WO2013117230A1 - Injecteur d'agent de réduction - Google Patents

Injecteur d'agent de réduction Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013117230A1
WO2013117230A1 PCT/EP2012/052242 EP2012052242W WO2013117230A1 WO 2013117230 A1 WO2013117230 A1 WO 2013117230A1 EP 2012052242 W EP2012052242 W EP 2012052242W WO 2013117230 A1 WO2013117230 A1 WO 2013117230A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
injector
internal combustion
combustion engine
exhaust pipe
exhaust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/052242
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Aymeric RATEAU
Original Assignee
Toyota Motor Europe Nv/Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Europe Nv/Sa filed Critical Toyota Motor Europe Nv/Sa
Priority to PCT/EP2012/052242 priority Critical patent/WO2013117230A1/fr
Publication of WO2013117230A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013117230A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to an injector for injecting a NO x reduction agent upstream of a NO x reduction catalyst in an exhaust pipe.
  • BACKGROUND Combustion of various fuels using air as fuel oxidizer can emit various polluting side-products.
  • air oxygen may react with air nitrogen to produce various nitrogen oxides, generically known as NO x .
  • NO x nitrogen oxides
  • high combustion temperatures are generally advantageous to improve the energy efficiency of thermodynamic cycles, in particular in internal combustion engines, the resulting emissions of NO x in exhaust fumes have generally negative effects.
  • exhaust NO x can react with atmospheric moisture to produce nitric acid, which can then precipitate as acid rain. Its photochemistry also promotes the generation of ozone in the lower atmospheric layers, where it is usually harmful, and its destruction in the upper atmospheric layers, where ozone filters harmful ultraviolet radiation.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • a catalyst promotes the reduction of NO x by a gaseous reduction agent, such as ammonia or urea, to produce nitrogen and water.
  • a gaseous reduction agent such as ammonia or urea
  • a first object of the disclosure is that of providing a compact and robust injector capable nevertheless of ensuring a thorough mixing of the injected reducing agent with the exhaust fumes within a short length of the exhaust pipes.
  • such an injector for injecting a NO x reduction agent upstream of a NO x reduction catalyst in an exhaust pipe comprises at least one bent duct with a plurality of outlet orifices distributed over its length.
  • this injector with the bent tube installed transversally to the exhaust pipe, can distribute the reducing agent across the cross-section of the exhaust pipe, thus facilitating, within a short length of the exhaust pipe, a thorough mixing of the reducing agent with the flow of exhaust fumes through the exhaust pipe.
  • said bent duct may be a serpentine duct with successive bends in alternate directions.
  • said bends may be adapted to be fixed to an inner surface of the exhaust pipe, for example by welding, brazing or soldering.
  • Such a serpentine shape can further enhance the distribution of the NO x reduction agent across the exhaust flow.
  • the attachment of the bends to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe reinforces the injector against vibrations such as those produced by an internal combustion engine.
  • said bent duct may be bent in a different shape, such as that of a spiral duct, which also allow a distribution of the outlet orifices across the cross-section of the exhaust pipe.
  • said outlet orifices may be substantially oriented in a downstream direction of the exhaust pipe segment.
  • the orientation of the outlet orifices may not diverge from the downstream direction by more than 15°, and preferably may not diverge by more than 5°. With this orientation, clogging of the outlet orifices by soot and other particles carried by the exhaust fumes can be substantially avoided.
  • aid outlet orifices may have a plurality of different diameters, in order to optimize the distribution of the ⁇ reduction agent across the exhaust flow.
  • said reduction agent may comprise gaseous ammonia, which disperses easily in the exhaust fumes and effectively reduces NO x in the subsequent selective catalytic reduction without leaving substantial side-products.
  • Another object of the disclosure is that of providing a robust, compact and efficient internal combustion engine exhaust treatment unit comprising at least an exhaust pipe with a NO x reduction catalyst.
  • said internal combustion engine exhaust treatment unit may further comprise the abovementioned injector upstream of said NO x reduction catalyst.
  • exhaust fumes may also include additional pollutants.
