WO2013107249A1 - 八冲程发动机 - Google Patents

八冲程发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013107249A1
WO2013107249A1 PCT/CN2012/087350 CN2012087350W WO2013107249A1 WO 2013107249 A1 WO2013107249 A1 WO 2013107249A1 CN 2012087350 W CN2012087350 W CN 2012087350W WO 2013107249 A1 WO2013107249 A1 WO 2013107249A1
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cylinder
main
crankshaft
sub
valve
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PCT/CN2012/087350
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马可超
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Ma Kechao
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Publication of WO2013107249A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013107249A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
    • F02B41/06—Engines with prolonged expansion in compound cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/06—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/22—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps with pumping cylinder situated at side of working cylinder, e.g. the cylinders being parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B75/021—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having six or more strokes per cycle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for movable power and power generation, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine.
  • the Kano cycle engine has a history of 100 years, its working principle: inhalation, compression, explosion, exhaust. With the development of technology, the performance of the engine is also constantly improved, such as increasing the valve, turbocharged, EFI, direct injection in the cylinder, but failed to make the thermal efficiency of the engine exceed 30%. In the context of global oil and environmental crisis, improving the thermal efficiency and environmental protection of engines has important and far-reaching significance for the development of society.
  • An eight-stroke engine which has a working cylinder that performs work by combustion, called a combustion cylinder; and a working cylinder that performs work by steam expansion, called a steam cylinder; the combustion cylinder is connected to the steam cylinder through the air passage, in the steam There is a water sprayer on the cylinder; in the combustion cylinder, the air undergoes four strokes of 'intake-compression-combustion expansion work-exhaust', and the generated high-temperature gas enters the steam cylinder through the air passage, and then undergoes 'into high temperature Gas-compression water spray-steam expansion work-exhaust' four strokes for a total of eight strokes.
  • the air passage is a plenum structure.
  • the above eight-stroke engine uses the exhaust heat energy to convert into steam, and the conversion process is actually very limited in efficiency, and the proceeds are not necessarily obtained, and the above scheme has not been put into practical use.
  • the thermal efficiency of the existing piston four-stroke engine is not more than 30% because its explosive energy is not fully utilized, and it cannot be fully utilized. It is far from the theoretical efficiency.
  • the compression ratio of the engine determines that the excess energy of the explosion work must go to the next working process, and most of the effective energy is not used, and it is drained in vain.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an eight-stroke double (one or three) crankshaft double (one or three) row cylinder internal combustion engine that fully utilizes thermal energy.
  • the setting method and device proposed by the present invention are to make full use of most of the Effective energy maximizes engine power and efficiency and is energy efficient.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is a method for setting an eight-stroke engine, in which a secondary cylinder corresponding to each cylinder of the four-stroke engine is added, and the master cylinder and the secondary cylinder are laterally parallel, and the corresponding master cylinder 11 and the secondary cylinder 12
  • the interconnecting passages 23 are formed as a group.
  • the improvement of the eight-stroke engine setting method is that a sub-cylinder and a complete system device corresponding to each cylinder of the four-stroke engine are added, and the main cylinders (lined in a row) and the sub-cylinders (lined in a row) are horizontally parallel.
  • the piston 8 of the secondary cylinder is transmitted to the main crankshaft 1 through the connecting rod 4, the secondary crankshaft 2 and the synchronizer 28, so that the main crankshaft 1 obtains the assist of the secondary crankshaft 2, and the two crankshafts 1, 2 simultaneously rotate and form a resultant force, which is composed of the main crankshaft.
  • 1 output that is to say with one suction and oil intake
  • the auxiliary cylinder system added by the invention is equivalent to extending the explosion power stroke of the engine.
  • the two cylinders 11 and 12 of a group of cylinders are simultaneously exhausted, and the negative work of the exhaust gas is effectively improved, and most of the effective energy is thus fully utilized to make the power and efficiency of the engine. Maximize the realization, reduce the emissions of exhaust gas, and improve the quality of emissions.
