WO2013092649A1 - Dianhydrohexitoldiestergemisch gc - Google Patents
Dianhydrohexitoldiestergemisch gc Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013092649A1 WO2013092649A1 PCT/EP2012/076064 EP2012076064W WO2013092649A1 WO 2013092649 A1 WO2013092649 A1 WO 2013092649A1 EP 2012076064 W EP2012076064 W EP 2012076064W WO 2013092649 A1 WO2013092649 A1 WO 2013092649A1
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- BIOGOMUNGWOQHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCC(OC(COC12)C1OCC2OC(CCCCCCC)=O)=O Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(OC(COC12)C1OCC2OC(CCCCCCC)=O)=O BIOGOMUNGWOQHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1535—Five-membered rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ester mixture of dianhydrohexitol, a composition comprising the ester mixture and a polymer composition comprising the ester mixture or composition, the use thereof, and a method by which the ester mixture can be prepared.
- the polymer composition may include, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polylactic acid (PLA), polyurethane or polyhydroxyalkanoates.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PLA polylactic acid
- Purethane polyurethane or polyhydroxyalkanoates.
- Polyvinyl chloride is one of the most economically important polymers. It finds many applications both as rigid PVC and as soft PVC.
- plasticizers are added to the PVC, with the majority of cases using phthalic acid esters, in particular di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP).
- DEHP di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
- DIDP diisononyl phthalate
- DIDP diisodecyl phthalate
- US Pat. No. 2,387,842 describes isomannide dibutyrate, isosorbide di (acetate / butyrate), isosorbide dihexanoate, isosorbide dioctanoate and isosorbide di-2-ethylhexanoate as PVC plasticizers.
- the preparation of the corresponding soft PVC specimens was carried out by using solvents, that is under industrially not preferred conditions.
- Preferred isosorbide esters were those obtained from mixtures of carboxylic acids.
- the first carboxylic acid should contain 2 to 9 C atoms, the second 3 to 10 C atoms, the sum of the C atoms should be at least 5 and not more than 18.
- WO 99/45060 describes inter alia C 3 -C 1 alkanoates of isosorbide or isomannide.
- IsDO isosorbide-di-octanoic acid ester
- IsDH isosorbide ester based on butyric acid
- IsDH hexanoic acid
- IsDEH 2-ethylhexanoic acid
- PVC and nitrocellulose plasticized polymers
- WO 2001/083488 describes a process for preparing anhydroglycitol esters, for example isosorbide esters, with improved color and postulates high conversion rates (98-100%) by using macroporous acidic ion exchangers as the esterification catalyst.
- esters based on C6-C12 carboxylic acids have been cited as suitable for use as plasticizers.
- the synthesis of isosorbide di-n-octanoate (IsDO) and isosorbide di-2-ethylhexanoate (IsDEH) was described as an example.
- WO 2008/095571 describes the synthesis and use of mixtures of isosorbide esters which are obtainable by esterification of isomeric nonanoic acids (branched and linear) with isosorbide.
- plastisols based on this plasticizer show a significantly higher viscosity than that of today's standard plasticizer diisononyl phthalate (DINP), which means a poorer processability.
- DINP diisononyl phthalate
- the glass transition temperatures also remain very clearly behind that of the DINP.
- the melting point of the pure isosorbide diester of n-octanoic acid is only slightly below room temperature, which means that the ester can no longer be used economically at lower temperatures in many processing methods of PVC plastisol technology.
- the corresponding pure isosorbide-di-n-decanoate even has a melting point which is above 35 ° C, and is largely incompatible with PVC.
- the problem to be solved was to find a diester or a diester mixture based on dianhydrohexitol, which has improved performance properties.
- the object is achieved by an ester mixture according to claim 1.
- An ester mixture comprising a compound of the formula I:
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from C 8 alkyl linear, C 8 alkyl branched, C 8 alkene wherein the C 8 alkene may be partially or fully epoxidized, C 10 alkyl linear, C 10 alkyl branched, C 10 -alkene, wherein the C10-alkene may be partially or fully epoxidized, and
- C8 or C10 indicates the number of carbon atoms in the carbon chain.
- the proportion of C10 in the ester mixture results from the sum of C8 and C10 in the ester mixture (corresponds to 100 mol%) minus the proportion of C8.
- a mixture consisting of equal parts of pure C8 diester and pure C10 diester has a proportion of 50 mol% C8.
- a pure C8 / C10 ester ie in which the one alcohol group is esterified with C8 and the other alcohol group is esterified with C10, a proportion of 50 mol% C8.
- the latter also represents an ester mixture in the sense of this invention.
- esters in the ester mixture which do not correspond to the formula I, for example monoesters of dianhydrohexitol which are present in the ester mixture After saponification of the entire ester mixture, all C8 acids become and all C10 acids are detected and set in relation to each other.
- the detection of the C8 / C10 ratio is carried out by gas chromatographic studies on the methyl esters of the corresponding fatty acids.
- the ester mixture has at least two, more preferably at least three different esters.
- the ester mixture has at least two esters which differ in their total carbon number.
- the ester mixture has at least two esters which differ in their total carbon number.
- a C8, C8 ester and a C8, C10 ester are examples of esters which differ in their total carbon number.
- the proportion of C8 based on the sum of C8 and C10 in the total ester mixture is 45 mol% to 75 mol%.
- the proportion of C8 based on the sum of C8 and C10 in the total ester mixture is 45 mol% to 65 mol%.
