracturing car is released.
  • Stratigraphic fractures are connected in a network or dendritic shape, which increases the production of shale gas.
  • the hydro-blasting perforation uses a high pressure of 12 MPa to spray water with sand at a speed of 190 m per second from a special nozzle.
  • the addition of fine sand to the fluid is to speed up the perforating speed.
  • the casing can be shot through the casing and the rock layer is ejected out of the hole in about 15 minutes to provide conditions for the next fracturing operation.
  • the electric equipment for fracturing such as a fracturing truck and a connecting pipe pipe device, is connected to the diesel generator 5 or externally used as a power source to complete the work until The first shale gas well has gas production conditions.
  • the equipment required for fracturing consists of two parts: ground equipment and fracturing truck.
  • the ground equipment mainly includes a well-sealing device, a wellhead ball valve, a ball thrower, a movable elbow, an oil shovel, a wax ball pipe sink, a fracturing pipe sink, etc., and is a ground control tool above the wellhead, and this part of the ground equipment is usually not required to be connected.
  • the function of the fracturing truck is to inject high-pressure, large-displacement fracturing fluid into the well, laminate the ground, and squeeze the proppant into the crack. It belongs to the equipment that needs external power supply during the operation.
  • Step c exporting shale gas
  • the gas in the well can be led out and gas-liquid separation can be carried out in each well position 1 by means of spray or gas lift, and gaseous shale gas can be obtained after gas-liquid separation;
  • the well is washed, and the connecting pipe is inserted into the well through the connecting pipe discharging device, and the gas in the well is ejected by the spray or gas lift method, and the shale gas flows through the connecting pipe to the wellhead, collects into the gas pipe, and passes through the separator. 2 Separating the gas from the liquid water, the gas enters the gas gathering station 3, the liquid water enters the sewage pool 4 of each well site, and then flows from the sewage pool 4 to the sewage treatment station for sewage treatment.
  • the electric equipment for guiding the gas in the well is connected to the diesel generator 5 or externally used as a power source to complete the gas lift or the spray operation until the first shale gas well has Gas production conditions.
  • step d When the first shale gas well has gas production conditions, proceed to step d.
  • the gas well when the first well position 1 has the condition for deriving shale gas, the gas well can be directly separated by gas-liquid separation device after being exported;
  • all or part of the shale gas derived from each well 1 can be exported to the same gas-liquid separation station for centralized treatment.
  • Step d supplying all shale gas output from the well capable of supplying shale gas, or at least part of shale gas to the gas generator 6 for power generation, and outputting the generated electric energy to equipment used for shale gas operation, Or at least part of the equipment used in shale gas operations.
  • the equipment used for the shale gas operation is a device that requires an external power source during the operation.
  • the equipment used in shale gas operation mainly includes a first drilling rig, a second drilling rig, and an electric fracturing device for fracturing operations, and the generated shale gas is sent to the gas generator 6 and generates electricity.
  • the energy saving effect is particularly obvious.
  • the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation is different from the embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of a liquid container 200 for a fracturing operation.
  • the liquid container 200 also includes a holder 22, a soft body capsule 24 disposed in the holder 22 for holding a liquid, and a flexible mesh 23 disposed between the holder 22 and the soft body capsule 24.
  • the bracket 22 includes four frames 221 and six supports 223.
  • the structure and shape of the four frames 221 are the same as those of the first frame 111 and the second frame 112 of the liquid container 100, and are all quadrangular.
  • the four frames 221 are spaced apart, and their frame edges are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the support member 223 is configured to connect the corresponding frame edges of the two adjacent frames 221, and two support members 223 are disposed between each two adjacent frames 221 .
  • Each support member 223 also includes a first link 2231, a second link 2232, and a sliding sleeve 2233.
  • the positional relationship between the first link 2231, the second link 2232, the sliding sleeve 2233 and the five frames 221 and the first link 121 and the second link 122 on the support member 12 in the first preferred embodiment The positional relationship between the sliding sleeve 123 and the first frame 111 and the second frame 112 is the same.
  • the first link 2231 and the second link 2232 which are simultaneously connected to the same frame edge of the frame 221 are fixed to the same sliding sleeve 2233.
  • One of the six supports 223 further includes a power element 2234 for urging the sliding sleeve 2233 to slide relative to the frame edge of the frame 221 such that the bracket 22 is deployed.
  • a power element 2234 for urging the sliding sleeve 2233 to slide relative to the frame edge of the frame 221 such that the bracket 22 is deployed.
  • one end of the power component 2234 is fixed to the frame edge of the lowermost frame body 221, and the other end is fixed to the sliding sleeve 2233 of the frame edge for driving the sliding sleeve 2233 to slide relative to the frame edge.
  • the bracket 22 is placed in a folded or unfolded state for ease of handling or transportation.
  • the power element 2234 is a liquid cylinder. In other embodiments, the power element may be a cylinder.
  • the flexible mesh 23 is supported by a flexible material and may be a nylon mesh or the like.
  • the flexible mesh 23 is disposed between the bracket 22 and the soft body capsule 24 to prevent the soft body capsule 24 from being swelled from between the plurality of frames 221 to be broken.
  • the number of the frames 221 is four. In other embodiments, the number of the frames 221 may be set as needed, and the number of the supports 223 also varies with the number of the frames 221 .
  • the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation is different from the embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a third preferred embodiment of a liquid container 200 for a fracturing operation of the present invention.
  • the liquid container 300 also includes a holder 31 and a soft body capsule 32 disposed in the holder 31 for containing a liquid.
  • the bracket 31 includes three frames 311 and six supports 312. Unlike the frame 221 in the liquid container 200 of the second preferred embodiment, the three frames 311 are all hexagonal. The three frames 311 are spaced apart, and their frame edges are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the support member 312 is configured to connect the corresponding frame edges of the two adjacent frames 311, and three support members 312 are disposed between each two adjacent frames 312.
  • the structure of each of the support members 312 and the positional relationship with the frame body 311 are the same as the structure of each of the support members 223 of the liquid container 200 of the second preferred embodiment and the positional relationship with the frame body 221.
  • the number of the frames 311 is three. In other embodiments, the number of the frames 311 may be set as needed, and the number of the supports 312 also varies with the number of the frames 311.
  • the remaining shale gas working method, the remaining structure of the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation, and the like are referred to in the second embodiment.
  • the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation is different from the embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a fourth preferred embodiment of a liquid container 200 for a fracturing operation of the present invention.
  • the liquid container 400 also includes a bracket 41 and a soft body capsule 42 disposed in the bracket 41 for containing a liquid.
  • the holder 41 is constituted by three liquid containers 200 of the second embodiment, the five frames 221 of the liquid container 200 are arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the three liquid containers are arranged side by side in the lateral direction to form the liquid container 400, that is, Three housings 221 are arranged in the lateral direction of the liquid container 400, and the three housings 221 are integrally formed.
  • the liquid container 400 may be composed of two, four, five, etc., the liquid containers 200 of the second embodiment, of course,
  • the liquid container 100 of the first embodiment and the liquid container 300 of the second embodiment are constituted.
  • the remaining shale gas working method, and the remaining structure of the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation, etc. refer to Example 3.
  • the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation is different from the embodiment 1;
  • the liquid container 600 includes two fourth preferred embodiment liquid containers 400 and a connector 61 for attaching the two liquid containers 400.
  • the connecting member 61 is substantially U-shaped, and has screw holes 611 for the screws 62 to pass through at both ends thereof.
  • the adjacent two frame sides of the two liquid containers 400 are locked in the connecting member 61, and the screws 62 are used for respectively Both ends of the connecting member 61 are fixed to the two liquid containers 400.
  • the liquid container 500 includes a bracket 51 and a soft body capsule 52 disposed in the bracket 51 for containing a liquid.
  • the bracket 51 includes six frames 511 and twenty supports 512.
  • the six frames 511 are spaced apart, and their frame edges are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the support member 512 is used to connect the corresponding frame edges on the two adjacent frames 511.
  • Four support members 512 are disposed between each two frames 511.
  • the connection between one of the links 513 and the frame edge of the frame 511 is not connected in the form of a sliding sleeve, but a sliding groove 514 is provided on the frame side of the frame 511, and the connecting rod 513 is provided.
