Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/68—Esters
  • C10M129/84—Esters of carbonic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/32—Esters of carbonic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
  • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
  • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
  • C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to functional fluids useful in systems requiring power transmission fluids, hydraulic fluids and/or lubrication of moving parts.
• the present invention relates to a functional fluid containing an organic wear inhibitor for use tractor hydraulic fluids.
• Modern lubricating oil formulations are formulated to exacting specifications often set by original equipment manufacturers. To meet such specifications, various additives are used, together with base oil of lubricating viscosity.
• a typical lubricating oil composition may contain dispersants, detergents, anti-oxidants, wear inhibitors, rust inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, and friction modifiers just to name a few. Different applications will govern the type of additives that will go into a lubricating oil composition.
• a functional fluid is a term which encompasses a variety of fluids including but not limited to tractor hydraulic fluids, power transmission fluids including automatic transmission fluids, continuously variable transmission fluids and manual transmission fluids, hydraulic fluids, including tractor hydraulic fluids, gear oils, power steering fluids, fluids used in wind turbines and fluids related to power train components. It should be noted that within each of these fluids such as, for example, automatic transmission fluids, there are a variety of different types of fluids due to the various transmissions having different designs which have led to the need for fluids of markedly different functional characteristics.
• tractor hydraulic fluids these fluids are all-purpose products used for all lubricant applications in a tractor except for lubricating the engine.
• a tractor hydraulic fluid for the purposes of this invention are so-called Super Tractor Oil Universal fluids or "STOU" fluids, which also lubricate the engine.
• STOU Super Tractor Oil Universal fluids
• These lubricating applications may include lubrication of gearboxes, power take-off and clutch(es), rear axles, reduction gears, wet brakes, and hydraulic accessories.
• the components included within a tractor fluid must be carefully chosen so that the final resulting fluid composition will provide all the necessary characteristics required in the different applications.
• Such characteristics may include the ability to provide proper frictional properties for preventing wet brake chatter of oil immersed brakes while simultaneously providing the ability to actuate wet brakes and provide power take-off (PTO) clutch performance.
• a tractor fluid must provide sufficient antiwear and extreme pressure properties as well as water tolerance/filterability capabilities.
• the extreme pressure (EP) properties of tractor fluids, important in gearing applications, may be demonstrated by the ability of the fluid to pass a spiral bevel test as well as a straight spur gear test.
• the tractor fluid may need to pass wet brake chatter tests while providing adequate wet brake capacity when used in oil immersed disk brakes which are comprised of a bronze, graphitic-compositions and asbestos.
• the tractor fluid may need to demonstrate its ability to provide friction retention for power shift transmission clutches such as those clutches which include graphitic and bronze clutches.
• the functional fluid is an automatic transmission fluid
• the automatic transmission fluids must have enough friction for the clutch plates to transfer power.
• the friction coefficient of fluids has a tendency to decline due to the temperature effects as the fluid heats up during operation. It is important that the tractor hydraulic fluid or automatic transmission fluid maintain its high friction coefficient at elevated temperatures, otherwise brake systems or automatic transmissions may fail.
• JP05-105895 teaches lubricating oil compositions for wet clutches and brakes used in power transmission units in among other uses in agricultural, construction, and other industrial machinery, containing 0.01 -10 parts by weight of a C 2 -Ci 4 aliphatic compound having two or more hydroxyl groups per 100 parts by weight of a base oil.
• JP05-105895 teaches such oils are especially useful as transmission fluids.
• Glycerol is disclosed as such a C 2 -Ci 4 aliphatic compound having two or more hydroxyl groups but is not exemplified.
• Bayles, Jr. et al. U.S. Patent No. 5,284,591 , is directed to a multipurpose functional fluid which is comprised of a major amount of a hydrocarbon oil and a minor amount, sufficient to improve characteristics of the fluid of a novel additive.
• the additive is comprised of a calcium salt complex, a group II metal dithiophosphate salt, a borated epoxide, a carboxylic solubilizer and a sulfurized composition.
• 5,635,459 is directed to a function fluid composition having improved gear performance which comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity, and added thereto (a) an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt complex in the form of borated and/or non- borated salts; (b) an EP/antiwear agent comprising a mixture of zinc salts of
• the present invention is directed to a functional fluid comprising (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) an oil soluble amount of glycerol carbonate or an oil soluble amount of a borated glycerol.