- the proportion of C8 based on the sum of C8 and C10 in the ester mixture is 50 mol% to 65 mol%.
- the sum of C8 and C10 has a proportion of more than 50 mol% in the total ester mixture based on all acid chains. If the entire ester mixture is transesterified and the resulting methyl esters are all analytically determined, then the C8 acids and C10 acids together account for more than 50 mol% of the mixture of all acids.
- the sum of C8 and C10 has a proportion of more than 60 mol% in the total ester mixture based on all acid chains, particularly preferably more than 70 mol%, very particularly preferably more than 80 mol%.
- formula I has the spatial structure of isosorbide with respect to its stereocenters.
- the diesterified alcohol is isosorbide.
- R 1 is selected from: C 8 alkyl linear, C 10 alkyl linear.
- R 2 is selected from: C 8 alkyl linear, C 10 alkyl linear.
- ester mixture comprises a mixture of the following three
- composition which comprises the ester mixture.
- the composition comprises one of the previously described ester mixtures, a high boiler and / or a low boiler.
- the composition may also comprise a plurality of high boilers, ie a high-boiling mixture, as well as a plurality of low boilers, that is to say a low boiler mixture.
- High boilers in connection with this invention means a compound which has a boiling point above the boiling point of the C10, C10 ester. For example, in a gas chromatographic examination of the composition on a nonpolar column, high boilers have a higher retention time than the C10, CI O ester.
- High boilers may be formed, for example, by containing corresponding proportions of other carboxylic acids, such as, for example, C 12 or C 14 in the carboxylic acid mixture used for the reaction and thus forming, for example, C 10, C 12 esters or C 10, C 14 esters.
- high boilers can be formed by partial ring opening of the dianhydrohexitol used to Monoanhydrohexitol with subsequent esterification to the corresponding di-, tri- or tetra-esters of monoanhydrohexitol with the corresponding carboxylic acids.
- low boilers is meant, in the context of this invention, a compound which has a boiling point below the boiling point of the C8, C8 ester.
- Low-boiling components can be formed, for example, by containing corresponding proportions of other, generally shorter-chain, carboxylic acids such as C6 or C4 in the carboxylic acid mixture used for the reaction and thus also, for example, C6-C8 esters or C4-C8 esters.
- Low-boiling components can also be formed by not completely reacting isosorbide esters (monoesters) remaining in the product or being formed during the work-up after the reaction, for example by partial hydrolysis.
- both shorter-chain and longer-chain carboxylic acids may be included, such as in so-called Precursor fatty acids which are obtainable from palm kernel oil or coconut oil and are commercially available, for example, as Edenor V85 (Emery) or C-810L (P & G Chemicals).
- the proportion of high boilers is less than 15 area% based on the ester signals of the composition.
- the proportion of high boilers is less than 5 area% based on the ester signals of the composition. In a further embodiment, the proportion of high boilers is less than 2.5 area% based on the ester signals of the composition.
- the proportion of low boilers is less than 4.5 area% based on the ester signals of the composition.
- the proportion of low-boiling components is less than 2.5 area%, based on the ester signals of the composition.
- the proportion of low-boiling components is less than 1 area%, based on the ester signals of the composition.
- ester signals that is, low boilers and high boilers as defined above, and the diester mixture itself are used, i. Solvent or carboxylic acid signals are not integrated.
- a lower proportion of low-boiling components improves certain performance properties.
- polymer composition which comprises one of the ester mixtures described above or one of the previously described compositions includes.
- This polymer composition may also comprise one or more other plasticizers in addition to the ester mixtures of the invention.
- the polymer composition comprises one of the ester mixtures described above, as well as a polymer.
- the polymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polylactic acid (PLA), polyurethane or polyhydroxyalkanoates, more preferably PVC.
- the polymer composition comprises one of the previously described compositions, as well as a polymer.
- the polymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polylactic acid (PLA), polyurethane or polyhydroxyalkanoates, more preferably PVC.
- plasticizer for a polymer, particularly preferably as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- composition as a plasticizer is claimed.
- a plasticizer for a polymer particularly preferably as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- a further object was to provide a method by which a diester or a diester-based dianhydrohexitol-based diester mixture having improved performance properties can be prepared.
- the object is achieved by a method according to claim 13.
- the proportion of low-boiling components as well as the proportion of high-boiling components in the product mixture can be controlled by controlling the proportion of monoesters in the reaction mixture.
- the proportion of monoesters which belong to the low-boiling components increases significantly at the beginning of the reaction.
- the monoesters formed then react in favor of the diesters.
- the fraction of monoester determined by gas chromatography exceeds 25 area%.
- the termination in process step d) is thus carried out after the proportion of monoester has only increased above 2.0 area%, and then falls by the further reaction to the diester in the later course of the reaction, the proportion of monoester less than 2.0 area%.
- the determination of the content of light and high boilers can be done for example by gas chromatography.
- High boilers have a higher retention time on a nonpolar column than the C10, C10 ester.
- the low boilers have a lower retention time on a nonpolar column than the C8, C8 esters.
- the assignment of the signals in the gas chromatogram by means of GC / MS investigations.
- ester signals that is, low boilers and high boilers according to the above definition, and the diester mixture itself are used, i. Solvent or carboxylic acid signals are not integrated.
- Termination of the reaction is to be understood as cooling the reaction mass by more than 20 K compared to the previously set reaction temperature.