  • One end is slidably disposed in the sliding slot 514 and fixed to the power element 515.
  • only one chute 514 is provided. In other embodiments, the number of chutes 514 can be set as needed.
  • the power element 515 of the liquid container 500 can drive the link 513 to slide relative to the frame 511, thereby enabling the liquid container 500 to be in an open state or a folded state for easy handling or transportation.
  • the liquid container 700 includes a holder 71 and a soft body capsule 72 disposed in the holder 71 for containing a liquid.
  • the bracket 71 includes nine frames 711 and thirty-two supports 712.
  • the nine frames 711 are spaced apart, and their frame edges correspond one-to-one.
  • the support member 712 is used to connect the corresponding frame edges on the two adjacent frames 711.
  • Four support members 712 are disposed between each two frames 711.
  • the connection between the first link 713 and the second link 714 and the frame edge of the frame 711 is not connected in the form of a sliding sleeve, but is provided on the frame side of the frame 711.
  • One end of the first link 713 and the second link 714 are respectively pivotally connected to the roller 716, and are rolled and disposed in the sliding slot 714 by the roller 716, and the first link 713 is fixed on the power component 715.
  • the power element 715 can drive the link 713 to slide relative to the frame 711, thereby enabling the liquid container 700 to be in an open state or a folded state for easy handling or transportation.
  • the remaining shale gas working method, and the remaining structure of the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation, etc. refer to Example 4.
  • the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation is different from the embodiment 1;
  • the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation in the present embodiment includes a base 80, a bracket 10, four flexible nets 23 and four soft body capsules 24, wherein the base 80 is disposed in the frame body. 111 bottom.
  • the storage cavity 90 is a rigid receiving cavity, and the storage cavity 90 is internally used for storing software.
  • the bladder 24 is disposed in the accommodating chamber 90.
  • the top of the soft capsule 24 is provided with an opening, and the edge of the opening at the top of the soft capsule 24 is fitted to the top of the accommodating chamber 90.
  • a pressure ring 50 is provided on the top of the soft body capsule 24, and the pressure ring 50 presses the opening of the soft body capsule 24 against the frame body 111, and the top edge of the flexible mesh 23 can be fixed to the bracket 10.
  • a water pipe 70 is further disposed on the base 80.
  • the water pipe 70 communicates with the soft body bag 24 disposed in the receiving cavity 90.
  • the soft body bag 24 is provided with a corresponding water inlet and communicates with the water pipe 70.
  • a liquid level detecting device is also disposed on the water pipe 70 for detecting the height of the liquid in the soft body capsule 24.
  • the bottom of the storage chamber 90 is tapered and has a funnel shape.
  • the shape of the flexible mesh 23 is adapted to the shape of the inner wall of the bracket 10.
  • the inner shape of the flexible mesh 23 and the bracket 10 are both cylindrical.
  • the outer surface of the flexible mesh 23 is sleeved with an elastic band 60, and the elastic member compresses the flexible mesh 23 in the bracket 10.
  • the flexible mesh 23 is radially gathered inside the bracket 10 to prevent the bracket 10 from sandwiching the flexible mesh 23 when tightened.
  • the soft body capsule 24 is disposed in the flexible mesh 23 to reduce the force of the soft body capsule 24 on the bracket 10, thereby reducing the deformation of the bracket 10, improving the service life and safety.
  • the bracket 10 includes at least two frames 111 and a support member 12.
  • a locking device 21 is disposed between the support member 12 and the frame 111.
  • the locking device 21 limits the support member 12 to the frame.
  • the body 111 is used to limit the support member 12 when the bracket 10 is in the unfolded state.
  • the locking device 21 includes a latching post 211 and a pull rod 212 connected to the latching post 211.
  • the latching post 211 passes through the rotating shaft and the frame 111.
  • the card post 211 can be located on the sliding path of the support member 12 relative to the frame edge of the frame 111, and the support member 12 is restrained by the card post 211, thereby providing support.
  • the piece 12 maintains the supporting force in the unfolded state.
  • the movable end of the latching post 211 can be rotated into the sliding stroke range of the sliding sleeve 123; at this time, in order to keep the supporting member 12 in the unfolded state, After the card post 211 is rotated into the sliding stroke range of the sliding sleeve 123, one end of the latching post 211 is pressed against the sliding sleeve 123, and the other end of the latching post 211 is connected to the pin shaft, thereby realizing the card connection and limiting
  • the relative movement of the support member 12 and the frame edge of the frame body 111 is such that the support member 12 and the frame edge of the frame body 111 are locked.
  • the card post 211 can be rotated to not be aligned with the sliding sleeve 123. Interference, unlocking.
  • the movable end of the card post 211 can be rotated into the sliding stroke of the support member 12 on the sliding groove 514, that is, the minimum of the rotating shaft and the sliding groove 514.
  • the sum of the pitches is smaller than the length of the card post 211.
  • the movable end of the frame and the pin are engaged to limit the relative movement of the support member 12 and the frame edge of the frame 111, thereby realizing the limit locking of the frame of the support member 12 and the frame 111, and rotating the card post 211 to the support member.
  • the unlocking can be achieved.
  • a pull rod 212 is connected to the card post 211, and the latch post 211 is driven by the pull rod 212 to achieve limit locking and unlocking.
  • the number of liquid containers is two, and the liquid containers are arranged in a vertical direction, and the liquid containers are screwed by a second connecting member 62.
  • the liquid is stored in the above liquid container, and when the liquid container needs to be transported, the soft body can and the bracket can be respectively folded, which reduces the space occupied by the liquid container and is convenient for handling and transportation.
  • the remaining shale gas working method, the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation, and the like are referred to in the fifth embodiment.
  • the shale gas operation method comprises the following steps:
  • Step a drilling separately on each well position 1; the specific steps are as follows:
  • Step a1 in the first well position 1, drilling a vertical well with the first drilling machine, and cementing the well; after completing the vertical well operation of the well position 1, moving the first drilling machine and performing the vertical well operation of the next well position 1;
  • Step a2 using the first drilling machine, performing a slanting drilling on the vertical well bored in step a1, completing the horizontal well operation, and cementing the well; after completing the horizontal well operation of the vertical wellbore, moving the first rig Carry out the horizontal well operation of the wellbore.
  • Step b performing fracturing on each well position 1; specifically comprising the following steps:
  • Step b1 connecting the fracturing vehicle with the hydraulic blasting perforating device, and positioning the tool for hydraulic blasting and perforating into the well;
  • the hydro-blasting perforation uses a high pressure of 12 MPa to spray water with sand at a speed of 190 m per second from a special nozzle.
  • the addition of fine sand to the fluid is to speed up the perforating speed.
  • the casing can be shot through the casing and the rock layer is ejected out of the hole in about 15 minutes to provide conditions for the next fracturing operation.
  • Step b2 performing a segmental hydraulic blasting perforation at a pitch of 100 m;
  • Step b3 annulus sand fracturing
  • Fracturing is subtly based on the stress direction of the formation.
  • the super-high pressure above 50Mpa acts on the rock layer through the fracturing fluid, causing the formation to rupture and create many gaps.
  • the proppant is squeezed into the gap to establish the flow of shale gas. aisle.
  • Crack elongation can be controlled according to the state of the formation, up to 100 meters.
  • the role of the sand in the proppant is to prevent the crack from reclosing and reblocking the gas flow after the pressure of the fracturing car is released.
  • Stratigraphic fractures are connected in a network or dendritic shape, which increases the production of shale gas.
  • step b4 steps b2 and b3 are repeated until the segmentation of each segment is completed.
  • Step c pumping; that is, in each well position 1 with gas production conditions, the liquid in the well is led out and gas-liquid separation is carried out by means of spray or gas lift, and gaseous shale gas is obtained after gas-liquid separation;
  • the sewage obtained by the gas-liquid separation is pumped into the sewage collection tank for sewage treatment.
  • Step d supplying all shale gas output from the well capable of supplying shale gas, or at least part of shale gas to the gas generator 6 for power generation, and outputting the generated electric energy to equipment used for shale gas operation, Or at least part of the equipment used for shale gas operations
  • the equipment used for the shale gas operation is a device that requires an external power source during the operation.