  • said internal combustion engine exhaust treatment unit may comprise a combined selective catalytic reduction and particle filter unit including said NO x reduction catalyst.
  • SCR-PF selective catalytic reduction and particle filter
  • exhaust fumes may also include additional pollutants resulting from an incomplete combustion, such as carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons. Consequently, according to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, said internal combustion engine exhaust treatment unit may further comprise an oxidation catalyst located within the exhaust pipe, upstream of said injector, in order to prevent or at least reduce the emissions of such additional pollutants. Since at least part of the soot and other fine particles may also be burnt in this oxidation catalyst, its upstream location has also the advantage of reducing the risk of clogging of the outlet orifices of said injector by fine particles carried by the exhaust fumes.
  • the present disclosure also relates to an internal combustion engine comprising the abovementioned internal combustion engine exhaust treatment unit.
  • said internal combustion engine may be a Diesel engine.
  • it may alternatively be any other sort of internal combustion engine, such as, for example, an Otto engine.
  • said internal combustion engine may further comprise a turbocharger with a turbine located upstream of said internal combustion engine exhaust treatment unit.
  • the upstream location of the turbine prevents pressure losses at the turbine inlet.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an internal combustion engine and exhaust treatment unit according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a back view of a reduction agent injector of the exhaust treatment unit of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a detail cut view of a duct of the injector of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C are back views of reduction agent injectors according to several alternative embodiments.
  • Engine 1 Internal combustion engine 1, which will henceforth be referred to as “engine 1”, is a Diesel engine comprising at least one combustion chamber 2 defined by a piston 3, a cylinder 4 and a cylinder head 5.
  • Engine 1 also includes a fuel injector 6 for injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber 2, an inlet 7 and an outlet 8 in the cylinder head 5, as well as inlet and outlet valves 9, 10 for opening and closing said inlet 7 and outlet 8.
  • the fuel injector 6 is connected to a fuel supply system (not illustrated).
  • An airflow sensor 11 is integrated in the inlet 7.
  • air enters in the combustion chamber 2 through the inlet 7 is mixed within the combustion chamber 2 with fuel injected into the combustion chamber 2 by the fuel injector 6, and the resulting air/fuel mixture is ignited within the combustion chamber 2 by the compression heat during a compression stroke of the piston 3.
  • the combustion of the air/fuel mixture drives an expansion stroke of the piston 3 and the resulting combustion gases leave the combustion chamber 2 as exhaust fumes through the outlet 8.
  • the engine 1 also comprises a turbocharger 12 including a compressor 12a located upstream of the inlet 7 and a turbine 12b located downstream of the outlet 8. Said compressor 12a and turbine 12b are coupled by a common shaft 12c, so that the expansion of exhaust fumes in the turbine 12b drives the compression on inlet air in the compressor 12a. By increasing the inlet pressure in the combustion chamber 2, the turbocharger 12 can increase the power output and efficiency of the engine 1.
  • the engine 1 further comprises, downstream of the turbine 12a, an exhaust treatment unit 13 comprising an exhaust pipe 14 and, within that exhaust pipe 14, an oxidation catalyst 15, a reduction agent injector 16 and a combined selective catalytic reduction and particle filter unit 17, henceforth referred to as "SCR-PF 17".
  • the exhaust pipe 14 ends in a silencer 18.
  • the exhaust treatment unit 13 also comprises a NOx sensor 19, an exhaust pressure sensor 20 and an exhaust temperature sensor 21 located between the turbine 12b and the oxidation catalyst 15, as well as a reduction agent concentration sensor 22 located downstream of the SCR-PF 17.
  • the reduction agent injector 16 is connected to a reduction agent supply device 23, such as that described in detail in French patent application publication FR 2 816 986, that can supply the reduction agent injector 16 with gaseous ammonia as a reduction agent.
  • Sensors 11, 19, 20 and 21 are connected to an engine electronic control unit 24, henceforth referred to as ECU 24, which is also connected to the fuel injector 6 and reduction agent supply device 23, as well as to command input devices such as a throttle pedal (not illustrated) in order to command operation of the engine 1 and exhaust treatment unit 13 in response to user commands and operation parameters.