  • the eight-stroke engine is composed of a four-stroke system of a master cylinder and a four-stroke system of a corresponding secondary cylinder, including a crankshaft 1, 2, a connecting rod 3, 4, a piston 7, 8 and a cylinder 11, 12 assembly, and an intake valve 21
  • the exhaust valves 22, 26, the combined vent 24 and the breathing valve 25 assembly, as well as the cooling system and the lubrication system, are combined into a complete eight-stroke engine system.
  • Only the master cylinder 11 is provided with an ignition and fuel supply assembly, and each of the master cylinders 11 and the corresponding secondary cylinder
  • the interconnecting passages 12 are formed by a joint passage 23, and the joint passages 24 and the electric valve 27 are opened and closed according to a set working procedure.
  • the main cylinder 11 and the pistons 7 and 8 in the corresponding sub-cylinders 12 are connected to the main crankshaft 1 and the sub-crankshaft 2 via the connecting rods 3 and 4, respectively, and a synchronizer 28 is provided between one or both ends of the two crankshafts 1, 2.
  • a synchronizer 28 is provided between one or both ends of the two crankshafts 1, 2.
  • the main cylinder system works with suction, compression, explosion, and exhaust strokes; the auxiliary cylinder system operates according to: suction, exhaust, explosion, and exhaust stroke.
  • the interlocking vent 24 is closed, the breathing valve 25 of the sub-cylinder 12 is opened, and the sub-cylinder 12 is self-priming and idling.
  • the interlocking vent 24 is opened, and the high temperature, high pressure, and inflation gas formed in the main cylinder 11 are instantaneously introduced into the sub cylinder 12 through the air passage 23, and the exhaust valve 26 and the breathing valve 25 of the sub cylinder 12 are closed. The energy is released sufficiently and simultaneously the pistons 7, 8 in the two cylinders 11, 12 are moved downwards.
  • the venting door 24 can be opened at the time of the explosion work, and can be opened at a time of 1-5 ms.
  • the main crankshaft 1 and the sub-crankshaft 2 can be operated simultaneously at the same angle, and can also be rotated at an angle of 0-90 degrees. There is an optimum matching time between the opening time of the vent door 24 and the rotation angle of the sub crankshaft 2.
  • the ventilating door 24 is provided on the connecting air passage 23, and is opened when the explosion is working.
  • the high temperature, high pressure and inflation gas in the main cylinder 11 are passed through the air venting passage 23, and are fully provided in the two cylinders 11 and 12 of the group. Combustion, expansion, and full release cause the pistons 7, 8 in the two cylinders to simultaneously move.
  • the main cylinder is in a closed state in the three processes of suction, compression, and exhaust.
  • the opening and closing of the vent door 24 can be controlled by a mechanical method (camshaft) or an electric valve.
  • Breathing valve the main cylinder 11 is in the process of inhaling and compressing, and the breathing valve 25 of the sub-cylinder 12 is opened, so as to make the piston 8 of the sub-cylinder 12 perform self-priming and self-discharging in the process, without increasing the load, Consume the power of the engine.
  • the main cylinder 11 is in an explosion and exhaust process, and the breathing valve 25 of the sub-cylinder 12 is in a closed state.
  • the air required for self-priming of the breathing valve 25 is filtered by a separate air filtration system.
  • the electric valve 27 is provided on the connecting air passage 23, and the opening and closing of the electric valve 27 determines whether the sub-cylinder 12 participates in the work of the main cylinder 11, and the electric valve 27 is normally closed when the engine is started, and the main cylinder of the engine is waited for. 11 After the normal operation, the electric valve 27 is opened, and the sub-cylinder 12 participates in the work.
  • the opening and closing time of the electric valve is intelligently controlled by sensors or delay devices.
  • the synchronizer 28 has a gear structure and is disposed between one end or both ends of the main and auxiliary crankshafts 1, 2, and the two crankshafts 1, 2 are rotated simultaneously, at the same speed and in the same direction by the meshing of the gears of the synchronizer 28.
  • the two pistons 7 and 8 work simultaneously, and the two crankshafts 1 and 2 rotate simultaneously.
  • the secondary crankshaft 2 continuously assists the main crankshaft 1 and forms a resultant force, which makes the engine run more consistent. Smooth, smooth and low power and high torque output.