- the cooling can be done actively by cooling, or passive, characterized in that the heating element is switched off, and no further heat is supplied. This process can be used, for example, to prepare the ester mixtures described above.
- the dianhydrohexitol provided in process step a) is isosorbide.
- the termination takes place in process step d) as soon as the proportion of monoester has fallen below 1, 6 area%.
- the proportion of low-boiling components can be kept low.
- the termination takes place in process step d) as soon as the proportion of monoester has fallen below 1, 0 area%.
- the proportion of low-boiling components can be kept to a particularly low value.
- a catalyst mixture is used in process step c) which, in addition to hypophosphorous acid, may additionally comprise acidic ion exchangers, sulfuric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid or metal-containing catalysts such as, for example, tetraalkyl titanates.
- the carboxylic acids in process step b) are n-octanoic acid and n-decanoic acid.
- ester mixtures prepared by using these carboxylic acids have particularly good performance properties.
- step b) n-octanoic acid and n-decanoic acid are added in a molar ratio which is in the range of 85:15 and 45:55. By using the carboxylic acids in this ratio, it was possible to prepare ester mixtures which have particularly good performance properties.
- n-octanoic acid and n-decanoic acid are added in process step b) in a molar ratio which is in the range of 80:20 and 45:55.
- ester mixtures which have outstanding performance properties.
- ester mixtures which are obtainable by one of the methods described above are also claimed.
- ester mixtures are claimed, which were prepared by one of the methods described above.
- a dianhydrohexitol or a product having at least 95% by mass of dianhydrohexitol can be esterified with the corresponding carboxylic acids, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, preferably in the presence of hypophosphorous acid.
- the carboxylic acids or the carboxylic acid mixture used to form the ester are preferably used in excess, preferably with a molar excess of from 5 to 50 mol%, in particular from 10 to 30 mol% of the molar amount necessary for forming the diester.
- the dianhydrohexitol compound used as starting material may in particular be an isosorbide.
- the isosorbide may be solid isosorbide or aqueous isosorbide solutions.
- the carboxylic acid (s) thus serve as entrainer.
- the comparative sample ISDIN-IS (for the preparation of formulation 2 from Table 2) was prepared according to WO2008 / 095571, Examples 1 and 2.
- the apparatus was purged for one hour at 6 IN 2 / hour over the dip tube prior to initiating the reaction.
- the reaction proceeded under nitrogen sparging.
- the reaction mixture was slowly heated to 240 ° C. with stirring.
- the boiling point was about 200 ° C.
- the by-product was water, which was continuously removed from the reaction via the water separator.
- the reaction time was about 4.5 hours.
- the conversion was monitored by gas chromatography. The approach was discontinued as soon as the proportion of monoester had fallen below 2.0 area%.
- the reaction effluent from the esterification was transferred to a 1 l flask and, after addition of 2% by mass of activated carbon (CAP Super type from Norit), connected to a Ciaisen bridge with a vacuum divider. A dip tube with nitrogen connection and a thermometer were attached. Then, first at 210 ° C under vacuum ( ⁇ 40 mbar) distilled off most of the excess acid and then the remaining acid by stripping with nitrogen at 190 to 200 ° C separated (about 2 hours). The reaction mass was then cooled to ⁇ 90 ° C and the flask vented with nitrogen. The ester was filtered through a Buchner funnel with filter paper and pre-pressed filter cake of filter aid (Perlite type D14) via a suction bottle. On the filtrate, a GC analysis was performed.
- activated carbon CAP Super type from Norit
- the product 11 (see Table 1) was synthesized according to the following procedure:
- the apparatus was purged for one hour at 6 IN 2 / hour over the dip tube prior to initiating the reaction.
- the reaction proceeded under nitrogen sparging.
- the reaction mixture was slowly heated to 240 ° C. with stirring.
- the boiling point was about 192 ° C.
- the by-product was water, which was continuously removed from the reaction via the water separator.
- the reaction time was about 7 hours.
- the reaction effluent from the esterification was transferred to a 2 l flask and, after addition of 2% by mass of activated carbon (CAP Super type from Norit), connected to a Ciaisen bridge with vacuum divider. A dip tube with nitrogen connection and a thermometer were attached. Then, first at 210 ° C under vacuum ( ⁇ 40 mbar), most of the excess acid was distilled off. The batch was cooled in nitrogen flow by injecting water at 100 ° C. The batch was dried in vacuo ( ⁇ 40 mbar) for 20 min and then aerated with nitrogen.
- CAP Super type activated carbon
- the apparatus was purged for one hour at 6 IN 2 / hour over the dip tube prior to initiating the reaction.
- the reaction proceeded under nitrogen sparging.
- the reaction mixture was slowly heated to 240 ° C. with stirring.
- the boiling point was about 200 ° C.
- the by-product was water, which was continuously removed from the reaction via the water separator.
- the reaction time was about 2.5 hours.
- the conversion was monitored by gas chromatography. The reaction was stopped before the content of monoester had fallen below 2.0 area%.
- the reaction effluent from the esterification was transferred to a 2 l flask and, after addition of 2% by mass of activated carbon (CAP Super type from Norit), connected to a Ciaisen bridge with vacuum divider. A dip tube with nitrogen connection and a thermometer were attached. Then, first at 210 ° C under vacuum ( ⁇ 40 mbar) distilled off most of the excess acid and then, the remaining acid by stripping with nitrogen at 190 to 200 ° C separated (about 2 hours). The reaction mass was then cooled to ⁇ 90 ° C and the flask vented with nitrogen. Then the reaction mixture with 2 mass% of Al 2 0 3 was added and stirred for 60 min at about 80 ° C.