  • ECU 24 engine electronic control unit 24, henceforth referred to as ECU 24, which is also connected to the fuel injector 6 and reduction agent supply device 23, as well as to command input devices such as a throttle pedal (not illustrated) in order to command operation of the engine 1 and exhaust treatment unit 13 in response to user commands and operation parameters.
  • the reduction agent injector 16 is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3. It comprises a serpentine duct: 25 presenting successive bends 26 in alternate directions.
  • the serpentine duct 25 is oriented transversally to the exhaust pipe 14 and said bends 26 are brazed to an inner surface 27 of the exhaust pipe segment 24 so as to rigidly support the serpentine duct 25 in the exhaust pipe segment 24.
  • the serpentine duct 25 traverses the wall of the exhaust pipe segment 24 and is open so as to form a reduction agent inlet connectable to the reduction agent supply device 23.
  • the opposite end 29 of the serpentine duct 25 is closed.
  • the reduction agent injector 16 presents a plurality of outlet orifices 30 distributed over the whole cross-section of the exhaust pipe segment 24. As illustrated in FIG. 3, these outlet orifices 30, oriented in the downstream direction, ensure the injection of the reduction agent in the exhaust: flow. Since the outlet orifices 30 are distributed transversally in the exhaust pipe segment 24, this injection can ensure a thorough mixing of the reduction agent and the exhaust fumes within a very short distance in the downstream direction before reaching the SCR-PF 17, without an additional gas mixer. In order to optimise the distribution of reduction agent in the exhaust flow, the diameter of each outlet orifice 30 may be different. The pitch between individual outlet orifices 30 may also be adapted to that purpose.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C Alternative embodiments of the reduction agent injector 16 are illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4C.
  • the bent duct 25' is a spiral duct.
  • the multiple coils of this spiral duct 25' are brazed to a crossbar 50 whose two opposite ends 50a, 50b are in turn brazed to the inner surface 27 of the exhaust pipe segment 24.
  • the bent duct 25" has three successive bends 26" in the same direction, giving it a triangular shape. As in the first embodiment, these bends 26" are brazed to the inner surface 27 of the exhaust pipe segment 24.
  • the reduction agent injector 16 may also comprise more than one such bent duct.
  • the reduction agent injector 16 comprises two serpentine ducts 25, arranged closely behind each other in the flow direction within the exhaust pipe segment 24.
  • the bends 26 of each serpentine duct 25 are brazed to an inner surface 27 of the exhaust pipe segment 24.
  • the bent duct or ducts also present a plurality of outlet orifices 30 distributed over the whole cross-section of the exhaust pipe segment 24 and oriented in the downstream direction.
  • the exhaust fumes exiting the turbine 12b enter the exhaust treatment unit 13, where they reach the oxidation catalyst 15.
  • the oxidation catalyst 15 such products of partial combustion of the fuel/air mixture in the combustion chamber 2 as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and some solid particles are further oxidized by the remaining oxygen.
  • the partially depolluted exhaust fumes then reach reduction agent injector 16 where they are mixed with the gaseous reduction agent supplied by the reduction agent supply device 23, commanded by the ECU 24, through said reduction agent injector 16.
  • the mixture of exhaust fumes and gaseous reduction agent flows to the SCR-PF 17, where the NO x reduction catalyst accelerates the reaction between the reduction agent and the NO x in the exhaust fumes, and at least part of the remaining soot and fine particles are blocked and eventually burned.
  • the exhaust fumes thus exiting the exhaust treatment unit 13 behind the SCR-PF 17 are substantially depolluted.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un injecteur (16) permettant d'injecter un agent de réduction de NOx en amont d'un catalyseur de réduction de NOx dans un tuyau d'échappement (14). L'injecteur (16) comprend un segment de tuyau d'échappement (24) et un tuyau coudé (25) avec une pluralité d'orifices de sortie (30).
PCT/EP2012/052242 2012-02-09 2012-02-09 Injecteur d'agent de réduction WO2013117230A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/052242 WO2013117230A1 (fr) 2012-02-09 2012-02-09 Injecteur d'agent de réduction

