WO2013069732A1 - 磁気ナノ粒子 - Google Patents
磁気ナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013069732A1 WO2013069732A1 PCT/JP2012/078993 JP2012078993W WO2013069732A1 WO 2013069732 A1 WO2013069732 A1 WO 2013069732A1 JP 2012078993 W JP2012078993 W JP 2012078993W WO 2013069732 A1 WO2013069732 A1 WO 2013069732A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B81C99/0075—Manufacture of substrate-free structures
- B81C99/0085—Manufacture of substrate-free structures using moulds and master templates, e.g. for hot-embossing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/30—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by gravity only, i.e. flow coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/24—Methods of sampling, or inoculating or spreading a sample; Methods of physically isolating an intact microorganisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
- G01N33/54326—Magnetic particles
- G01N33/5434—Magnetic particles using magnetic particle immunoreagent carriers which constitute new materials per se
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/0036—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties showing low dimensional magnetism, i.e. spin rearrangements due to a restriction of dimensions, e.g. showing giant magnetoresistivity
- H01F1/0045—Zero dimensional, e.g. nanoparticles, soft nanoparticles for medical/biological use
- H01F1/0054—Coated nanoparticles, e.g. nanoparticles coated with organic surfactant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/34—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
- H01F1/342—Oxides
- H01F1/344—Ferrites, e.g. having a cubic spinel structure (X2+O)(Y23+O3), e.g. magnetite Fe3O4
- H01F1/346—[(TO4) 3] with T= Si, Al, Fe, Ga
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hollow microscopic object composed of a metal, a semiconductor, or the like, and a material purification method using them.
- Microstructures such as microparticles are widely used as a scale for nanometer-sized structures, as materials for new devices, and as labels for visualizing proteins and DNA in the biological field. It's being used. Producing fine particles of various materials of uniform size is essential for promoting research and development in the above-mentioned fields.
- the inventors of the present application have disclosed a method for preparing ultrafine particles (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-001703) (Patent Documents). 1), and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-153826 “Biological Sample Labeled Substance and Biological Substance Labeling Method and Biological Substance Inspection Method” (Patent Document 2) And an inspection method using electron microscope was proposed.
- JP-A-11-001703 discloses a method of forming fine particles by dispersing polystyrene spheres in a single layer on a flat substrate and depositing a metal or a semiconductor.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-153826 discloses a method for immobilizing biomolecules such as proteins and DNA to the prepared fine particles, and a method for identifying the type of element covering the surface by observation using a scanning electron microscope. Yes.
- the fine particles produced by these methods are those in which the surface is coated with an element such as polystyrene or glass, and a method for producing pure fine particles composed only of the target element is not described.
- the nano-sized light emitting device can be used as a fluorescent marker for tracking many physical and chemical elementary processes. For example, if a nano-light emitting element is attached to a large biomolecule, its structural change and molecular function can be directly observed. Furthermore, since the movement of individual molecules can be followed, the dynamic behavior of living cells can be explored.
- the extremely high potential of such single molecule observations is often limited by two factors: The first is flashing. If blinking occurs during observation, the task of extracting useful information from the experimental results becomes complicated. The second is that the measurement is limited by photobleaching. Excited molecules may cause an irreversible chemical reaction due to the excess energy, and may not fluoresce.
- This nano light-emitting device which is considered to be capable of an almost infinite measurement time, is a semiconductor nanocrystal, and is generally called a colloidal quantum dot. Quantum dots are one of the most brilliant achievements produced by nanotechnology, and their electrical and optical properties depending on their size are very attractive (A. P. Alivisatos, Science 271, 933) (1996) (Non-Patent Document 1)).
- t is the length of the on or off time
- exponent ⁇ is a number between 1 and 2 (typically 1.5).
- colloidal quantum dots that have come to be used as fluorescent light sources
- colloidal quantum dots such as CdSe
- CdSe can be chemically synthesized with a size of about 2 to 6 nm.
- One is an isolated semiconductor nanocrystal. This size range is where various physical property values change from molecule to bulk. When the size of the nanocrystal is reduced, the range in which the charge carrier can move around becomes narrower. This is called the quantum confinement effect.
