Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
  • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
  • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
  • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
  • A61B5/083—Measuring rate of metabolism by using breath test, e.g. measuring rate of oxygen consumption
  • A61B5/0836—Measuring rate of CO2 production
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
  • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
  • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
  • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
  • G01N21/031—Multipass arrangements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
  • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
  • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
  • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
  • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
  • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
  • A61M2016/102—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
  • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
  • G01N2021/8578—Gaseous flow
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
  • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
  • G01N2201/063—Illuminating optical parts
  • G01N2201/0636—Reflectors

Definitions

• the present disclosure pertains to a method and apparatus for monitoring composition of a flow of breathable gas using an emitter and detector that are located on the same side of the flow of breathable gas.
• ND non-dispersive
• the gas measurement module configured to monitor composition of a flow of breathable gas within a respiratory circuit that is in fluid communication with an airway of a subject.
• the gas measurement module comprises an emitter, a detector, and optical elements.
• the emitter is configured to emit infrared electromagnetic radiation.
• the detector is configured to generate output signals conveying information related to one or more parameters of electromagnetic radiation that becomes incident thereon.
• the optical elements are configured to guide the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter into a sampling chamber through a first side.
• the sampling chamber has a first opening and a second opening, and is configured to form a flow path between the first opening and the second opening such that the flow of breathable gas within the respiratory circuit passes therethrough.
• the optical elements are configured to guide the emitted electromagnetic radiation through the first side of the sampling chamber, across the sampling chamber to a second side of the sampling chamber that is opposite to the first side of the sampling chamber, back across the sampling chamber to the first side of the sampling chamber, and onto the detector such that the output signals generated by the detector convey information related to one or more parameters of the emitted
• At least one of the optical elements is a toric element.
• Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of
• the method comprises emitting infrared electromagnetic radiation; guiding the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter into a sampling chamber through a first side, across the sampling chamber to a second side of the sampling chamber that is opposite to the first side of the sampling chamber, back across the sampling chamber to the first side of the sampling chamber, and onto the detector, wherein the sampling chamber has a first opening and a second opening, and is configured to form a flow path between the first opening and the second opening such that the flow of breathable gas within the respiratory circuit passes therethrough such that the electromagnetic radiation passes back and forth across the flow path and the flow of breathable gas therein, and wherein the guiding is performed in part by at least one toric optical element; and generating output signals conveying information related to one or more parameters of the electromagnetic radiation that has traversed the sampling chamber and the flow of breathable gas therein twice.
• Still another aspect of present disclosure relates to a system for monitoring composition of a flow of breathable gas within a respiratory circuit that is in fluid communication with an airway of a subject.
• the system comprises means for emitting infrared electromagnetic radiation; means for generating output signals conveying information related to one or more parameters of electromagnetic radiation that becomes incident thereon; and means for guiding the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter into a sampling chamber through a first side, across the sampling chamber to a second side of the sampling chamber that is opposite to the first side of the sampling chamber, back across the sampling chamber to the first side of the sampling chamber, and onto the means for generating such that the output signals convey information related to one or more parameters of electromagnetic radiation that has traversed the sampling chamber and the flow of breathable gas twice, wherein the sampling chamber has a first opening and a second opening, and is configured to form a flow path between the first opening and the second opening such that the flow of breathable gas within the respiratory circuit passes therethrough such that the electromagnetic radiation passes back and forth across the flow path and
• FIG. 1 is a system configured to monitor composition of a flow of
• FIG. 2 is an airway adapter and gas measurement module
• FIG. 3 is a is an airway adapter and gas measurement module
• FIG. 4 illustrates an optical system of a gas measurement module
• FIG. 5 illustrates an optical system of a gas measurement module
• FIG. 6 illustrates an optical system of a gas measurement module
• FIG. 7 illustrates a method of monitoring composition of a flow of breathable gas being delivered to a subject.
• the word "unitary” means a component is created as a single piece or unit. That is, a component that includes pieces that are created separately and then coupled together as a unit is not a “unitary” component or body.
• the statement that two or more parts or components "engage” one another shall mean that the parts exert a force against one another either directly or through one or more intermediate parts or components.
• the term “number” shall mean one or an integer greater than one (i.e., a plurality).
