WO2013082980A1 - 一种光学邻近修正方法 - Google Patents

一种光学邻近修正方法 Download PDF

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WO2013082980A1
WO2013082980A1 PCT/CN2012/083726 CN2012083726W WO2013082980A1 WO 2013082980 A1 WO2013082980 A1 WO 2013082980A1 CN 2012083726 W CN2012083726 W CN 2012083726W WO 2013082980 A1 WO2013082980 A1 WO 2013082980A1
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graphics
graphic
correction method
rule
optical proximity
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French (fr)
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王谨恒
陈洁
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CSMC Technologies Fab2 Co Ltd
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CSMC Technologies Fab2 Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • G03F1/36Masks having proximity correction features; Preparation thereof, e.g. optical proximity correction [OPC] design processes

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  • the present invention relates to a lithography process in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, and more particularly to optical proximity correction during the preparation of a mask (Optical Proximity Correction, OPC) method.
  • OPC Optical Proximity Correction
  • Integrated circuit manufacturing technology is a complex process that is updated every 18 to 24 months.
  • a key parameter characterizing integrated circuit fabrication technology the minimum feature size, ie critical dimension (Critical Dimension), from the initial 125um to the current 0.13um or even smaller, makes millions of components on each chip possible.
  • Lithography is the driving force behind the development of integrated circuit manufacturing processes and one of the most complex technologies. Lithography has revolutionized the performance of the chip compared to other single manufacturing technologies.
  • the structure of the integrated circuit is first copied to a larger (relative to the silicon used for production) quartz glass plate called a mask by a specific device, and then a specific wavelength is generated by a lithographic apparatus.
  • the light (such as ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 248 nm) replicates the structure of the integrated circuit on the mask to the silicon wafer used to produce the chip.
  • the circuit structure will produce distortion during the process of copying from the mask to the silicon wafer, especially in the manufacturing process stage of 0.13 um and below. If the distortion is not corrected, the entire manufacturing technology will fail.
  • the cause of the distortion is mainly the optical proximity effect (Optical Proximity Effect, OPE), that is, since the projection exposure system is a partially coherent optical imaging system, the intensity spectrum amplitude of the ideal image has different distributions in different directions, but due to diffraction limitation and severe energy loss caused by nonlinear filtering of the imaging system, The effect of space on the formation and contraction.
  • OPE optical Proximity Effect
  • OPC optical proximity correction
  • FIG. 1A is the original graphic data provided by the customer.
  • the polygon 1 identified in the figure has an irregular pattern with an angle of not adjacent to each other on the opposite sides.
  • FIG. 1B is an effect diagram obtained after OPC processing, and it can be seen that the original line portion has sharp corners on the same portion, which increases the difficulty of the photomask factory in writing the reticle.
  • FIG. 1C is a simulation diagram obtained by simulating the exposure effect. It can be seen that the error of the irregular portion is relatively large, and in this example, it is about 11.3 nm, which is unacceptable for the OPC correction.
  • the present invention proposes an optical proximity correction method capable of reducing the influence of irregular patterns on optical proximity correction and improving the accuracy of the optical proximity processing.
  • An optical proximity correction method comprises the steps of:
  • the optical proximity correction operation program is executed on the graphics after the pre-processing to obtain a correction pattern of the graphics.
  • the lithography process parameters include optical parameters of the exposure light path, material parameters of the photoresist material, and chemical parameters of the etching process.
  • the graphic design rule is: in the graphic, the angle between two adjacent wires is an integral multiple of 45 degrees.
  • the determining the partial graphics that do not conform to the design rule comprises the following steps:
  • the graphics preprocessing is a software-level processing manner, and the partial graphics that are not in accordance with the design rules are replaced by a regular graphics.
  • the replacing is to use a graphics processing software to calculate a part that does not conform to the design rule, draw a rule graphic that conforms to the rule, and then replace it with a rule graphic.
  • the replacing is to directly replace a regular graphic in a database conforming to the original graphic data according to the process and size required for the graphic.
  • the pre-processing of the parts of the original graphics provided by the customer that do not conform to the rules is performed, and the graphics of the parts are converted into a shape conforming to the rules, and then the entire graphics are subjected to OPC processing, so that the present invention can be avoided. Due to the influence of irregular graphics on OPC processing, the accuracy of OPC processing is greatly improved.
  • Figure 1A is the original graphics provided by the customer.
  • Fig. 1B is an effect diagram obtained by OPC processing.
  • Fig. 1C is a simulation diagram obtained by simulating an exposure effect.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the optical proximity correction method of the present invention.
  • the OPC correction processing graphics provided by the customer are more and more complicated, and due to the needs of different customers, many parts that do not conform to the design rules are added to the graphics, and the irregular graphics are included in the graphics.
  • OPC processing there are often wrong shapes such as sharp corners, which greatly reduces the accuracy of OPC correction, which brings great difficulty to mask production.
  • the idea of the invention is to pre-process the graphics before performing OPC processing on the graphics provided by the client, and replace the irregular parts of the graphics with the regular graphics according to the automatic recognition and correction of the software level. In this way, when doing OPC processing, it is possible to avoid shapes such as sharp corners caused by irregular patterns that are not conducive to mask pattern creation, thereby improving the accuracy of OPC processing.
  • optical proximity correction method of the present invention will be described in detail below in a specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the optical proximity correction method of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the correction method includes the steps:
  • S11 Determine lithography process parameters according to process specifications. Due to the production of different semiconductor devices, the lithography process used is very different. Even in the same semiconductor device manufacturing process, the page needs to perform multiple lithography processes, such as TO (active area level), GT (gate). Oxygen level), An (metal connection level) and so on. The lithography process performed at these different levels uses different process specifications. Therefore, the process specifications of the semiconductor device are determined according to the device functions that need to be implemented, and the feature size of the pattern is determined according to the process requirements.
  • the lithography process specific parameters include optical parameters of the exposure light path, material parameters of the photoresist, and chemical parameters of the etching process.
  • the optical parameters of the exposure light path mainly refer to specific parameters such as the numerical aperture of the optical path, the scaling factor, and the exposure light source.
  • the material parameters of the photoresist mainly refer to specific parameters such as resolution, exposure rate, and photosensitivity of the photoresist material.
  • the chemical parameters of the etching process mainly refer to specific parameters such as acidity and alkalinity and chemical properties of the etchant. Due to the different lithography processes used to make different grades of features, it is necessary to have a clear positioning of the lithography process parameters.
  • S12 Determine an optical proximity correction model according to the lithography process parameter, and establish an optical proximity correction operation program.
  • OPC modeling can be performed.
  • the basic flow of modeling is as follows: First, pre-designed test patterns are placed on the targets to collect data from a set of real lithographic wafers. Then use the same test pattern, using the OPC modeling tool to simulate, if the size of the obtained image is in good agreement with the corresponding real wafer data, then it can be considered in such a limited sample space (sampling) In space), the simulated model is a good description of the entire exposure system and chemical effects, so it can be used to quantify the OPE effect in the foreseeable situation, which can be used for OPC.
  • the modeling process can also be simplified into the process of collecting data, and only by inputting the corresponding data model, the user can retrieve Go to the required OPC model.
  • the pattern to be corrected is a mask pattern for fabricating a semiconductor device or a circuit pattern, and is usually designed by a customer according to his own needs. With the development of semiconductor processes, more and more devices can be integrated into the chip, so the mask pattern becomes more and more complicated. Some customers often add shapes that do not conform to the rules of the graphic design when designing graphics.
  • the graphic design rule is to ensure that after the OPC processing, unfriendly graphics, such as sharp corners or graphics with too many internal angles, are not generated.
  • the graphic design rule is that in the graphic, the angle between two adjacent wires is an integral multiple of 45 degrees. Therefore, in this step, the main purpose is to find and identify the portion of the figure where the angle between any two adjacent lines is not 45 degrees.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • the graphic provided by the customer to be optically adjacent corrected is input into a computer, and the graphic file is converted into a format capable of graphics processing.
  • the pre-processing still relies on a software-level processing method, specifically:
  • the above-mentioned parts identified as not conforming to the rule graphic are replaced, and the replacement can be performed in two ways: the first one is to use the graphic processing software to calculate the marked part, draw a graphic that conforms to the rule, and then match The rule graphic is replaced.
  • This method has accurate positioning, and the graphics after replacement can be consistent with the original graphics.
  • the second method is to directly replace the regular graphics in the database matching the original graphics data according to the required process and size of the graphics. The advantage of this method is that it has a faster processing speed.
  • the optical proximity correction method proposed by the present invention pre-processes portions of the original graphics provided by the client that do not conform to the rules, so that the graphics of the portions are converted into a shape conforming to the rule, and then The entire graphics are subjected to OPC processing, so that the present invention can avoid the influence of the irregular graphics on the OPC processing, and greatly improve the accuracy of the OPC processing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Preparing Plates And Mask In Photomechanical Process (AREA)
  • Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种光学邻近修正方法,通过将客户提供的原始图形中不符合规则的部分进行预处理,使这些部分的图形转化成符合规则的形状,然后再对整个图形进行OPC处理,从而避免因非规则图形对OPC处理带来的影响,大大提高了OPC处理的准确度。

Description

一种光学邻近修正方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及半导体制造工业中的光刻制程,尤其涉及对制备掩膜过程中的光学邻近修正(Optical Proximity Correction, OPC)方法。
【背景技术】
集成电路制造技术是一个复杂的工艺,每隔18到24个月就会更新换代。表征集成电路制造技术的一个关键参数最小特征尺寸即关键尺寸(Critical Dimension),从最初的125um发展到现在的0.13um甚至更小,这使得每个芯片上几百万个元器件成为可能。
光刻技术是集成电路制造工艺发展的驱动力,也是其中最复杂的技术之一。相对于其他的单个制造技术来说,光刻对芯片性能的提高有着革命性的贡献。在光刻工艺开始之前,集成电路的结构会先通过特定的设备复制到一块较大(相对于生产用的硅片来说)名为掩膜的石英玻璃片上,然后通过光刻设备产生特定波长的光(如波长为248nm的紫外光)将掩膜上集成电路的结构复制到生产芯片所用的硅片上。电路结构在从掩膜复制到硅片过程中,会产生失真,尤其是到了0.13um及以下制造工艺阶段,如果不去改正这种失真的话会造成整个制造技术的失败。所述失真的原因主要是光学邻近效应(Optical Proximity Effect, OPE),即由于投影曝光系统是一个部分相干光成像系统,理想像的强度频谱幅值沿各向有不同的分布,但由于衍射受限及成像系统的非线性滤波造成的严重能量损失,导致空间像发生园化和收缩的效应。
要改正这种失真,半导体业界的普遍做法是利用预先在掩膜上进行结构补偿的方法,这种方法叫做光学邻近修正(OPC)方法。OPC的基本思想是:对集成电路设计的图形进行预先的修改,使得修改补偿的量正好能够补偿曝光系统造成的OPE效应。因此,使用经过OPC的图形做成的掩膜,通过光刻以后,在晶片上就能得到最初想要的电路结构。
由于受物理极限的影响,在做图形设计时,往往需要将图形设计成规则图形,即需要相邻两边之间的夹角为45度的整数倍。然而在客户提供的图形中,会因为功能上的需要而出现许多不符合设计规则的图形,这些违反设计规则的图形会严重地影响到OPC 修正的准确度。
请参见图1A至图1C,图1A是客户提供的原始图形数据,在图中标识出来的多边形1出现了相邻两边夹角为非45度的不规则图形。图1B是经过OPC处理后得到的效果图,可以看到在相同的部位上,原本的线条部位出现了尖角,这样会增加光罩厂在写光罩时的困难度。而图1C是对曝光效果进行模拟得到的仿真图,可以看到非规则部分的误差比较大,在本例中达到11.3nm左右,这对于OPC修正来说,是不能接受。
因此有必要对现有的OPC修正方法进行改正,以提高OPC修正处理中的准确度。
【发明内容】
有鉴于此,本发明提出了一种光学邻近修正方法,该修正方法能够减少因不规则图形对光学邻近修正的影响,提高光学邻近处理过程的准确度。
根据本发明的目的提出的一种光学邻近修正方法,包括步骤:
根据工艺规格确定光刻工艺参数;
根据所述光刻工艺参数确定光学邻近修正模型,建立光学邻近修正的运算程序;
提供一待光学邻近修正的图形,根据一图形设计规则,确定该图形中不符合设计规则的部分;
对不符合设计规则的部分做一图形预处理,将该些部分的图形规则化,并得到预处理之后的图形;
对所述预处理之后的图形运行所述光学邻近修正的运算程序,得到该图形的修正图形。
优选的,所述光刻工艺参数包括曝光光路的光学参数、光刻胶材料的材料参数以及刻蚀工艺的化学参数。
优选的,所述图形设计规则为:在图形中,相邻两条连线的夹角为45度整数倍。
优选的,所述确定不符合设计规则的部分图形包括如下步骤:
将待光学邻近修正的图形输入一计算机中,并将该图形文件转化成一种能够进行图形处理的格式;
然后通过一图形处理软件,识别出图形中所有的线条;
计算该些线条中任意两条相邻直线的夹角,并判断该夹角值是否为45度的整数倍;
最后将判断结果为否的部分进行标识,该部分区域所在的图形即为不符合设计规则的部分图形。
优选的,所述图形预处理是依赖软件级的处理方式,将所述被不符合设计规则的部分图形以规则图形进行替换。
优选的,所述替换是利用图形处理软件,对不符合设计规则的部分计算后,画出符合规则的规则图形,然后以规则图形进行替换。
优选的,所述替换是根据图形所需的工艺及尺寸,直接调用一符合原图形数据的数据库中的规则图形进行替换。
上述方法中,通过将客户提供的原始图形中,不符合规则的部分进行预处理,使该些部分的图形转化成符合规则的形状,然后在对整个图形进行OPC处理,从而使本发明可以避免因非规则图形对OPC处理带来的影响,大大提高了OPC处理的准确度。
【附图说明】
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1A是客户提供的原始图形。
图1B是经过OPC处理后得到的效果图。
图1C是对曝光效果进行模拟得到的仿真图。
图2是本发明的光学邻近修正方法的流程示意图。
【具体实施方式】
在0.13um以下技术节点的关键层次比如TO(有源区层次),GT(栅氧层次),An(金属连线层次)的CD(关键尺寸)越来越小,CD已经接近甚至小于光刻工艺中所使用的光波波长,因此光刻过程中,由于光的衍射和干涉现象, 实际硅片上得到的光刻图形与掩膜版图形之间存在一定的变形和偏差, 光刻中的这种误差直接影响电路性能和生产成品率. 为尽量消除这种误差, 一种有效的方法是光学邻近修正(OPC)方法。正如背景技术中所述,目前由于客户提供的需要OPC修正处理图形越来越复杂,且由于不同客户的需求,在图形中加入了许多不符合设计规则的部分,在为该部分非规则的图形做OPC处理时,往往会出现诸如尖角之类错误形状,大大降低了OPC修正的准确性,给掩膜制作带来了极大的难度。
本发明的思路是在对客户提供的图形做OPC处理之前,对图形做预处理,依据软件级的自动识别和纠正,将图形中非规则的部分用规则的图形代替。这样一来,在做OPC处理时,就可以避免因非规则图形带来的诸如尖角等不利于掩模图形制作的形状,从而提高了OPC处理的准确性。
下面将以具体实施方式对本发明的光学邻近修正方法进行详细说明。
请参见图2,图2是本发明的光学邻近修正方法的流程示意图。如图所示,该修正方法包括步骤:
S11:根据工艺规格,确定光刻工艺参数。由于生产不同的半导体器件,所使用到的光刻工艺具有很大差别,即使在同一半导体器件在制作过程中,页需要进行多道光刻工艺,比如TO(有源区层次),GT(栅氧层次),An(金属连线层次)等。在这些不同层次上进行的光刻工艺,所使用到的工艺规格都不相同,因此先要根据所需要实现的器件功能确定半导体器件的工艺规格,并根据工艺要求,确定图形的特征尺寸。
在得到工艺规格之后,还需要确定光刻工艺的具体参数,所述光刻工艺具体参数包括曝光光路的光学参数、光刻胶的材料参数以及刻蚀工艺的化学参数。所述曝光光路的光学参数主要指光路的数值孔径、缩放倍率以及曝光光源等具体参数。所述光刻胶的材料参数主要是指光刻胶材料的分辨率、曝光速率、光敏度等具体参数。所述刻蚀工艺的化学参数主要是指刻蚀剂的酸碱性以及化学性质等具体参数。由于制作不同等级特征尺寸所采用到的光刻工艺不同,因此需要对光刻工艺参数有个明确的定位。
S12:根据所述光刻工艺参数确定光学邻近修正模型,建立光学邻近修正的运算程序。在确定完光刻工艺参数后,可以进行OPC建模。建模的基本流程如下:首先是在标片上放置预先设计的测试图形,收集到一组真实光刻晶片的数据。然后使用同样的测试图形,利用OPC建模工具进行模拟,如果摸以得到的图形尺寸与相对应的真实晶片数据能够很好的符合,那么就可以认为在这样一个有限的样品空间(sampling space)中,模拟得到的模型能够很好的描述整个曝光系统和化学效应,因此就能用来定量在预知情况下的OPE效应,从而可以用来进行OPC。在工厂端,由于厂家在多数情况下会对自家生产的产品工艺建有相应的数据库,因此建模过程也可简化为调取数据的过程,只需输入相对应的数据模型,就能调取到所需的OPC模型。
在建完OPC模型后,还需要编写OPC处理的程序,以用于将适用的图形进行OPC处理。
S13:提供一待光学邻近修正的图形,根据一图形设计规则,确定该图形中不符合设计规则的部分。
所述待修正的图形即为制作半导体器件或电路图形用的掩膜图形,通常由客户按照自身需求设计。随着半导体工艺的发展,能够集成到芯片上的器件也越来越多,因此掩膜图形也随之变得越来越复杂。一些客户在设计图形时,经常加入一些不符合图形设计规则的形状。所述图形设计规则是为了保证在进行OPC处理后,不会产生不友善图形,比如尖角或者具有过多内角的图形。在本发明中,所述图形设计规则为在图形中,相邻两条连线的夹角为45度整数倍。因此在该步骤中,主要目的就是寻找并识别出图形中,任何两条相邻直线之间的夹角不为45度的部分。具体的过程如下:
首先,将客户提供的待光学邻近修正的图形输入一计算机中,并将该图形文件转化成一种能够进行图形处理的格式。
然后通过一图形处理软件,识别出图形中所有的线条。
计算该些线条中任意两条相邻直线的夹角,并判断该夹角值是否为45度的整数倍。
最后将判断结果为否的部分进行标识,该部分区域所在的图形即为不符合设计规则的图形。
S14:对不符合设计规则的部分做一图形预处理,将该些部分的图形规则化,并得到预处理之后的图形。
所述的预处理还是依赖软件级的处理方式,具体为:
将上述被识别为不符合规则图形的部分进行替换,所述替换可以有两种方式:第一种是利用图形处理软件,对标识出来的部分计算后,画出符合规则的图形,然后以符合规则图形进行替换。该种方法具有定位精确,且替换之后的图形能够和原来的图形比较吻合。第二种是根据图形所需的工艺及尺寸,直接调用一符合原图形数据的数据库中的规则图形进行替换,该方法的好处是具有较快的处理速度。
S15:对所述预处理之后的图形运行所述光学邻近修正的运算程序,得到该些图形的修正图形。
综上所述,本发明提出的一种光学邻近修正方法,通过将客户提供的原始图形中,不符合规则的部分进行预处理,使该些部分的图形转化成符合规则的形状,然后在对整个图形进行OPC处理,从而使本发明可以避免因非规则图形对OPC处理带来的影响,大大提高了OPC处理的准确度。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种光学邻近修正方法,其特征在于,所述修正方法包括步骤:
    根据工艺规格确定光刻工艺参数;
    根据所述光刻工艺参数确定光学邻近修正模型,建立光学邻近修正的运算程序;
    提供一待光学邻近修正的图形,根据一图形设计规则,确定该图形中不符合设计规则的部分;
    对不符合设计规则的部分做一图形预处理,将该些部分的图形规则化,并得到预处理之后的图形;
    对所述预处理之后的图形运行所述光学邻近修正的运算程序,得到该图形的修正图形。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光学邻近修正方法,其特征在于:所述光刻工艺参数包括曝光光路的光学参数、光刻胶材料的材料参数以及刻蚀工艺的化学参数。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的掩模图形修正方法,其特征在于:所述图形设计规则为:在图形中,相邻两条连线的夹角为45度整数倍。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的掩模图形修正方法,其特征在于:所述确定不符合设计规则的部分图形包括如下步骤:
    将待光学邻近修正的图形输入一计算机中,并将该图形文件转化成一种能够进行图形处理的格式;
    然后通过一图形处理软件,识别出图形中所有的线条;
    计算该些线条中任意两条相邻直线的夹角,并判断该夹角值是否为45度的整数倍;
    最后将判断结果为否的部分进行标识,该部分区域所在的图形即为不符合设计规则的部分图形。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的掩模图形修正方法,其特征在于:所述图形预处理是依赖软件级的处理方式,将所述被不符合设计规则的部分图形以规则图形进行替换。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的掩模图形修正方法,其特征在于:所述替换是利用图形处理软件,对不符合设计规则的部分计算后,画出符合规则的规则图形,然后以规则图形进行替换。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的掩模图形修正方法,其特征在于:所述替换是根据图形所需的工艺及尺寸,直接调用一符合原图形数据的数据库中的规则图形进行替换。
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