- activated carbon CAP Super type from Norit
- the ester was filtered through a Buchner funnel with filter paper and pre-pressed filter cake of filter aid (Perlite type D14) via a suction bottle. On the filtrate, a GC analysis was performed.
- the product 13 (see Table 1) was synthesized according to the following procedure:
- the apparatus was purged for one hour at 6 IN 2 / hour over the dip tube prior to initiating the reaction.
- the reaction proceeded under nitrogen sparging.
- the reaction mixture was slowly heated to 180 ° C. with stirring.
- the by-product was water, which was continuously removed from the reaction via the water separator.
- about 58 ml (3.2 mol) of water of reaction were obtained.
- the conversion was monitored by gas chromatography. The approach was not turned off when the proportion of monoester had fallen below 2.0 area%, and had not fallen below than the proportion of monoester 1, 0 area%.
- the reaction time was about 15 hours. Thereafter, the reaction was stopped and again the proportion of high and low boilers determined (see Table 1).
- the reaction effluent from the esterification was transferred to a 2 l flask and, after addition of 2% by mass of activated carbon (CAP Super type from Norit), connected to a Ciaisen bridge with vacuum divider. A dip tube with nitrogen connection and a thermometer were attached. Then, first at 210 ° C under vacuum ( ⁇ 40 mbar) distilled off most of the excess acid and then, the remaining acid by stripping with nitrogen at 190 to 200 ° C separated (about 2 hours). The reaction mass was then cooled to ⁇ 90 ° C and the flask vented with nitrogen. The ester was filtered through a Buchner funnel with filter paper and pre-pressed filter cake of filter aid (Perlite type D14) via a suction bottle. On the filtrate, a GC analysis was performed. Product 14 (see Table 1) was synthesized according to the following procedure:
- the apparatus was purged for one hour at 6 IN 2 / hour over the dip tube prior to initiating the reaction.
- the reaction proceeded under nitrogen sparging.
- the reaction mixture was slowly heated to 145 ° C. with stirring.
- the by-product was water, which was continuously removed from the reaction via the water separator.
- about 1 10 ml (6.1 mol) of water of reaction fell on.
- the conversion was monitored by gas chromatography. The approach was not turned off when the proportion of monoester had fallen below 2.0 area%, and had not fallen below than the proportion of monoester 1, 0 area%.
- the reaction time was about 8 hours.
- the aim of this synthesis was to generate a large proportion of high-boiling compounds.
- the reaction effluent from the esterification was transferred to a 2 l flask and, after addition of 2% by mass of activated carbon (CAP Super type from Norit), connected to a Ciaisen bridge with vacuum divider. A dip tube with nitrogen connection and a thermometer were attached. Then, first at 210 ° C under vacuum ( ⁇ 40 mbar) distilled off most of the excess acid and then the remaining acid by stripping with nitrogen at 190 to 200 ° C separated (about 2 hours). The reaction mass was then cooled to ⁇ 90 ° C and the flask vented with nitrogen. The ester was filtered through a Buchner funnel with filter paper and pre-pressed filter cake of filter aid (Perlite type D14) via a suction bottle. On the filtrate, a GC analysis was performed. Characterization of the ester mixture with respect to the ratio C8 / C10 (analytics):
- the determination of the C8 / C10 ratio of the fatty acids in dianhydrohexitol difatty acid esters can be carried out by transesterification to the methyl esters and subsequent gas chromatographic measurements.
- the samples were modeled on the Ph.Eur. 01/2008: 20422 corrected 6.8, method C (fatty acid determination in polysorbate) worked up and compared with the test mixtures described there
- the sample preparation was carried out as follows:
- 0.1 g NaOH solution (20 g NaOH / l anhydrous methanol) was added to 0.1 g sample and refluxed for 30 minutes. Subsequently, 2.0 ml of methanolic boron trifluoride solution (140 mg / ml) was added and heated under reflux for a further 30 minutes.
- Capillary column 30 m DB-WAX; 0.32 mm ID; 0.5 ⁇ film
- Carrier gas helium
- Oven temperature 80 ° C - 10 ° C / min - 220 ° C (40 min)
- Injection volume 1, 0 ⁇
- the identification of the components in the chromatogram of the sample was carried out by means of a comparison solution of the relevant fatty acid methyl esters. In this case, these are the methyl esters of caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric and myristic. This was followed by normalization of the signals in the chromatogram of the sample to 100 area%.
- the calculation of the mass ratio was carried out by means of a calculated response factor between the C8 and C10 fatty acid methyl ester and standardization of the two components to 100%. This results in the C8 / C10 ratio as normalized mass%.
- Ester mixtures were prepared by the method described above, in which n-octanoic acid and n-decanoic acid were used in the following molar ratios: 85:15, 75:25, 65:35, 58:42, 57:43, 50: 50, 40:60, 25:75.
- Table 1 Use ratio and product composition of the listed isosorbide diesters.
- a PVC plastisol has been produced, such as used in the manufacture of top coat films for floor coverings.
- the information in the Plastisolrezepturen are each in parts by weight.
