WO2013113846A1 - Convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane à motifs polyester et/ou polycarbonate - Google Patents
Convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane à motifs polyester et/ou polycarbonate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013113846A1 WO2013113846A1 PCT/EP2013/051956 EP2013051956W WO2013113846A1 WO 2013113846 A1 WO2013113846 A1 WO 2013113846A1 EP 2013051956 W EP2013051956 W EP 2013051956W WO 2013113846 A1 WO2013113846 A1 WO 2013113846A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- groups
- isocyanate
- polyurethane polymer
- reaction
- polycarbonate
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229920002595 Dielectric elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-Oxepanedione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)O1 JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 alkyl 2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate Chemical compound 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZQMJOOSLXFQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3,5-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN1CN(CCCN(C)C)CN(CCCN(C)C)C1 FZQMJOOSLXFQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine Chemical compound COC1=NC(N)=NC2=C1C=CN2 CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001746 electroactive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QHJABUZHRJTCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-methylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CNCCCN QHJABUZHRJTCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)N=C=O)=C1 AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1N=C=O SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKREBLWJYZZLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-methylbutane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CNCCC(C)N ZOKREBLWJYZZLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-7-fluoroquinazolin-4-amine Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC2=C1 FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOZRCGLDOHDZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexanoic acid;tin Chemical compound [Sn].CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O BOZRCGLDOHDZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPSNFVVCGMSWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isocyanatopropan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPSNFVVCGMSWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CCCN JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYEOYFUOERFWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(7-methyloctoxy)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOCCCN HYEOYFUOERFWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNVOFDGAASRDQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound NCC(C)(C)CO FNVOFDGAASRDQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEYMMOKECZBKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCl QEYMMOKECZBKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDZFEGOYTOHDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-1-N-methylpentane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC(N)(CC)CCNC UDZFEGOYTOHDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-iminooxadiazine-4,5-dione Chemical compound N=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHESOIPTRUDICE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC.N=C=O.N=C=O.N=C=O Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC.N=C=O.N=C=O.N=C=O ZHESOIPTRUDICE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanolamine Chemical compound NCCCO WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003957 acoustic microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AIXMJTYHQHQJLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl210858 Chemical compound O1C(CC(=O)OC)CC(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=N1 AIXMJTYHQHQJLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEIQPMUPONZJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethanediamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N)(N)C1CCCCC1 KEIQPMUPONZJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITZPOSYADVYECJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-cyclohexylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCCCNC1CCCCC1 ITZPOSYADVYECJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODGYWRBCQWKSSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-ethylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCNCCCN ODGYWRBCQWKSSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVKFRMCSXWQSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CNCCNC KVKFRMCSXWQSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazine-4,5,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006264 polyurethane film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000196 viscometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/44—Polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/73—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates acyclic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/09—Forming piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials
- H10N30/098—Forming organic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
Definitions
- Electromechanical transducer comprising a polyurethane polymer with polyester and / or
- the present invention relates to an electromechanical transducer comprising a dielectric elastomer contacted by a first electrode and a second electrode, the dielectric elastomer comprising a polyurethane polymer.
- the polyurethane polymer here comprises at least one polyester and / or polycarbonate unit.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing such an electromechanical transducer, the use of the dielectric elastomer used and an electrical and / or electronic device comprising an electromechanical transducer according to the invention.
- Electromechanical transducers play an important role in converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa. Electromechanical converters can therefore be used as sensors, actuators and / or generators. As an example of this, the systems mentioned in WO-A 2001/006575 are presented, which use prestressed polymers.
- One class of such transducers is based on electroactive polymers. It is a constant goal to increase the properties of the electroactive polymers, in particular the electrical resistance and the breakdown strength. At the same time, however, the mechanics of the polymers make them suitable for use in electromechanical transducers.