• the present invention is also directed to a functional fluid comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; more than about 0.1 wt% of glycerol carbonate; at least about up to 5.0 wt% of at least one low overbased sulfonate detergent; at least about up to 5.0 wt% of at least one high overbased sulfonate detergent; and at least one antiwear additive.
• the present invention is directed to a functional fluid comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; more than 0.1 wt% of borated glycerol and less than or equal to about 0.5 wt% borated glycerol; at least about up to 5.0 wt% of at least one low overbased sulfonate detergent; at least about up to 5.0 wt% of at least one high overbased sulfonate detergent; and at least one antiwear additive.
• the present invention is directed to an additive concentrate comprises an oil soluble amount of a) borated glycerol or (b) glycerol carbonate in a diluent oil wherein the additive concentrate contains from about 1 % to about 99% by weight of said diluent.
• the present invention is directed to a method of reducing friction comprising contacting a metal surface with a functional fluid comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and an oil soluble amount of (i) glycerol carbonate or an oil soluble amount of (ii) borated glycerol.
• alkaline earth metal refers to calcium, barium, magnesium, strontium, or mixtures thereof.
• alkyl refers to both straight- and branched-chain alkyl groups.
• metal refers to alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals or mixtures thereof.
• Metal to Substrate ratio refers to the ratio of the total equivalents of the metal to the equivalents of the substrate.
• An overbased sulphonate detergent typically has a metal ratio of 12.5:1 to 40:1 , in one aspect 13.5:1 to 40:1 , in another aspect 14.5:1 to 40:1 , in yet another aspect 15.5:1 to 40:1 and in yet another aspect 16.5:1 to 40:1.
• TBN numbers reflect more alkaline products and therefore a greater alkalinity reserve.
• the TBN of a sample can be determined by ASTM Test No. D2896 or any other equivalent procedure.
• TBN is the neutralization capacity of one gram of the lubricating composition expressed as a number equal to the mg of potassium hydroxide providing the equivalent neutralization.
• a TBN of 10 means that one gram of the composition has a neutralization capacity equal to 10 mg of potassium hydroxide.
• TBN of the actives should be measured.
• low overbased or "LOB” refers to an overbased detergent having a low TBN of the actives of about 0 to about 60.
• MOB medium overbased
• HOB high overbased
• the present invention provides a method of improving the brake and clutch capacity of a functional fluid by adding a wear inhibitor of either borated glycerol or glycerol carbonate to the functional fluid.
• the functional fluids of the present invention use base oils derived from mineral oils, synthetic oils or vegetable oils.
• the base oil of lubricating viscosity for use in the lubricating oil compositions of this invention is typically present in a major amount, e.g., an amount of 50 weight percent or greater, preferably greater than about 70 weight percent, more preferably from about 80 to about 99.5 weight percent and most preferably from about 85 to about 98 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
• base oil as used herein shall be understood to mean a base stock or blend of base stocks which is a lubricant component that is produced by a single manufacturer to the same
• the base oil for use herein can be any of those well known in the art as base oils used in formulating lubricating oil compositions for any and all such applications, e.g., engine oils, marine cylinder oils, functional fluids such as hydraulic oils, gear oils, transmission fluids, etc., provided that the oil of lubricating viscosity does not contain a carboxylic acid ester.
• the viscosity of the base oil is dependent upon the application. Accordingly, the viscosity of a base oil for use herein will ordinarily range from about 2 to about 2000 centistokes (cSt) at 100°Centigrade (C).
• the base oils used as engine oils will have a kinematic viscosity range at 100°C of about 2 cSt to about 30 cSt, preferably about 3 cSt to about 16 cSt, and most preferably about 4 cSt to about 12 cSt and will be selected or blended depending on the desired end use and the additives in the finished oil to give the desired grade of engine oil, e.g., a lubricating oil composition having an SAE Viscosity Grade of 0W, OW-20, OW-30, OW-40, OW-50, OW-60, 5W, 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-40, 5W-50, 5W-60, 10W, 10W-20, 10W-30, 10W- 40, 10W-50, 15W, 15W-20, 15W-30 or 15W-40.