- small quantum dots have discrete energy levels and large band gaps. When irradiated with light with energy greater than the band gap, the quantum dots absorb the light and form electron-hole pairs called excitons. This exciton eventually emits light and disappears.
- CdTe quantum dots particle size 2.5 nm to 5 nm
- CdHgTe quantum dots HgTe quantum dots, etc. have been put into practical use and have been confirmed to emit various kinds of fluorescence.
- colloidal quantum dots are very small, there are many dangling bonds on their surface, that is, unbonded electrons (unpaired electrons) that are not involved in the bonds that appear on the surface of a covalently bonded substance or in the vicinity of defects. Since the electrons excited by are captured, the performance of the quantum dot is degraded. Attempts are currently being made to modify the surface of quantum dots with organic ligands, and two effects have been confirmed. One is that colloidal quantum dots can exist stably in a dispersed form in a solution, and the influence of dangling bonds can be mitigated. As another method for closing the dangling bonds on the surface of the quantum dots, there is a method of covering the surface with an inorganic shell. As the shell, a semiconductor with a larger band gap is often used, and such a quantum dot is called a core-shell quantum dot.
- the second method is to suppress the blinking by covering CdSe quantum dots as a core with a thick (5 ⁇ ⁇ -15 nm) shell of CdS crystal (B. Mahler, P. Spinicelli, S . Buil, X. Banin, J.-P. Hermier, B. Dubertret, Nat. Mater. 7, 659 (2008) (Non-Patent Document 5); Y. Chen, J. Vela, H. Htoon, J. L Casson, D. J. Werder, D. A. Bussian, V. I. Klimov, J. A. Hollingsworth, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 5026 (2008) (non-patent document 6)).
- the present inventors produce a microscopic body having a hollow structure composed only of a metal, a transition metal, or a semiconductor having a desired thickness, and a combination of these in a layered form.
- a method has already been developed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-101941 (Patent Document 3)). According to this, it is possible to obtain a microscopic body having a uniform particle size, which is composed of only the target element, in which the quantum dot has the same particle size as that of the organic template.
- each microferromagnet has a size that cannot build a magnetic domain structure, so it cannot maintain ferromagnetism and is paramagnetic. Because it behaves as a body, the assembled magnetic beads are dispersed. This technique can recover cells that bind to the antibody by combining with the antibody, but does not have the property of recovering the target according to the size of the cell or molecule.
- the present invention is a minute body having a hollow structure composed only of a metal, a transition metal, or a semiconductor having a desired thickness, and a combination of these in a layered form, and cannot maintain a magnetic domain structure.
- the fine particles are two-dimensionally dispersed and included in the interface between two specific substance layers of a plurality of substances arranged in layers inside a microscopic body having a hollow structure. Furthermore, these fine particles contain a substance that generates fluorescence.
- one of the metal layers configured in the above-described layer shape is an object exhibiting ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism at room temperature having a structure that is thin enough not to maintain a magnetic domain structure.
- a method for producing the same a microscopic body in which a cell-binding substance is added to the inside of the innermost layer of the hollow structure, and a method for purifying microparticles such as cells using the same.
- an oxide magnetic substance called FeO called ferrite ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 , MnO / Fe 2 O 3 , NiO / Fe 2 O 3 , CoO / Fe 2 O 3 etc.
- FeO oxide magnetic substance
- MnO / Fe 2 O 3 MnO / Fe 2 O 3
- NiO / Fe 2 O 3 CoO / Fe 2 O 3 etc.
- Fe garnet (garnet) M 3 / Fe 5 O 12 M is
- an insulating ferrimagnetic material such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG) Y 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 can be used.
- an arbitrary second layer from the innermost side is ferromagnetic at room temperature or thinned to such an extent that the magnetic domain structure cannot be maintained.
- An object that exhibits ferrimagnetism, an outer layer that is insulating at room temperature (insulator), and an outer layer that is thin enough to maintain a magnetic domain structure at room temperature Compared with a micro object having a single magnetic layer, in which the laminated structure of the magnetic material and the insulator is repeated N times or more N times, N times as many as the number of laminated layers.
- N means a finite number of repetitions and is an integer of 2 or more.