- WO-A 2008/095621 describes soot-filled polyurethane compositions which at least consist of polyetherurethanes incorporated with polyol components containing from 50 to 100% by weight of polyalkylene oxides prepared by DMC catalysis, in particular polypropylene oxides, and 0-50% by weight. % of catalyst-free polyols, in particular those which are purified by distillation or by recrystallization, or those which have not been prepared by ring-opening polymerization of oxygen heterocycles constructed. Furthermore, the polyurethane compositions contain 0.1-30 wt .-% carbon black.
- the invention therefore proposes an electromechanical transducer comprising a dielectric elastomer contacted by a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the dielectric elastomer comprises a polyurethane polymer.
- the converter according to the invention is characterized in that the polyurethane polymer is obtainable from the reaction of
- the polyurethane polymers provided in the electromechanical converter according to the invention have particularly high tear propagation strengths with simultaneously small remaining elongations.
- the polyurethanes are present as soft elastomers. The combination of these properties results in an advantageous use in electromechanical transducers.
- the transducer When a mechanical stress is applied to such a transducer, the transducer deforms along its thickness and area, for example, and a strong electrical signal can be detected at the electrodes. This converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- the converter according to the invention can consequently be used both as a generator and as a sensor.
- the converter according to the invention can equally serve as an actuator.
- the electrodes basically all materials are suitable which have a sufficiently high electrical conductivity and can advantageously follow the expansion of the dielectric elastomer.
- the electrodes can be constructed from an electrically conductive polymer, from lead ink or from carbon black.
- Dielectric elastomers for the purposes of the present invention are elastomers that can change their shape by the application of an electric field.
- the thickness may decrease while at the same time extending the film lengthwise in the planar direction.
- the thickness of the dielectric elastomer layer is preferably> 1 ⁇ to ⁇ 500 ⁇ and more preferably> 10 ⁇ to ⁇ 150 ⁇ . It can be constructed in one piece or in several pieces. For example, a multi-piece layer can be obtained by laminating individual layers.
- the dielectric elastomer may have other ingredients in addition to the inventively provided polyurethane polymer. Such ingredients include, for example, crosslinkers, thickeners, cosolvents, thixotropic agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, emulsifiers, surfactants, adhesives, plasticizers, water repellents, pigments, fillers and leveling agents.
- fillers in the elastomer can regulate the dielectric constant of the polymer.
- ceramic fillers in particular barium titanate, titanium dioxide and piezoelectric ceramics such as quartz or lead zirconium titanate, as well as organic fillers, in particular those having a high electrical polarizability, for example phthalocyanines.
- a high dielectric constant can also be achieved by introducing electrically conductive fillers below their percolation threshold.
- electrically conductive fillers below their percolation threshold.
- these are carbon black, graphite, single-walled or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, electrically conductive polymers such as polythiophenes, polyanilines or polypyrroles, or mixtures thereof.
- electrically conductive polymers such as polythiophenes, polyanilines or polypyrroles, or mixtures thereof.
- those types of carbon black which have a surface passivation and therefore at higher concentrations below the percolation threshold increase the dielectric constant and nevertheless do not lead to an increase in the conductivity of the polymer.
- the polyurethane polymer provided in the electromechanical converter according to the invention is obtainable from the reaction of a polyisocyanate A) and / or a polyisocyanate prepolymer B) with a compound C) which comprises at least two isocyanate-reactive groups, with no further isocyanate-reactive for the preparation of the polyurethane polymer Compounds in addition to component C) are used and wherein the molar ratios of isocyanate groups in A) and / or B) to isocyanate-reactive groups in C) of 0.8: 1.0 to 1.3: 1.0, preferably 0, 9: 1.0 to 1.2: 1.0.
- B) and / or C) have polycarbonate and / or polyester units, wherein the polycarbonate units contain hydroxyl-containing polycarbonate polyols which have an even number of CH 2 groups between the hydroxyl groups, and / or the polyester units the reaction of adipic acid and / or adipic anhydride with diols having an even number of CH 2 groups between the hydroxy groups.