  • the liquid used for the fracturing operation is stored and transported by using the liquid container according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 6.
  • the shale gas operation method comprises the following steps:
  • Step a drilling separately on each well 1;
  • the vertical well is drilled; first, the first well position 1 is drilled with the self-propelled 30DBS hydraulic super single drill as the first rig, through the water or complex layer, into the surface casing, and cemented.
  • the self-propelled 30DBS hydraulic super single drilling rig is moved 4 to 5 meters, the above operation is repeated in the next well position 1, and the well position 1 drilling of all the straight well sections is gradually completed.
  • the use of a super single drill as the first rig has the advantages of small footprint, convenient transportation, quick installation and high automation.
  • the 50DBS drilling rig is used as the second drilling rig to continue the stepping drilling.
  • the power drill is used, and the MWD drilling while measuring instrument is used to make the oblique drilling.
  • the target area is located in the middle of the Longmaxi Formation and reaches the landing point and drills horizontally.
  • the horizontal section is approximately 2 kilometers in length. At this time, both the first rig that drilled the vertical well and the second rig that hit the horizontal well were working at the same time. After the horizontal section is drilled, the casing is placed in the production zone and cemented with low-density cement such as foam.
  • Step b performing fracturing on each well 1;
  • the connecting pipe is used for hydraulic blasting perforation and annulus sand fracturing
  • Step b1 connecting the fracturing vehicle to the hydraulic blasting perforating device, and the tools required for the hydraulic blasting perforating, such as an injection head, are mounted on the connecting pipe, and the tool for hydraulic blasting perforating is inserted into the well through the connecting pipe arranging device.
  • Step b2 performing a segmental hydraulic blasting perforation at a pitch of 150 m;
  • Step b3 at an interval of 150 m, an air ring is added to the sand fracturing;
  • step b4 steps b2 and b3 are repeated until the segmentation of each segment is completed.
  • Step c pumping
  • the connecting pipe is connected through the connecting pipe pipe device, and the liquid in the well is ejected by the spray or gas lift method, and the shale gas flows through the connecting pipe to the wellhead, collects into the gas pipe, and passes the gas through the separator 2 Separate from the liquid water, the gas enters the gas gathering station 3; the liquid water enters the sewage pool 4 of each well site, and then flows from the sewage pool 4 to the sewage treatment station.
  • Step d supplying all shale gas output from the well capable of supplying shale gas, or at least part of shale gas to the gas generator 6 for power generation, and outputting the generated electric energy to equipment used for shale gas operation, Or at least part of the equipment used in shale gas operations.
  • the equipment used for shale gas operation is a device that requires an external power supply during operation. It can be an electric drill, a fracturing truck, etc., and can also include other equipment that consumes electrical energy for shale gas operations.
  • the gas generator 6 is used instead of the diesel generator 5, and the self-produced shale gas is used to generate electricity, which provides power for the electric drilling machine, fracturing truck and other equipment to continue operation, which reduces the cost of drilling and completion. , and reduced emissions of pollutants.