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2012/052242 WO2013117230A1 (fr) 2012-02-09 2012-02-09 Injecteur d'agent de réduction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013117230A1 true WO2013117230A1 (fr) 2013-08-15

Family

ID=45755310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2012/052242 WO2013117230A1 (fr) 2012-02-09 2012-02-09 Injecteur d'agent de réduction

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2013117230A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170120193A1 (en) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and systems for a mixer
US10794252B1 (en) 2019-04-18 2020-10-06 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Direct spray exhaust mixer system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2816986A1 (fr) 2000-11-20 2002-05-24 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Dispositif d'alimentation en agent de reduction pour un moteur a combustion interne
US6887435B1 (en) 2000-06-23 2005-05-03 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Integrated air foil and ammonia injection grid for SCR systems
US6905658B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2005-06-14 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Channelized SCR inlet for improved ammonia injection and efficient NOx control
US20080141662A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Markus Schuster Fluid injecting and mixing systems for exhaust after-treatment devices
EP1975381A1 (fr) * 2006-01-06 2008-10-01 MITSUI ENGINEERING & SHIPBUILDING CO., LTD Procede de denitrification de gaz d'echappement et appareil correspondant
DE102008043726A1 (de) 2007-11-16 2009-05-20 Denso Corp., Kariya-shi Abgasreinigungssystem
WO2011000685A1 (fr) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-06 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Dispositif pour le nettoyage de gaz d'échappement contenant des nox
EP2348204A1 (fr) * 2010-01-22 2011-07-27 Peugeot Citroën Automobiles SA Dispositif d'injection de gaz et ligne d'échappement comprenant un tel dispositif

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6887435B1 (en) 2000-06-23 2005-05-03 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Integrated air foil and ammonia injection grid for SCR systems
FR2816986A1 (fr) 2000-11-20 2002-05-24 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Dispositif d'alimentation en agent de reduction pour un moteur a combustion interne
US6905658B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2005-06-14 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Channelized SCR inlet for improved ammonia injection and efficient NOx control
EP1975381A1 (fr) * 2006-01-06 2008-10-01 MITSUI ENGINEERING & SHIPBUILDING CO., LTD Procede de denitrification de gaz d'echappement et appareil correspondant
US20080141662A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Markus Schuster Fluid injecting and mixing systems for exhaust after-treatment devices
DE102008043726A1 (de) 2007-11-16 2009-05-20 Denso Corp., Kariya-shi Abgasreinigungssystem
WO2011000685A1 (fr) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-06 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Dispositif pour le nettoyage de gaz d'échappement contenant des nox
EP2348204A1 (fr) * 2010-01-22 2011-07-27 Peugeot Citroën Automobiles SA Dispositif d'injection de gaz et ligne d'échappement comprenant un tel dispositif

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170120193A1 (en) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and systems for a mixer
CN106640289A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-10 福特环球技术公司 用于混合器的方法和系统
US10040028B2 (en) * 2015-11-04 2018-08-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and systems for a mixer
RU2698582C2 (ru) * 2015-11-04 2019-08-28 Форд Глобал Текнолоджиз, Ллк Смеситель отработавших газов (варианты) и система для смесителя отработавших газов
CN106640289B (zh) * 2015-11-04 2021-01-01 福特环球技术公司 用于混合器的方法和系统
US10794252B1 (en) 2019-04-18 2020-10-06 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Direct spray exhaust mixer system

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