- the polycarbonate and / or polyester units according to the invention can be obtained by known methods, for example from the reaction of polyisocyanates A) and / or polyisocyanate prepolymers B) with the corresponding polycarbonate polyols and / or polyester polyols. These polycarbonate polyols and / or polyester polyols can also be used to form the prepolymers.
- suitable polyisocyanates A) are 1,4-butylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2,2,4 and / or 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, the isomeric bis (4, 4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methanes or mixtures thereof of any isomer content, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 4-isocyanatomethyl-1,8-octane diisocyanate (nonane triisocyanate), 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,2'- and / or 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3- and / or l,
- uretdione, isocyanurate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione or oxadiazinetrione-containing compounds based on the diisocyanates mentioned are suitable building blocks of component A).
- HDI 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- bis (4,4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane tolylene diisocyanate and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- HDI 1,6-hexamethylene di
- the polyisocyanate prepolymers which can be used as component B) can be obtained by reacting one or more of the abovementioned diisocyanates with one or more hydroxy-functional, in particular polymeric, polyols, if appropriate with addition of catalysts and auxiliaries and additives.
- components for chain extension for the formation of the polyisocyanate prepolymer can be used in addition, such as components having primary and / or secondary amino groups.
- Hydroxy-functional, polymeric polyols for the conversion to the polyisocyanate prepolymer B) according to the invention include, for example, polyester polyols, polyacrylate polyols, polyurethane polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyether polyols, polyester polyacrylate polyols, polyurethane polyacrylate polyols, polyurethane polyester polyols, polyurethane polyether polyols and / or polyurethane polycarbonate polyols and / or polyester polycarbonate polyols. These can be used to prepare the polyisocyanate prepolymer individually or in any mixtures with each other.
- diisocyanates with the polycarbonate polyols containing an even number of CH 2 groups and / or polyester polyols based on the reaction of adipic acid and / or adipic anhydride with diols having an even number of CH 2 - Groups, to be implemented.
- diisocyanates may be reacted with the polyols at a ratio of the isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups (NCO / OH ratio) of 2: 1 to 20: 1, preferably of 8: 1 to 15: 1.
- NCO / OH ratio a ratio of the isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups
- urethane and / or allophanate structures can be formed.
- the proportion of unreacted polyisocyanates can then be separated off.
- a thin-film distillation can be used, with residual monomer low products with residual monomer contents of, for example, ⁇ 1 weight percent, preferably ⁇ 0.5 weight percent, more preferably ⁇ 0.1 weight percent, are obtained.
- the reaction temperature may be from 20 ° C to 120 ° C, preferably from 60 ° C to 100 ° C, amount.
- stabilizers such as benzoyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, dibutyl phosphate, 3-chloropropionic acid or methyl tosylate may be added during the preparation.
- Components suitable for chain extension in the polyisocyanate prepolymers B) according to the invention are organic di- or polyamines.
- organic di- or polyamines For example, ethylenediamine, 1, 2-diaminopropane, 1, 3-diaminopropane, 1, 4-diaminobutane, 1, 6-diaminohexane, isophoronediamine, isomer mixture of 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2-methylpentamethylene - Diamine, diethylenetriamine, diaminodicyclohexylmethane or dimethylethylenediamine or mixtures thereof are used.
- compounds which, in addition to a primary amino group, also have secondary amino groups or, in addition to an amino group (primary or secondary), OH groups for the preparation of the polyisocyanate prepolymers B).
- primary / secondary amines such as diethanolamine, 3-amino-1-methylaminopropane, 3-amino-1-ethylaminopropane, 3-amino-1-cyclohexylaminopropane, 3-amino-1-methylaminobutane, alkanolamines such as N-aminoethylethanolamine, ethanolamine , 3-aminopropanol, neopentanolamine.
- amines with an isocyanate-reactive group such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, Butylamine, octylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, isononyloxypropylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, N-methylaminopropylamine,
- the polyisocyanate prepolymers or mixtures thereof used according to the invention as component B) preferably have an average NCO functionality of> 1.8 to ⁇ 5, more preferably> 2 to ⁇ 3.5 and very particularly preferably> 2 to ⁇ 2.5 ,
- component C) may in principle be a compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups, preferably amino and / or hydroxyl groups, particularly preferably hydroxy groups.