  • the liquid used for the fracturing operation is stored and transported by using the liquid container according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 6.
  • the liquid used for the fracturing operation is stored and transported by using the liquid container according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 6.
  • the specific steps of the shale gas working method, the specific structure of the liquid container 200 for the fracturing operation, and the like are referred to in the first embodiment.

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Abstract

一种页岩气作业方法,包括如下步骤:a、钻井;b、压裂;c、导出页岩气;d将能够供给页岩气的井所输出的全部页岩气、或至少部分页岩气供给燃气发电机进行发电,并将所发出的电能输出至页岩气作业所使用的设备、或至少部分页岩气作业所使用的设备中。改变了现有技术中,开采全程均用柴油发电机、或外界工业用电的方式进行供电的方式,实现"以气打气、气电结合"的方式,降低施工成本。

Description

一种页岩气作业方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃气开采作业方法,尤其是一种页岩气作业方法。
背景技术
页岩气是指聚集在暗色泥页岩或高碳泥页岩中,以吸附或游离状态为主要存在方式的天然气,它与常规天然气的理化性质完全一样,只不过赋存于渗透率、孔隙度极低的泥页岩之中。页岩气开发深度范围较煤层气大,但孔、渗、饱相比煤层气要小一些,很大程度上增加了页岩气的开采难度,因此被业界归为非常规油气资源。
由于页岩气通常储藏于致密岩层内,开采难度大,投入产出比低、成本高; 如2010年第12期《内江科技》的第131页中表3所示,对于页岩气的开采方法,由于页岩气是填充于页岩裂隙、微细孔隙及层面内的天然气,其储层的渗透率低、气流的阻力比传统天然气大得多,从而通常需要采取增产措施、及特殊的钻井方法。
如2011年6月的《天然气地球科学》中第22卷第3期中511~516页所示,在对页岩气的开采过程中,通常以水平钻井和水力压裂方法作为页岩气区别与传统天然气开发的主要区别,即通常在开设直井的基础上,辅以开设水平井,以提高采集率;并结合压裂的方法,进一步提高储层渗透率,使得地层中的天然气更容易流入井筒。
但是,现有的页岩气作业方法通常存在以下不足之处:
1、作业成本高;在钻井、压裂等多个步骤中,都需要采用柴油发电机或工业用电作为电源,用以向电动钻机、压裂车等设备提供动力,成本高。
2、通常采用刚性圆罐体为压裂施工作业时储存清水或回收反排液。然而,在压裂施工作业时,需要储存数千方清水,就需要刚性圆罐体数十个。而且,因为刚性罐体的体积较大,不便于搬运,运输成本高,占用井场面积大,平整井场成本高,环境恢复成本高。
发明内容
针对上述不足之处,本发明的目的是:提供一种作业成本较低的页岩气作业方法;
进一步,提供一种作业过程中,液体容器更易搬运和运输的页岩气作业方法;
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
一种页岩气作业方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a、钻井;
b、压裂;
c、导出页岩气;
d、将能够供给页岩气的井所输出的全部页岩气、或至少部分页岩气供给燃气发电机进行发电,并将所发出的电能输出至页岩气作业所使用的设备、或至少部分页岩气作业所使用的设备中。
优选的,步骤c中,用替喷或气举的方法将井内气体导出,并进行气液分离,气液分离后得到气态的页岩气和液态的污水;采用这样的方法,可以提高导出的页岩气的纯度,更易于供给燃气发电机进行发电。
采用上述方法,页岩气作业时,当气井尚未具备生产条件前,通过柴油发电机、或外接工业用电的方式对电动作业设备提供电力,进行钻井、压裂等作业,当作业至具备页岩气生产条件以后,将开采所得的页岩气作为燃料,通过燃气发电机转换成电能、向电动作业设备供电,改变了现有技术中,开采全程均用柴油发电机、或外界工业用电的方式进行供电的方式,实现“以气打气、气电结合”的方式,降低施工成本。
优选的,所述页岩气作业使用的设备为作业过程中需要外接电源的设备;具体的,需要外接电源的设备包括用以钻井的第一钻机、第二钻机、及用以压裂作业的电动压裂设备等。第一钻机、第二钻机、及电动压裂设备在作业时能耗高,将上述设备以页岩气为燃料进行驱动,节能效果尤为显著。
优选的,所述页岩气作业使用的设备包括第一钻机和第二钻机;
所述步骤a中,具体包括以下步骤:
a1、在首个井位,用第一钻机钻出直井,并固井;完成该井位的直井作业以后,移动第一钻机、进行下一井位的直井作业;
a2、利用第二钻机,对步骤a1中钻出的直井井眼进行造斜钻进,完成水平井作业,并固井;完成该直井井眼的水平井作业后,移动所述第二钻机、进行下一直井井眼的水平井作业。
采用这样的方法,水平钻井无需等待全部直井作业完成,从而提早结束水平井的作业,加快页岩气出产速度,使电动作业设备以更多的时间利用页岩气发电、并驱动页岩气作业所使用的设备进行作业,从而进一步降低施工作业的成本。
本步骤中所述的第一钻机和第二钻机,属于作业过程中需要外接电源的设备。
优选的,所述页岩气作业使用的设备还包括压裂车;
所述步骤b中,具体包括以下步骤:
b1、将压裂车与水力喷砂射孔装置连接,并将水力喷砂射孔的工具入井定位;
b2、以100m~150m的间距,进行分段水力喷砂射孔;
b3、环空加砂压裂;
b4、重复进行步骤b2和b3,直至完成各分段压裂。
通过连接管、以100m~150m的间距进行分段式压裂,具有结构简单、作业深度高大、压裂效果好的有益效果。
本步骤中,压裂所需的设备包括地面设备和压裂车两部分组成。
其中,地面设备主要有封井器、井口球阀、投球器、活动弯头、油壬、蜡球管汇、压裂管汇等,为井口以上地面控制类工具,此部分地面设备通常为无需接电的、用以将压裂车泵出的液体汇集注入压裂井的目的层的设备;
压裂车的作用是向井内注入高压、大排量的压裂液,将地层压开,把支撑剂挤入裂缝,属于作业过程中,需要外接电源的设备。
优选的,将压裂作业后井内的反排液导出,并循环使用;
考虑在水平井中,每个分段的压力相同,优选的,在步骤c2之后、环空加砂压裂之前,需先向该段注入抗压液,以增加该段砂柱的黏度,从而避免对后一段加砂压裂产生影响。
优选的,所述步骤b4之后,进行冲砂、洗井,将井筒内的沙粒移至地面。
由于分段压裂会在各段之间搭建砂桥,以起到封隔前面已压井段作用,所以,当各段全部压裂完成后,需要将井筒中的砂粒全部冲出,进一步提高页岩气产量。
优选的,所述步骤c中,用替喷或气举的方法将井内气体导出,并进行气液分离,气液分离后得到气态的页岩气和液态的污水;
将气液分离后得到的污水送入至污水收集池内,进行污水处理;
将气液分离后得到的全部或部分页岩气送入至所述步骤d的燃气发电机中发电。
此步骤中,当首个井位具备导出页岩气的条件时,可将其导出后,利用气液分离装置进行气液分离;
当有若干个井位具备导出页岩气的条件时,为了节约成本,可将各井位1导出的全部或部分页岩气,导出至同一气液分离站进行集中处理,降低施工现场的环境污染。
优选的,在上述页岩气作业方法中,还包括液体容器;所述步骤b中,用于压裂作业的压裂液储存于所述液体容器中,所述液体容器包括可折叠的中空的支架和设置于支架内用于盛装液体的软体囊,所述支架包括至少两个框体和支撑件,所述支撑件枢接于所述两框体。
利用上述液体容器进行页岩气作业时,机动性强,当需要运输时,可将软体罐和支架分别折叠,这样减小了液体容器所占用的空间,便于搬运和运输。
优选的,所述液体容器还包括锁紧装置;所述锁紧装置设置在所述支撑件与所述框体间,所述锁紧装置将所述支撑件限位在所述框体上,所述液体容器还包括转轴和卡位柱;所述转轴设置在所述框体的下部,所述卡位柱通过所述转轴与所述框体铰接,所述卡位柱的活动端可旋转至所述滑套的滑动行程范围内。
采用这样的结构,可将支撑件限位在框体上,用以在支撑件将软体囊支撑起后,使支架保持展开状态,并利用卡位柱与支撑件活动端的卡式连接,实现支撑件的实现限位锁定;当框体支起时,可将卡位柱转动至滑套的滑动行程范围内,并将卡位柱与滑套卡式连接,实现限位锁定;当框体放下时,可将卡位柱转动至不与滑套相干涉处,实现解锁。
优选的,所述液体容器还包括设置于支架和软体囊之间的柔性网;所述柔性网的形状与所述支架的内壁形状相适配;所述液体容器还包括弹性件,所述弹性件设置于所述柔性网,所述弹性件将所述柔性网压缩在所述支架的内部;所述弹性件为弹性带状物。