  • the eight-stroke engine works in the form of a spark-ignition or compression-ignition or gasoline or diesel engine; the eight-stroke engine consists of a four-stroke system of the master cylinder and a four-stroke system of the corresponding secondary cylinder, and also includes the following two structures:
  • a crankshaft, single-row cylinder or double-row cylinder the master cylinder system and the secondary cylinder system are all disposed on one crankshaft, and the pistons of each of the master cylinder and the secondary cylinder are connected to the corresponding crankshafts through the connecting rods.
  • a joint air passage assembly is provided between each of the main cylinder and the secondary cylinder, and the main cylinder and the secondary cylinder are arranged in the following manner: Type I or V type ;
  • crankshafts three rows of cylinders: the main crankshaft is centered, two sub-crankshafts are respectively arranged on both sides of the main crankshaft, in parallel positions, and a synchronizer is provided between one end or both ends of the main crankshaft and the auxiliary crankshaft, The main crankshaft power output; the pistons in one column of the main cylinder and the two columns of the sub-cylinders are connected to each other by the connecting rods and the main and auxiliary crankshafts respectively arranged; each of the main cylinders and the sub-cylinders is provided with a joint air passage assembly, the main cylinder
  • the arrangement of the secondary cylinders is: type III or type W.
  • the auxiliary cylinder system added to the eight-stroke engine only plays a role in the main cylinder explosion work process, which is equivalent to extending the engine explosion work stroke, and is completely in the other three processes (intake, compression, exhaust).
  • the state of no-load motion It can be seen that the sub-cylinder system function in the eight-stroke engine system only increases the engine power, and hardly consumes power itself, thereby maximizing the power of the engine.
  • the eight-stroke engine maximizes energy and realizes full utilization, not only plays the role of increasing power, efficiency and energy saving and environmental protection, but also makes the engine run more smoothly, lower noise and longer service life. , better comfort.
  • FIG 1 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the crankshaft of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the cylinders of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 Sectional view of an eight-stroke engine.
  • Figure 4 Sectional view of the associated airway assembly.
  • Figure 5 State diagram of each valve in the engine intake process.
  • Figure 6 State diagram of each valve in the engine compression process.
  • Figure 7 State diagram of each valve in the process of engine explosion.
  • Figure 8 State diagram of each valve in the engine exhaust process.
  • Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the synchronizer.
  • Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the breathing valve cam.
  • the device of the eight-stroke engine consists of the main crankshaft 1, the secondary crankshaft 2, the connecting rods 3, 4, the piston pins 5, 6, the pistons 7, 8, the piston rings 9, 10, the main cylinders 11, 13, 15 , 17, sub-cylinders 12, 14, 16, 18, fuel injector 19, spark plug 20, intake valve 21, exhaust valve 22, 26, associated air passage 23, interlocking vent 24, breathing valve 25, electric valve (electromagnetic Valve) 27, synchronizer 28, Breathing valve camshaft 29, valve bridge 30.
  • crankshaft 1 and 2 Two identical crankshafts 1 and 2 are arranged in parallel in the crankcase.
  • the crankshaft 1 is a main crankshaft and has an output end.
  • the crankshaft 2 is a sub-crankshaft. The two crankshafts are rotated simultaneously, at the same speed and in the same direction by the synchronizer 28. .
  • the main cylinders of a row 11, 11, 15, 17 sub-cylinders of a row 12, 14, 16, 18 are sequentially arranged in a straight line according to the serial number, and are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction.
  • the pistons 7, 8 are connected to each other via the connecting rods 3, 4 and the two crankshafts 1, 2, and the main cylinder 11 and the corresponding sub-cylinder
  • the interconnections formed by the associated air passages 23 are referred to as a group, and the other cylinder groups are similar.
  • the main and sub-cylinders are arranged in the following order: Type II or V.
  • the cylinder head is provided with an intake valve 21, exhaust valves 22, 26, a combined air passage 23, a combined vent door 24, a breathing valve 25, a spark plug 20, a fuel injector 19, and an overhead camshaft or tappet corresponding to each valve / Rocker arm, lubrication system and intake, exhaust, oil return, etc.