- the insulator here means a substance usually used in this field (a substance having an electrical conductivity ⁇ at room temperature of about 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm or less), typically silicon oxide or Examples include silicon dioxide.
- the surface of the microbody can be dissolved by a change in the nature of the environmental liquid, and the polymer bound to the inner surface of the microbody can be changed by a change in the nature of the environmental liquid, an electric field and / or a magnetic field.
- the layered structure is Two or more thin film layers; Fine particles disposed in a two-dimensionally dispersed manner at the interface between the two or more thin film layers; Including A microscopic object in which the fine particles are made of a substance or quantum dot that is ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic at a room temperature so fine that the magnetic domain structure cannot be maintained, and is different from the material of the thin film layer.
- a hollow microscopic object that includes a layered structure that forms an outer shell and includes at least one thin layer of a transition metal, metal, or semiconductor, and an internal space and an opening defined by the layered structure. And The layered structure is Including two or more thin film layers, At least one of these layers is a microscopic body made of a substance exhibiting ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism at room temperature having a structure that is so thin that a magnetic domain structure cannot be maintained.
- a hollow microscopic object that includes a layered structure that forms an outer shell and includes at least one thin layer of a transition metal, metal, or semiconductor, and an internal space and an opening defined by the layered structure.
- the layered structure is Including three or more thin film layers, A magnetic material in which at least two of these layers are composed of a substance exhibiting ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism at room temperature having such a thin structure that the magnetic domain structure cannot be maintained, and the layers separating the layers are separated A micro body made of an insulator having a thickness that is separated from the layers by a distance that does not allow ferromagnetism to be generated.
- the transition metal, metal or semiconductor is a transition metal up to 79 in the periodic table except atomic number 43, atomic number 13, 31, 32, 33, 49, 50, 51, 81, 82, or
- the substance exhibiting ferromagnetism at room temperature is selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, and gadolinium,
- the materials that show ferrimagnetism at room temperature are FeO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 , MnO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 , NiO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 , CoO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 , iron garnet (garnet) M 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 (M) is an element such as Fe, Y, Mn, and yttrium iron garnet (YIG) Y 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 Microscopic body.
- the outermost layer material of the layered structure is gold and the film thickness is 2 nm or more, or (ii) The innermost layer material of the layered structure is gold and the film thickness is 2 nm.
- the microbody according to any one of (1) to (5) above, which is as described above.
- (7) (i) The thickness of the layer separating the insulator that does not have ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism at room temperature is 10 nm or more, or (ii) the insulator that does not have ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism at room temperature is separated.
- the layered structure includes two or more layers of the thin film, The material of the outermost thin film layer has the property of being dissolved by a predetermined liquid, The microscopic object according to (1), (2) or (3) above, wherein the material of the inner thin film layer has a property that it is not dissolved by the liquid.
- the innermost layer material is gold, silver, silicon, or silicon oxide
- the outermost layer material is iron, copper, germanium, aluminum, chromium, tin, titanium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, or gadolinium.
- a hollow microstructure comprising a step of forming a layered structure by depositing at least one layer of a transition metal, a metal, or a semiconductor in the shape of a thin film layer on the template using a microstructure composed of an organic substance as a template
- the fine particles are composed of a material or quantum dots that exhibit ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism at room temperature that is so small that the magnetic domain structure cannot be maintained, and is different from the material of the thin film layer.
- a substance exhibiting ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism at room temperature wherein the layered structure includes two or more thin film layers, and at least one of the layers is thin enough to maintain a magnetic domain structure.
- the layered structure includes three or more thin-film layers, and at least two of the layers have a structure that is thin enough to maintain a magnetic domain structure, and is ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic at room temperature.
- a method wherein the material is composed of the indicated material and the layer separating it is composed of an insulator.