- component C) may be a polyol having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydroxyl groups, such as, for example, trimethylolpropane (TMP).
- TMP trimethylolpropane
- Polyester components which can be used as component C) and / or for the preparation of component B) are the known polycondensates of di- and optionally tri- and tetraols and di- and optionally tri- and tetracarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids or lactones , Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids, it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols for the preparation of the polyesters. Polyester polyols having number-average molecular weights M n of from 1000 to 10000 g / mol, preferably from 1500 to 4000 g / mol, particularly preferably from 1800 to 2300 g / mol, may be used.
- M n is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at 23 ° C in THF using as calibration relationship polystyrene standards in the relevant molecular weight range.
- suitable diols for the preparation of the polyester polyols are those which have an even number of CH 2 groups between the hydroxyl groups, for example ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, butanediol (1,3), butanediol (1 , 4), hexanediol (1,6).
- the polyester polyols are preferably obtainable as component C) and / or for the preparation of component B) by reacting adipic acid and / or adipic anhydride with Diols which have an even number of CH 2 groups between the hydroxyl groups, particularly preferably with hexanediol (1,6), butanediol (1,4) and ethylene glycol and very particularly preferably with hexanediol (1,6) and ethylene glycol.
- Polycarbonate components which can be used as component C) and / or for the preparation of component B) are hydroxyl-containing polycarbonate polyols, preferably polycarbonate diols having an even number of CH 2 groups between the hydroxyl groups, with number-average molecular weights M n of 1000 to 10000 g / mol, preferably from 1500 to 4000 g / mol, particularly preferably from 1800 to 3000 g / mol.
- M n number-average molecular weights
- M n number-average molecular weights
- These are obtainable by reaction of carbon dioxide, carbonic acid derivatives, such as diphenyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or phosgene, with polyols, preferably diols, which have an even number of CH 2 groups between the hydroxyl groups.
- diols examples include ethylene glycol, 1,3- and 1, 4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1, 4-bishydroxymethylcyclohexane, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols.
- the diol component contains 40 to 100 wt .-% of hexanediol, preferably 1,6-hexanediol and / or hexanediol derivatives.
- Such hexanediol derivatives are based on hexanediol and have ester or ether groups in addition to terminal OH groups. Such derivatives are obtainable by reaction of hexanediol with excess caprolactone or by etherification of hexanediol with itself to di- or trihexylenglykol. Particularly preferred is 1,6-hexanediol as the diol component.
- the equivalent ratio of the isocyanate groups from A) to the isocyanate groups from B) is advantageously between> 1:10 to ⁇ 10: 1, more preferably> 1: 5 ⁇ 5: 1, and most preferably> 1: 3 to ⁇ 3: 1.
- the terms "a” and “an” in connection with the components A), B) and C) are not used as number words but as an indefinite article.
- the polyurethane polymer is obtainable from the reaction of a polyisocyanate prepolymer B) with a compound having at least two NCO-reactive groups C).
- the polyurethane prepolymer B) is obtainable from the reaction of a diisocyanate A) with a polycarbonate polyol containing an even number of CH 2 groups, and / or a polyesterpolyol, based on the reaction of adipic acid and / or adipic anhydride with diols having an even number of CH 2 groups, particularly preferably used as diisocyanate A) hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- the polyurethane polymer is obtainable from the reaction of a polyisocyanate prepolymer B) with C) a polycarbonate polyol containing an even number of CH 2 groups and / or a polyester polyol based on the reaction of adipic acid and / or adipic anhydride with diols having an even number of CH 2 groups and the polyisocyanate prepolymer B) is obtainable from the reaction of an at least difunctional polyisocyanate with a polycarbonate polyol containing an even number of CH 2 groups, and / or a polyester polyol based on the reaction of adipic acid and / or adipic anhydride with diols having an even number of CH 2 groups, particularly preferably the diisocyanate A) used is the monomer and / or trimerizate (biuret or isocyanurate) of hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- the polyisocyanate A) used is the monomer and / or trim
- the proportion of polyester and / or polycarbonate units is> 20% by weight to ⁇ 90% by weight. This proportion is preferably between> 25% by weight and ⁇ 80% by weight and more preferably between> 30% by weight and ⁇ 50% by weight.