  • the joint air passage 23 is provided at any position (cylinder head) of the space above the top dead center of each of the master cylinder and the secondary cylinder piston, and the primary and secondary cylinders are interconnected.
  • the joint air passage 23 is provided with a combined vent door 24 and an electric valve 27 to form an air passage assembly, and the joint vent door 24 and the electric valve 27 are opened and closed according to a set working procedure.
  • Each cylinder head has five valves and five overhead camshafts or tappets/rocker arms. Each valve group is opened and closed according to the working procedure of the eight-stroke engine.
  • the synchronizer 28 is of a gear structure and is disposed between one end or both ends of the main and auxiliary crankshafts 1, 2, and the two crankshafts are rotated simultaneously, at the same speed and in the same direction by the meshing of the gears of the synchronizer 28.
  • the synchronizer 28 is of a gear structure and is disposed between one end or both ends of the main and auxiliary crankshafts 1, 2, and the two crankshafts are rotated simultaneously, at the same speed and in the same direction by the meshing of the gears of the synchronizer 28.
  • the synchronizer 28 is of a gear structure and is disposed between one end or both ends of the main and auxiliary crankshafts 1, 2, and the two crankshafts are rotated simultaneously, at the same speed and in the same direction by the meshing of the gears of the synchronizer 28.
  • the breathing valve 25 the main cylinder 11 is in the inhalation and compression process, the breathing valve 25 of the sub-cylinder 12 is in an open state; the main cylinder 11 is in an explosion and exhausting process, and the breathing valve 25 of the sub-cylinder 12 is in a closed state, according to the breathing valve 25 Movement trajectory
  • the shape of the sector camshaft of 180 ⁇ 20 degrees, the opening and closing of the breathing valve 25 is controlled by the cam shaft 29.