• Oils used as gear oils can have viscosities ranging from about 2 cSt to about 2000 cSt at 100°C.
• Base stocks may be manufactured using a variety of different processes including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerization, and rerefining. Rerefined stock shall be substantially free from materials introduced through manufacturing, contamination, or previous use.
• the base oil of the lubricating oil compositions of this invention may be any natural or synthetic lubricating base oil provided that the oil of lubricating viscosity does not contain a carboxylic acid ester.
• Suitable hydrocarbon synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, oils prepared from the polymerization of ethylene or from the polymerization of 1 -olefins to provide polymers such as polyalphaolefin or PAO oils, or from hydrocarbon synthesis procedures using carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases such as in a Fischer-Tropsch process.
• a suitable base oil is one that comprises little, if any, heavy fraction; e.g., little, if any, lube oil fraction of viscosity 20 cSt or higher at 100°C.
• the base oil may be derived from natural lubricating oils, synthetic lubricating oils or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable base oil includes base stocks obtained by isomerization of synthetic wax and slack wax, as well as hydrocracked base stocks produced by
• Suitable base oils include those in all API categories I, II, III, IV and V as defined in API Publication 1509, 14th Edition, Addendum I, December 1998.
• Group IV base oils are polyalphaolefins (PAO).
• Group V base oils include all other base oils not included in Group I, II, III, or IV.
• Useful natural oils include mineral lubricating oils such as, for example, liquid petroleum oils, solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types, oils derived from coal or shale, and the like.
• Useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils and halo- substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins, e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated
• polybutylenes poly(l-hexenes), poly(l-octenes), poly(l-decenes), and the like and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes such as dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes, and the like; polyphenyls such as biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls, and the like; alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivative, analogs and homologs thereof and the like.
• Other useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, oils made by
• polymerizing olefins of less than 5 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, butylenes, isobutene, pentene, and mixtures thereof.
• Methods of preparing such polymer oils are well known to those skilled in the art.
• Additional useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils include liquid polymers of alpha-olefins having the proper viscosity.
• Especially useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils are the hydrogenated liquid oligomers of C 6 to Ci 2 alpha-olefins such as, for example, 1-decene trimer.
• Another class of useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, alkylene oxide polymers, i.e., homopolymers, interpolymers, and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by, for example, etherification.
• oils are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and phenyl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl poly propylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of 1 ,000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1 ,000-1 ,500, etc.).
• the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide the alkyl and phenyl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl poly propylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of 1 ,000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1 ,000-1 ,500, etc.
• Silicon-based oils such as, for example, polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy- or polyaryloxy- siloxane oils and silicate oils, comprise another useful class of synthetic lubricating oils. Specific examples of these include, but are not limited to, tetraethyl silicate, tetra-isopropyl silicate, tetra-(2-ethylhexyl) silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-hexyl)silicate, tetra-(p-tert- butylphenyl)silicate, hexyl-(4-methyl-2-pentoxy)disiloxane, poly(methyl)siloxanes, poly(methylphenyl)siloxanes, and the like.
• Still yet other useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, liquid esters of phosphorous containing acids, e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decane phosphionic acid, etc., polymeric tetrahydrofurans and the like.
• the lubricating oil may be derived from unrefined, refined and rerefined oils, either natural, synthetic or mixtures of two or more of any of these of the type disclosed herein above.
• Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source (e.g., coal, shale, or tar sands bitumen) without further purification or treatment.
• Examples of unrefined oils include, but are not limited to, a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations or a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation, each of which is then used without further treatment.
• Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. These purification techniques are known to those of skill in the art and include, for example, solvent
• Rerefined oils are obtained by treating used oils in processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
• Lubricating oil base stocks derived from the hydroisomerization of wax may also be used, either alone or in combination with the aforesaid natural and/or synthetic base stocks.
• Such wax isomerate oil is produced by the hydroisomerization of natural or synthetic waxes or mixtures thereof over a hydroisomerization catalyst.
• Natural waxes are typically the slack waxes recovered by the solvent dewaxing of mineral oils; synthetic waxes are typically the wax produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process. It is preferred to use a major amount of base oil in the lubricating oil of this invention.