增设柔性网后,可减小软体囊对支架的作用力,从而减小支架的形变,提高使用寿命和安全性;
通过弹性件向软体囊施力,可避免支架在折叠时,将软体囊挤压在缝隙内,提高了软体囊的寿命和装置的可靠性;
采用在软体囊外部套设弹性带的方式,在提高了软体囊的寿命的同时,具有结构简单、成本低廉的有益效果;
并由于柔性网的形状与所述支架的内壁形状相适配,可减小软体囊对支架的作用力,从而减小支架的形变,提高使用寿命和安全性。
更优选的,所述支撑件包括第一连杆、第二连杆和滑套,所述第一连杆和第二连杆交叉枢接,所述滑套分别滑动地设置于所述两个框体上的其中之一者上,所述第一连杆一端枢接于所述两个框体的其中之一者上,另一端枢接于所述两个框体的其中之另一者上的滑套上,所述第二连杆一端枢接于所述两个框体的其中之另一者上,另一端滑动地设置于所述两个框体的其中之一者上。
更优选的,所述支撑件包括第一连杆、第二连杆和滚轮,所述第一连杆和第二连杆交叉枢接,所述两个框体至少其中之一者上开设有滑槽,所述滚轮设置于所述的滑槽内,所述第一连杆一端枢接于所述两个框体的其中之一者上,另一端枢接于所述两个框体的其中之另一者上的滚轮上,所述第二连杆一端枢接于所述两个框体的其中之另一者上,另一端枢接于所述两个框体的其中之一者上。
更优选的,所述液体容器还包括转轴和卡位柱;所述转轴设置于所述框体的下部,所述卡位柱通过所述转轴与所述框体铰接,所述转轴与所述滑槽的最小间距之和小于所述卡位柱的长度。采用这样的结构,可利用卡位柱与支撑件活动端的卡式连接,实现支撑件的实现限位锁定;当框体支起时,可将卡位柱转动至滑槽内、并干涉滚轮或支撑件活动端,从而抵住支撑件活动端、并限制其移动范围;当框体放下时,可将卡位柱转动至不与滚轮及支撑件活动端相干涉处,实现解锁。
更优选的,所述液体容器还包括拉杆,所述拉杆与所述卡位柱铰接。采用这样的结构,便于操作人员从外部对卡位柱进行操作。
更优选的,所述液体容器还包括底座和收纳腔,所述底座设置于所述框体的底部,所述收纳腔设置于所述底座上,所述软体囊设置于所述收纳腔内。采用这样的结构,便于将软体囊收纳,从而延长软体囊的寿命,从而使之可多次重复使用。
更优选的,所述软体囊的顶部设置有开口,所述软体囊顶部的开口的边缘套装于所述框体顶部。采用这样的结构,可便于在软体囊内部储存和泄放液体。
更优选的,所述液体容器还包括压环,所述压环设置于所述软体囊的顶部,所述压环将所述软体囊的开口压接在所述框体上。采用这样的结构,可使软体囊在稳定地压接在框体上,避免软体囊在储水状态下脱离框体,同时,这样的连接方式受力均匀,可避免因连接处应力集中而造成软体囊伤。
更优选的,所述收纳腔底部呈锥形。采用这样的结构,可使本发明液体容器适用于流体物质,如用于盛沙等。
更优选的,所述液体容器还包括水管,所述水管设置在所述底座上,所述水管与设于所述收纳腔内的所述软体囊连通。采用这样的结构,便于向软体囊内注水、及将软体囊内水放出。
更优选的,所述进水管上设置有液位检测装置。采用这样的结构,便于观测软体囊内部的液位状况。
更优选的,所述支撑件还包括动力元件,所述动力元件一端固定于所述框体上,另一端固定于所述第一连杆的另一端上,用于带动所述第一连杆的另一端相对于框体滑动。
更优选的,所述动力元件为液缸或者气缸。
更优选的,所述框体为多边形。
更优选的,所述框体为四边形或者六边形。
更优选的,所述框体的数目为四个,所述支撑件的数目为六个,所述四个框体间隔设置,且每相邻的两个框体之间设置有两个支撑件。
更优选的,所述框体的数目为三个,所述支撑件的数目为六个,所述四个框体间隔设置,且每相邻的两个框体之间间隔设置有三个支撑件。
更优选的,所述软体囊由合成橡胶制成。
更优选的,所述软体囊由氯磺化聚乙烯材料制成。
更优选的,所述软体囊的底部设置有垫片。
更优选的,还包括由多个横向排列而成的液体容器;
更所述液体容器包括可折叠的中空的支架和设置于支架内用于盛装液体的软体囊;所述支架包括至少两个框体和支撑件,所述支撑件枢接于所述两框体;在横向方向上并列的多个所述框体一体成型;所述步骤c中,用于压裂作业的压裂液储存于所述液体容器中;
更优选的,所述液体容器的数量为多个,所述液体容器沿竖向方向排列而成,所述液体容器之间通过第二连接件螺纹连接。采用这样的结构,具有占地面积少、且在井场无需另行施工布置存放空间的有益效果。
更优选的,还包括液体容器组件,用于压裂作业的压裂液储存于所述液体容器组件中;所述液体容器组件包括至少两个液体容器、和用于将至少两个液体容器固定在一起的连接件,所述连接件一端固定于至少两个液体容器的其中之一者上,另一端固定于至少两个液体容器的其中之另一者上。
更所述液体容器包括可折叠的中空的支架、和设置于支架内用于盛装液体的软体囊;所述支架包括至少两个框体和支撑件,所述支撑件枢接于所述两框体;在横向方向上并列的多个所述框体一体成型。
更优选的,所述连接件固定于所述至少两个液体容器的相邻的框边上。
更优选的,所述连接件大致为U型,所述至少两个液体容器的相邻的框边卡设于所述连接件内,所述连接件两端各开设有供螺钉穿过的螺孔,所述螺钉用于固定所述连接件。
在上述液体容器后需要运输时,可将软体罐和支架分别折叠,这样减小了液体容器所占用的空间,便于搬运和运输。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1、在页岩气作业时,当气井尚未具备生产条件前,通过柴油发电机、或外接工业用电的方式对电动作业设备提供电力,进行钻井、压裂等作业,当作业至具备页岩气生产条件以后,将开采所得的页岩气作为燃料,通过燃气发电机转换成电能、向电动作业设备供电,改变了现有技术中,开采全程均用柴油发电机、或外界工业用电的方式进行供电的方式,实现“以气打气、气电结合”的方式,降低施工成本。
2、由于软体罐和支架可分别折叠,这样减小了液体容器所占用的空间,便于搬运和运输。
3、通过连接管进行分段式压裂,具有结构简单、作业深度高大、压裂效果好的有益效果。
4、通过将污水泵出汇集后,进行集中处理,降低施工现场的环境污染。
附图说明
图1是本发明页岩气作业方法的井场示意图。
图2是本发明页岩气作业方法的设备布置示意图。
图3为本发明中第一较佳实施例液体容器的立体图。
图4为图3中液体容器的支架的立体图。
图5为图3中液体容器的软体囊的展开后的立体图。
图6为图4中支架折叠状态的主视图。
图7为本发明中第二较佳实施方式液体容器的立体图。
图8为图7中液体容器的支架的立体图。
图9为图8支架折叠后的主视图。
图10为本发明中第三较佳实施方式液体容器的立体图。
图11为图10中液体容器的支架的立体图。
图12为图11中支架折叠后的主视图。
图13为本发明中第四较佳实施方式液体容器的立体图。
图14为由两个图13中液体容器组成的液体容器组件示意图。
图15为图14中液体容器组件的局部放大图。
图16为图15中液体容器组件的连接件的立体图。
图17为本发明中第五较佳实施方式液体容器的立体图。
图18为图17中液体容器的局部放大图。
图19为图18的局部剖视图。
图20为本发明中第六较佳实施方式液体容器的立体图。
图21为图20中液体容器的局部放大图。
图22为图21中液体容器局部放大图的局部剖视图。
图23为本发明中第七较佳实施方式液体容器折叠时的立体图。
图24为图23中液体容器展开时的立体图。
图25为图23中支架折叠时的结构示意图。
图26为图23中支架展开时的结构示意图。
图27为图23中支架及锁紧装置的放大示意图。
图28为图23中柔性网的结构示意图。
图29为图23中软体囊的结构示意图。
图30为图23的仰视图。
图31为由两组图23中液体容器组合而成的结构示意图。
图32为图31顶部放大示意图。
图33为图31底部放大示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
本发明的实施方式不限于以下实施例,在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出的各种变化均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
请参阅图1、图2。
本实施例中,页岩气作业方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤a、钻井;
首先打直井:利用超级单根钻机或者齿轮齿条钻机作为第一钻机,穿过含水或复杂层位,下入表层套管,并固井;待直井段钻完后,将超级单根钻机或者齿轮齿条钻机移动4至5米,在下一井位1重复上述直井作业;
当首个直井作业完成后,用步进式钻机作为第二钻机,在前面已钻的直井井眼继续钻进,进行水平钻井,具体方法如下:
钻出套管30米后,用动力钻具,带上MWD随钻测量仪,进行造斜钻进,靶区位于龙马溪组的中部,到达着陆点后水平钻进。水平段长度约2千米。这时,井场上既有打直井的第一钻机、也有打水平井的第二钻机在同时作业。水平段钻完后,下入产层套管,并采用泡沫等低密度水泥固井。