  • the volume of the sub-cylinder according to the present invention is 10-200% of that of the main cylinder.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a schematic diagram of the operation and embodiment of an eight-stroke engine.
  • the method of the eight-stroke engine according to the present invention is arranged in any form without departing from the scope of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
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Abstract

一种八冲程发动机，由主气缸的四冲程系统和对应的副气缸的四冲程系统组成，包括主副曲轴（1，2）、连杆（3，4）、活塞（7，8）与主副气缸（11，12）总成、吸气门（21）、排气门（22，26）、联通气门（24）和呼吸气门（25）总成以及冷却系和润滑系，只有主气缸（11）设有点火和供燃料总成，每个主气缸（11）与对应副气缸（12）通过联通气道（23）形成互连互通称之为一组，联通气道（23）上由联通气门（24）和电动阀（27）按设定的工作程序进行开闭，主气缸（11）与对应的副气缸（12）内的活塞（7，8）通过连杆（3，4）分别与主曲轴（1）和副曲轴（2）相连接。该八冲程发动机的功率、效率能够实现最大化且节能环保。

Description

八冲程发动机 技术领域
本发明涉及到可移动动力以及发电动力的方法和设备，尤其是内燃机的工作方法和设备。
背景技术
卡诺循环的发动机已有100年的历史，其工作原理：吸气、压缩、爆炸、排气。随着科技的发展发动机的性能也不断的提高，如增加气门、涡轮增压、电喷、缸内直喷等技术，但未能使发动机的热效率超过30%。在全球石油、环境危机的背景下，提高发动机的热效率和环保排放对社会的发展具有重要和深远的意义。
CN200810007618 提出了一种八冲程发动机，该发动机有通过燃烧做功的工作气缸，称为燃烧气缸；和通过水蒸汽膨胀做功的工作气缸,称为蒸汽气缸；燃烧气缸与蒸汽气缸通过气道相连,在蒸汽气缸上有喷水器;在燃烧气缸中,空气经历'进气-压缩-燃烧膨胀做功-排气'四个冲程之后,所产生的高温燃气通过气道进入蒸汽气缸内,再经历'进高温气-压缩喷水-蒸汽膨胀做功-排气'四个冲程,一共八个冲程。所述气道为稳压腔结构。上述八冲程发动机利用尾气热能转化为蒸气，再转化过程实际上效率很有限，所得也未必是所当得，以上方案未见进入实用。
总体而言，现有的活塞式四冲程发动机的热效率之所以不超过30%，是因为其爆炸能量没有被充分利用，也无法充分利用所造成的，距理论的效率还相差很远。发动机的压缩比这个指标决定了爆炸做功行程多余的能量必须进入下一个工作程序排气，还有大部分的有效能量没有被利用，就白白的排掉了。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提出一种充分利用热能的八冲程双（一或三）曲轴双（一或三）排缸的内燃发动机，本发明提出的设置方法和装置就是要充分利用绝大多数的有效能量，使发动机的功率、效率实现最大化而且节能环保。
本发明的技术方案是，八冲程发动机的设置方法，对四冲程发动机的每只气缸均增设与之相对应的副气缸，主气缸与副气缸横向平行，相对应的主气缸11和副气缸12通过联通气道23形成互连互通称之为一组，主气缸11在爆炸做功时，打开联通气门24使主气缸11燃烧的高温、高压、膨胀气体，通过联通气道23瞬间导入副气缸12，副气缸12的排气门26和呼吸气门25关闭，在一组的两只气缸11、12内充分燃烧、膨胀驱动主副两只气缸11、12内的活塞7、8运动做功。
