WO2013104603A1 - Detection d'un dysfonctionnement dans un accumulateur electrochimique - Google Patents
Detection d'un dysfonctionnement dans un accumulateur electrochimique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013104603A1 WO2013104603A1 PCT/EP2013/050188 EP2013050188W WO2013104603A1 WO 2013104603 A1 WO2013104603 A1 WO 2013104603A1 EP 2013050188 W EP2013050188 W EP 2013050188W WO 2013104603 A1 WO2013104603 A1 WO 2013104603A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- accumulator
- electrochemical accumulator
- sensor
- magnetic field
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobarium;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron Chemical compound [Ba]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100446679 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FLC1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002885 antiferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
-
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to storage batteries including a large number of electrochemical accumulators.
- Some accumulators are in the form of cylindrical spiral generators. Such an accumulator includes an electrochemical bundle included in a spiral coil.
- the spool is formed of the winding of a positive electrode and a negative electrode alternating with first and second layers forming separators.
- the separators serve to electrically isolate the positive electrode from the negative electrode. Separators are also used to isolate the positive and negative outer portions of the accumulator respectively.
- the spool is usually housed in a cylindrical sealed metal cup. One side of the metal cup forms the negative pole.
- the bobbin is bathed in an electrolyte that allows ion exchange.
- a cover is connected, generally by soldering, to the positive electrode via a connection and forms the positive pole.
- the lid is electrically isolated from the bucket.
- Such accumulators Because of the increasingly common use of such accumulators, their manufacturing process is better and better controlled. Such accumulators thus have high reliability. The use of such accumulators is therefore favored for batteries requiring a high level of security and a large number of accumulators. Such batteries are notably produced on a large scale to power laptops.
- the batteries especially according to the lithium ion technology, have an ever increasing specific energy. Technologically, such accumulators have a limited voltage at their terminals, of the order of 2 to 4 V in most cases. In high voltage and high power applications, the batteries must include a very large number of accumulators connected in series. To facilitate the manipulation and sizing of batteries, the capacity of a battery is adapted by connecting in parallel an adequate number of accumulators. Therefore, such batteries increase the risk of occurrence of a short circuit, with consequences all the more important that the specific energy is high and that the malfunction can spread to a high number of accumulators. Thus, the short-circuited battery can be confronted with thermal runaway with fusion of its various components. This thermal runaway can spread to adjacent accumulators and the system that powers it.
- the invention aims to solve one or more of these disadvantages.
- the invention thus relates to an electrochemical accumulator and to a feed system as defined in the appended claims.
- Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limitative, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- FIG 1 is a sectional view of an example of accumulator for which the invention can be implemented
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic sectional view of a local short-circuit at a separator
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an accumulator provided with a first variant of a temperature measuring device for early detection of a short circuit
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the temperatures measured by probes respectively inside and outside of an accumulator at the short-circuit during validation tests of the measuring device;
- FIG. 5 illustrates the inverse of the magnetic susceptibility of LiFePO 4 as a function of the temperature
- FIG. 6 illustrates a magnetic field differential measured by the measuring device during a validation test
- FIG. 7 illustrates the temperature measured by the probe outside the accumulator during the validation test
- FIG 8 is a schematic representation of a battery including accumulators according to the invention.
- FIG. 9 is an example of a hysteresis cycle of ferromagnetic material
- FIG. 10 illustrates the saturation magnetic field of an example of ferromagnetic material as a function of its temperature
- FIG. 11 illustrates the saturation polarization and the anisotropic field of a hexagonal barium ferrite
- FIG 12 is a schematic representation of an accumulator provided with a second variant of temperature measuring device for early detection of a short circuit.
- the invention proposes to measure the temperature inside the housing of an electrochemical accumulator including ferromagnetic material by performing a remanent magnetic field measurement of this ferromagnetic material from outside the housing.
- the invention makes it possible to carry out a temperature measurement without reducing the tightness of the housing and with increased speed, which makes it possible to reduce the consequences of a possible short-circuit in the accumulator.
- Ferromagnetic materials exhibit a substantially invariant magnetic susceptibility and a generally non-magnetic magnetization. linear in response to the application of a magnetic field.
- the magnetization characteristic of a ferromagnetic material is thus usually defined by a diagram as illustrated in FIG. 9. The full curve of the first magnetization is illustrated in solid lines, and the hysteresis cycle of such a material.
- the magnetization increases until saturation to a value Ms.
- a residual magnetization or residual Mr is then preserved.
- the magnetization eventually reaches a saturation value -Ms.
- the remanent magnetization -Mr is then retained.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the value Ms for an example of ferromagnetic material such as cobalt, as a function of a ratio T / Tc.
- T corresponds to the temperature of the material
- Te corresponds to its Curie temperature, from which any remanent magnetization disappears.
- the value of the remanent magnetization Mr being proportional to the value Ms, it is also a function of the temperature of the material.
- the invention proposes to take advantage of the influence of temperature on the remanent magnetization to determine a temperature inside an accumulator case from a remanent magnetic field measurement from the outside of the case. .
- systems based on a measurement of magnetization of a ferromagnetic material are based on the measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of the material and thus assume the choice of a material having the lowest residual field possible.
- the invention encourages the use of a material for which the remanent magnetic field is as high as possible.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an electrochemical accumulator 3.
- This accumulator 3 is in this case a spiral accumulator of cylindrical shape.
- Such an accumulator 3 includes a spiral coil.
- the accumulator 3 comprises a bucket or cylindrical housing 301 in which is housed the spiral wound coil of the electrodes.
- the bucket or cylindrical housing 301 is typically conductive.
- the cylindrical cup 301 can be made of metal and be waterproof.
- the coiled coil comprises a rectangular flexible plate of negative electrode 31, a rectangular plate of positive electrode 33 and two separators 32 and 34.
- the separators 32 and 34 can be formed in the same folded layer at one end.
- the electrodes 31 and 33 and the separators 32 and 34 are wound around the axis of the cylindrical cup 301.
- the electrodes 31 and 32 and the separators 32 and 34 are wound around an insulating shaft 35.
- This insulating shaft 35 is fixed in the central part of the accumulator 3.
- the winding is made in such a way as to perform alternating positive-separator-negative electrode-electrode layers separator.
- Each separator 32, 34 serves to electrically isolate the positive electrode 33 from the negative electrode 31.
- the separators 32 and 34 can also be used to isolate the positive and negative outer portions of the accumulator 3 respectively.
- the coil is immersed in an electrolyte which allows ion exchange.
- a lower face of the bucket 301 forms the negative pole.
- a positive pole 302 is connected, generally by soldering, to the positive electrode 33 via a connection 37 and a cover 38.
- the positive pole 302 and the cover 38 are electrically isolated from the bucket 301.
- a part 303 of the separators 32 and 34 protrudes axially to prevent contact between the electrodes 31 and 33.
- spacers 36 project axially with respect to the electrodes 31, 33 and The spacers 36 support the connection 37.
- the spacers 36 may be formed by protrusions of the central turns of the separators 32 and 34. Thus, the spacers 36 prevent the connection 37 from accidentally coming into contact with the electrode. negative 31.
- Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a layer superposition of the coil in an example of a local short circuit.
- the separator 32 interposed between the negative electrode 31 and the positive electrode 33 has a through orifice 39.
- An electric current is established between the electrode 33 and the electrode 31 through the orifice 39, as illustrated by the arrows.
- the current flowing through the orifice 39 can have a very high amplitude and lead to a heating of the electrodes 31, 33 and the film 32.
- the heating can induce chain damage within the battery 3. Destruction of the battery 3 may induce sufficient heating to spread to other accumulators adjacent to the rest of a battery or the system to be powered.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a simulation of malfunctions of an accumulator 3.
- the dashed curve illustrates the temperature inside the accumulator 3 at the level of a short circuit and the line curve.
- solid illustrates the temperature measured by a thermocouple type sensor conventionally disposed outside the housing 301.
- the simulated cycle comprises a first heating phase, followed by a second cooling phase. The measurements were performed by including a controlled heating resistor inside the housing 301.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an accumulator 3 according to an exemplary implementation of the invention.
- the battery 3 may have the structure shown in Figure 1 and thus comprise a housing including two electrodes of opposite polarities immersed in an electrolyte.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode can thus each include respective conductive films.
- the conductive films of these electrodes may be alternately superposed and separated by at least one insulating separator film.
- the electrode films and the separator films can be superposed alternately in a winding around an axis, so as to form a battery 3 in the form of a coil.
- Ferromagnetic material is contained in the housing.
- the ferromagnetic material is for example included in one or both electrodes, in order to increase the amplitude of the remanent magnetic field generated.
- a lithium-ion-type accumulator 3 contains LiFePO 4, which is an antiferromagnetic material whose susceptibility is low compared to that of certain ferromagnetic materials.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the inverse of the magnetic susceptibility of LiFePO 4 on the ordinate as a function of its temperature on the abscissa.
- the ferromagnetic material already present in a lithium-ion battery is sensitive to temperature, which modifies its magnetization to make it very weak when approaching the Curie temperature.
- additional ferromagnetic material may be included in the accumulator.
- additional material will advantageously have a Curie temperature of less than 600 ° C., preferably less than 400 ° C. With such a Curie temperature, a good measurement sensitivity will be available at the temperature rise.
- at least one of the two electrodes may include additional ferromagnetic material. This material will advantageously be chosen for the high amplitude of its remanent magnetic field or its coercive field Hc.
- One of the two electrodes may thus include barium ferrite or strontium ferrite.
- the accumulator 3 comprises a magnetic sensor 1 1 placed outside the housing of the accumulator 3.
- the implantation of the magnetic sensor January 1 thus does not disturb the sealing of the accumulator 3 and does not increase the risks occurrence of a short circuit in the housing.
- the magnetic sensor 1 1 is capable of measuring the variations of magnetic fields inside the 3.
- the sensor 1 1 is advantageously coupled to the housing of the battery 3 to have a maximum sensitivity to the variations of magnetic fields inside the housing of the battery 3. In the absence of application of a magnetic field of magnetization from the outside, the sensor 1 1 thus measures the accumulation of the ambient magnetic field and the remanent magnetic field of the interior of the housing.
- the senor 1 1 is advantageously configured to essentially measure the magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the accumulator and reject the magnetic field along the axis of this accumulator 3.
- the sensor 1 1 is less responsive to the charging or discharging currents of the accumulator 3 during normal operation, at the origin of a magnetic field along the axis of the accumulator 3.
- the variation of the remanent magnetic field generated by the heating of the ferromagnetic material will be generally observable in one direction.
- Such a field variation will be well measured by a sensor January 1 capable of measuring the radial component of the magnetic field inside the housing as soon as it can align in the direction of said field.
- a large magnetization of the accumulator 3 is performed prior to its commissioning, in order to obtain a significant level of the remanent magnetic field of the ferromagnetic material.
- This prior magnetization can define a non-isotropic remanent magnetic field of the ferromagnetic material, with a dominant orientation.
- the sensor 1 1 is advantageously positioned to measure the remanent magnetic field according to this dominant orientation.
- the accumulator 3 includes a circuit 13 configured to determine the temperature inside the housing as a function of the measured residual magnetic field. This temperature can be determined on the basis of a temperature law as a function of the measured remanent magnetic field which can be stored in the circuit 1 3. This law can be extrapolated from a curve such as that illustrated in FIG. 0.
- Figure 11 also illustrates the saturation polarization and anisotropy field versus temperature for hexagonal barium ferrite. Such a diagram can also be used to determine the temperature inside the housing as a function of the measured remanent magnetic field.
- the battery 3 includes a second magnetic sensor 1 2 also placed outside the housing.
- This magnetic sensor 1 2 has a sensitivity to the magnetic field inside the lower housing to that of the sensor 1 January.
- This sensitivity to the magnetic field inside the housing of the sensor 1 2 is advantageously substantially zero.
- the sensor 1 2 thus measures the ambient field, to take account, for example, of the earth's magnetic field.
- Such a lower sensitivity can be obtained by moving the sensor 1 2 away from the battery 3 or by separating it from the battery 3 by through a shield.
- the circuit 1 3 advantageously makes a differential measurement between the magnetic field measured by the sensor 1 1 and the magnetic field measured by the sensor 1 2.
- the circuit 1 3 can apply a transfer function between the sensors 1 1 and 1 2, for example according to a noise reduction technique with references, such as Wiener filtering.
- a noise reduction technique with references, such as Wiener filtering.
- Wiener filtering for relatively weak magnetic fields inside the housing, it is possible to obtain a measurement of the variation of this remanent field generated by a possible heating in a relatively precise manner, by rejecting the influence of the surrounding magnetic field of the accumulator.
- the accumulator 3 comprises a single sensor 1 1 attached to its housing. This sensor 1 1 is advantageously disposed at mid length along the axis of the accumulator 3, in order to optimally detect temperature increases in the housing over the entire length of the accumulator 3.
- Several magnetic sensors 1 1 may of course be distributed radially around the accumulator 3, or along the axis of the accumulator 3.
- the accumulator 3 advantageously comprises a magnetization device 14 of the interior of the housing.
- the magnetization device 14 is for example configured to generate a magnetic field oriented perpendicularly to the axis of the accumulator 3, prior to measurement by the sensor January 1.
- the magnetization device 14 is configured to generate a magnetic field inside the housing of the accumulator 3 on command, dynamically.
- the magnetizer 14 may include a coil configured to apply magnetic field within the housing only when this coil is electrically powered.
- the circuit 1 3 is configured to alternate the supply of such a coil (and thus the generation of the magnetization magnetic field of the ferromagnetic material) and the recovery of a magnetic field measurement made by the sensor 1 1 ( and if necessary the sensor 1 2).
- the magnetic field measurement taken into account by the sensor 1 1 (and optionally the sensor 12) corresponds to the remanent magnetic field of the ferromagnetic material inside the housing, used to determine the temperature inside the the accumulator 3.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the difference of the magnetic fields measured by the magnetic sensors 1 1 and 12.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the temperature measured in simultaneous during the cycle illustrated in Figure 4 by a thermocouple outside the housing.
- the sensors 1 1 and 1 2 used are flow gates (known as fluxgates in English) marketed under the reference FLC1 00 by Stefan Mayer Instruments.
- the differential between the measured magnetic fields (corresponding to the remanent magnetic field) increases rapidly and then gradually decreases as the inside of the battery casing 3 warms up.
- the differential between the measured magnetic fields decreases rapidly, then progressively increases as the inside of the battery casing 3 cools down.
- the differential between the magnetic fields returns to its original value, with a difference of only 25nT.
- thermocouple While it is necessary to immerse a thermocouple in the accumulator 3 to carry out a significant thermal measurement and to identify a possible malfunction, a temperature measurement according to the invention makes it possible to identify a malfunction without altering the integrity of the device. the accumulator 3 and in a reduced time.
- FIG 8 illustrates a power supply system 1.
- a battery 2 comprises several electrochemical accumulators 3 according to the invention.
- An electric charge 5 is connected to the terminals of the battery 2 by means of a controlled switch 1 5.
- Each accumulator 3 comprises a magnetic sensor 1 1 measuring the remanent magnetic field inside its housing.
- the sensors 1 1 are connected to a common control circuit 13.
- the common control circuit 1 3 advantageously controls the respective magnetization devices of the accumulators 3.
- a common magnetic sensor 1 2 measures the surrounding magnetic field of the battery 2. a differential measurement between each of the remanent magnetic fields measured by the sensors 1 1 and the sensor 1 2, the control circuit 1 3 deduces the temperature inside the housing of each of the accumulators 3.
- the common control circuit 1 3 advantageously controls the prior application of a magnetization magnetic field by means of the magnetization device 14.
- the control circuit 1 3 then controls the magnetization device 14 to suppress the magnetic field applied by it.
- the remnant magnetic field is then measured by differential measurement of the sensors 1 1 and 12, in the absence of the magnetization magnetic field.
- the control circuit 13 can control the opening of the switch 15 to interrupt the discharge of the battery 2 in the electric charge 5.
- the control circuit 13 can thus limit the consequences of a short circuit inside one of the accumulators 3.
- the control circuit 13 thus ensures the supervision of the operation of the accumulators 3.
- the electric charge 5 is decoupled from the entire battery 2 by means of the switch 15. It is also possible to isolate only an accumulator 3, a malfunction of which has been identified by disconnecting it from the others. accumulators of the battery 2, in order to avoid a discharge of the other accumulators towards it, and guaranteeing the continuity of service of the battery 2. Switches can thus be included in the battery 2 in order to be able to isolate each of the accumulators 3 by a command of the circuit 13.
- the normal operating temperature is up to 60 ° C or 80 ° C. Beyond the normal operating temperature, the performance of the battery deteriorates strongly and can become dangerous. Up to a safety temperature of 1 10 ° C, or even 130 ° C, the phenomenon is however reversible. Beyond this safety temperature, there is a phenomenon of thermal runaway.
- the circuit 13 can thus be programmed to generate a first warning signal and to isolate a battery 2 when its temperature is higher than the normal operating temperature, and to generate a second warning signal when the temperature of this battery 2 is greater than the safety temperature for example to activate a fire extinguisher or flooding in an inert gas.
- the accumulator 3 is a coil accumulator in the illustrated example, the invention naturally also applies to other battery structures, for example an accumulator comprising a stack of electrode and separator films. .
- an accumulator may in particular have a non-cylindrical shape.
- the accumulator may for example be prismatic type and include a stack of flat layers of electrodes and separators.
- the safety of a battery 3 has been described in the context of a discharge of the latter in an electric charge.
- the safety of a battery 3 can of course also be performed when it is connected to a charging system.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13700502.1A EP2803100A1 (fr) | 2012-01-09 | 2013-01-08 | Detection d'un dysfonctionnement dans un accumulateur electrochimique |
KR1020147021953A KR20140117492A (ko) | 2012-01-09 | 2013-01-08 | 전기화학적 어큐뮬레이터 내의 고장 검출 |
JP2014550716A JP2015510657A (ja) | 2012-01-09 | 2013-01-08 | 電気化学アキュムレータの異常検出 |
US14/371,356 US20150022159A1 (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2013-01-08 | Detection of a malfunction in an electrochemical accumulator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1250191A FR2985613A1 (fr) | 2012-01-09 | 2012-01-09 | Detection d'un dysfonctionnement dans un accumulateur electrochimique |
FR1250191 | 2012-01-09 |
Publications (1)
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WO2013104603A1 true WO2013104603A1 (fr) | 2013-07-18 |
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PCT/EP2013/050188 WO2013104603A1 (fr) | 2012-01-09 | 2013-01-08 | Detection d'un dysfonctionnement dans un accumulateur electrochimique |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20150022159A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2803100A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2015510657A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20140117492A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2985613A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013104603A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
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WO2014152650A1 (fr) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-25 | California Institute Of Technology | Détection d'anomalies dans des unités d'énergie électriques et électrochimiques |
US11165106B2 (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2021-11-02 | StoreDot Ltd. | Optical communication through transparent pouches of lithium ion batteries |
CN116130801A (zh) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-16 | 华为终端有限公司 | 电池、电池模组、电池系统和电池热异常报警方法 |
CN115248236A (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-10-28 | 青岛大学 | 一种原位磁电测试装置及方法 |
CN114597518B (zh) * | 2022-03-16 | 2023-06-23 | 广汽埃安新能源汽车有限公司 | 一种电池热失控的触发装置 |
CN117638235A (zh) * | 2022-08-18 | 2024-03-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | 电芯、电池模组、电池、电子设备、移动装置和储能装置 |
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EP2099112A2 (fr) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-09-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Équipement de traitement d'informations et circuit intégré |
WO2009146547A1 (fr) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Cadex Electronics Inc. | Procédés et appareil de test de batterie |
WO2010091170A1 (fr) * | 2009-02-05 | 2010-08-12 | Magna-Lastic Devices, Inc. | Détecteur de l'état de charge d'une batterie |
WO2010093444A2 (fr) * | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-19 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Etat magnétique d'un capteur de charge pour une batterie |
DE102009018079A1 (de) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-21 | Li-Tec Battery Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Batterie |
US20110156497A1 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-06-30 | Ultralife Corporation | System and method for activating an isolated device |
US20110199079A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Alps Green Devices Co., Ltd. | Current sensor and battery with current sensor |
US20120086457A1 (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-04-12 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Temperature compensation for magnetic determination method for the state of charge of a battery |
Family Cites Families (1)
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GB8905708D0 (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1989-04-26 | Yuasa Battery Uk Ltd | Battery monitoring |
-
2012
- 2012-01-09 FR FR1250191A patent/FR2985613A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-01-08 JP JP2014550716A patent/JP2015510657A/ja active Pending
- 2013-01-08 WO PCT/EP2013/050188 patent/WO2013104603A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-01-08 KR KR1020147021953A patent/KR20140117492A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-01-08 US US14/371,356 patent/US20150022159A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-01-08 EP EP13700502.1A patent/EP2803100A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
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EP2099112A2 (fr) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-09-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Équipement de traitement d'informations et circuit intégré |
WO2009146547A1 (fr) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Cadex Electronics Inc. | Procédés et appareil de test de batterie |
WO2010091170A1 (fr) * | 2009-02-05 | 2010-08-12 | Magna-Lastic Devices, Inc. | Détecteur de l'état de charge d'une batterie |
WO2010093444A2 (fr) * | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-19 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Etat magnétique d'un capteur de charge pour une batterie |
DE102009018079A1 (de) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-21 | Li-Tec Battery Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Batterie |
US20110156497A1 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-06-30 | Ultralife Corporation | System and method for activating an isolated device |
US20110199079A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Alps Green Devices Co., Ltd. | Current sensor and battery with current sensor |
US20120086457A1 (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-04-12 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Temperature compensation for magnetic determination method for the state of charge of a battery |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2985613A1 (fr) | 2013-07-12 |
KR20140117492A (ko) | 2014-10-07 |
US20150022159A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
JP2015510657A (ja) | 2015-04-09 |
EP2803100A1 (fr) | 2014-11-19 |
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