- the polyurethane polymer has a modulus of elasticity at an elongation of 50%>from> 0.1 MPa to ⁇ 15 MPa.
- the module is determined according to DIN EN 150 672 1-1 and can also be> 0.2 MPa to ⁇ 5 MPa.
- the polyurethane polymer may have a maximum stress of> 0.2 MPa, in particular of> 0.4 MPa to ⁇ 50 MPa and a maximum elongation of>200%>, in particular of>350%>.
- the polyurethane polymer contained in the electromechanical transducer according to the invention has a tensile strength of> 1, 5kN / m, preferably of> 1.6 kN / m. The tear strength was determined according to ASTM D 624-00 on films of thickness from 30 ⁇ to 200 ⁇ .
- a further subject of the present invention is a method for producing an electromechanical transducer, comprising the steps:
- dielectric elastomer comprises a polyurethane polymer
- polyurethane polymer is obtainable from the reaction of
- the provision of the dielectric elastomer is preferably carried out by applying the reaction mixture leading to the polyurethane polymer to the first and / or second electrode.
- the advantage of this procedure is in particular that the curing elastomer can build a good adhesion to the electrodes.
- the application of the reaction mixture can be carried out, for example, by knife coating, brushing, pouring, spinning, spraying or extrusion.
- drying and / or tempering is carried out after application of the reaction mixture.
- the drying / tempering can take place in a temperature range from 0 ° C to 200 ° C, for example for 0.1 min to 48 h, in particular for 6 h to 18 h; drying / heat treatment for a period of 15 minutes to 30 minutes in the temperature range from 60 ° C. to 120 ° C. is particularly preferred.
- the present invention further relates to the use of a dielectric elastomer as an actuator, sensor and / or generator in an electromechanical transducer, wherein the dielectric elastomer comprises a polyurethane polymer, and the polyurethane polymer is obtainable from the reaction of
- the present invention further relates to the use of a dielectric elastomer as an actuator, sensor and / or generator in an electromechanical transducer, wherein the dielectric elastomer comprises a polyurethane polymer, and the polyurethane polymer is obtainable from the reaction of
- Uses can be found in a variety of different applications in the electro-mechanical and electro-acoustic field, in particular in the field of energy production from mechanical vibrations (energy harvesting), acoustics, ultrasound, medical diagnostics, acoustic microscopy, mechanical sensors, in particular pressure force and / or strain sensors, robotics and / or communication technology.
- Typical examples include pressure sensors, electroacoustic transducers, microphones, loudspeakers, vibration transducers, light deflectors, diaphragms, Modulators for optical fiber optics, pyroelectric detectors, capacitors and control systems; and 'intelligent' floors, and systems for converting water wave energy, in particular sea-wave energy, into electrical energy.
- Another object of the invention is an electrical and / or electronic device comprising an electromechanical transducer according to the invention.
- the tensile tests were carried out by means of a tractor from Zwick, model number 1455, equipped with a load cell of the total measuring range 1 kN according to DIN 53 504 with a pulling speed of 50 mm / min. S2 specimens were used as specimens. Each measurement was carried out on three identically prepared test specimens and the mean of the data obtained was used for the evaluation. The elongation at break in [%] and the modulus of elasticity in [MPa] at 50% elongation were determined.
- the stress relaxation (creep) of the elastomer films was determined on rectangular bars of dimensions 15 mm ⁇ 100 mm according to DIN 53 441 at 10% elongation after a time of 30 minutes.
- the propagation energy was determined according to ASTM D 624-00 at a strain rate of 100 mm / min on rectangular bars of dimensions 15 mm ⁇ 100 mm.