• top, bottom, left, right, upper, lower, front, back, and derivatives thereof, relate to the orientation of the elements shown in the drawings and are not limiting upon the claims unless expressly recited therein.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a system 10 configured to analyze the composition of gas within a respiratory circuit 12 from which a subject 14 may receive ventilation therapy.
• the respiratory circuit 12 is connected at one end to a pressure generator configured to generate a pressurized flow of breathable gas for delivery to the airway of subject 14 through respiratory circuit 12.
• system 10 includes a gas measurement module 16.
• the respiratory circuit 12 includes a circuit conduit 18 and a subject interface appliance 20. In a number of different therapeutic scenarios, an airway of subject 14 is engaged to place respiratory circuit 12 in fluid communication with the airway of subject 14. The airway of subject 14 is engaged, and placed in fluid communication with respiratory circuit 12, by subject interface appliance 20.
• the subject interface appliance 20 may engage one or more orifices of the airway of subject 14 in a sealed or unsealed manner.
• Some examples of subject interface appliance 20 may include, for example, an endotracheal tube, a nasal cannula, a tracheotomy tube, a nasal mask, a nasal/oral mask, a full face mask, a total face mask, a partial rebreathing mask, or other interface appliances that communicate a flow of gas with an airway of a subject.
• the present invention is not limited to these examples, and contemplates implementation of any subject interface.
• circuit conduit 18 is configured to convey gas toward and away from subject interface appliance 20.
• circuit conduit 18 may include a flexible conduit.
• circuit conduit 18 is not necessarily limited to a tubular member that conveys pressurized gas flows to and/or from subject interface appliance 20.
• the circuit conduit 18 may include any hollow body, container, and/or chamber placed in fluid communication with the airway of subject 14 by subject interface appliance 20.
• the circuit conduit 18 includes a dock to which gas measurement module
• FIG. 2 is an exploded view of airway adapter 22 and gas measurement module 16.
• Airway adaptor 22 includes a first opening 24 and a second opening 26, and is configured to form a flow path therebetween such that the flow of breathable gas within respiratory circuit 12 is conveyed through airway adapter 22.
• Airway adapter 22 can be a one-piece unit molded from Valox polyester and/or other polymers. Airway adapter 22 has a generally
• the central section 32 of airway adapter 22 provides a seat for gas measurement module 16.
• An integral, U-shaped casing element 34 positively locates gas measurement module 16 endwise of airway adapter 22 and, also, in that transverse direction indicated by arrow 36 in FIG. 1.
• Arrow 36 also shows the direction in which airway adapter 22 is displaced to assemble it to gas measurement module 16.
• Windows 38 are formed in the center section 32 of airway adapter 22 on a first side 40 and a second side 42 of airway adapter 22. Windows 38 are formed from one or more materials that are optically transmissive for infrared electromagnetic radiation.
• the gas measurement module 16 is configured to analyze the composition of gas within respiratory circuit 12.
• the gas measurement module 16 includes a housing 44 that houses and/or carries optical and/or electronic components that facilitate analysis of the composition of the gas within the sampling chamber formed by gas measurement module 16.
• gas measurement module 16 is configured to direct infrared electromagnetic radiation across the sampling chamber of airway adapter 22 through windows 38, to receive the infrared electromagnetic radiation, and to generate output signals conveying information related to one or more parameters of the received electromagnetic radiation.
• the one or more parameters may include one or more of intensity, phase, flux, wavelength, and/or other parameters. These output signals can be used to determine composition of the gas within the sampling chamber.
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic, sectional view of gas measurement module 16 and airway adapter 22 connected for operation.
• This view shows the sampling chamber 46 formed within airway adapter 22.
• housing 44 has a "U" shaped cross-section, and encloses a emitter 48, a detector 50, and/or other components.
• Two opposing legs of the "U" shaped housing 44 define opposite sides of a gap therebetween. In the leg on one side of the gap emitter 48 and detector 50 are disposed.
• the gas measurement module 16 also includes self- contained electronics disposed within the housing 44 (not shown).
• Windows 51 are formed from one or more materials that are transmissive for infrared electromagnetic radiation such that infrared electromagnetic radiation can pass along an optical path through both windows 38 and 51 to travel between sampling chamber 46 and the interior of housing 44.
• Emitter 48 is a radiation source that produces broadband radiation
• MWIR Mod- Wavelength InfraRed
• Infrared radiation generally refers to radiation occupying a band of wavelengths in the optical spectrum between 0.7 ⁇ and 300 ⁇ .