八冲程发动机设置方法的改进是，对四冲程发动机的每只气缸均增设与之相对应的副气缸及整套系统装置，主气缸（排成一列）与副气缸（排成一列）呈横向平行位置，副气缸的活塞8通过连杆4、副曲轴2和同步器28传递给主曲轴1，使主曲轴1获得副曲轴2的助力，两根曲轴1、2同时旋转并形成合力，由主曲轴1输出，也就是说用一次的吸气和进油量，通过本发明所增设的副缸系统相当于延长发动机的爆炸做功行程这一环节。再加上一组气缸的两个缸11、12同时进行排气，排气的负功现象得到了有效的改善，绝大多数的有效能量因此而获得了充分的利用，使发动机的功率、效率实现最大化，尾气的排放量有所减少，排放质量有所提高。
八冲程发动机，由主气缸的四冲程系统和对应的副气缸的四冲程系统组成，包括曲轴1、2，连杆3、4，活塞7、8与气缸11、12总成，吸气门21，排气门22、26，联通气门24和呼吸气门25总成以及冷却系和润滑系等组合成一套完整的八冲程发动机整机系统。只有主气缸11设有点火和供燃料总成，每个主气缸11与对应副气缸 12通过联通气道23形成互连互通称之为一组，联通气道23上设有联通气门24和电动阀27按设定的工作程序进行开闭。主气缸11与对应的副气缸12内的活塞7、8通过连杆3、4分别与主曲轴1和副曲轴2相连接，两根曲轴1、2一端或两端之间设有同步器28，通过同步器28的啮合使两根曲轴1、2同时、同速、同向旋转，在爆炸做功时一组气缸内的两只活塞7、8，通过连杆3、4使两根曲轴1、2同时产生旋转并形成合力，由曲轴1进行动力输出。主气缸系统以吸气、压缩、爆炸、排气冲程工作；副气缸系统按：吸气、排气、爆炸、排气冲程工作。
主气缸11在吸气、压缩时，联通气门24关闭，副气缸12的呼吸气门25打开，副气缸12做自吸自排，空载运动。
主气缸11在爆炸做功时，联通气门24打开，主气缸11内形成的高温、高压、膨胀气体，通过联通气道23瞬间导入副气缸12，副气缸12排气门26和呼吸气门25关闭，使能量得到了充分的释放并同时推动两只气缸11、12内的活塞7、8向下运动。
主气缸11在排气时，联通气门24关闭，副气缸12的呼吸气门25关闭，副气缸12的排气门26打开。由于是一组的两只气缸11、12同时进行排气，大大减少了因排气而损耗的功。
联通气门24可以在爆炸做功时正时打开，更可以滞后1-5ms打开。主曲轴1和副曲轴2可以同角度同时运转，也可形成0—90度角同时旋转。联通气门24的打开时间与副曲轴2的旋转角度之间有个最佳的匹配时间。
各个气门在吸气、压缩、爆炸、排气过程中的工作状态和功能：
吸气过程：两只活塞同时由上止点向下止点运动时，吸气门21打开进行吸气和进油，排气门22、26、联通气门24关闭，呼吸气门25打开。
压缩过程：两只活塞同时由下止点向上止点运动时，吸气门21、排气门22、26、联通气门24关闭，呼吸气门25打开。
点火爆炸过程：两只活塞同时由上止点向下止点运动时，联通气门24打开，吸气门21、排气门22、26，呼吸气门25关闭。
排气过程：两只活塞同时由下止点向上止点运动时，排气门22、26打开，吸气门21、联通气门24，呼吸气门25关闭。
联通气门：联通气门24设在联通气道23上，在爆炸做功时打开，将主气缸11内的高温、高压、膨胀气体通过联通气道23，在一组的两只气缸11、12内充分燃烧、膨胀，并充分释放使两只气缸内的活塞7、8同时产生运动。主气缸在吸气、压缩、排气这三个过程联通气门24处于关闭状态。联通气门24开闭可采用机械方式（凸轮轴）或电动阀进行控制。
呼吸气门：主气缸11在吸气、压缩过程，副气缸12的呼吸气门25打开，目的是为了使副气缸12的活塞8在此过程做上下自吸自排空载运动，不增加负载，不消耗发动机的功率。主气缸11在爆炸、排气过程，副气缸12的呼吸气门25处于关闭状态。呼吸气门25自吸自排所需的空气是有独立的空气滤清系统进行过滤。
电动阀：电动阀27设在联通气道23上，通过电动阀27的开闭决定副气缸12是否参与主气缸11的做功，一般发动机在启动时电动阀27处于关闭状态，等发动机的主气缸11运行正常后打开电动阀27，副气缸12参与做功。电动阀的开闭时间是通过传感器或延时装置进行智能控制。
同步器：同步器28为齿轮结构，设在主、副曲轴1、2的一端或两端之间，通过同步器28齿轮的啮合使两根曲轴1、2同时、同速、同向旋转。
八冲程发动机由于采用双曲轴双排缸系统，两只活塞7、8同时做功，两根曲轴1、2同时旋转，副曲轴2不停地给主曲轴1助力并形成合力，使发动机运行更加连贯、平稳、顺畅且获得低转速大扭矩的动力输出。
八冲程发动机的工作形式为点燃式或压燃式即汽油机或柴油机；八冲程发动机由主气缸的四冲程系统和对应的副气缸的四冲程系统组成，还包括以下两种结构：
（1）一根曲轴，单排缸或双排缸：主气缸系统和副气缸系统均设在一根曲轴，每个主气缸和副气缸的活塞通过连杆与相对应的曲拐连接。每个主气缸和副气缸之间均设有联通气道总成，主气缸和副气缸排列的方式有： I 型或 V 型 ；