- the electrical resistance was determined by means of a Keithley Instruments Model No. 6517 A and 8009 laboratory setup in accordance with ASTM D 257 (a method for determining the insulation resistance of materials). Substances used and abbreviations:
- Desmodur® N 100 trifunctional biuret based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI biuret), NCO content 21.95 ⁇ 0.3% (according to DIN EN ISO 1 909), viscosity at 23 ° C. 9630 ⁇ 750 mPa ⁇ s, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Leverkusen, DE. Desmodur® 44M 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, Bayer MaterialScience AG,
- Desmodur® XP 2599 Aliphatic, ether group-containing prepolymer based on
- Example 1 Preparation of a di-isocyanate-functional polyisocyanate prepolymer
- Example 3 (comparative): Preparation of a polymer not to be used according to the invention
- the raw materials used were not degassed separately. 55.2 g of a prepolymer from Example 2 and 33.33 g of PolyTHF® 2000 were mixed with an amount of 0.00083 g of DBTDL in a polypropylene beaker in the Speedmixer at 3000 revolutions per minute for 1 minute. From the still liquid reaction mixture, films of a wet layer thickness of 1 mm were laced by hand on glass plates. All films were dried after production at 80 ° C in a drying oven overnight and then post-annealed at 120 ° C for 5 min. The films could be easily released from the glass plate after tempering by hand.
- Example 4 Preparation of a polymer not to be used according to the invention The raw materials used were not degassed separately. 50.0 g of Acclaim® 4220 and 0.05 g of Irganox® 1076 were weighed into a polypropylene beaker and mixed in the Speedmixer at 3000 rpm for 1 minute with 0.4 g DBTDL and 5.75 g Desmodur® N 100 mixed. From the still liquid reaction mixture, films of a wet layer thickness of 1 mm were laced by hand on glass plates. All films were dried after production at 80 ° C in a drying oven overnight and then post-annealed at 120 ° C for 5 min. The films could be easily released from the glass plate after tempering by hand.
- Example 5 Preparation of a polymer not to be used according to the invention The raw materials used were not degassed separately. 29, ll g of Desmodur® XP 2599 and 50.0 g of Desmophen® C 2200 were loaded with 0.045 g of Desmorapid® SO and 0.05 g of Irganox® 1076 in a polypropylene beaker in the Speedmixer at 3000 revolutions per minute for the duration mixed for 1 minute. From the still liquid reaction mixture, films of a wet layer thickness of 1 mm were laced by hand on glass plates. All films were dried after production at 80 ° C in a drying oven overnight and then post-annealed at 120 ° C for 5 min. The films could be easily released from the glass plate after tempering by hand.
- Example 6 Preparation of a Polymer Not According to the Invention
- the raw materials used were not degassed separately.
- 50.0 g Desmophen® C 1200 was mixed with 0.05 g Irganox® 1076, 9.188 g Desmodur® N100 and 0.013 g DBTDL in a polypropylene beaker in the Speedmixer at 3000 rpm for 1 minute.
- films of a wet layer thickness of 1 mm were laced by hand on glass plates. All films were dried after production at 80 ° C in a drying oven overnight and then post-annealed at 120 ° C for 5 min. The films could be easily released from the glass plate after tempering by hand.
- Example 7 Preparation of a polymer to be used according to the invention
- films of a wet layer thickness of 1 mm were laced by hand on glass plates. All films were cured after production at 100 ° C in the oven for a period of 1 h. The films could be easily released from the glass plate after curing by hand.
- Elongation at break and modulus of elasticity in tension (DIN EN 150 672 1-1), tension relaxation in tension (Creep; DIN 53 441), tensile elongation at break (ASTM D 412), tear strength (ASTM D 624 -00) and the electrical resistance (ASTM D 257) determined.
- the results for the examples not according to the invention and the examples of polymer elements according to the invention are shown in Table 1 below. Numerical values the volume resistances are given in exponential notation. For example, the numerical value 3 means a volume resistance of 1.88 ⁇ 10 12 ohm cm.
- Particularly advantageous when using the film according to the invention is the combination of high elongation at break, low creep, high electrical resistance and high tear propagation resistance.
