WO2013097368A1 - 一种射频功率放大器的保护方法及rru - Google Patents

一种射频功率放大器的保护方法及rru Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013097368A1
WO2013097368A1 PCT/CN2012/072938 CN2012072938W WO2013097368A1 WO 2013097368 A1 WO2013097368 A1 WO 2013097368A1 CN 2012072938 W CN2012072938 W CN 2012072938W WO 2013097368 A1 WO2013097368 A1 WO 2013097368A1
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Prior art keywords
power amplifier
radio frequency
frequency power
threshold
digital
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PCT/CN2012/072938
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王蕾
张作锋
戴征坚
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013097368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013097368A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/52Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/189High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/24Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
    • H03F3/245Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages with semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/447Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being protected to temperature influence

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of system security assurance of a remote radio unit (RRU), and more particularly to a method and a RRU for protecting a radio frequency power amplifier.
  • RRU remote radio unit
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a radio frequency power amplifier protection method and a remote radio frequency unit to realize comprehensive protection of the radio frequency power amplifier in the entire workflow.
  • the present invention uses the following technical solutions:
  • a remote radio unit includes: an RF power amplifier and a control module, wherein
  • the control module is electrically connected to the radio frequency power amplifier, and configured to: monitor a status of the data link in real time, and if the data link is abnormal, monitor the gain of the data link to be minimum or smaller. A wide value.
  • the remote radio unit further includes: a digital predistorter, a detection module, and a protection module, wherein the control module is further electrically connected to the digital predistorter, the detection module and the protection module and the control module, the The digital predistorter is electrically connected to the radio frequency power amplifier, wherein:
  • the detecting module is configured to: detect a pre-distortion signal and a pre-distorted signal of the digital predistorter and a feedback signal of the radio frequency power amplifier in real time;
  • the protection module is configured to: turn off the radio frequency power amplifier if the detection module detects that any one of the three signals has a peak value greater than a threshold.
  • the protection module is further configured to: adjust a simulated attenuation of the digital link to a maximum or greater than a second threshold, and trigger the control module;
  • the control module is further configured to: adjust the gain of the digital link to be minimum or less than the first threshold after being triggered.
  • the detecting module is further configured to: continue to collect the pre-distortion signal and the pre-distorted signal, and detect any one of the pre-distortion signal and the pre-distortion signal in a predetermined number of sets Whether a peak has appeared above the threshold;
  • the protection module is further configured to: turn on the radio frequency power amplifier if the detection module detects that a peak greater than the threshold has not occurred.
  • the protection module is further configured to: trigger the control module during the opening of the radio frequency power amplifier, and adaptively adjust the analog attenuation, and gradually increase the output power of the radio frequency power amplifier until the output power reaches rated power;
  • the control module is further configured to: adjust the gain of the digital link to a nominal digital gain after being triggered.
  • a method for protecting a radio frequency power amplifier which is applied to any of the remote radio units described above, including:
  • the protection method also includes: Detecting a pre-distortion pre-signal, a pre-distorted signal, and a feedback signal of the radio frequency power amplifier in the data link in real time;
  • the RF power amplifier is turned off if any of the above three signals is detected to have a peak greater than the threshold.
  • the steps of turning off the RF power amplifier include:
  • the analog attenuation of the digital link is adjusted to a maximum or greater than a second threshold.
  • the protection method further includes:
  • the pre-distortion pre-distortion signal and the pre-distorted post signal are continuously collected;
  • the RF power amplifier is turned on if, in a predetermined number of sets, the pre-distortion signal and the pre-distorted signal do not exhibit a peak greater than the threshold.
  • the protection method further includes:
  • the above RF power amplifier protection method and the remote RF unit can detect the state of the system in real time during the startup, during operation, and abnormal recovery, and monitor the state of the RF power amplifier to avoid any abnormality of the RF power amplifier in the system. burn.
  • the above technical solutions are applicable to various RRU models, improve the working safety of the RF power amplifier in the system, and ensure that the system operates normally.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an RRU according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for protecting a radio frequency power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of powering on an RRU according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 4 is a flowchart of processing an abnormality of an RRU in a power-on process according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of restoring power-on of an RRU according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of powering on an RRU according to an application example of the present invention. Preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an RRU according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the RRU of this embodiment is added.
  • the control module, the detection module and the protection module are as shown in FIG. 1 , wherein the control module is electrically connected to the digital predistorter and the RF power amplifier, and the detection module and the protection module are electrically connected to the control module, the digital predistorter and the RF power amplifier. , among them,
  • the signal source is configured to: generate a transmit signal
  • the digital predistorter is configured to: be in a digital transmit link to improve nonlinear distortion of the RF power amplifier, and improve an ACPR (Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio) indicator of the system;
  • the control module is configured to: be at the final stage of the digital transmit link, before the DAC input, to adjust the digital link gain, change the signal size of the input DAC, and then adjust the input signal size of the PA; the detection module is set to: Monitor the working status of the PA;
  • the protection module is configured to: when the PA is likely to be damaged, generate a control signal to quickly turn off the PA;
  • the DAC is configured to: convert the digital signal into an analog signal input PA;
  • the ADC is configured to: convert the feedback link analog signal collected by the digital signal into a digital signal, thereby facilitating signal processing;
  • the radio frequency power amplifier is configured to: the system amplifies the radio frequency signal.
  • the control module is configured to: monitor the status of the data link in real time, and if the data link is abnormal, adjust the gain of the data link to be the minimum or less than the first threshold.
  • the detecting module is configured to: detect a pre-distortion signal and a pre-distortion signal of the digital predistorter and a feedback signal of the PA in real time;
  • the protection module is configured to: turn off the PA if the detection module detects that any one of the three signals has a peak value greater than a threshold.
  • the RF power amplifier can be quickly turned off, and the digital link gain can be minimized. Then, in the case of abnormal recovery, based on the idea of slow small step increase, adaptive The stepping algorithm gradually pushes the RF power amplifier to the rated power to fully protect the PA.
  • the PA is turned off, the DAC has no input signal, and the default value of the attenuator on the PA input link is maximized; the software version of each module in the link is loaded and initialized. Each module generates a flag signal that initializes normally or not;
  • the digital link control module operates by first extracting the flag signals of each module for logical operation, and the obtained link is normal or abnormal. If the link is abnormal, the abnormal information is printed and processed according to different abnormal information; if the link is normal, then The digital gain can be configured to scale back by 3dB for the scaling gain, allowing the DAC to have a small signal input.
  • the detection module collects data and detects whether the data PA status is normal in real time.
  • the protection module adaptively calculates the stepping and configuration of the attenuator according to the difference between the PA output power and the rated power according to the PA power-on process. Attenuator.
  • the attenuator is configured by halving each step, so that the power increase is small, and the power amplifier can be controlled to reach the rated power stably.
  • the system runs stably, and the detection module monitors the PA status in real time. If abnormal data occurs, the protection module generates a control signal to quickly turn off the PA and communicate with the control module to adjust the digital link gain to the minimum gain or Less than a threshold;
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for protecting a radio frequency power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the method includes the following steps:
  • Sl l Real-time monitoring of the status of the data link. If the data link is abnormal, the gain of the data link is adjusted to be the minimum or less than the first threshold.
  • the signal source generates a transmission signal, and the signal is converted by a digital predistorter and digital-to-analog, and then passed through a power amplifier analog link to a feedback analog-to-digital conversion.
  • the PA state detection and protection module collects the pre-distortion pre-signal (X), after pre-distortion. Signal (Z), PA feedback signal (Y) and store the signal after the delay is aligned.
  • control module obtains the link condition based on the input flag variable operation. If the link is abnormal, the link digital gain is minimized and the abnormal information is printed. It can avoid abnormal data entering the amplifier under abnormal conditions and causing damage to the power amplifier.
  • the detecting module performs signal average power calculation and peak statistics on the signals after the delay alignment (X ⁇ sample data, Y sample data, Z sample data), and if the average power calculation result indicates that the power output of the power amplifier does not reach the rated power, Then enter the power-on process, adaptively calculate the adjustment step of the analog attenuator until the power output of the amplifier reaches the rated power.
  • This process is shown in Figure 3, including the following steps:
  • Step 41 Collect X, Y, and ⁇ data
  • Step 42 Calculate the power of the comparison data of X, ⁇ , and ;; Step 43, determine Y average power is less than the rated power, and if so, go to step 44, otherwise go to step 42;
  • Step 44 output adjusting the analog attenuator control signal
  • Step 45 Calculating a simulated attenuator step value according to a control signal adaptive algorithm
  • Step 46 Configure the analog attenuator attenuation value in a single step, and then go to step 42.
  • the single step configuration allows the ⁇ to reach the rated output power at a controlled speed. If the peak statistics find that there are large peaks in X, ⁇ or ⁇ that exceed the preset peak threshold, a control signal is generated, the ⁇ is quickly turned off, and the digital link gain is minimized, and the analog attenuator attenuation value is adjusted to the maximum.
  • This process is shown in Figure 4 and includes the following steps:
  • Step 51 Collect X, ⁇ , ⁇ data
  • Step 52 Determine whether there are large peaks larger than the peak threshold in X, ⁇ , ⁇ , if yes, go to step 53; otherwise, go to step 51;
  • Step 53 Output a control signal for turning off the power amplifier
  • Step 54 Turn off the power amplifier.
  • Step 55 Adjust the link gain to a minimum
  • Step 56 Adjust the analog attenuator gain to the maximum attenuation.
  • Step 61 Collect X, ⁇ , ⁇ data
  • Step 62 Calculate the data power of the comparison X, ⁇ , ⁇ ;
  • Step 63 Determine whether ⁇ is all 0, and determine whether a peak greater than a threshold occurs in the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
  • Step 65 Adjust the digital link gain to the scaled digital gain
  • Step 66 The output turns on the analog attenuator control signal, and the output adjusts the analog attenuator control signal, and calculates the analog attenuator step value according to the control signal.
  • Step 67 Configure the analog attenuator attenuation value in a single step.
  • Step 68 Determine whether the Y average power is less than the rated power. If it is less, go to step 67; otherwise, go to step 62.
  • the PA status is still detected in real time. Once the large peak exceeding the threshold occurs again in the collected data, all current operations are interrupted, and the exception processing flow is again entered, and the PA is turned off.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention always ensures the safe operation of the RF power amplifier from the startup start phase, the abnormal processing phase, the abnormal recovery phase, and the operation phase. Should be gain adjustment technology. Compared with the traditional power amplifier protection technology, it not only covers all the working states of the power amplifier operation from the process, but also increases the real-time performance of the power amplifier protection, and the introduction of the abnormal recovery process also enables the invention to quickly turn off the power amplifier. After the abnormal recovery, the power amplifier can be re-opened safely and stably, which will not affect the cell call, and can greatly improve the operational stability of the communication system and improve the efficiency of the wireless base station system.
  • the hardware is guaranteed to be powered up until the digital link control module starts normally, the PA is in the off state, and the DAC is in the off state;
  • Step 2 load the driver, the CPU small system starts
  • Step 3 Initializing the clock chip configuration
  • Step 4 Load the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). During the loading process, the FPGA ensures that the PA is in the off state, and the RF hardware ensures that the default value of the attenuator is the maximum attenuation.
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • Step 5 The optical port lock status is detected. If the "locked” status cannot be reached within a certain period of time, the "light port lost lock” flag is sent to the digital link control module. Step 6. Load digital signal processing (DSP, Digital Signal Processing);
  • the Board Support Package ensures that the PA is in the off state, and the RF hardware ensures that the attenuator defaults to the maximum attenuation.
  • Step 7 Configure an RF phase-locked loop.
  • Step 8 The digital link control module detects whether there is a link abnormality flag. If there is no link abnormality, enter the digital gain of the DAC as a scaling gain, so that the DAC has a signal input, and the RF hardware ensures the attenuator default value. For maximum attenuation. If there is an abnormality that does not cause PA burnout, report the alarm only. If there is a risk of PA burnout, turn off the PA directly.
  • Step 9 Turn on the DAC after initialization. At this time, the RF hardware ensures that the default value of the attenuator is the maximum attenuation.
  • Step 10 Turn on the PA.
  • Step 11 The PA status detection and protection module detects whether the PA data is abnormal. If no link is abnormal, calculate and configure the attenuator according to the power-on process.
  • the protection method of the radio frequency power amplifier of the embodiment can ensure the safety and stability of the system during the booting process, and detect the state of the system in real time during operation, and monitor the state of the radio frequency power amplifier to avoid any abnormality of the radio frequency power amplifier caused by any abnormality in the system. , and can make the system stable and safe to normal operation when the abnormal recovery.
  • the method of this embodiment is applicable to various RRU models, greatly improving the working security and performance stability of the RRU system and even the entire wireless base station system, and can greatly improve the operational stability of the communication system.
  • the method and RRU of the embodiments of the present invention are applicable to Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and Global Long Term Evolution (LTE).
  • GSM Global System of Mobile Communication
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE Global Long Term Evolution
  • WiMAX World Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
  • the invention has no specific requirements for signal modulation mode and bandwidth, and is suitable for protection of various systems and various power amplifier types, and the power amplifier protection effect is also superior to the traditional power amplifier protection technology.
  • the above-mentioned RF power amplifier protection method and the remote RF unit can detect the state of the system in real time during the startup, during operation, and during abnormal recovery, and monitor the state of the RF power amplifier to avoid any abnormality in the system causing the RF power amplifier to burn out.
  • the above technical solutions are applicable to various RRU models, improve the working safety of the RF power amplifier in the system, and ensure the normal operation of the system. Therefore, the present invention has strong industrial applicability.

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Abstract

一种射频功率放大器保护方法及远端射频单元RRU,该RRU包括:射频功率放大器和控制模块,其中,所述控制模块,与所述射频功率放大器电连接,用于实时监控数据链路的状态,若监控到数据链路异常,则将所述数据链路的增益调为最小或小于第一阈值。上述技术方案可以在开机过程中、运行中、异常恢复时,实时检测系统状态,监控射频功率放大器状态,以避免系统中任何异常造成射频功率放大器的烧毁。上述技术方案适用于各种RRU机型,提升系统中射频功率放大器的工作安全性,保证系统运行正常。

Description

一种射频功率放大器的保护方法及 RRU
技术领域
本发明涉及远端射频单元(RRU, Remote RF Unit ) 的系统安全性保证 技术领域, 特别是涉及一种射频功率放大器的保护方法及 RRU。
背景技术
在当前运营条件下,运营商对于资本性支出( CAPEX, Capital Expenditure ) 与运营本钱( OPEX, Operating Expense )的追求成了对于供应商的首位要求。 而对于无线通信基站系统, 大约 80%功耗是射频功率放大器(PA )产生, 因 此随着数字移动通信技术的发展, 高效率功放成为各大系统设备制造商的一 个必须满足的要求。 同时, 随着频谱资源日益紧张, 现代通信系统往往引入 了数字预失真(DPD )技术来改善功率放大器的线性度, 提高功率放大器的 效率。
因此, 目前的 RRU 系统变得很复杂, 链路的各个功能模块必须精细设 计, 否则就会很容易引起射频功率放大器烧毁。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种射频功率放大器保护方法及远端射 频单元, 以实现整个工作流程中对射频功率放大器的全面保护。
为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明釆用如下技术方案:
一种远端射频单元, 包括: 射频功率放大器和控制模块, 其中,
所述控制模块, 与所述射频功率放大器电连接, 设置成: 实时监控数据 链路的状态, 若监控到所述数据链路异常, 则将所述数据链路的增益调为最 小或小于第一阔值。
该远端射频单元还包括: 数字预失真器、 检测模块和保护模块, 所述控 制模块还与所述数字预失真器电连接, 所述检测模块和所述保护模块与所述 控制模块、 所述数字预失真器和所述射频功率放大器电连接, 其中: 所述检测模块设置成: 实时检测所述数字预失真器的预失真前信号和预 失真后信号和所述射频功率放大器的反馈信号;
所述保护模块设置成: 在所述检测模块检测到上述三个信号中任一个出 现大于门限的峰值的情况下, 关断所述射频功率放大器。
其中:
所述保护模块还设置成: 将所述数字链路的模拟衰减调至最大或大于第 二阔值, 并触发所述控制模块;
所述控制模块还设置成: 受触发后将所述数字链路的增益调为最小或小 于第一阔值。
其中:
所述检测模块还设置成: 继续釆集所述预失真前信号和所述预失真后信 号, 检测在预定数次的釆集中, 所述预失真前信号和所述预失真后信号中的 任一个是否出现过大于所述门限的峰值;
所述保护模块还设置成: 在所述检测模块检测未出现过大于所述门限的 峰值的情况下, 开启所述射频功率放大器。
其中:
所述保护模块还设置成: 在开启所述射频功率放大器的过程中, 触发所 述控制模块, 并自适应调节模拟衰减, 逐步增大所述射频功率放大器的输出 功率, 直至所述输出功率达到额定功率;
所述控制模块还设置成: 受触发后, 将所述数字链路的增益调节至标定 数字增益。
一种射频功率放大器的保护方法, 应用于如上所述的任意一种远端射频 单元, 包括:
实时监控数据链路的状态, 若监控到数据链路异常, 则将数据链路的增 益调为最小或小于第一阔值。
该保护方法还包括: 实时检测所述数据链路中的预失真前信号、 预失真后信号和所述射频功 率放大器的反馈信号;
若检测到上述三个信号中任一个出现大于门限的峰值, 则关断所述射频 功率放大器。
其中: 关断所述射频功率放大器的步骤包括:
将所述数字链路的增益调为最小或小于第一阔值;
将所述数字链路的模拟衰减调至最大或大于第二阔值。
其中, 该保护方法还包括:
关断所述射频功率放大器之后, 继续釆集所述预失真前信号和所述预失 真后信号;
若在预定数次的釆集中, 所述预失真前信号和所述预失真后信号中的任 一个未出现过大于所述门限的峰值, 则开启所述射频功率放大器。
其中, 该保护方法还包括:
在开启所述射频功率放大器的过程中, 将所述数字链路的增益调节至标 定数字增益; 自适应调节模拟衰减, 逐步增大所述射频功率放大器的输出功 率, 直至所述输出功率达到额定功率。
综上, 上述射频功率放大器保护方法及远端射频单元, 可以在开机过程 中、 运行中、 异常恢复时, 实时检测系统状态, 监控射频功率放大器状态, 以避免系统中任何异常造成射频功率放大器的烧毁。 上述技术方案适用于各 种 RRU机型, 提升系统中射频功率放大器的工作安全性, 保证系统运行正 常。 附图概述
图 1为本发明实施例的 RRU的示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例的射频功率放大器的保护方法的流程图; 图 3为本发明实施例的 RRU上电的流程图; 图 4为本发明实施例的 RRU在上电过程中处理异常的流程图; 图 5为本发明实施例的 RRU恢复上电的流程图;
图 6为本发明应用示例的 RRU上电的流程图。 本发明的较佳实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚明白, 下文中将结合附图 对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的情况下, 本申 请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。 这些组合均在本发明的 保护范围内。
图 1为本发明实施例的 RRU的示意图,本实施例的 RRU中除了信号源、 数字预失真器、 数模转换器(DAC ) 、 模数转换器(ADC )和射频功率放大 器外, 增加了控制模块、 检测模块和保护模块, 如图 1所示, 其中, 控制模 块与数字预失真器和射频功率放大器电连接, 检测模块和保护模块与控制模 块、 数字预失真器和射频功率放大器电连接, 其中,
所述信号源设置成: 产生发射信号;
所述数字预失真器设置成: 处于数字发射链路中, 来对射频功率放大器 的非线性失真进行改善,提高系统的 ACPR( Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio, 相邻频道泄漏比 )指标;
所述控制模块设置成: 处于数字发射链路末级, DAC输入前, 用于调节 数字链路增益, 改变输入 DAC的信号大小, 进而调节 PA的输入信号大小; 所述检测模块设置成: 实时监控 PA的工作状态;
所述保护模块设置成: 在有可能损毁 PA的情况下, 产生控制信号迅速 关断 PA;
所述 DAC设置成: 将数字信号转换成模拟信号输入 PA;
所述 ADC设置成: 将釆集到的反馈链路模拟信号转换成数字信号, 便 于进行信号处理;
所述射频功率放大器设置成: 系统放大射频信号。 本实施例中, 所述控制模块设置成: 实时监控数据链路的状态, 若监控 到数据链路异常, 则将所述数据链路的增益调为最小或小于第一阔值。
其中, 所述检测模块设置成: 实时检测所述数字预失真器的预失真前信 号和预失真后信号和所述 PA的反馈信号;
所述保护模块设置成: 在所述检测模块检测到上述三个信号中任一个出 现大于门限的峰值的情况下, 关断所述 PA。
这样在出现可能损毁射频功率放大器情况下, 可以迅速关断射频功率放 大器, 并可以将数字链路增益降低至最低, 随后异常恢复时, 基于慢速小步 增大的思想,釆用自适应的步进算法来逐渐将射频功率放大器推到额定功率, 充分实现对 PA的保护。
本实施例中,在系统上电启动过程中,保证 PA关闭、 DAC无输入信号, 保证 PA输入链路上的衰减器默认值最大衰减; 链路中各模块软件版本加载 和初始化配置, 这期间各模块产生初始化正常与否的标志信号;
数字链路控制模块运行, 首先提取各模块标志信号进行逻辑运算, 得到 的链路正常或异常标志, 若链路异常, 则打印异常信息, 根据不同的异常信 息进行处理; 若链路正常, 则可以将数字增益配置为定标增益回退 3dB, 使 DAC有小信号输入。
在 PA上电过程中, 检测模块釆集数据, 实时检测数据 PA状态是否正 常; 保护模块按照 PA上电流程, 根据 PA输出功率与额定功率之差, 自适 应计算出衰减器的步进并配置衰减器。
例如, 输出功率与额定功率相差 5W, 则将差额分配成 N次调整, 保证 每次调整值不超过一定范围。 当推到额定功率 -2dB后, 每次步进减半配置衰 减器, 使得功率增大的幅度小, 保证功放可控稳定地达到额定功率。
PA输出功率达到额定后, 系统稳定运行, 同时检测模块实时监控 PA状 态, 若出现异常数据, 保护模块产生控制信号迅速关断 PA, 并与控制模块 通信, 将数字链路增益调节至增益最小或小于一阔值;
异常恢复时, 先打开 PA, 然后与控制模块通信, 将数字链路增益调节 至标定数字增益, 然后打开模拟衰减器控制信号, 按照上电流程将 PA推至 额定功率。
图 2为本发明实施例的射频功率放大器的保护方法的流程图, 如图 2所 示, 包括下面步骤:
Sl l、 实时监控数据链路的状态, 若监控到数据链路异常, 则将数据链 路的增益调为最小或小于第一阔值。
还可以包括:
S12、 实时检测所述数据链路中的预失真前信号、 预失真后信号和所述 射频功率放大器的反馈信号;
S13、 若检测到上述三个信号中任一个出现大于门限的峰值, 则关断所 述射频功率放大器。
结合附图和应用于 GU ( GSM和 UMTS )混模系统的实施例对本发明进 行详细说明。
首先, 信号源产生发射信号, 信号通过数字预失真器及数模转换, 再经 过功放模拟链路到反馈模数转换, PA状态检测与保护模块釆集预失真前信 号 (X ) , 预失真后信号 (Z ) , PA反馈信号 (Y )并将时延对齐后的信号 存储起来。
在此过程中, 控制模块根据输入的标志变量运算获得链路情况, 若链路 异常, 则将链路数字增益调为最小, 并打印异常信息。 可以避免在异常情况 下, 有异常数据进入功放, 对功放造成破坏。
接着, 检测模块将时延对齐后的信号 (X釆样数据、 Y釆样数据、 Z釆 样数据)进行信号平均功率计算以及峰值统计, 若平均功率计算结果表明功 放输出功率未达到额定功率, 则进入上电流程, 自适应计算出模拟衰减器的 调节步进值, 直至检测到功放输出功率达到额定功率, 这一流程参见图 3 , 包括下面步骤:
步骤 41、 采集 X、 Y、 Ζ数据;
步骤 42、 计算比对 X、 Υ、 Ζ数据的功率; 步骤 43、 判断 Y平均功率是否小于额定功率, 若是, 转向步骤 44, 否 则转向步骤 42;
步骤 44、 输出调节模拟衰减器控制信号;
步骤 45、 根据控制信号自适应算法计算模拟衰减器步进值;
步骤 46、 按照单步步进配置模拟衰减器衰减值, 然后转向步骤 42。 单步步进配置可以使 ΡΑ在可控的速度下, 稳定达到额定输出功率。 若峰值统计发现 X、 Υ或 Ζ中有超过预设峰值门限的大峰值出现, 则产 生控制信号, 迅速关断 ΡΑ, 并将数字链路增益调至最小, 将模拟衰减器衰 减值调至最大, 这一流程参见图 4 , 包括下面步骤:
步骤 51、 釆集 X、 Υ、 Ζ数据;
步骤 52、 判断 X、 Υ、 Ζ中是否存在大于峰值门限的大峰值, 若存在, 则转向步骤 53; 否则转向步骤 51 ;
步骤 53、 输出关闭功率放大器的控制信号;
步骤 54、 关闭功率放大器;
步骤 55、 将链路增益调整为最小;
步骤 56、 将模拟衰减器增益调整为最大衰减。
最后, 当统计的 X、 Ζ信息中连续 Ν次统计, 不再出现大峰值, 则认为 异常消失, 进入系统异常恢复流程, 这一流程参见图 5。
步骤 61、 采集 X、 Υ、 Ζ数据;
步骤 62、 计算比对 X、 Υ、 Ζ数据功率;
步骤 63、 判断 Υ是否全部为 0, 并且判断在对 X、 Ζ的峰值进行 Ν次统 计中是否出现过大于门限的峰值, 若是, 转向步骤 64, 否则转向步骤 62; 步骤 64、 开启 ΡΑ;
步骤 65、 将数字链路增益调节至定标数字增益;
然后, 上电流程自适应调节模拟衰减器衰减步进, 直至检测到 ΡΑ输出 达到额定功率为止。 步骤 66、输出打开模拟衰减器控制信号,输出调节模拟衰减器控制信号, 根据控制信号计算模拟衰减器步进值。
步骤 67、 按照单步步进配置模拟衰减器衰减值。
步骤 68、判断 Y平均功率是否小于额定功率,若小于,则转向步骤 67; 否则转向步骤 62。
在此期间, 仍然实时检测 PA状态, 一旦釆集数据中再次出现超过门限 的大峰值, 则中断当前一切操作, 再次进入异常处理流程, 关闭 PA。
可见, 本发明实施例的方法从开机启动阶段、 异常处理阶段、 异常恢复 阶段、 运行阶段, 始终保证射频功率放大器安全工作。 应增益调节技术。 与传统的功放保护技术相比, 不仅从流程上更全面覆盖了 功放运行的所有工作状态, 增加了功放保护的实时性, 而且异常恢复流程的 引入也使得本发明能既能快速关断功放, 又能在异常恢复后, 安全稳定重新 开启功放, 不致于影响小区通话, 能更大地提升通信系统的运行稳定性, 提 高无线基站系统的效率。
下面是一本发明的应用示例, 如图 6所示, 可以包括下面步骤: 步骤 1、 RRU上电;
硬件方面保证上电直到数字链路控制模块正常启动前, PA处于关断状 态, DAC处于关闭状态;
步骤 2、 加载驱动程序, CPU小系统启动;
步骤 3、 时钟芯片初始化配置;
步骤 4、加载 FPGA( Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列); 加载过程中, FPGA保证 PA处于关断状态, 射频硬件保证衰减器默认 值为最大衰减。
步骤 5, 检测光口锁定状态, 如果一定时间内无法达到 "锁定" 状态, 则向数字链路控制模块下发 "光口失锁" 标志。 步骤 6、 加载数字信号处理(DSP, Digital Signal Processing ) ;
加载过程中, 板级支持包( BSP, Board Support Package )保证 PA处于 关断状态, 射频硬件保证衰减器默认值为最大衰减。
步骤 7、 配置射频锁相环;
如果出现锁相环失锁,则向数据链路控制模块下发 "锁相环失锁"标志。 步骤 8、 数字链路控制模块检测是否有链路异常标志, 如果没有任何链 路异常,则进入将 DAC的数字增益配置为定标增益,使得 DAC有信号输入, 同时射频硬件保证衰减器默认值为最大衰减。 如果有不会引发 PA烧毁的异 常, 仅上报告警, 如果有 PA烧毁风险, 则直接关闭 PA。
步骤 9、 初始化后打开 DAC, 此时射频硬件保证衰减器默认值为最大衰 减。
步骤 10, 开启 PA。
步骤 11、 PA状态检测与保护模块检测 PA釆集数据是否有异常, 如果 没有作何链路异常, 则按照功放上电流程计算并配置衰减器。
综上, 本实施例的射频功率放大器的保护方法可以保证开机过程中系统 安全稳定, 并在运行过程中实时检测系统状态, 监控射频功率放大器状态, 以避免系统中任何异常造成射频功率放大器的烧毁, 并可以在异常恢复时使 系统稳定安全恢复到正常工作态。 本实施例的方法适用于各种 RRU机型, 大大提升 RRU 系统, 甚至整个无线基站系统的工作安全性和性能稳定性, 能更大地提升通信系统的运行稳定性。
本发明实施例的方法及 RRU, 适用于全球移动通讯系统(GSM, Global System of Mobile communication ) 、 通用移动通讯系统 ( UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System )、长期演进( LTE, Long Term Evolution )、 全球 ϋ波接入互操作 '1"生( WiMAX, World Interoperability for Microwave Access ) 和时分同步的码分多址技术( TD-SCDMA, Time Division- Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access )单模或双模等宽带系统。 本发明对于信号调制方式 和带宽等没有特定要求, 适合各种系统、 各种功放类型的保护, 其功放保护 效果同样优于传统的功放保护技术。 本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序 来指令相关硬件完成, 所述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中, 如只读 存储器、 磁盘或光盘等。 可选地, 上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用 一个或多个集成电路来实现。 相应地, 上述实施例中的各模块 /单元可以釆用 硬件的形式实现, 也可以釆用软件功能模块的形式实现。 本发明不限制于任 何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例, 当然, 本发明还可有其他多种实施例, 在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下, 熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本 发明作出各种相应的改变和变形, 但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明 所附的权利要求的保护范围。
工业实用性
上述射频功率放大器保护方法及远端射频单元, 可以在开机过程中、 运 行中、 异常恢复时, 实时检测系统状态, 监控射频功率放大器状态, 以避免 系统中任何异常造成射频功率放大器的烧毁。上述技术方案适用于各种 RRU 机型, 提升系统中射频功率放大器的工作安全性, 保证系统运行正常。 因此 本发明具有很强的工业实用性。

Claims

1、 一种远端射频单元, 包括: 射频功率放大器和控制模块, 其中, 所述控制模块, 与所述射频功率放大器电连接, 设置成: 实时监控数据 链路的状态, 若监控到所述数据链路异常, 则将所述数据链路的增益调为最 小或小于第一阔值。
2、如权利要求 1所述的远端射频单元, 该远端射频单元还包括: 数字预 失真器、检测模块和保护模块 ,所述控制模块还与所述数字预失真器电连接 , 所述检测模块和所述保护模块与所述控制模块、 所述数字预失真器和所述射 频功率放大器电连接, 其中:
所述检测模块设置成: 实时检测所述数字预失真器的预失真前信号和预 失真后信号和所述射频功率放大器的反馈信号;
所述保护模块设置成: 在所述检测模块检测到上述三个信号中任一个出 现大于门限的峰值的情况下, 关断所述射频功率放大器。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的远端射频单元, 其中:
所述保护模块还设置成: 将所述数字链路的模拟衰减调至最大或大于第 二阔值, 并触发所述控制模块;
所述控制模块还设置成: 受触发后将所述数字链路的增益调为最小或小 于第一阔值。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的远端射频单元, 其中:
所述检测模块还设置成: 继续釆集所述预失真前信号和所述预失真后信 号, 检测在预定数次的釆集中, 所述预失真前信号和所述预失真后信号中的 任一个是否出现过大于所述门限的峰值;
所述保护模块还设置成: 在所述检测模块检测未出现过大于所述门限的 峰值的情况下, 开启所述射频功率放大器。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的远端射频单元, 其中:
所述保护模块还设置成: 在开启所述射频功率放大器的过程中, 触发所 述控制模块, 并自适应调节模拟衰减, 逐步增大所述射频功率放大器的输出 功率, 直至所述输出功率达到额定功率;
所述控制模块还设置成: 受触发后, 将所述数字链路的增益调节至标定 数字增益。
6、一种射频功率放大器的保护方法, 应用于如权利要求 1-5任一项所述 的远端射频单元, 包括:
实时监控数据链路的状态, 若监控到数据链路异常, 则将数据链路的增 益调为最小或小于第一阔值。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的保护方法, 该保护方法还包括:
实时检测所述数据链路中的预失真前信号、 预失真后信号和所述射频功 率放大器的反馈信号;
若检测到上述三个信号中任一个出现大于门限的峰值, 则关断所述射频 功率放大器。
8、如权利要求 7所述的保护方法, 其中: 关断所述射频功率放大器的步 骤包括:
将所述数字链路的增益调为最小或小于第一阔值;
将所述数字链路的模拟衰减调至最大或大于第二阔值。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的保护方法, 其中, 该保护方法还包括: 关断所述射频功率放大器之后, 继续釆集所述预失真前信号和所述预失 真后信号;
若在预定数次的釆集中, 所述预失真前信号和所述预失真后信号中的任 一个未出现过大于所述门限的峰值, 则开启所述射频功率放大器。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的保护方法, 其中, 该保护方法还包括: 在开启所述射频功率放大器的过程中, 将所述数字链路的增益调节至标 定数字增益; 自适应调节模拟衰减, 逐步增大所述射频功率放大器的输出功 率, 直至所述输出功率达到额定功率。
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CN104168076B (zh) * 2014-08-29 2016-09-07 京信通信系统(中国)有限公司 功放异常检测方法和系统
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