（2）三根曲轴，三排缸：其中主曲轴居中，两根副曲轴分别设在主曲轴的两侧，成平行位置，主曲轴和副曲轴一端或两端之间均设有同步器，由主曲轴动力输出；一列主气缸和两列副气缸内的活塞通过连杆与各自排列的主副曲轴相互对应连接；每个主气缸和副气缸之间均设有联通气道总成，主气缸和副气缸排列的方式有：III型或W型。
综上所述，八冲程发动机增设的副缸系统只在主气缸爆炸做功过程发挥作用，相当于延长发动机爆炸做功行程这一环节，在其他三个过程（吸气、压缩、排气）完全处于空载运动的状态。由此可见，副气缸系统功能在八冲程发动机整机系统中起到了只增加发动机功率，而自身几乎不消耗功率的作用，从而使发动机的功率实现最大化。
本发明的有益效果：八冲程发动机让能量发挥到极致并实现了充分的利用，不仅起到了增加功率、效率和节能环保排放的作用，而且使发动机运转更加平稳，噪音更低、使用寿命更长，舒适性更佳。
附图说明
图1：本发明曲轴排列示意图。
图2：本发明气缸排列示意图。
图3：八冲程发动机剖面图。
图4：联通气道总成剖面图。
图5：发动机吸气过程各个气门的状态图。
图6：发动机压缩过程各个气门的状态图。
图7：发动机爆炸做功过程各个气门的状态图。
图8：发动机排气过程各个气门的状态图。
图9：同步器示意图。
图10：呼吸气门凸轮示意图。
具体实施方式
如图所示，八冲程发动机的装置：由主曲轴1，副曲轴2，连杆3、4，活塞销5、6，活塞7、8，活塞环9、10，主气缸11、13、15、17，副气缸12、14、16、18，喷油嘴19，火花塞20，吸气门21，排气门22、26，联通气道23，联通气门24，呼吸气门25，电动阀（电磁阀）27，同步器28， 呼吸气门凸轮轴29，阀桥30。
曲轴箱内设有两根完全一样的曲轴1、2平行放置，曲轴1为主曲轴并设有输出端，曲轴2为副曲轴，由同步器28使两根曲轴同时、同速、同向旋转。
主气缸一列11、13、15、17副气缸一列12、14、16、18依次按序号呈直线、呈横向平行排列。活塞7、8通过连杆3、4与两根曲轴1、2相互对应连接，主气缸11与相对应的副气缸 12通过联通气道23形成互连互通称之为一组，其它气缸组以此类推。主气缸和副气缸的排列形式为： II 型或 V 型。
缸头设有吸气门21、排气门22、26、联通气道23、联通气门24、呼吸气门25、火花塞20、喷油嘴19以及与各个气门相对应的顶置凸轮轴或挺杆/摇臂、润滑系统和进气道、排气道、回油道等。
有电磁 联通气道23设在每个主气缸和副气缸活塞上止点以上空间的任何一个位置（缸头），将主、副气缸形成互联互通。
联通气道23上设有联通气门24和电动阀27组成联通气道总成，联通气门24和电动阀27各自按设定的工作程序进行开闭。
每组气缸的缸头均设有五个气门和五根顶置凸轮轴或挺杆/摇臂，各个气门组按照八冲程发动机的工作程序进行开闭。
同步器28为齿轮结构，设在主、副曲轴1、2的一端或两端之间，通过同步器28齿轮的啮合使两根曲轴同时、同速、同向旋转。
同步器28为齿轮结构，设在主、副曲轴1、2的一端或两端之间，通过同步器28齿轮的啮合使两根曲轴同时、同速、同向旋转。
同步器28为齿轮结构，设在主、副曲轴1、2的一端或两端之间，通过同步器28齿轮的啮合使两根曲轴同时、同速、同向旋转。
呼吸气门25：主气缸11在吸气、压缩过程，副气缸12的呼吸气门25是打开状态；主气缸11在爆炸、排气过程，副气缸12的呼吸气门25是关闭状态，根据呼吸气门25的运动轨迹，其特征是 180±20度的扇形凸轮轴形状，呼吸气门25的开闭由凸轮轴29进行控制。
本发明所涉及到的副缸的容积为主气缸的10-200%。
附图描述的是八冲程发动机的工作原理与实施例示意图，在实际运用当中根据本发明八冲程发动机的方法，以任何一种形式布局，并不超出本发明范畴。

Claims (10)

  1. 八冲程发动机，其特征是由主气缸的四冲程系统和对应的副气缸的四冲程系统组成；包括主副曲轴（1、2），连杆（3、4），活塞（7、8）与主副气缸（11、12）总成，吸气门（21），排气门（22、26），联通气门（24）和呼吸气门（25）总成以及冷却系和润滑系；只有主气缸（11）设有点火和供燃料总成，每个主气缸（11）与对应副气缸（12）通过联通气道（23）形成互连互通称之为一组，联通气道（23）上由联通气门（24）和电动阀（27）按设定的工作程序进行开闭；主气缸（11）与对应的副气缸（12）内的活塞（7、8）通过连杆（3、4）分别与主曲轴（1）和副曲轴（2）相连接，两根曲轴（1、2）之间设有同步器（28），通过同步器（28）的啮合使两根曲轴（1、2）同时、同速、同向旋转，在爆炸做功时一组气缸内的两只活塞（7、8），通过连杆（3、4）使两根曲轴（1、2）同时产生旋转并形成合力，由主曲轴（1）进行动力输出；主气缸系统以吸气、压缩、爆炸、排气冲程工作；副气缸系统按：吸气、排气、爆炸、排气冲程工作；
    主气缸（11）在吸气、压缩时，联通气门（24）关闭，副气缸（12）的呼吸气门（25）打开，副气缸（12）做自吸自排，空载运动；主气缸（11）在爆炸做功时，联通气门（24）打开，主气缸（11）内形成的高温、高压、膨胀气体，通过联通气道（23）瞬间导入副气缸（12），副气缸（12）的排气门（26）和呼吸气门（25）关闭；主气缸（11）在排气时，联通气门（24）关闭，副气缸的呼吸气门关闭，副气缸（12）的排气门（26）打开。
  2. 八冲程发动机，其特征是八冲程发动机的工作形式为：点燃式和压燃式即汽油机和柴油机；八冲程发动机由主气缸的四冲程系统和对应的副气缸的四冲程系统组成，包括以下两种结构：
    （1）一根曲轴，单排缸或双排缸：主气缸系统和副气缸系统均设在一根曲轴，每个主气缸和副气缸的活塞通过连杆与相对应的曲拐连接。每个主气缸和副气缸之间均设有联通气道总成，主气缸和副气缸排列的方式有： I 型或 V 型；
    （2）三根曲轴，三排缸：其中主曲轴居中，两根副曲轴分别设在主曲轴的两侧，成平行位置，主曲轴和副曲轴一端或两端之间均设有同步器，由主曲轴动力输出；一列主气缸和两列副气缸内的活塞通过连杆与各自排列的主副曲轴相互对应连接；每个主气缸和副气缸之间均设有联通气道总成，主气缸和副气缸排列的方式有：III 型或 W 型。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的八冲程发动机，其特征是同步器（28）为齿轮结构，设在主副曲轴（1、2）的一端或两端之间，通过同步器（28）的齿轮的啮合使两根曲轴（1、2）同时、同速、同向旋转。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的八冲程发动机，其特征是联通气道（23）设在每个主气缸和副气缸活塞上止点以上空间的任何一个位置（缸头），将主、副气缸形成互联互通。联通气道（23）上设有电动阀（27）和联通气门（24）构成联通气道总成。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的八冲程发动机，其特征是联通气门（24）打开的时间与主气缸（11）的爆炸时间同步或滞后1-5ms，联通气门（24）关闭时间与主气缸（11）的排气时间同步。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的八冲程发动机，其特征是主曲轴和副曲轴同角度同时运转，主曲轴和副曲轴或形成0—90度角同时旋转。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的八冲程发动机，其特征是控制呼吸气门开闭的凸轮轴的凸轮（29）形状为180±20度的扇形。呼吸气门（25）的开闭时间：主气缸（11）在吸气、压缩时副气缸的呼吸气门（25）打开，主气缸（11）在爆炸、排气时副气缸的呼吸气门（25）关闭。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的八冲程发动机，其特征是副气缸容积是主气缸容积的10—200%。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的八冲程发动机，其特征是双曲轴双排缸的多缸机组，主气缸一列与副气缸一列呈横向平行位置，每个主气缸（11）和副气缸（12）之间均设有联通气道（23），主曲轴（1）和副曲轴（2）的一端或两端均设有同步器（28），主气缸和副气缸的排列方式有：II型或V型。
  10. 八冲程发动机的设置方法，其特征是对四冲程发动机的每只气缸均增设与之相对应的副气缸，主气缸与副气缸横向平行，相对应的主气缸（11）和副气缸（12）通过联通气道（23）形成互连互通称之为一组，主气缸（11）在爆炸做功时，打开联通气门（24）使主气缸（11）燃烧的高温、高压、膨胀气体通过联通气道（23）瞬间导入副气缸（12），副气缸（12）的排气门（26）和呼吸气门（25）关闭，在一组主和副两只气缸（11、12）内充分燃烧、膨胀并充分释放使主副两只气缸（11、12）内的活塞（7、8）运动做功。
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