- Particularly advantageous electromechanical transducers can be produced with this polymer according to the invention.
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un élastomère diélectrique dans lequel un contact est établi au moyen d'une première et d'une deuxième électrode, l'élastomère diélectrique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane. Ici, le polymère de polyuréthane comprend au moins un motif polyester et/ou polycarbonate. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication d'un tel convertisseur électromécanique, l'utilisation de l'élastomère diélectrique, ainsi qu'un dispositif électrique et/ou électronique comprenant un convertisseur électromécanique selon l'invention.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12153407 | 2012-02-01 | ||
EP12153407.7 | 2012-02-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013113846A1 true WO2013113846A1 (fr) | 2013-08-08 |
Family
ID=47720479
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2013/051956 WO2013113846A1 (fr) | 2012-02-01 | 2013-01-31 | Convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane à motifs polyester et/ou polycarbonate |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
TW (1) | TW201343699A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013113846A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014006005A1 (fr) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Procédé de fabrication d'un système de films de polyuréthane diélectriques multicouches |
CN108912661A (zh) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-11-30 | 南京大学射阳高新技术研究院 | 一种介电薄膜及其制备方法 |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0326043B2 (fr) | 1982-12-07 | 1991-04-09 | Olympus Optical Co | |
JPH0685339A (ja) | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-25 | Toshihiro Hirai | ポリウレタンエラストマー・アクチュエータ |
JPH07240544A (ja) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-09-12 | Nitta Ind Corp | ポリウレタンエラストマー・アクチュエーター |
US5977685A (en) | 1996-02-15 | 1999-11-02 | Nitta Corporation | Polyurethane elastomer actuator |
JP2000049397A (ja) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-18 | Nitta Ind Corp | アクチュエータ |
JP2000101159A (ja) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-04-07 | Nitta Ind Corp | アクチュエータの制御方法 |
WO2001006575A1 (fr) | 1999-07-20 | 2001-01-25 | Sri International | Polymeres electroactifs ameliores |
WO2008095621A1 (fr) | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-14 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Polyuréthanes remplis de noir de carbone ayant une constante diélectrique élevée et une résistance au percement élevée |
WO2009074192A1 (fr) | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Convertisseur d'énergie composé de dispersions polymères aqueuses filmogènes, notamment de dispersions de polyuréthane |
EP2418231A1 (fr) * | 2010-08-09 | 2012-02-15 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane doté d'unités de polycarbonate |
WO2012019979A2 (fr) * | 2010-08-09 | 2012-02-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Transducteur électromécanique, comportant un polymère polyuréthanne doté d'unités polyester et/ou polycarbonate |
-
2013
- 2013-01-31 TW TW102103614A patent/TW201343699A/zh unknown
- 2013-01-31 WO PCT/EP2013/051956 patent/WO2013113846A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0326043B2 (fr) | 1982-12-07 | 1991-04-09 | Olympus Optical Co | |
JPH0685339A (ja) | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-25 | Toshihiro Hirai | ポリウレタンエラストマー・アクチュエータ |
JPH07240544A (ja) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-09-12 | Nitta Ind Corp | ポリウレタンエラストマー・アクチュエーター |
US5977685A (en) | 1996-02-15 | 1999-11-02 | Nitta Corporation | Polyurethane elastomer actuator |
JP2000049397A (ja) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-18 | Nitta Ind Corp | アクチュエータ |
JP2000101159A (ja) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-04-07 | Nitta Ind Corp | アクチュエータの制御方法 |
WO2001006575A1 (fr) | 1999-07-20 | 2001-01-25 | Sri International | Polymeres electroactifs ameliores |
WO2008095621A1 (fr) | 2007-02-07 | 2008-08-14 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Polyuréthanes remplis de noir de carbone ayant une constante diélectrique élevée et une résistance au percement élevée |