- An organic mold suspension containing an organic mold having a predetermined diameter, an appropriate amount of pure water, and a material for suppressing electrostatic repulsion between the organic molds is dropped on one surface of the substrate, A step of distributing the organic material mold to a predetermined density; Cleaning and removing an excessive amount of the organic template not adsorbed on the substrate; Drying the organic mold distributed on the substrate, Cutting the organic mold and adjusting the gap between the organic molds disposed on the substrate to a predetermined interval; Depositing at least one layer of transition metal, metal or semiconductor thin film on the organic template distributed on the substrate; A step of decomposing and removing the organic template on which at least one layer of transition metal, metal or semiconductor is deposited, and obtaining a remaining hollow microscopic body;
- a method for producing a hollow micro body composed of a transition metal, a metal or a semiconductor comprising: (I) after the step of depositing at least one layer of
- the fine particles are composed of a substance that exhibits ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism at a room temperature that is so small that the magnetic domain structure cannot be maintained, and is different from the material of the thin film layer.
- the thin film layer includes two or more thin film layers, and at least one of these layers has a structure that is thin enough to maintain a magnetic domain structure and exhibits ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic properties at room temperature.
- the layered structure includes three or more thin-film layers, and at least two of the layers have a structure that is thin enough to maintain a magnetic domain structure, and is ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic at room temperature.
- a method wherein the material is composed of the indicated material and the layer separating it is composed of an insulator.
- the organic mold cutting method is any one of a plasma etching process, an ion milling process, a focused ion beam process, and a resist process.
- the step of depositing at least one layer of transition metal, metal, or semiconductor on the organic template distributed on the substrate is performed by any one of resistance heating vacuum deposition, sputtering, and chemical vapor deposition. The method according to (20) above.
- the step of decomposing and removing the organic template on which at least one layer of transition metal, metal or semiconductor is deposited is performed by any one of an ultraviolet-ozone method, a plasma decomposition method, a photocatalytic decomposition method, and a heat incineration method. (20) The method described. (24) The step of obtaining the hollow micro body further includes A small amount of liquid is dropped on the hollow micro body, While applying ultrasonic waves to the other surface of the substrate, a material having a flat bottom surface on the one surface side to which the hollow micro object is fixed is placed so that a slight load is applied to the bottom surface, and the material is arbitrarily selected. Separating the micro object from the substrate by moving in the direction of The method according to (20) above.
- the liquid dropped on the hollow microsphere is pure water or a protein containing bovine serum, antibody, bovine serum albumin (BSA) in pure water, synthetic DNA, citrate, phosphoric acid.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- the method according to (24) above, wherein a salt and a surfactant containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or tannic acid are added.
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- tannic acid are added.
- an active oxygen generator or the like is used to produce a microparticle with a uniform particle size composed of only each element component in which a metal, a transition metal, or a semiconductor is deposited by controlling the thickness of one or more layers.
- a metal, a transition metal, or a semiconductor is deposited by controlling the thickness of one or more layers.
- a micro body composed only of the deposited elemental components is obtained.
- a weak vibration such as an ultrasonic wave
- the present invention provides a microscopic object configured by arranging quantum dot fine particles between layers of a metal, a transition metal, or a semiconductor having a thickness desired to be manufactured, and a combination of these, and the microscopic object. Provide a method to make. Thereby, blinking of fluorescence can be reduced.
- a minute structure composed of an organic substance such as polystyrene having a uniform particle size is used as a template, and one or more layers of metal, transition metal, or semiconductor are deposited on the surface thereof while controlling the thickness.
- an active oxygen generator or the like After placing the quantum dot fine particles on each element component deposited one or more layers, and further depositing one or more layers of metal, transition metal or semiconductor on the surface thereof, by using an active oxygen generator or the like, Decompose and remove organic mold. As a result, it is possible to obtain a micro body composed only of the deposited elemental components.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a micro object composed of only the target element, which does not contain an impurity component such as polystyrene or glass.
- an impurity component such as polystyrene or glass.
- by aligning the particle size of the organic template it is possible to create a microscopic object composed of only the target element whose particle size is about the same as that of the organic template for elements that have been difficult with conventional self-polymerization and crushing methods. Obtainable.
- the shape and size of the organic template various, it is possible to obtain a microscopic body composed only of target elements having various shapes and sizes. Further, it is possible to disperse the fine particles between layers of different substances in the microscopic body and arrange them in a two-dimensional manner (that is, spread in a direction parallel to the interlayer interface).
- the hollow microbody of the present invention biological materials such as cells that bind to the inner surface of the hollow microbody can be easily recovered using an external magnetic field.
- a biological material such as a specific cell that is smaller than the size of the hollow microbody, that is, can be accommodated in the hollow portion of the hollow microbody.
- the size fractionation of is possible.
- the recovery rate of the target biological material such as cells can be arbitrarily controlled according to the number of layers of the magnetic layer, and more quickly and selectively. It becomes possible to collect.
- (A) is a scanning electron microscope secondary electron image of the produced iron micro object, and (b) is the reflected electron image.
- (A) is a conceptual diagram of a micro object sandwiching quantum dots and (a ') one layer of element removed, (b) and (b') are micro objects in the cases (a) and (a '), respectively. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the fluorescence wavelength characteristic emitted from.
- (A) is a conceptual diagram in the case of immobilizing a biomolecule inside a hollow microbody and capturing the target biomolecule by electrical attraction.
- (A ') is the conceptual diagram of a mode that the target biomolecule was captured as a result of performing electrical attraction.
- (B) is a conceptual diagram in the case where the chain biomolecule is linearly stretched to capture the target biomolecule in the hollow microbody.
- (B ') is a conceptual diagram of a state in which a target biomolecule is captured by a chain biomolecule.
- (C) is a conceptual diagram in the case of capturing a target biomolecule inside two hollow microscopic bodies linked by chain biomolecules.
- (C ′) is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which target biomolecules are trapped inside two hollow microscopic bodies. It is a figure which shows the state of the particle
- FIG. (A) is a concept of a hollow micro object having two layers of ferromagnetic layers having a film thickness that cannot maintain a magnetic domain structure, and a multilayer thin film structure having a total of three layers separated by an insulator layer.
- FIG. (B) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of ferromagnetic layers at a film thickness that cannot maintain the magnetic domain structure of the micro object and the response to the applied magnetic field.
- the present invention comprises a layered structure comprising one or more thin film layers of a transition metal, metal or semiconductor, and has an internal space and an opening defined by the layered structure.
- a hollow microscopic object is provided.
- the hollow microscopic object of the present invention has a cap-like structure having an internal space and an opening defined by a layered structure.
- the shape of the cap portion may vary depending on the shape of the mold used in the manufacturing process of the micro body, and may be a hemispherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, a prismatic shape, or the like, but is not limited thereto.
- the size (or particle size) of the hollow microparticles of the present invention can also vary depending on the application and the size of the mold used in the manufacturing process, and is in the range of about 0.1 nm to about 1 mm, Preferably, it is about 1 nm to about 500 ⁇ m, more preferably about 5 nm to 100 ⁇ m, and most preferably about 5 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- metal simply refers to a typical element metal.
- Typical elements are elements of Groups 1, 2 and 12 to 18 in the periodic table, and are classifications of elements composed of all non-metals and some metals.
- metals such as Al, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Tl, Pb, and Bi are preferable.
- transition metal means a transition element, and means a group 3 to group 11 element of the periodic table.
- the “transition metal” used in the present invention is preferably a transition metal from 21 to 79 excluding atomic number 43.
- semiconductor has a meaning commonly used in the art (“a substance having an electrical conductivity ⁇ at room temperature of about 10 3 to 10 ⁇ 10 S / cm between a metal and an insulator”). (Iwanami Physical and Chemical Dictionary 5th edition, 1998 Iwanami Shoten)). As the “semiconductor” used in the present invention, for example, Si, Se, Te and the like are preferable.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a hollow microscopic object of the present invention.
- a hemispherical hollow micro object composed of three types of elements 1, 2, and 3 is shown, but the number of layers, the shape of the micro object, and the like are not limited thereto.
- the outer shell of the hollow microbody of the present invention has a layered structure in which the elements 1, 2, and 3 are laminated in a thin film shape, and the thickness of each layer is typical. Is in the range of about 1 nm to about 1 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of about 1 nm to about 500 nm, and most preferably in the range of about 1 nm to about 100 nm, but is not limited to these ranges, and the lower limit is The upper limit can be appropriately set depending on the purpose within an arbitrary range from about 0.1 nm to about 10 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a method for producing a hollow micro object.
- a template of the minute body for example, on the 5nm of 100 micron organic structure 4, the vapor deposition source 5 -1, emitted from 5-2 elements 1, 2, 3 are sequentially deposited in the range of 1 nm to 500 nm, and then the organic template 4 is decomposed and removed by a method such as ultraviolet-ozone method, plasma decomposition method, photocatalytic decomposition method, heating incineration method, etc. Get.
- a method such as ultraviolet-ozone method, plasma decomposition method, photocatalytic decomposition method, heating incineration method, etc. Get.
- a thin layer having a thin film thickness that cannot maintain the magnetic domain structure of an element or compound having ferromagnetism or ferromagnetism at room temperature is introduced.
- a hollow microbody is provided.
- an element or compound Fe, Fe 2 O 3 , MnO ⁇ Fe 2 , which is a ferromagnet of a single element such as iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, etc.
- ferrimagnetic materials such as insulating ferrimagnetic materials such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG) Y 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 can be used.
- the film thickness that cannot maintain the magnetic domain structure is generally 10 nm or less, 9 nm or less, 8 nm or less, 7 nm or less, 6 nm or less, preferably about 5 nm or less, 4 nm or less, 3 nm or less, 2 nm or less, depending on the type of material. Alternatively, when the thickness is 1 nm or less, superparamagnetism that cannot have a magnetic domain structure can be realized.
- the hollow microbody of the present invention two or more thin layers that cannot maintain the magnetic domain structure of an element or compound having ferromagnetism or ferromagnetism at room temperature are introduced, and that layer is an insulator layer.
- a hollow micro object having superparamagnetic properties isolated by being sandwiched between them is provided.
- an element or a compound constituting the insulator layer SiO, SiO 2 , manganese oxide, nickel oxide, alumina and other oxides, polymers such as Teflon (registered trademark), organic polymers such as plastics, An insulator or the like can be used.
- the film thickness separating the magnetic layers depends on the type of material, it is generally about 5 nm or more, preferably about 10 nm or more so that each magnetic layer is separated by an insulator layer. Superparamagnetism can be realized.
- the layered structure includes two or more thin film layers, and includes hollow particles including fine particles arranged two-dimensionally dispersed and buried at the interface between the two or more thin film layers. Of microparticles are provided. These fine particles are different from the substance forming the thin film layer.
- a substance that emits fluorescence is used as these particles.
- Such fine particles include, for example, fine particles (quantum dots) having a diameter of several nm constructed by an element such as cadmium-selenium (CdSe).
- quantum dots include CdS, CdTe, CdHgTe, HgTe, and the like.
- the surrounding environment of the quantum dots can be kept constant by dispersion embedding in the layer interface, it is possible to provide quantum dots that emit stable fluorescence characteristics. In this way, the problem of quantum dot ionization can be solved.
- ferromagnetic elements of simple elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and gadolinium that exhibit ferromagnetism at normal temperature, or FeO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 , MnO ⁇ Fe 2 called ferrite
- FeO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 , MnO ⁇ Fe 2 called ferrite
- O 3 , NiO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 , CoO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 and other oxide magnetic materials iron garnet (garnet) M 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 (M substitutes elements such as Fe, Y and Mn)
- a ferrimagnetic material such as an insulating ferrimagnetic material such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG) Y 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 can be used which has a minute size that does not maintain the magnetic domain structure.
- the substance that generates fluorescence and the substance that exhibits ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism at room temperature can be used simultaneously or mixed as the fine particles.
- a hollow micro object further including a polymer having one end fixed to the surface facing the internal space of the layered structure.
- Polymer includes biomolecules such as nucleic acid molecules (eg, DNA, RNA), proteins, polymer polymers (eg, cellulose polymer, polyethylene glycol) and the like.
- a polymer whose structure changes with changes in ionic strength and pH of the solution is preferably used.
- the substance forming the outermost layer of the shell is, for example, a substance in which one end of a polymer such as iron, copper, germanium, aluminum, chromium, tin, titanium, manganese, nickel is difficult to bind Is included.
- the substance forming the innermost layer includes, for example, a substance that easily bonds to one end of a polymer such as gold, silver, silicon, or silicon oxide. Which substance is used can be easily determined by those skilled in the art depending on the application.
- the layered structure forming the outer shell includes two or more thin film layers, and the substance of the outermost thin film layer of the outer shell is dissolved by a predetermined liquid.
- a hollow micro object having a property that the material of the inner thin film layer is not dissolved by the liquid is provided.
- the outermost layer and the immediately inner layer (A) are made of a substance 2 (for example, aluminum, copper) having a property of being dissolved by a predetermined solution
- the inner layer ( B) and its inner layer (C) (which may be the innermost layer) are substances that do not dissolve in the solution and are preferably made of substance 1 (for example, gold) that is easily chemically modified.
- Quantum dots 7 having nano-sized quantum dots 8 dispersed and buried two-dimensionally between the outermost layer and layer A, and having optical characteristics different from those of quantum dots 8 between layers B and C. Is buried in two dimensions.
- a fluorescence resonance phenomenon occurs between the quantum dots 8 and 7, and fluorescence with a characteristic wavelength is stably emitted (see FIGS. 10A and 10B).
- the distance between the quantum dots 7 and 8 can be appropriately adjusted so that the fluorescence resonance phenomenon occurs by appropriately adjusting the thicknesses of the layers A and B.
- the outermost layer and the layer A immediately inside it are eluted by exposing the hollow micro object to a solution capable of dissolving the substance 2 (for example, hydrochloric acid).
- the quantum dots 8 can be removed together with these layers.
- the fluorescence emitted from the microscopic object of the present invention according to this embodiment has a wavelength that the quantum dot 7 originally emits. In this way, it is possible to provide a sensor that emits different light depending on the solvent conditions (see FIGS. 10 (a ') and (b')).
- the substance forming the outermost thin film layer in this embodiment is preferably a substance that can be eluted depending on the solvent conditions, and includes, for example, metals such as magnesium and aluminum, transition metals such as zinc and copper, and semiconductors such as germanium. However, it is not limited to these.
- the substance forming the innermost thin film layer is preferably a substance that is easily chemically modified, and includes, for example, transition metals such as gold and silver, semiconductor oxides such as dielectrics, silicon monoxide, and silicon dioxide.
- the “predetermined liquid” varies depending on the substance used in the outermost layer. For example, hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide in the case of aluminum, nitric acid in the case of copper, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in the case of zinc, etc. Can be used.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a hollow microscopic object, using a microstructure composed of an organic substance as a template, and at least one layer of a transition metal, metal, or semiconductor as the above template as a thin film layer.
- a method for producing a hollow microscopic body which includes a step of depositing on a substrate.
- An organic mold suspension containing an organic mold having a predetermined diameter, an appropriate amount of pure water, and a material for suppressing electrostatic repulsion between the organic molds is dropped on one surface of the substrate, and the organic matter is deposited on the substrate.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which an organic structure serving as a template for producing the hollow microscopic object of the present invention is arranged on a substrate.
- a prismatic organic mold 4 disposed on a flat substrate 6 is taken as an example.
- the material of the substrate is generally silicon, glass, aluminum, plastic or the like, but any material may be used as long as it is flat.
- the size of the organic template 4 can vary depending on the application and is in the range of about 0.1 nm to about 1 mm, preferably about 1 nm to about 500 ⁇ m, more preferably about 5 nm to about 100 ⁇ m, most preferably Is about 5 nm to about 1 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is about 5 nm to about 100 microns, and a shape such as a sphere, cylinder, cone, or insulator can be used.
- the material is appropriately selected from polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA), etc. according to the shape of the micro object that is finally desired to be produced.
- PDMS polymethylsiloxane
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate resin
- polystyrene, hemisphere, cylinder, cone, PDMS, PMMA, etc. are suitable for making spherical, respectively.
- Examples of the method for arranging the organic material template 4 on the substrate 6 include a method of cutting an organic material thin film applied on the substrate, a method of applying a self-organized film forming method, and a method of controlling the dispersion force of the organic material template in a solvent. is there.
- a method of controlling the dispersion force of an organic template in a solvent an appropriate amount of salt is added to the solvent in which the organic template is dispersed, and the electrostatic repulsion between organic templates is suppressed on the substrate.