• a major amount of base oil as defined herein comprises 50 weight % or more, preferably greater than about 70 weight percent, more preferably from about 80 to about 99.5 weight percent and most preferably from about 85 to about 98 weight % of at least one of Group I, II, III and IV base oil. When weight % is used herein, it is referring to weight % of the lubricating oil unless otherwise specified.
• the functional fluid also contains at least one wear inhibitor.
• the at least one wear inhibitor may be an oil soluble amount of a borated glycerol or an oil soluble amount of a glycerol carbonate.
• the functional fluid of the present invention contains a wear inhibitor additive that is commonly known as borated glycerol, which is typically synthesized as described below.
• glycerol is heated to about 50°C under nitrogen.
• An amount of boric acid is added to the glycerol and is heated to about 90°C. The mixture is held for approximately 30 minutes. The mixture is further heated to about 220°C and held for an additional 30 minutes with nitrogen sweeping to remove water. Approximately, 3 parts glycerol is added to one part of boric acid.
• the functional fluid of the present invention contains the wear inhibitor additive, glycerol carbonate, which has a trade name of JEFFSOL® glycerine carbonate and may be purchased from Huntsman Chemical Corporation, The Woodlands, Texas.
• glycerol carbonate which has a trade name of JEFFSOL® glycerine carbonate and may be purchased from Huntsman Chemical Corporation, The Woodlands, Texas.
• the functional fluid comprises greater than about 0.1 wt% glycerol carbonate. In one embodiment, the functional fluid comprises greater than about 0.1 wt% to about 2.0 wt% glycerol carbonate. More preferred, the functional fluid comprises from about 0.15 wt% to about 1.5 wt% glycerol carbonate. Most preferred, the functional fluid comprises from about 0.15 wt% to about 1.0 wt% glycerol carbonate.
• the functional fluid comprises greater than 0.1 wt% borated glycerol and less than or equal to about 0.5 wt% borated glycerol. In one embodiment, the functional fluid comprises from greater than 0.1 wt% borated glycerol to about 0.4 wt% borated glycerol. More preferred, the functional fluid comprises from greater than 0.1 wt% borated glycerol to about 0.3 wt% borated glycerol.
• the functional fluid comprises (i) more than about 0.1 wt% glycerol carbonate or (ii) greater than 0.1 wt% borated glycerol and less than or equal to about 0.5 wt% borated glycerol.
• the functional fluid of the present invention may also comprise at least one low overbased detergent, at least one high overbased detergent and at least one antiwear additive.
• Overbased detergent additives are well known in the art and preferably are alkali or alkaline earth metal overbased detergent additives.
• Such detergent additives are prepared by reacting a metal oxide or metal hydroxide with a substrate and carbon dioxide gas.
• the substrate is typically an acid, usually an acid selected from the group consisting of aliphatic substituted sulfonic acids, aliphatic substituted carboxylic acids, and aliphatic substituted phenols.
• the terminology "overbased” relates to metal salts, preferably, metal salts of sulfonates, carboxylates and phenates, wherein the amount of metal present exceeds the stoichiometric amount.
• Such salts are said to have conversion levels in excess of 100% (i.e., they comprise more than 100% of the theoretical amount of metal needed to convert the acid to its
• the overbased detergent typically has a metal to substrate ratio of at least 1.1 :1 , preferably at least 2:1 , more preferably at least 4:1 , or at least 10:1 .
• Sulfonic acids include the mono or polynuclear aromatic or cycloaliphatic compounds which, when overbased, are called sulfonates.
• sulfonic acids useful in this invention are mahogany sulfonic acids; bright stock sulfonic acids; sulfonic acids derived from lubricating oil fractions having a Saybolt viscosity from about 100 seconds at 100°F to about 200 seconds at 210°F;
• petrolatum sulfonic acids mono and polywax substituted sulfonic and polysulfonic acids of, e.g., benzene, naphthalene, phenol, diphenyl ether, naphthalene disulfide, diphenylamine, thiophene, alphachloronaphthalene, etc.; other substituted sulfonic acids such as alkyl benzene sulfonic acids (where the alkyl group has at least 8 carbons), cetylphenol monosulfide sulfonic acids, dicetyl thianthrene disulfonic acids, dilauryl beta naphthyl sulfonic acid, dicapryl nitronaphthalene sulfonic acids, and alkaryl sulfonic acids such as dodecyl benzene "bottoms" sulfonic acids.
• alkyl benzene sulfonic acids where the alkyl group has at
• the bottoms acids are derived from benzene that has been alkylated with propylene tetramers or isobutene trimers to introduce 1 , 2, 3 or more branched chain C12 substituents on the benzene ring.
• Dodecyl benzene bottoms principally mixtures of mono and didodecyl benzenes, are available as by-products from the manufacture of household detergents. Similar products obtained from alkylation bottoms formed during manufacture of linear alkyl sulfonates (LAS) are also useful in making the sulfonates used in this invention.
• LAS linear alkyl sulfonates
• the production of sulfonates from detergent manufacture products by reaction with, e.g., S0 3 is well known to those skilled in the art.
• aliphatic sulfonic acids containing at least about 7 carbon atoms, often at least about 12 carbon atoms in the aliphatic group, such as paraffin wax sulfonic acids, unsaturated paraffin wax sulfonic acids, hydroxy substituted paraffin wax sulfonic acids, hexapropylene sulfonic acids, tetraamylene sulfonic acids, polyisobutene sulfonic acids wherein the polyisobutene contains from 20 to 7000 or more carbon atoms, chloro substituted paraffin wax sulfonic acids, nitroparaffiin wax sulfonic acids, etc.; cycloaliphatic sulfonic acids such as petroleum naphthene sulfonic acids, cetyl cyclopentyl sulfonic acids, lauryl cyclohexyl sulfonic acids, bis (isobutyl)cyclohexyl sulfonic acids, etc
• petroleum sulfonic acids or “petroleum sulfonates” includes all sulfonic acids or the salts thereof derived from petroleum products.
• a particularly valuable group of petroleum sulfonic acids are the mahogany sulfonic acids (so called because of their reddish brown color) obtained as a by-product from the manufacture of petroleum white oils by a sulfonic acid process.
• a low overbased detergent is employed.
• the low overbased detergent is a low overbased sulfonate detergent.
• the low overbased sulfonate detergent is a low overbased alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent.
• the alkaline earth metal is selected from calcium, magnesium, sodium, strontium or barium.
• the low overbased alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent is a low overbased calcium sulfonate detergent.
• a medium overbased detergent is employed.
• the medium overbased detergent is medium overbased calcium sulfonate.
• the high overbased detergent is a high overbased sulfonate detergent. More preferred, the high overbased sulfonate detergent is a high overbased alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent. Most preferred, the alkaline earth metal is selected from calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium. Even more preferred, the high overbased alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent is a high overbased calcium sulfonate detergent or a high overbased magnesium detergent. In one embodiment, non-sulfonate containing detergents are employed. Such detergents include, but are not limited to, carboxylate and phenate detergents. These carboxylate detergents or phenate detergents or both may be in the functional fluid containing the glycerol additive. Typical carboxylate detergents employed are those that are described in U.S. Patent No., 7, 163,91 1 ; 7,465,696 and the like which are herein incorporated by reference.
• Typical phenate detergents employed are those that are described in U.S. Patent No.
• Antiwear additives may be employed in the functional fluid of the present invention.
• antiwear additives examples include zinc dialky-1 -dithiophosphate (primary alkyl, secondary alkyl, and aryl type), diphenyl sulfide, methyl trichlorostearate, chlorinated naphthalene, fluoroalkylpolysiloxane, lead naphthenate, neutralized phosphates, dithiophosphates, and sulfur-free phosphates.
• the antiwear additive is zinc dialkyl thiophospate. More preferred, the zinc dialkyl
• dithiophosphate is derived from a primary alcohol.
• the functional fluid may also comprise other additives described below. These additional components can be blended in any order and can be blended as combinations of components.
• Other Additive Components can be blended in any order and can be blended as combinations of components.
• additive components are examples of some of the components that can be favorably employed in the present invention. These examples of additives are provided to illustrate the present invention, but they are not intended to limit it:
• Anti-oxidants reduce the tendency of mineral oils to deteriorate in service which deterioration is evidenced by the products of oxidation such as sludge and varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces and by an increase in viscosity.
• Antioxidants may include, but are not limited to, such anti-oxidants as phenol type (phenolic) oxidation inhibitors, such as 4,4'-methylene- bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2-methyl-6-tert- butylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-butyldene-bis(3-methyl-6- tert-butyl phenol), 4,4'-isopropylidene-bis(2,6-di-tert-bulylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis(4- methyl-6-nonylphenol), 2,2'-
• Diphenylamine-type oxidation inhibitors include, but are not limited to, alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-. alpha. -naphthylamine, and alkylated-. alpha. - naphthylamine.
• Other types of oxidation inhibitors include metal dithiocarbamate (e.g., zinc dithiocarbamate), and methylenebis(dibutyidithiocarbamate).
• the anti-oxidant is generally incorporated into an oil in an amount of about 0 to about 10 wt %, preferably 0.05 to about 3.0 wt %, per total amount of the engine oil.
• Anti-Wear/Extreme Pressure Agents As their name implies, these agents reduce wear of moving metallic parts. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to, phosphates, phosphites, carbamates, esters, sulfur containing compounds, molybdenum complexes, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (primary alkyl, secondary alkyl, and aryl type), sulfurized oils, sulfurized isobutylene, sulfurized polybutene, diphenyl sulfide, methyl trichlorostearate, chlorinated naphthalene, fluoroalkylpolysiloxane, and lead naphthenate.
• Nonionic polyoxyethylene surface active agents polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
• polyoxyethylene higher alcohol ether polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl stearyl ether,
• polyoxyethylene oleyl ether polyoxyethylene sorbitol monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, and polyethylene glycol monooleate.
• Polymethacrylate type polymers ethylene-propylene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers, polyisobutylene, and dispersant type viscosity index improvers.
• Pour Point Depressants ethylene-propylene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymers, polyisobutylene, and dispersant type viscosity index improvers.
• Alkyl methacrylate polymers and dimethyl silicone polymers are Alkyl methacrylate polymers and dimethyl silicone polymers.
• Disalicylidene propylenediamine triazole derivatives, mercaptobenzothiazoles, thiadiazole derivatives, and mercaptobenzimidazoles.
• Alkenyl succinimides alkenyl succinimides modified with other organic compounds, alkenyl succinimides modified by post-treatment with ethylene carbonate or boric acid, esters of polyalcohols and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, phenate-salicylates and their post-treated analogs, alkali metal or mixed alkali metal, alkaline earth metal borates, dispersions of hydrated alkali metal borates, dispersions of alkaline-earth metal borates, polyamide ashless dispersants and the like or mixtures of such dispersants.
• the invention is directed to additive concentrates for functional fluids that contain an oil soluble amount of borated glycerol or an oil soluble amount of glycerol carbonate.
• the borated glycerol containing additive concentrate or glycerol carbonate containing additive concentrate may be provided as an additive package or concentrate which will be incorporated into a substantially inert, normally liquid organic diluent such as, for example, mineral oil, naphtha, benzene, toluene or xylene to form an additive
• concentrates usually contain from about 1 % to about 99% by weight, and in one embodiment about 10% to about 90% by weight of such diluent.
• a neutral oil having a viscosity of about 4 to about 8.5 cSt at 100°C. and preferably about 4 to about 6 cSt at 100°C will be used as the diluent, though synthetic oils, as well as other organic liquids which are compatible with the additives and finished lubricating oil can also be used.
• the invention is directed a method of reducing friction comprising contacting a metal surface with a functional fluid comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and an oil soluble amount of (i) glycerol carbonate or an oil soluble amount of (ii) borated glycerol.
• a baseline formulation was prepared which contained:
• a lubricating oil composition was prepared by top-treating the baseline formulation of Example A with 0.15 wt. % of glycerol carbonate.
• a lubricating oil composition was prepared by top-treating the baseline formulation of Example A with 1.00 wt. % of glycerol carbonate.
• a lubricating oil composition was prepared by top-treating the baseline formulation of Example A with 0.15 wt. % of borated glycerol.
• a lubricating oil composition was prepared by top-treating the baseline formulation of Example A with 0.1 wt. % of glycerol carbonate.
• a lubricating oil composition was prepared by top-treating the baseline formulation of Example A with 0.1 wt. % of borated glycerol.
• glycerol carbonate and borated glycerol yield a total weight loss of less than 30 mg at 120 hr, thereby exhibiting that they provide good wear inhibiting qualities.

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