WO2009074192A1 (fr) | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Convertisseur d'énergie composé de dispersions polymères aqueuses filmogènes, notamment de dispersions de polyuréthane |
EP2418231A1 (fr) * | 2010-08-09 | 2012-02-15 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane doté d'unités de polycarbonate |
WO2012019979A2 (fr) * | 2010-08-09 | 2012-02-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Transducteur électromécanique, comportant un polymère polyuréthanne doté d'unités polyester et/ou polycarbonate |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD. SWITZERLAND, vol. 29-32, 2010, pages 675 - 681, ISSN: 1022-6680, DOI: DOI:10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMM.29-32.675 * |
DATABASE INSPEC [online] THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, STEVENAGE, GB; 2010, XIAODONG CHEN ET AL: "Synthesis and characterization of novel segmented castable polyurethanes based on 2,4-TDI and 3,5DMTDA", XP002679144, Database accession no. 12015044 * |
JO N J ET AL: "Polyurethane-based Actuators with Various Polyols", JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ZHONGGUO KEXUEYUAN, CN, vol. 26, no. 8, 1 January 2010 (2010-01-01), pages 763 - 768, XP027340802, ISSN: 1005-0302, [retrieved on 20100101] * |
UEDA T ET AL.: "Polyurethane Elastomer Actuator", SYNTHETIC METALS, vol. 85, no. 1-3, 15 February 1997 (1997-02-15), pages 1415 - 1416, XP002679143 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014006005A1 (fr) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Procédé de fabrication d'un système de films de polyuréthane diélectriques multicouches |
JP2015533671A (ja) * | 2012-07-03 | 2015-11-26 | バイエル・マテリアルサイエンス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトBayer MaterialScience AG | 多層誘電性ポリウレタンフィルム系を製造するための方法 |
CN108912661A (zh) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-11-30 | 南京大学射阳高新技术研究院 | 一种介电薄膜及其制备方法 |
CN108912661B (zh) * | 2018-08-14 | 2021-04-20 | 南京大学射阳高新技术研究院 | 一种介电薄膜及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201343699A (zh) | 2013-11-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2330650B1 (fr) | Convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane doté d'unités d'éther de poly-tétra-méthylène-glycol | |
EP2603536B1 (fr) | Transducteur électromécanique, comportant un polymère polyuréthanne doté d'unités polyester et/ou polycarbonate | |
EP2459611B1 (fr) | Convertisseur électromécanique doté d'un élément polymère basé sur un mélange en polyisocyanate et de pré-polymères fonctionnels avec de l'isocyanate et sur une liaison dotée d'au moins deux groupes hydroxy réactifs à isocyanate | |
EP2232601B1 (fr) | Convertisseur d'énergie composé de dispersions filmogènes aqueuses de polyuréthane | |
EP2340575B1 (fr) | Convertisseur d'énergie à base de solutions de polyuréthane | |
WO2014001272A1 (fr) | Film de polyuréthane diélectrique | |
EP2511314A1 (fr) | Polymère de polyuréthane et son utilisation dans des convertisseurs électromécaniques | |
EP2418231A1 (fr) | Convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane doté d'unités de polycarbonate | |
WO2010012389A1 (fr) | Transducteur électromécanique avec un élément en polymère à base de polyisocyanate | |
EP2509127A1 (fr) | Utilisation de polyuréthanes thermoplastiques pour la transformation d'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique | |
WO2013113846A1 (fr) | Convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane à motifs polyester et/ou polycarbonate | |
WO2016102320A1 (fr) | Polyuréthane modifié par un composé dipolaire, procédé de production dudit polyuréthane et utilisation pour la production de films électro-actifs d'élastomères coulés à base de polyuréthane | |
WO2012152500A1 (fr) | Procédé de sérigraphie à l'aide d'une encre d'impression réagissant pour devenir un polymère polyuréthane | |
EP2418230A1 (fr) | Convertisseur électromécanique comprenant un polymère de polyuréthane doté d'unités de polyéther | |
WO2016193062A1 (fr) | Additif polymère non lié pour augmenter la constante diélectrique de polymères de polyurethane électriquement actifs |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13704565 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 13704565 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |