WO2013093790A1 - A composition for reducing an hiv viral load comprising praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole - Google Patents
A composition for reducing an hiv viral load comprising praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013093790A1 WO2013093790A1 PCT/IB2012/057465 IB2012057465W WO2013093790A1 WO 2013093790 A1 WO2013093790 A1 WO 2013093790A1 IB 2012057465 W IB2012057465 W IB 2012057465W WO 2013093790 A1 WO2013093790 A1 WO 2013093790A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- albendazole
- praziquantel
- niclosamide
- composition
- hiv
- Prior art date
Links
- HXHWSAZORRCQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N albendazole Chemical compound CCCSC1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 HXHWSAZORRCQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229960002669 albendazole Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- RJMUSRYZPJIFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N niclosamide Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1Cl RJMUSRYZPJIFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- FSVJFNAIGNNGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[cyclohexyl(oxo)methyl]-3,6,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one Chemical compound C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2CC2)N2C(=O)CN1C(=O)C1CCCCC1 FSVJFNAIGNNGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229960002957 praziquantel Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229960001920 niclosamide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000725303 Human immunodeficiency virus Species 0.000 description 20
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 206010061201 Helminthic infection Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 241000242722 Cestoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000244157 Taenia solium Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000242678 Schistosoma Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000507 anthelmentic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940126601 medicinal product Drugs 0.000 description 3
- IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N (S)-colchicine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NC(C)=O)CC2)=CC(=O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1OC IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J ATP(4-) Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J 0.000 description 2
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000026368 Cestode infections Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000003808 Cystic echinococcosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000029749 Microtubule Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091022875 Microtubule Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000244159 Taenia saginata Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004688 microtubule Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079474 niclosamide 500 mg Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940102619 praziquantel 600 mg Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PVKCAQKXTLCSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-isoquinolin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=NCC2=C1 PVKCAQKXTLCSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091006112 ATPases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000057290 Adenosine Triphosphatases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000000077 Cysticercosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013029 Diphyllobothriasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001137876 Diphyllobothrium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000866683 Diphyllobothrium latum Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010014096 Echinococciasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009366 Echinococcosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000244170 Echinococcus granulosus Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010034145 Helminth Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000713772 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001464384 Hymenolepis nana Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007316 Neurocysticercosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000242683 Schistosoma haematobium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242680 Schistosoma mansoni Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004243 Tubulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000704 Tubulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940086181 albendazole 200 mg Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001338 colchicine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005786 degenerative changes Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002472 endoplasmic reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010016235 fasciolopsiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000000013 helminth Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008076 immune mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003712 lysosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001868 lysosomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010627 oxidative phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004303 peritoneum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003784 poor nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/498—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- and peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinoxaline, phenazine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
- A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
Definitions
- THIS INVENTION relates to a composition for use in a method for reducing an Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) viral load in a subject infected with HIV. It relates also to a dosage form and kit for use in a method of reducing an HIV viral load in a subject infected with HIV.
- HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- compositions for use in a method of reducing an HIV viral load in a subject infected with HIV comprising praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole.
- the composition may comprise in mass percentages; 5% - 80% praziquantel; 5% - 60% niclosamide; and 5% - 60% albendazole.
- composition may comprise in mass percentages, 30% - 50% praziquantel; 20% - 45% niclosamide; and 15% - 40% albendazole.
- the composition may comprise in mass percentages, 40% praziquantel; 33% niclosamide; and 27% albendazole.
- the composition may be provided in a dosage form comprising approximately 300mg praziquantel; 250mg niclosamide; and 200mg albendazole of the composition for administering to persons aged 6-18 years and 600mg praziquantel; 500mg nicolsamide; and 400mg albendazole to persons aged older than 18 years.
- the dosage form may be in the form of one of pressed tablet form, capsule form, vaccine form and syrup form.
- a dosage form for use in a method of reducing an HIV viral load in a subject infected with HIV comprising including praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole.
- the dosage form may comprise in mass percentages, 5% - 80% praziquantel; 5% - 60% niclosamide; and 5% - 60% albendazole. More specifically, the dosage form may comprise in mass percentages, 30% - 50% praziquantel; 20% - 45% niclosamide; and 15% - 40% albendazole.
- the dosage form may comprise in mass percentages, 40% praziquantel; 33% nicolsamide; and 27% albendazole.
- kits for use in a method of reducing an HIV viral load in a subject infected with HIV comprising separate dosage forms of praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole.
- the kit may be in the form of a blister pack.
- the separate dosage forms may comprise 200 - 400mg praziquantel, 150 - 350 niclosamide and 100 - 300mg albendazole for administering to persons aged 6 - 18 years. More specifically, the separate dosage forms may comprise about 300 praziquantel, 250mg niclosamide and 200mg albendazole.
- the separate dosage forms may comprise 500 - 700mg praziquantel, 400 - 600mg niclosamide and 300 - 500mg albendazole for administering to persons aged older than 18 years. More specifically, the separate dosage forms may comprise about 600mg praziquantel, about 500mg niclosamide and about 400mg albendazole.
- a pharmaceutical composition which comprises, in combination, praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole.
- the pharmaceutical composition may comprise in mass percentages, 5% - 80% praziquantel; 5% - 60% niclosamide; and 5% - 60% albendazole.
- the pharmaceutical composition may comprise in mass percentages, 30% - 50% praziquantel; 20% - 45% niclosamide; and 15% - 40% albendazole.
- the pharmaceutical composition may comprise in mass percentages, 40% praziquantel; 33% niclosamide; and 27% albendazole.
- a composition in accordance with the first aspect of the invention is provided in a tablet form.
- the tablets are produced by providing the ingredients in powder form, then mixing the ingredients together with an excipient binding agent and moulding the mixed ingredients under pressure to form a pressed tablet.
- the composition comprises a mixture of the following active for persons aged 6 - 18 years. praziquantel - 300mg
- composition comprises a mixture of the following active ingredients for persons older than 18 years: praziquantel - 600mg
- the above ingredients are provided in the form of a pressed tablet. More particularly, the pressed tablet is prepared by providing the above active ingredients in powder form, mixing the ingredients together with an excipient binding agent and moulding the ingredients under pressure to form the pressed tablet. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments of the invention, the composition may be provided in vaccine form or in capsule form or syrup form for oral administration.
- the composition is used in a method of reducing an HIV viral load in a human subject infected with HIV, by administering an oral dose of the composition to the subject.
- Praziquantel, lUPAC name: 2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1 H,2H,3H,6H,7H,1 1 bH- piperazino (2,1 -a) isoquinolin-4-one is an anthelminthic effective against tapeworm infections and against Schistosome (S. haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicium) and many cestode infestations.
- Praziquantel affects the permeability of the cell membrane resulting in the contraction of schistosomes. The drug further causes vacuolization and disintegration of the schistosome tegument. The effect is more marked in adult worms compared to juvenile worms.
- Niclosamide is an anthelminthic effective in the treatment of tapeworm and intestinal fluke infections, including Beef Tapeworm (Taenia saginata), Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium), Fish Tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum) and the Dwarf Tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana).
- Niclosamide works by killing tapeworms on contact. Adult worms are rapidly killed due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation or stimulation of ATPase activity. The killed worms are then passed in the stool or sometimes destroyed in the intestine of a human subject.
- Albendazole, lUPAC name: methyl N-[6-(propylsulfanyl)-1 H-1 ,3-benzodiazol- 2-yl]carbamate is a broad spectrum anthelminthic that is effective in the treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis due to active lesions caused by larval forms of the Pork Tapeworm ( Taenia solium) and for the treatment of cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung and peritoneum, caused by the larval form of the Dog Tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus).
- Albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules.
- the loss of the cytoplasmic microtubules leads to impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, and depletes their glycogen stores.
- Degenerative changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria of the germinal layer, and the subsequent release of lysosomes result in decreased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy required for the survival of the helminth. Due to diminished energy production, the parasite is immobilized and eventually dies.
- ATP adenosine triphosphate
- helminthic infections are believed to significantly suppress the immune mechanisms of the human body thereby further compromising the immune systems of subjects with already compromised immune systems.
- Such helminthic infections are particularly prevalent in developing countries in which large numbers of people live under poor living conditions and sanitation and where poor nutrition, poverty and lack of education are further contributing factors to the relatively high incidence of helminthic infections.
- the composition and medicinal product as defined and described hereinabove are thus specifically intended for use as complementary medicaments in the treatment of subjects with compromised immune systems.
- RNA copies per millilitre (cps/mL) of blood plasma were obtained:
- the treatment can be provided in blister pack form.
- the blister pack can be printed with Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday, to indicate daily treatments to a user.
- the invention extends to a dosage form for use in a method of reducing an HIV viral load in a human subject infected with HIV.
- the dosage form comprises, for administering to persons aged 6 - 18 years, 300mg praziquantel, 250mg niclosamide and 200mg albendazole.
- the dosage form comprises administering to persons aged older than 18 years, 600mg praziquantel, 500mg niclosamide and 400mg albendazole.
- the invention extends further to a kit for use in a method of reducing an HIV viral load in a subject infected with HIV as described hereinabove, the kit comprising separate dosage forms of praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole in the abovementioned amounts for persons aged 6 - 18 years and older than 18 years.
- the invention extends yet further to a pharmaceutical composition comprising praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole in the amounts referred to above in relation to the composition in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- AIDS & HIV (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA2014/04695A ZA201404695B (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2014-06-25 | A composition ,dosage form and kit for reducing an hiv viral load |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA2011/09476 | 2011-12-22 | ||
| ZA201109476 | 2011-12-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013093790A1 true WO2013093790A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
Family
ID=47714464
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2012/057465 WO2013093790A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-12-19 | A composition for reducing an hiv viral load comprising praziquantel, niclosamide and albendazole |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2013093790A1 (it) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201404695B (it) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103399107A (zh) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-20 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | 一种检测水产品中氯硝柳胺的前处理试剂盒及方法 |
| WO2017141137A1 (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-24 | Shoket Latief | A composition and dosage form for reducing an hiv viral load |
| WO2017141136A1 (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-24 | Shoket Latief | A composition and dosage form for reducing an hiv viral load |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009118706A2 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Tri Laz Meds (Proprietary) Limited | The treatment of helminthic infections |
| WO2012051633A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Tri Laz Meds Sa (Pty) Ltd | The treatment of helminthic infections. |
-
2012
- 2012-12-19 WO PCT/IB2012/057465 patent/WO2013093790A1/en active Application Filing
-
2014
- 2014-06-25 ZA ZA2014/04695A patent/ZA201404695B/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009118706A2 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Tri Laz Meds (Proprietary) Limited | The treatment of helminthic infections |
| WO2012051633A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Tri Laz Meds Sa (Pty) Ltd | The treatment of helminthic infections. |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| KATIYAR S K ET AL: "IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF THE AIDS-ASSOCIATED MICROSPORIDIAN ENCEPHALITOZOON INTESTINALIS TO ALBENDAZOLE, ITS SULFOXIDE METABOLITE, AND 12 ADDITIONAL BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES", ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC, US, vol. 41, no. 12, 1 December 1997 (1997-12-01), pages 2729 - 2732, XP000872323, ISSN: 0066-4804 * |
| WALSON JUDD L ET AL: "Albendazole treatment of HIV-1 and helminth co-infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial", JOURNAL OF THE ALL-INDIA OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS AND MEDIA PVT. LTD, INDIA, vol. 22, no. 13, 1 August 2008 (2008-08-01), pages 1601 - 1609, XP008160551, ISSN: 0044-7307, DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0B013E32830A502E * |
| ZINGG W ET AL: "Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver in an adult with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection", INFECTION, SPRINGER, vol. 32, no. 5, 1 October 2004 (2004-10-01), pages 299 - 302, XP008160567, ISSN: 0300-8126, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0300-8126> * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103399107A (zh) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-20 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | 一种检测水产品中氯硝柳胺的前处理试剂盒及方法 |
| WO2017141137A1 (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-24 | Shoket Latief | A composition and dosage form for reducing an hiv viral load |
| WO2017141136A1 (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2017-08-24 | Shoket Latief | A composition and dosage form for reducing an hiv viral load |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA201404695B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
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