- Vestolit B 7021 -Ultra was used as PVC.
- Diisononyl phthalate (DINP, VESTINOL 9 from Evonik Industries) and the isosorbide diester based on isononanoic acid (ISDIN-IS) were used as reference substances.
- the formulations of the polymer compositions are listed in Table 2.
- the plasticizers were heated to 25 ° C prior to addition.
- the liquid ingredients and then the powdered ones were weighed into a PE beaker.
- the mixture was stirred with an ointment spatula so that no unwetted powder was present.
- the mixing cup was then clamped in the clamping device of a dissolver stirrer. Before immersing the stirrer in the mixture, the speed was set to 1800 rpm. After switching on the stirrer, stirring was continued until the temperature at the digital indicator of the thermocouple reached 30.0 ° C. This ensured that the homogenization of the plastisol was achieved with a defined energy input. Thereafter, the plastisol was immediately heated at 25.0 ° C.
- the viscosity of the PVC plastisols was measured with a Physica MCR 101 (Anton Paar) using the rotation mode and the "CC27" measuring system.
- the plastisol was first homogenized again in the batch tank by stirring with a spatula, then filled into the measuring system and measured isothermally at 25 ° C. During the measurement, the following points were controlled:
- a shear rate down ramp starting at 200 s "1 and ending at 0.1 s " 1 , divided into a logarithmic series of 30 steps each with a 5 second measurement point duration.
- the measurements were usually carried out (if not stated otherwise) after 24 h storage / maturation of the plastisols. Between measurements the plastisols were stored at 25 ° C.
- the viscosities for the PVC pastes at a shear rate of 100 s -1 are listed in the following Table 3. The paste number here correlates with the recipe number from Table 2.
- the pastes of the polymer compositions according to the invention have a significantly lower paste viscosity than the paste comprising ISDIN-IS (paste number 2).
- ISDIN-IS not inventive polymer composition 2
- pure ISDIN-IS can be difficult to produce a good processable PVC paste, since this shows a very high paste viscosity.
- PVC pastes based on a polymer composition according to the invention in comparison with an analog paste based on an isosorbide ester of isononanoic acid, regardless of the shear rate, have a lower shear viscosity and thus an improved processability.
- the examination of the gelling behavior of the pastes was carried out in the Physica MCR 101 in oscillatory mode with a plate-plate measuring system (PP25), which was operated under shear stress control. An additional tempering hood was connected to the unit to achieve a homogeneous heat distribution and a uniform sample temperature.
- PP25 plate-plate measuring system
- Heating / cooling rate 5 ° C / min
- Oscillation frequency 4-0.1 Hz ramp logarithmic
- the cross-over temperature is determined. This method calculates the intersection of the two selected y variables. It is used to find the end of the linear viscoelastic region in an amplitude sweep (y: G ', G "; x: gamma) to obtain the crossing frequency in a frequency sweep (y: G', G"; x: frequency). or to determine the gel time or cure temperature (y: G ', G "; x: time or temperature).
- the cross-over temperature documented here corresponds to the temperature of the first intersection of G' and G".
- the pastes containing the polymer composition of the present invention (paste Nos. 3 to 8) have much faster gelation.
- the gelling of the pastes 3 to 8 is also faster than the gelation of the pastes 9 and 10, as well as the paste 1, which includes the previous industry standard DINP.
- the melting points were determined by means of DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), in each case the rise of the melt signal (so-called "onset") was used, in the case of several melting points, the highest melting point was listed, since below this temperature use the first crystallizations.
- plasticizers number 1 and 2 no melting point could be determined. These substances have only a glass transition because they are amorphous.
- High boilers can be formed, for example, at high temperatures at long reaction times or when using certain mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid, or sulfonic acids. This can lead to the ring opening of the dianhydrohexitol, or of the corresponding mono- or diester, to the monoanhydrohexitol or the corresponding esters. The excess of fatty acids can then lead to the formation of di-, tri- and tetra-esters of monoanhydrohexitol. Therefore, the reaction is stopped as soon as the proportion of monoesters in gas chromatographic measurements falls below a certain value.
- low boilers leads even at low mass fractions to a deterioration of plasticizer performance, especially the extraction in water and the volatility.
- An example of such low boilers are the monoesters.
- reaction time and temperature must therefore be optimized so that as complete a conversion of dianhydrosorbitol and Monoester takes place without at the same time high boiling points are formed to any appreciable extent. This was achieved by stopping the reaction as soon as the proportion of monoesters had fallen below a certain value in gas chromatographic measurements.
- the content of light and high boilers was determined by gas chromatography.
- High boilers have a higher retention time on a nonpolar column than the C10, C10 ester.
- the low boilers have a lower retention time on a nonpolar column than the C8, C8 esters.
- the assignment of the signals in the gas chromatogram by means of GC / MS investigations.
- 0.1 g of sample were dissolved in 1.5 ml of acetone and transferred to a GC vial.
- the gas chromatographic investigations can in principle be carried out with any commercially available GC apparatus with suitable nonpolar column.
- a device of type 6890 N from Agilent was used for the present gas chromatographic investigations. The temperature of the furnace was held at 120 ° C for 1.4 minutes, then raised to 350 ° C at a heating rate of 12.5 K / min and held there for an additional 17 minutes.
- the gas chromatographic spectra were recorded on an Agilent HP5 column, using a FID detector, with helium as the carrier gas.
- Other commercially available GC instruments will give comparable results with the same operating parameters.
- the assignment of the signals must also be carried out once in this case via GC / MS measurements.
- the range of Dianhydrohexitoldifettklaester in the example considered between 15 and 22 min.
- the low boilers are detected between 6 and 15 minutes, the high boilers between 22 and 32 minutes.
- a PVC plastisol has been produced, such as used in the manufacture of top coat films for floor coverings.
- the information in the Plastisolrezepturen are each in parts by weight.
- Vestolit B 7021 -Ultra was used as PVC.
- C8: C10 indicates the ratio of n-octanoic acid to n-decanoic acid in which these were used as starting materials in the synthesis.
- the formulations of the polymer compositions are listed in Table 6. The recipe number correlates with the number from the first column in Table 1.
- a polymer composition comprising an ester mixture prepared by a process according to the invention
- each formulation also contains 3 parts by weight of an epoxidized soybean oil as a co-stabilizer (Drapex 39) and 2 parts by weight of a Ca / Zn-based thermal stabilizer (Mark CZ 149).
- the ester mixtures were heated to 25 ° C. before addition. First, the liquid ingredients and then the powdered ones were weighed into a PE beaker. By hand, the mixture was stirred with an ointment spatula so that no unwetted powder was present. The mixing cup was then clamped in the clamping device of a dissolver stirrer. Before immersing the stirrer in the mixture, the speed was set to 1800 rpm. After switching on the stirrer was so long stirred until the temperature at the digital readout of the thermocouple reached 30.0 ° C. This ensured that the homogenization of the plastisol was achieved with a defined energy input. Thereafter, the plastisol was immediately heated at 25.0 ° C. 2. Volatility
- the volatility of the plasticizers was determined using the halogen dryer HB 43-S from Mettler Toledo. Before the measurement, an empty clean aluminum tray was placed in the weighing pan. Thereafter, the aluminum tray was tared with a nonwoven and about five grams of plasticizer pipetted on the fleece and weighed exactly.
- the measurement was started and the sample was heated from room temperature to 200 ° C at the maximum heating rate (default setting) and the corresponding loss of mass due to evaporation was automatically determined by weighing every 30 seconds. After 10 minutes, the measurement was automatically stopped by the device. From each sample, a duplicate determination was made.
- the polymer composition comprising an ester mixture prepared by a process not according to the invention shows a significantly higher mass loss than those polymer compositions comprising an ester mixture prepared by a process according to the invention (WM No. 7, 11, 13).
- Aging resistance under various environmental conditions is another key quality criterion for PVC plasticizers. Especially the behavior to water (water absorption & washout of formulation ingredients) and to elevated temperatures (evaporation of recipe constituents & thermal aging) offers an insight into the aging resistance.
- a plastic article absorbs water to a greater extent, this changes its material properties on the one hand, and its visual appearance (for example, cloudiness) on the other. A high water absorption is therefore generally undesirable.
- the washout behavior is an additional criterion for the permanence of the formulation ingredients under use conditions. This applies in particular to stabilizers, plasticizers and / or their constituents, since a reduction in concentration in the plastic article in the case of these formulation constituents can both deteriorate the material properties and dramatically reduce the service life.
- test specimen For the determination of the water resistance, gelled 1 mm polymer films prepared from the corresponding plastisols (gelling conditions in Mathis oven: 200 ° C / 2 min.) Were used.
- test specimen foil circles with a diameter of 3 cm were cut out.
- the test specimens were stored at 25 ° C. for 24 hours in a desiccator equipped with desiccant (KC-T rocker beads, BASF SE). The initial weight (weighed in) was determined to the nearest 0.1 mg with an analytical balance.
- the test specimens were then stored in a shaking bath (type "WNB 22" with Peltier cooling device "CDP", Memmert GmbH) filled with demineralised (VE) water at a temperature of 30 ° C.
- the mass loss of the specimen 1 1 is slightly increased compared to the loss of mass of the specimen 7, that of the specimen 12 with a high Schosiederanteil is significantly increased.
- the Shore hardness is a measure of the softness of a specimen. The further a standardized needle can penetrate into the sample body during a certain measuring period, the lower the measured value will be.
- the plasticizer with the highest efficiency gives the lowest value for the Shore hardness with the same amount of plasticizer. Since formulations / formulations are frequently adjusted or optimized in practice to a specific Shore hardness, it is therefore possible to save a certain proportion in the formulation in the case of very efficient plasticizers, which means a cost reduction for the processor.
- the pastes produced as described above were poured into circular molds made of brass with a diameter of 42 mm (weight: 20.0 g).
- the pastes in the molds were then gelled at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes in a convection oven, removed after cooling and stored in the climatic chamber (25 ° C.) for at least 24 hours before the measurement.
- the thickness of the discs was about 12 mm.
- the hardness measurements were carried out in accordance with DIN 53 505 with a Shore A measuring device from Zwick-Roell, the measured value was read off in each case after 3 seconds. Measurements were taken at three different sites on each test specimen and an average was formed.
- the test specimen 2 which contains Isosorbidester based on isononanic acid (ISDIN-IS) as a plasticizer
- the test specimens 3 - 10 and 1 1 - 13 a lower Shore A hardness, ie a greater "softness" on
- ester mixtures can be provided which have a better efficiency in PVC mixtures than ISDIN-IS, thus saving on plasticizers, which leads to lower formulation costs
- Formulation 14 which comprises an ester mixture which does not correspond to one has been prepared according to the invention, has a significantly higher Shore hardness.
- a foamed product for example in the case of floor coverings, can bring the advantage of better footfall sound insulation.
- the quality of the foaming is dependent on the formulation of many components, in addition to the type and amount of the foaming agent and the PVC type used and the plasticizer play an important role.
- the task of the plasticizers is therefore to To provide foamable compositions which have a low volatility, and allow faster processing at lower temperatures.
- a foamable composition generally contains a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl butyrate,
- Polyalkylmethacrylat and copolymers a foaming agent and / or foam stabilizer and a plasticizer.
- a plastisol according to the invention stands u.a. Exemplary for thermally expandable plastisols, which are used in the production of floor coverings.
- the following plastisols according to the invention are exemplary of foam layers which are used as backsheets in multilayer PVC floors.
- the formulations shown are kept general, and can or must be adapted by the skilled person to the specific application and use requirements existing in the respective field of application.
- Table 10 Composition of the expandable PVC plastisols from Example S1.
- Vinnolit MP 6852 microsuspension PVC (homopolymer) with K value (according to DIN EN ISO 1628-2) of 68; Fa. Vinnolit GmbH & Co KG.
- VESTINOL® 9 diisononyl (ortho) phthalate (DINP), plasticizer; Fa. Evonik Industries AG.
- Isosorbide ester Dianhydrohexitol fatty acid ester having a composition according to compound no. 7 from Table 1.
- Unifoam AZ Ultra 7043 azodicarbonamide; thermally activated blowing agent; Fa. Hebron SA Zinc oxide: ZnO; Thermal propellant decomposition catalyst; lowers the substantive decomposition temperature of the propellant; simultaneously acts as a stabilizer; "Zinc oxide active ®";.. From Lanxess AG The zinc oxide was premixed with a sufficient portion of (1 phr) of the plasticizer used in each case and subsequently added to the liquid and solid constituents of the formulation were weighed into separate a suitable PE beaker was by hand.. The mixture was stirred with an ointment spatula so that no unwetted powder was left in.
- the plastisols were mixed with a VDKV30-3 circular dissolver (from Niemann) .
- the mixing cup was clamped in the clamping device of the dissolver stirrer , finely toothed, 0: 50 mm), the sample was homogenized, increasing the speed of the dissolver from 330 rpm continuously to 2000 rpm, and stirring until the temperature at the digital readout of the thermocouple was 30.0 ° C (increase in temperature due to friction energy / energy dissipation, see, for example, NPCheremisinoff: "An Introduction to Polymer Rhe ology and Processing "; CRC Press; London; 1993). This ensured that the homogenization of the plastisol was achieved with a defined energy input. Thereafter, the plastisol was immediately heated at 25.0 ° C.
- the foaming behavior was determined with the aid of a caliper knife suitable for soft PVC measurements (KXL047, Mitutoyo) with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.
- a doctor blade gap of 1 mm was set on the doctor blade of a Mathis Labcoaters (type: LTE-TS, manufacturer: W. Mathis AG). This was checked with a feeler gauge and readjusted if necessary.
- the plastisols were knife-coated onto a release paper clamped in a frame (Warran Release Paper, Sappi Ltd.) by means of the doctor blade of Mathis Labcoaters.
- a gelled and unfoamed film was prepared at 200 ° C / 30 seconds residence time.
- the measurement of the thickness was carried out at three different locations of the film.
- Table 1 1 Expansion of the polymer foams or foamed films produced from the thermally expandable plastisols (according to Ex. S1) at different furnace residence times in Mathis Labcoater (at 200 ° C.).
- the yellow value (index YD 1925) is a measure of yellow discoloration of a specimen.
- the color measurement of the foam films was carried out with a Spectro Guide from the Byk-Gardner company. As background for the color measurements a (commercial) white reference tile was used. The following parameters have been set:
- Example S2 The determined yellowness of the polymer foams or foam foils prepared in Example S2 is in the following table (12).
- Table 12 Yellowness values (Y D1925) of the polymer foams prepared according to Example S1. Plastisol formulation (according to example S1) 7 *
- the yellowness values of the foams are close to each other over the entire residence time period. After 120 and 150 seconds, the yellow value is even at a lower level.
- the expansion rates and yellowness values show that rapid processing with the plastisols according to the invention is possible.
- foams containing fillers and / or pigments as well as effect or smooth foams can also be produced with the esters according to the invention.
- Foams with special surface structure are referred to here as effect foams.
- These foams are often referred to as "boucle foams" (according to the appearance pattern known from the textile field).
- Suitable fillers are, for example, calcium carbonates, silicates, talc, kaolin, mica, feldspar, wollastonite, sulfates, carbon black and microspheres Fillers are frequently used with a maximum of 150 parts by mass, preferably with a maximum of 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of polymer used.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12808810.1A EP2794614A1 (de) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | Dianhydrohexitoldiestergemisch gc |
BR112014015147A BR112014015147A2 (pt) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | mistura de diéster de dianidrohexitol gc |
CN201280063815.3A CN103998452B (zh) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | 双无水己糖醇二酯混合物gc |
KR1020147016585A KR102115332B1 (ko) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | 디안히드로헥시톨 디에스테르 혼합물 gc |
SG11201403503RA SG11201403503RA (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | Dianhydrohexitol diester mixture gc |
JP2014547947A JP2015502965A (ja) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | ジアンヒドロヘキシトールジエステル混合物gc |
US14/367,636 US9493632B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | Dianhydrohexitol diester mixture GC |
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DE102011089495.0 | 2011-12-21 | ||
DE102011089495A DE102011089495A1 (de) | 2011-12-21 | 2011-12-21 | Dianhydrohexitoldiestergemisch GC |
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US (1) | US9493632B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2794614A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2015502965A (de) |
KR (1) | KR102115332B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103998452B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112014015147A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102011089495A1 (de) |
SG (1) | SG11201403503RA (de) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014080152A1 (fr) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-30 | Roquette Freres | Procédé de fabrication de compositions complexes de diesters mixtes de 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydrohexitol |
US9505909B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2016-11-29 | Roquette Frères | Dianhydrohexitol diester mixture NMR |
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US2387842A (en) | 1944-10-05 | 1945-10-30 | Atlas Powder Co | Hexide diesters |
WO1999045060A1 (en) | 1998-03-04 | 1999-09-10 | Ato B.V. | Bicyclooctane derivatives as plasticisers |
WO2001083488A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2001-11-08 | Ato B.V. | Improved synthesis of anhydroglycitol esters of improved colour |
WO2006103338A1 (fr) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Roquette Freres | Procede de preparation de compositions de diester(s) de dianhydrohexitol |
WO2008095571A1 (de) | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-14 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Gemisch von diestern von dianhydrohexitolderivaten mit carbonsäuren der summenformel c8h17cooh, verfahren zur herstellung dieser diester und verwendung dieser gemische |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ATE391116T1 (de) | 2001-12-14 | 2008-04-15 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrylsäure |
DE102007028702A1 (de) | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dianhydrohexitol-Diestern |
DE102011077857A1 (de) | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-27 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Dianhydrohexitoldiester der 2-Ethylheptansäure |
DE102011077860A1 (de) | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-27 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2-Ethylheptansäure |
DE102011089493A1 (de) | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | Evonik Industries Ag | Dianhydrohexitoldiestergemisch NMR |
-
2011
- 2011-12-21 DE DE102011089495A patent/DE102011089495A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-12-19 BR BR112014015147A patent/BR112014015147A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-12-19 EP EP12808810.1A patent/EP2794614A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-19 CN CN201280063815.3A patent/CN103998452B/zh active Active
- 2012-12-19 KR KR1020147016585A patent/KR102115332B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-12-19 SG SG11201403503RA patent/SG11201403503RA/en unknown
- 2012-12-19 US US14/367,636 patent/US9493632B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-12-19 WO PCT/EP2012/076064 patent/WO2013092649A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-12-19 JP JP2014547947A patent/JP2015502965A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
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US2387842A (en) | 1944-10-05 | 1945-10-30 | Atlas Powder Co | Hexide diesters |
WO1999045060A1 (en) | 1998-03-04 | 1999-09-10 | Ato B.V. | Bicyclooctane derivatives as plasticisers |
WO2001083488A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2001-11-08 | Ato B.V. | Improved synthesis of anhydroglycitol esters of improved colour |
WO2006103338A1 (fr) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Roquette Freres | Procede de preparation de compositions de diester(s) de dianhydrohexitol |
WO2008095571A1 (de) | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-14 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Gemisch von diestern von dianhydrohexitolderivaten mit carbonsäuren der summenformel c8h17cooh, verfahren zur herstellung dieser diester und verwendung dieser gemische |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9505909B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2016-11-29 | Roquette Frères | Dianhydrohexitol diester mixture NMR |
WO2014080152A1 (fr) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-30 | Roquette Freres | Procédé de fabrication de compositions complexes de diesters mixtes de 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydrohexitol |
WO2014080151A1 (fr) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-30 | Roquette Freres | Compositions de diesters mixtes de 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydrohexitol |
CN104812759A (zh) * | 2012-11-26 | 2015-07-29 | 罗盖特公司 | 用于生产1,4:3,6-双脱水己糖醇的混合二酯的复杂组合物的方法 |
US20150291614A1 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2015-10-15 | Roquette Freres | Method for producing complex compositions of mixed diesters of 1,4: 3,6- dianhydrohexitol |
US20150322238A1 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2015-11-12 | Roquette Freres | Compositions of mixed diesters of 1,4: 3,6-dianhydrohexitol |
JP2015537038A (ja) * | 2012-11-26 | 2015-12-24 | ロケット フレールRoquette Freres | 1,4:3,6−ジアンヒドロヘキシトールの混合ジエステルの組成物 |
CN104812759B (zh) * | 2012-11-26 | 2018-04-20 | 罗盖特公司 | 用于生产1,4:3,6‑双脱水己糖醇的混合二酯的复杂组合物的方法 |
US10640626B2 (en) | 2012-11-26 | 2020-05-05 | Roquette Freres | Compositions of mixed diesters of 1,4: 3,6-dianhydrohexitol |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR102115332B1 (ko) | 2020-05-26 |
DE102011089495A1 (de) | 2013-06-27 |
EP2794614A1 (de) | 2014-10-29 |
JP2015502965A (ja) | 2015-01-29 |
KR20140106574A (ko) | 2014-09-03 |
US20150152245A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
SG11201403503RA (en) | 2014-10-30 |
US9493632B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
BR112014015147A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
CN103998452B (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
CN103998452A (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
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