• MWIR generally refers to a mid-wavelength subset of the infrared radiation band between 3 ⁇ and 8 ⁇ .
• MWIR radiation emitted by emitter 48 includes a reference wavelength and a carbon dioxide wavelength (AREF and ⁇ ⁇ 2 , respectively).
• Emitter 48 may operate substantially as a blackbody for at least a portion of the spectrum (e.g., between 0.7 ⁇ and 300 ⁇ ).
• Detector 50 includes two separate photosensitive sensors 52 and 54.
• the basic principle of operation behind Capnometry/Capnography via detector 50 is that infrared radiation in a band around 4.275 ⁇ experiences increasing absorption (when traveling a fixed-length path through a sample gas) with increasing carbon dioxide concentration - according to a reliably repeatable relationship.
• the absorption of 3.681 ⁇ infrared radiation under the same conditions is essentially unaffected by carbon dioxide concentration.
• infrared radiation at ⁇ > 2 is attenuated according to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the flow of breathable gas.
• Infrared radiation at A REF is unaffected by any carbon dioxide in the body of gas, and varies only with the intensity of the infrared radiation from emitter 48.
• Infrared radiation at A REF is directed to sensor 52, while infrared radiation at Aco 2 is directed to sensor 54.
• gas measurement module 16 further includes optical elements 56 configured to guide electromagnetic radiation emitted by emitter 48 into sampling chamber 46 through first side 40 of sampling chamber 46.
• electromagnetic radiation passes through sampling chamber 46 to second side 42, and is directed by optical elements 56 back toward first side 40.
• the length of the optical path for the electromagnetic radiation through sampling chamber 46 is effectively doubled. This will tend to enhance absorption at Aco 2 for a given level of carbon dioxide.
• This may provide various advantages over systems in which emitter 48 and detector 50 are positioned on opposite sides of sampling chamber 46. For example, the width of sampling chamber 46 may be reduced (e.g., to enhance form factor of airway adapter 22 and/or gas measurement module 16), the accuracy of gas measurement module 16 may be enhanced, and/or other advantages may be realized.
• optical elements 56 receive the electromagnetic radiation back within housing 44 and direct the electromagnetic radiation onto sensors 52 and 54 for detection.
• gas measurement module 16 shown in FIG. 3, with both emitter 48 and sensors 52 and 54 in the same leg of the "U-shaped" housing 44 may have advantages over configurations in which emitter 48 is disposed in one leg of housing 44 while sensors 52 and 54 are disposed in the other leg.
• Such advantages include, for example, enhanced form factor (e.g., the leg without either emitter 48 or sensors 52 and 54 can be smaller and/or removed altogether), enhanced power or temperature management due to the proximity of emitter 48 with sensors 52 and 54, and/or other enhancements.
• FIG. 4 illustrates an optical system 60 of gas measurement module 16.
• optical elements 56 include a source mirror 62, a folding mirror 64, a turning mirror 66, a beam-splitter 68, detector mirrors 70 and 72, and/or other optical components.
• Source mirror 62 is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation emitted by emitter 48 through first side 40 of the airway adapter through window 51 toward window 51 at second side 42 of the airway adapter.
• source mirror 62 is a hyperbolic mirror.
• Folding mirror 64 is configured to direct the emitted electromagnetic radiation back across sampling chamber 46 from second side 42 of the airway adapter toward first side 40 of the airway adapter such that the electromagnetic radiation passes back through window 51 on first side 40 of the airway adapter.
• folding mirror 64 is a focusing mirror.
• the optical path from folding mirror 64 toward detector 50 is slightly transverse to the optical path from source mirror 62 to folding mirror 64. This is so that detector 50 is not positioned between source mirror 62 and folding mirror 64, which would tend to block some of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by emitter 48.
• Turning mirror 66 is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation
• Beam-splitter 68 is configured to divide the electromagnetic radiation into two separate beams that can be directed to sensors 52 and 54.
• Detector mirrors 70 and 72 are configured to receive the separate beams of electromagnetic radiation from beamsplitter 68, and to direct the separate beams of electromagnetic radiation onto sensors 52 and 54, respectively.
• Detector mirrors 70 and 72 may be focusing mirrors to reduce beam size prior to the electromagnetic radiation becoming incident on sensors 52 and 54.
• beam splitter 68 is a dichroic beam splitter.