当首个水平井完成作业后,立即进行压裂步骤;并将此步骤中的第二钻机移动至下一直井井位1继续钻水平井,并重复进行上述作业,直至所有井位1的直井与水平井均完成作业。
本步骤中,所述的第一钻机和第二钻机,属于作业过程中需要外接电源的设备。
本步骤中,用于进行钻井的电动设备、如第一钻机、第二钻机等,通过与柴油发电机5连接、或外接工业用电的方式作为电源,用以完成作业、直至首个页岩气井具备产气条件。
步骤b、压裂;
首先,将压裂作业所需的连接管排管装置、注入头、压裂车、液体容器等设备部署到位,并完成组装。
通过压裂设备,当水平段固井后,采用连续管水力喷砂射孔和环空加砂压裂的方法进行压裂作业。
用于压裂作业的液体储存于所述液体容器100中,压裂作业的液体主要包括压裂液、及用于压裂后洗井的水。
所述液体容器100包括可折叠的中空的支架10、和设置于支架10内用于盛装液体的软体囊20。
具体的,如图3所示,液体容器100包括可折叠的支架10和软体囊20,软体囊20放置于支撑架10内,并由支撑架10支撑。
请参阅图4,支架10包括主体11和两个支撑件12。主体11包括第一框体111和与第一框体相对设置的第二框体112。第一框体111和第二框体112的形状相同,在本实施方式中,第一框体111和第二框体112均为四边形。其中,第一框体111位于第二框体112之上,第一框体111上设置有与第二框体112相背的固定块1121。在其他实施方式中,第一框体111和第二框体112可为三边行、五边形、六边形等多边形。
两个支撑件12相对设置,且每个支撑件12分别位于第一框体111和第二框体112相对应的两框边之间,用于连接第一框体111和第二框体112相对应的两框边。
支撑件12包括第一连杆121、与第一连杆121交叉枢接的第二连杆122、两滑套123以及固定件124。两滑套123分别滑动地设置于第一框体111和第二框体112的框边上。第一连杆121的一端枢接于第一框体111的框边上,另一端枢接于第二框体112的滑套123上。第二连杆122的一端枢接于第二框体112的框边上,另一端枢接于第一框体111上的滑套123上。两固定件124用于固定两滑套123,防止两滑套123在第一框体111和第二框体112框边上继续滑动。
请参阅图5,软体囊20由合成橡胶制成。在本实施方式中,软体囊20由氯磺化聚乙烯材料制成,用于盛装液体,其形状与第一框体111和第二框体112的形状相对应。也就是说,在本实施方式中,软体囊20展开为一顶部具有开口21的中空矩形体,底部设置有垫片22。垫片22用以防止软体囊20的底部被磨损,且便于更换,在本实施方式中,垫片22为一整片,且粘贴于软体囊20的底部,在其他实施方式中,垫片22可为多个小片,也可才用其他方式设置于软体囊20的底部,防止软体囊20的底部被磨损。软体囊20位于支架10内,且开口21处的边缘被固定于固定块1121上,防止与支架10脱离,以便于盛装液体。
请同时参阅图6,当液体容器100处于使用状态时,软体囊20位于支架10内,用于盛装液体。当使用完毕时,取出软体囊20,因为软体囊20由柔性材料制成,因此,软体囊20可以被折叠起来,然后,拆卸固定件124,滑动滑套123,使得第一框体111叠置与第二框体112上,使得支架10收起,以减少支架10所占据的空间,以便于搬运和运输,降低运输成本。也可以不去除软体囊20,直接拆卸固定件124,滑动滑套123,使得第一框体111叠置与第二框体112上,使得整个液体容器100收起,以减少占用空间,便于搬运和运输,降低运输成本。
在本实施方式中,四边形的第一框体111和第二框体112之间设置有两个支撑件12,在其他实施方式中,支撑件12的数目可以设置为一个、三个或者四个。
压裂是根据地层的应力方向,用50Mpa以上的超高压通过特制的压裂液作用在岩层上,使地层破裂并产生许多缝隙,同时将支撑剂挤入缝隙中,为页岩气的流动建立通道。裂缝延伸度可根据地层状态加以控制,最长可超过100米。支撑剂中砂的作用是为了防止压裂车的压力释放后裂缝重新闭合、再次阻塞气体流动。地层裂缝连成网状或树枝状,可增加页岩气的产量。
水力喷砂射孔是用12Mpa的高压,将带有砂粒的水,以每秒190米的速度从特制的喷嘴里射出。在流体中加入细砂,是为了加快射孔速度,15分钟左右即可射穿套管并将岩层射出孔洞,为下一步压裂作业提供条件。
本步骤中,用于进行压裂的电动设备、如压裂车、连接管排管装置等设备,通过与柴油发电机5连接、或外接工业用电的方式作为电源,用以完成作业、直至首个页岩气井具备产气条件。
本步骤中,压裂所需的设备包括地面设备和压裂车两部分组成。
其中,地面设备主要有封井器、井口球阀、投球器、活动弯头、油壬、蜡球管汇、压裂管汇等,为井口以上地面控制类工具,此部分地面设备通常为无需接电的、用以将压裂车泵出的液体汇集注入压裂井的目的层的设备;
压裂车的作用是向井内注入高压、大排量的压裂液,将地层压开,把支撑剂挤入裂缝,属于作业过程中,需要外接电源的设备。
步骤c、导出页岩气;
可在各井位1上用替喷或气举的方法,将井内气体导出并进行气液分离,气液分离后得到气态页岩气;
首先进行洗井,并下通过连接管排管装置将连接管入井,用替喷或气举方法将井内的气体顶出,页岩气就会通过连接管流向井口,汇集入气管,通过分离器2将气体和液体水分开,气体进入集气站3,液体水进入各个井场的污水池4,再从污水池4汇流至污水处理站进行污水处理。
本步骤中,用于将井内气体导出的电动设备等,通过与柴油发电机5连接、或外接工业用电的方式作为电源,用以完成气举或替喷作业,直至首个页岩气井具备产气条件。
当首个页岩气井具备产气条件以后,进行步骤d。
此步骤中,当首个井位1具备导出页岩气的条件时,可将其导出后,直接利用气液分离装置进行气液分离;
当有若干个井位1具备导出页岩气的条件时,为了节约成本,可将各井位1导出的全部或部分页岩气,导出至同一气液分离站进行集中处理。
步骤d、将能够供给页岩气的井所输出的全部页岩气、或至少部分页岩气供给燃气发电机6进行发电,并将所发出的电能输出至页岩气作业所使用的设备、或至少部分页岩气作业所使用的设备中。
当首个页岩气井完成作业,并能够供给页岩气时,将该井所供给的全部、或部分页岩气导出至集气站3以后,供给燃气发电机6进行发电,将燃气发电机6所发出的电能输出至页岩气作业所使用的设备、或至少部分页岩气作业所使用的设备中,进而替换前序作业中采用的柴油发电机5、或外界工业用电的方式,从而实现以气打气,气电结合的方式,进行连续作业生产,从而避免了仅靠工业用电、或依靠柴油发电生产过程中,能源消耗大、施工成本高的不足。
步骤d中,所述页岩气作业使用的设备为作业过程中,需要外接电源的设备。
页岩气作业所使用的设备主要包括用以钻井的第一钻机、第二钻机、及用以压裂作业的电动压裂设备,将产出的页岩气输至燃气发电机6、并发电驱动上述设备时,节能效果尤为明显。
实施例2
在本实施例中,用于压裂作业的液体容器200与实施例1有所不同;
请参阅图7,该图是用于压裂作业的液体容器200的第二较佳实施方式的立体图。
液体容器200亦包括支架22、设置于支架22内用于盛装液体的软体囊24和设置于支架22和软体囊24之间的柔性网23。
请同时参阅图8和图9,支架22包括四个框体221和六个支撑件223。四个框体221的结构和形状均与液体容器100的第一框体111和第二框体112的形状和结构相同,均为四边形。四个框体221间隔设置,且其框边一一对应。
支撑件223用于连接两相邻框体221上相对应的框边,且每两相邻框体221之间设置有两个支撑件223。每个支撑件223亦包括第一连杆2231、第二连杆2232和滑套2233。第一连杆2231、第二连杆2232、滑套2233的结构和位置关系与第一较佳实施方式中支撑件12上的第一连杆121、第二连杆122、滑套123的结构和位置关系相同。第一连杆2231、第二连杆2232、滑套2233和五个框体221之间的位置关系与第一较佳实施方式中支撑件12上的第一连杆121、第二连杆122、滑套123和第一框体111、第二框体112之间的位置关系相同。同时连接于框体221同一框边上的第一连杆2231和第二连杆2232固定于同一滑套2233上。
六个支撑件223中的其中一个支撑件还包括动力元件2234,动力元件2234用于推动滑套2233相对于框体221的框边滑动,使得支架22展开。在本实施方式中,动力元件2234的一端固定于最下方框体221的框边上,另一端固定于该框边上的滑套2233上,用以带动滑套2233相对于该框边滑动,使得支架22处于折叠状态或者展开状态,以便于搬运或者运输。在本实施方式中,动力元件2234为一液缸,在其他实施方式中,动力元件可为一气缸。
柔性网23为柔性材料支撑,可为尼龙网等。柔性网23设置于支架22和软体囊24之间,防止软体囊24从多个框体221之间胀出而破裂。
在本实施方式中,框体221的数目为四个,在其他实施方式中,框体221的数目可以根据需要而设置,同时支撑件223的数目也随着框体221的数目而改变。
本实施例中,其余页岩气作业方法、及用于压裂作业的液体容器200的其他结构等,请参阅实施例1。
实施例3
在本实施例中,用于压裂作业的液体容器200与实施例1有所不同;
请参阅图10,该图是本发明中用于压裂作业的液体容器200的第三较佳实施方式的立体图。液体容器300亦包括支架31和设置于支架31内用于盛装液体的软体囊32。
请同时参阅图11和图12,支架31包括三个框体311和六个支撑件312。与第二较佳实施方式液体容器200中的框体221不同,该三个框体311均为六边形。三个框体311间隔设置,且其框边一一对应。
支撑件312用于连接两相邻框体311上相对应的框边,且每两相邻框体312之间间隔设置有三个支撑件312。每个支撑件312的结构以及与框体311之间的位置关系与第二较佳实施方式液体容器200的每个支撑件223的结构以及与框体221之间的位置关系相同。通过调整支撑件312相对于框体311的框边滑动,从而使得支架311处于折叠状态或者展开状态,以便于搬运或者运输。
在本实施方式中,框体311的数目为三个,在其他实施方式中,框体311的数目可以根据需要而设置,同时支撑件312的数目也随着框体311的数目而改变。
本实施例中,其余页岩气作业方法、及用于压裂作业的液体容器200的其余结构等,请参阅实施例2。
实施例4
在本实施例中,用于压裂作业的液体容器200与实施例1有所不同;
请参阅图13,该图是本发明中用于压裂作业的液体容器200第四较佳实施方式的立体图。
在第四较佳实施方式中,液体容器400亦包括支架41和设置于支架41内用于盛装液体的软体囊42。
支架41由三个第二实施方式中的液体容器200构成,液体容器200的五个框体221排列在纵向方向上,三个液体容器并列排列在横向方向上形成了液体容器400,也就是说,液体容器400的横向方向上排列有三个框体221,且三个框体221一体成型。
作为本发明中用于压裂作业的液体容器200,在其他实施方式中,液体容器400可以由两个、四个、五个等多个第二实施方式中的液体容器200构成,当然也可以由多个第一实施方式中的液体容器100和第二实施方式中的液体容器300构成。
本实施例中,其余页岩气作业方法、及用于压裂作业的液体容器200的其余结构等,请参阅实施例3。
实施例5
在本实施例中,用于压裂作业的液体容器200与实施例1有所不同;
如,请参阅图14、图15和图16,液体容器600包括两个第四较佳实施方式液体容器400和用于将两个液体容器400连接固定的连接件61。连接件61大致为U型,其两端各开设有供螺钉62穿过的螺孔611,两个液体容器400的相邻的两框边卡设于连接件61内,螺钉62用于分别将连接件61的两端固定于两个液体容器400上。
请参阅图17、图18和图19,液体容器500包括支架51和设置于支架51内用于盛装液体的软体囊52。支架51包括六个框体511和二十个支撑件512。
六个框体511间隔设置,且其框边一一对应。支撑件512用于连接两相邻框体511上相对应的框边。每两个框体511之间设置有四个支撑件512。在本实施方式中,其中一个连杆513与框体511的框边之间的连接并非采用滑套的形式连接,而是在框体511的框边上设置有滑槽514,连杆513的一端滑动地设置于滑槽514内,并固定于动力元件515上。在本实施方式中,仅设置有一个滑槽514,在其他实施方式中,滑槽514的数目可以根据需要设置。
液体容器500的动力元件515能够带动连杆513相对于框体511滑动,从而使得液体容器500能够处于打开状态或者折叠状态,以便于搬运或者运输。
请参阅图20、图21和图22,液体容器700包括支架71和设置于支架71内用于盛装液体的软体囊72。支架71包括九个框体711和三十二个支撑件712。
九个框体711间隔设置,且其框边一一对应。支撑件712用于连接两相邻框体711上相对应的框边。每两个框体711之间设置有四个支撑件712。在本实施方式中,其中第一连杆713和第二连杆714与框体711的框边之间的连接并非采用滑套的形式连接,而是在框体711的框边上设置有滑槽717,第一连杆713和第二连杆714的一端分别枢接于滚轮716上,并通过滚轮716滚动地设置于滑槽714内,且第一连杆713固定于动力元件715上。动力元件715能够带动连杆713相对于框体711滑动,从而使得液体容器700能够处于打开状态或者折叠状态,以便于搬运或者运输。
本实施例中,其余页岩气作业方法、及用于压裂作业的液体容器200的其余结构等,请参阅实施例4。
实施例6
在本实施例中,用于压裂作业的液体容器200与实施例1有所不同;
请参阅图21至图33所示,本实施例中用于压裂作业的液体容器200包括底座80、支架10、四个柔性网23和四个软体囊24,其中,底座80设置在框体111底部。
具体的,请参阅图23至图230所示,底座80上沿竖直方向开设有四个圆筒状的收纳腔90,收纳腔90为刚性的容置腔,收纳腔90内部用以存储软体囊24,所述软体囊24设置在收纳腔90内,软体囊24的顶部设置有开口,所述软体囊24顶部的开口的边缘套装于收纳腔90的顶部。在软体囊24的顶部设置有压环50,压环50将软体囊24的开口压接在框体111上,并可将柔性网23的顶部边缘固定在支架10上。底座80上还设置有水管70,水管70与设于收纳腔90内的软体囊24连通,软体囊24上设置有相应的进水口,并与水管70连通。在水管70上还设置有液位检测装置,用以检测软体囊24内液体的高度。为了引导如沙体等流体的汇集,收纳腔90底部呈锥形,呈漏斗状。
柔性网23的形状与支架10内壁形状相适配,柔性网23和支架10的内部均为筒状,柔性网23的外表面套设有弹性带60,弹性件将柔性网23压缩在支架10内部,当柔性网23折叠时,将柔性网23沿径向收拢在支架10内部,避免在收紧时支架10夹住柔性网23。软体囊24设置在柔性网23内,可减小软体囊24对支架10的作用力,从而减小支架10的形变,提高使用寿命和安全性。
请参阅图25和图26,支架10包括至少两个框体111和支撑件12,在支撑件12与框体111间设置有锁紧装置21,锁紧装置21将支撑件12限位在框体111上,用以当支架10处于展开状态时,将支撑件12限位。
请参阅图27,所示为锁紧装置21的一种实施方式的示意图,锁紧装置21包括卡位柱211和与卡位柱211连接的拉杆212,卡位柱211通过转轴与框体111铰接,通过调整卡位柱211的位置,可使卡位柱211位于支撑件12相对于框体111框边的滑动路径上,并通过卡位柱211将支撑件12限位,从而提供使支撑件12保持展开状态的支撑力。
当支撑件12与框体111间采用滑套123的方式滑动连接时,卡位柱211的活动端可旋转至滑套123的滑动行程范围内;此时,为了使支撑件12保持展开状态,将卡位柱211转动至滑套123的滑动行程范围内后,卡位柱211的一端压在滑套123上,卡位柱211的另一端连接在销轴上,从而实现卡式连接并限制支撑件12与框体111框边的相对运动,从而对支撑件12与框体111框边的限位锁定,当框体111放下时,可将卡位柱211转动至不与滑套123相干涉处,实现解锁。
当支撑件12与框体111间采用滑槽514的方式滑动连接时,卡位柱211的活动端可旋转至支撑件12在滑槽514上的滑动行程内,即转轴和滑槽514的最小间距之和小于卡位柱211的长度,此时,为了使支撑件12保持展开状态,将卡位柱211转动至滑槽514的滑动行程范围内后,卡位柱211的两端分别与支撑架的活动端及销轴卡接,限制支撑件12与框体111框边的相对运动,实现支撑件12与框体111框边的限位锁定,将卡位柱211转动至不与支撑件12活动端相干涉处时,可实现解锁。在卡位柱211上连接有拉杆212,通过拉杆212带动卡位柱211实现限位锁定及解锁。
请参阅图31、图32和图33,液体容器的数量为两个,液体容器沿竖向方向排列而成,液体容器之间通过第二连接件62螺纹连接。
液体储存于上述液体容器中,当液体容器需要运输时,可将软体罐和支架分别折叠,这样减小了液体容器所占用的空间,便于搬运和运输。
本实施例中,其余页岩气作业方法、及用于压裂作业的液体容器200等,请参阅实施例5。
实施例7
请参阅图1、图2。
本实施例中,页岩气作业方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤a、在各井位1上分别钻井;具体步骤如下:
步骤a1、在首个井位1,用第一钻机钻出直井,并固井;完成该井位1的直井作业以后,移动第一钻机、进行下一井位1的直井作业;
步骤a2、利用第一钻机,对步骤a1中钻出的直井井眼进行造斜钻进,完成水平井作业,并固井;完成该直井井眼的水平井作业后,移动所述第一钻机、进行下一直井井眼的水平井作业。
步骤b、在各井位1上进行压裂;具体包括以下步骤:
步骤b1、将压裂车与水力喷砂射孔装置连接,并将水力喷砂射孔的工具入井定位;
水力喷砂射孔是用12Mpa的高压,将带有砂粒的水,以每秒190米的速度从特制的喷嘴里射出。在流体中加入细砂,是为了加快射孔速度,15分钟左右即可射穿套管并将岩层射出孔洞,为下一步压裂作业提供条件。
步骤b2、以100m的间距,进行分段水力喷砂射孔;
分段水力喷砂射孔过程中,在各段之间搭建砂桥,起到封隔前面已压井段作用,并因考虑在水平井中,每段的压力是一样的,因此,需在每段环空加砂压裂之前,向前一段加入一定量的抗压液,以增加前一段砂柱的黏度,从而避免后一段加砂压裂时对前一段产生影响。
步骤b3、环空加砂压裂;
压裂是巧妙地根据地层的应力方向,用50Mpa以上的超高压通过压裂液作用在岩层上,使地层破裂并产生许多缝隙,同时将支撑剂挤入缝隙中,为页岩气的流动建立通道。裂缝延伸度可根据地层状态加以控制,最长可超过100米。支撑剂中砂的作用是为了防止压裂车的压力释放后裂缝重新闭合、再次阻塞气体流动。地层裂缝连成网状或树枝状,可增加页岩气的产量。
步骤b4、重复进行步骤b2和b3,直至完成各分段压裂。
当各段全部压裂完成后,需要将井筒中的砂粒全部冲出。因此,在全部压裂完成以后,通过反循环冲砂、洗井的方法,将井筒内的沙粒移至地面。
步骤c、打气;即在各个具备产气条件的井位1上,用替喷或气举的方法,将井内液体导出并进行气液分离,气液分离后得到气态的页岩气;
当井内液体导出并进行气液分离之后,将气液分离后得到的污水泵入至污水收集池内,进行污水处理。
步骤d、将能够供给页岩气的井所输出的全部页岩气、或至少部分页岩气供给燃气发电机6进行发电,并将所发出的电能输出至页岩气作业所使用的设备、或至少部分页岩气作业所使用的设备中
步骤d中,所述页岩气作业使用的设备为作业过程中,需要外接电源的设备。
需要说明的是,本实施例中,用于压裂作业的液体,采用实施例1至6中任一所述的液体容器进行储存、转运。
实施例8
请参阅图1、图2。
本实施例中,页岩气作业方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤a、在各井位1上分别钻井;
首先打直井;首先在第一个井位1用自行走30DBS液压超级单根钻机作为第一钻机进行钻孔,穿过含水或复杂层位,下入表层套管,并固井。
待第一个井位1的直井钻完后,将自行走30DBS液压超级单根钻机移动4至5米,在下一井位1重复上述作业,并逐渐完成所有直井段的井位1钻井。
采用超级单根钻机作为第一钻机具有占地面积小,移运方便,安装快捷,自动化程度高的有益效果。
再打水平井;
在前序过程中已钻出的直井井眼,采用50DBS钻机作为第二钻机继续进行步进式钻进。钻出套管30米后,用动力钻具,带上MWD随钻测量仪,进行造斜钻进,靶区位于龙马溪组的中部,到达着陆点后水平钻进。
水平段长度约2千米。这时,井场上既有打直井的第一钻机也有打水平井的第二钻机在同时作业。水平段钻完后,下入产层套管,并采用泡沫等低密度水泥固井。
步骤b、在各井位1上进行压裂;
当首个水平井固井完成以后,采用连接管进行水力喷砂射孔和环空加砂压裂;
压裂的具体步骤如下:
步骤b1、将压裂车与水力喷砂射孔装置连接,水力喷砂射孔所需工具如注入头等工具安装在连接管上,并通过连接管排管装置将水力喷砂射孔的工具入井定位;
步骤b2、以150m的间距,进行分段水力喷砂射孔;
步骤b3、以150m的间距,环空加砂压裂;
步骤b4、重复进行步骤b2和b3,直至完成各分段压裂。
分段压裂的过程中,会在各段之间搭建砂桥,起到封隔前面已压井段作用。
当各段全部压裂完成后,采用反复循环冲砂的方法,将该井筒中的砂粒全部冲出。
步骤c、打气;
洗井后,通过连接管排管装置下入连接管,用替喷或气举方法将井内的液体顶出,页岩气就会通过连接管流向井口,汇集入气管,通过分离器2将气体和液体水分开,气体进入集气站3;液体水进入各个井场的污水池4,再从污水池4流到污水处理站。
步骤d、将能够供给页岩气的井所输出的全部页岩气、或至少部分页岩气供给燃气发电机6进行发电,并将所发出的电能输出至页岩气作业所使用的设备、或至少部分页岩气作业所使用的设备中。
其中,页岩气作业所使用的设备为作业过程中,需要外接电源的设备。可以是电动钻机、压裂车等,也可以包括用于页岩气作业的其它需要消耗电能的设备。
当部分气井具备生产条件后,用燃气发电机6代替柴油发电机5,利用自产的页岩气发电,为电动钻机、压裂车等设备继续作业提供动力,既降低了钻、完井成本,又减少了污染物的排放。
需要说明的是,本实施例中,用于压裂作业的液体,采用实施例1至6中任一所述的液体容器进行储存、转运。
需要说明的是,本实施例中,用于压裂作业的液体,采用实施例1至6中任一所述的液体容器进行储存、转运。
本实施例中,页岩气作业方法的具体步骤、及用于压裂作业的液体容器200的具体结构等,请参阅实施例1。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例做了详细描述,但是本发明并不限于上述实施例,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内还可以作出各种变化,这些变化均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种页岩气作业方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    a、钻井;
    b、压裂;
    c、导出页岩气;
    d、将能够供给页岩气的井所输出的全部页岩气、或至少部分页岩气供给燃气发电机进行发电,并将所发出的电能输出至页岩气作业所使用的设备、或至少部分页岩气作业所使用的设备中。
  2. 据权利要求1所述的页岩气作业方法,其特征在于:所述页岩气作业使用的设备为作业过程中需要外接电源的设备。
  3. 据权利要求2所述的页岩气作业方法,其特征在于:
    所述页岩气作业使用的设备包括第一钻机和第二钻机;
    所述步骤a中,具体包括以下步骤:
    a1、在首个井位,用电动第一钻机钻出直井,并固井;完成该井位的直井作业以后,移动电动第一钻机、进行下一井位的直井作业;
    a2、利用电动第二钻机,对步骤a1中钻出的直井井眼进行造斜钻进,完成水平井作业,并固井;完成该直井井眼的水平井作业后,移动所述电动第二钻机、进行下一直井井眼的水平井作业。
  4. 据权利要求2所述的页岩气作业方法,其特征在于:
    所述页岩气作业使用的设备还包括压裂车;
    所述步骤b中,具体包括以下步骤:
    b1、将压裂车与水力喷砂射孔装置连接,并将水力喷砂射孔的工具入井定位;
    b2、以100m~150m的间距,进行分段水力喷砂射孔;
    b3、环空加砂压裂;
    b4、重复进行步骤b2和b3,直至完成各分段压裂。
  5. 据权利要求4所述的页岩气作业方法,其特征在于:所述步骤b4之后,进行冲砂、洗井,将井筒内的沙粒移至地面。
  6. 据权利要求4所述的页岩气作业方法,其特征在于:所述步骤c中,用替喷或气举的方法将井内气体导出,并进行气液分离,气液分离后得到气态的页岩气和液态的污水;
    将气液分离后得到的污水送入至污水收集池内,进行污水处理;
    将气液分离后得到的全部或部分页岩气送入至所述步骤d的燃气发电机中进行发电。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的页岩气作业方法,其特征在于:还包括液体容器,所述步骤c中,用于压裂作业的压裂液储存于所述液体容器中,所述液体容器包括可折叠的中空的支架和设置于支架内用于盛装液体的软体囊,所述支架包括至少两个框体和支撑件,所述支撑件枢接于所述两框体。
  8. 据权利要求7所述的页岩气作业方法,其特征在于:所述液体容器还包括锁紧装置;所述锁紧装置设置在所述支撑件与所述框体间,所述锁紧装置将所述支撑件限位在所述框体上;
    所述锁紧装置包括转轴和卡位柱;所述转轴设置在所述框体的下部,所述卡位柱通过所述转轴与所述框体铰接,所述卡位柱的活动端可旋转至所述滑套的滑动行程范围内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的页岩气作业方法,其特征在于:所述液体容器还包括设置于支架和软体囊之间的柔性网,所述柔性网的形状与所述支架的内壁形状相适配;
    所述液体容器还包括弹性件,所述弹性件设置于所述柔性网,所述弹性件将所述柔性网压缩在所述支架的内部;
    所述弹性件为弹性带状物。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的页岩气作业方法,其特征在于:所述液体容器还包括底座和收纳腔,所述底座设置于所述框体的底部,所述收纳腔设置于所述底座上,所述软体囊设置于所述收纳腔内;
    所述软体囊的顶部设置有开口,所述软体囊顶部的开口的边缘套装于所述收纳腔顶部;
    所述收纳腔底部呈锥形;
    所述液体容器还包括压环,所述压环设置于所述软体囊的顶部,所述压环将所述软体囊的开口压接在所述框体上。
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