• electromagnetic radiation back across sampling chamber 46 enables the reflected light to be received at first side 40 of the airway adapter without substantial overlap between incoming and outgoing electromagnetic radiation. This enables the incoming
• the responsive to folding mirror 64 being a spherical focusing mirror the image of the emitted electromagnetic radiation produced by folding mirror 64 will be astigmatic. Such an image has two different focal points in two different planes. Said differently, the astigmatic image of a point source will have a line focus at one focal distance, a line focus at right angle to the first at a different focal distance, and out-of-focus blur in between. This comes about because the tilted folding mirror 64 has two apparent focal distances, one in a plane that includes the axis of tilt, the other in a plane at right angles to the first.
• optical elements 56 include at least one toric element.
• a toric element is an element having an optical surface that is a toroid section.
• the toric element may be, for example, folding mirror 64 or turning mirror 66.
• detector mirror 70 and detector mirror 72 are each toric elements that correct for the astigmatic image in each of the beams of electromagnetic radiation created by beam-splitter 68 separately. It will be appreciated that the description of the at least one toric element being a reflective surface is not intended to be limiting.
• One or more toric lens elements may be included in the optical path of the electromagnetic radiation between emitter 48 and sensors 52 and 54. Other mechanisms for correcting the astigmatic image may be employed.
• Such mechanisms may include, for example, a block of IR transmissive material (e.g., glass or other materials) that is tilted, a holographic mirror, a counter tilted spherical mirror and/or other mechanisms.
• IR transmissive material e.g., glass or other materials
• FIG. 5 illustrates a different view of a configuration of optical system 60 of gas measurement module 16 that is similar to the one depicted in FIG. 4.
• folding mirror 64 is used in place of window 51 on second side 42 of sampling chamber 46. It will be appreciate that this configuration could further be extended such that folding mirror 64 is carried by the airway adapter (e.g., airway adapter 22 shown in FIGS. 1-3), rather than gas measurement module 16.
• the substitution of folding mirror 64 for either of windows 51 and/or 38 may enhance form factor, simplify manufacture, reduce cost, and/or provide other enhancements.
• one or more of optical elements 56 are toric elements to correct for the astigmatic image created by the tilt of folding mirror 64.
• FIG. 6 illustrates yet another configuration of optical system 60 of gas measurement module 16.
• optical elements 56 do not include turning mirror 66. Instead, electromagnetic radiation from folding mirror 64 that has gone back and forth across sampling chamber 46 is received onto beam-splitter 68 without being turned.
• the at least one toric element may include folding mirror 64 and/or detector mirror 70 and detector mirror 72.
• FIG. 7 illustrates a method 80 of monitoring composition of a flow of breathable gas within a respiratory circuit that is in fluid communication with an airway of a subject.
• the operations of method 80 presented below are intended to be illustrative. In some embodiments, method 80 may be accomplished with one or more additional operations not described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed.
• a housing is removably coupled to a sampling chamber.
• the sampling chamber has a first opening and a second opening, and is configured to form a flow path between the first opening and the second opening such that the flow of breathable gas within the respiratory circuit passes therethrough.
• the housing carries and/or houses an emitter, a detector, and optical elements.
• the sampling chamber is the same as or similar to sampling chamber 46 (shown in FIGS. 1-6 and described herein) and the housing is the same as or similar to housing 44 (shown in FIGS. 1-3 and described herein).
• infrared radiation is emitted by the emitter.
• the emitter is the same as or similar to emitter 48 (shown in FIGS. 1-6 and described herein).
• operation 84 the emitted radiation is guided through a first side of the sampling chamber, across the sampling chamber to a second side of the sampling chamber that is opposite to the first side of the sampling chamber, back across the sampling chamber to the first side of the sampling chamber, and onto the detector.
• operation 84 is performed by the optical elements, which may be the same as or similar to optical elements 56 (shown in FIGS. 3-6 and described herein).
• the output signals may convey information related to composition of the gas within the sampling chamber.
• the detector is the same as or similar to detector 50 (shown in FIGS. 3-6 and described herein).
• any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.
• the word “comprising” or “including” does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed in a claim.
• several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware.
• the word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
• any device claim enumerating several means several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware.
• the mere fact that certain elements are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that these elements cannot be used in combination.

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• 2012
  • 2012-11-29 US US14/362,725 patent/US9267883B2/en active Active
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