- the organic material mold can be arranged on the substrate with high density.
- the amount of salt to be added varies depending on the size and material of the organic template. For example, when a polystyrene sphere having a diameter of 100 nm is used as a template, the organic template solution and the 500 mM salt solution may be mixed at a ratio of 1: 2.
- the organic material mold 4 arranged on the substrate 6 is subjected to physical cutting such as plasma etching processing, ion milling processing, focused ion beam processing, resist processing, and chemical cutting using an acidic solvent, an alkaline solvent, and an organic solvent.
- the size and the distance between the organic molds can be appropriately controlled. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, 100 nm diameter polystyrene spheres (see FIG. 4A) arranged on the substrate so as to be in contact with each other are subjected to plasma etching for 15 seconds, whereby a diameter of about 80 nm and an interval of about 30 nm (FIG. 4). (See (b)).
- a microscopic element desired to be produced is deposited on the template.
- an appropriate method may be selected from (resistance heating type) vacuum deposition, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, and the like.
- a method for producing a microscopic object by vacuum deposition will be described as an example.
- examples of elements that can be used as a vapor deposition source are listed in the periodic table as follows.
- transition metals up to 79 excluding atomic number 43 (2) Metals with atomic numbers 13, 31, 32, 33, 49, 50, 51, 81, 82, and 83, and (3) Semiconductors with atomic numbers 14, 34, and 52.
- Both the substrate 6 and the organic template 4 disposed thereon are disposed in a vacuum deposition apparatus to deposit one or more layers of elements.
- the vapor deposition can be performed as follows, for example.
- the organic mold 4 previously placed on the substrate 6 is set in the chamber of the resistance heating evaporation apparatus so as to face the evaporation source in the apparatus.
- the degree of vacuum in the chamber is, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pascal, and the temperature in the chamber is room temperature.
- a shutter is provided between the organic mold 4 and the vapor deposition source.
- the vapor deposition source includes a vapor deposition source container and a heating resistor. The shutter can be moved back and forth or left and right. When the shutter covers the entire surface of the substrate 6, vapor deposition on the organic mold is blocked, and when the substrate 6 is exposed to the vapor deposition source by moving the shutter, the organic mold 4 is moved. Is deposited.
- a metal, transition metal or semiconductor deposited on the surface of the organic mold is placed.
- the heating resistor is used to heat and evaporate the element placed in the deposition source container.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram when two layers of elements 1 and 2 are deposited on the organic template 4.
- vapor deposition is preferably performed sequentially from an element serving as an inner layer.
- the element 2 is deposited after the element 1 is deposited.
- the film thickness of the element to be deposited may be appropriately selected within the range of 1 nm to 500 nm, for example.
- the outermost layer of the elements deposited on the surface of the micro object corresponding to element 2 is made of a material that can be easily modified such as gold or silver, thereby immobilizing organic molecules on the surface of the micro object. can do.
- thiol groups bind strongly to the gold surface, but proteins such as DNA and RNA into which thiol groups have been introduced at the ends using this binding reaction and antibodies containing thiol groups
- Various organic molecules such as a monomolecular film-forming reagent containing a thiol group can be immobilized.
- the thickness of the outermost element layer is preferably at least about 1 nm, more preferably at least about 1.5 nm, and at least about 2 nm in order to obtain a stable immobilization layer. Most preferred.
- FIG. 6 shows a case where gold, germanium, copper, and nickel were deposited on the surface of a polystyrene sphere microparticle having a diameter of 100 nm as a first layer, and then deposited as a second layer on which gold was not deposited (FIG. 6 (a)). ), And when the gold was deposited to 2 nm (FIG. 6 (b)), the DNA having a thiol group at the 5 ′ end was reacted at a concentration of 3 ⁇ M, and the unreacted remaining in the supernatant. It is the result of having performed the light absorption spectrum measurement with respect to DNA.
- the horizontal axis is the wavelength of light
- the vertical axis is the light absorbance.
- FIG. 7 shows that after depositing gold, germanium, copper, nickel on the surface of a polystyrene sphere microparticle having a diameter of 100 nm as a first layer, gold is deposited as a second layer on each of 0, 2, 5, and 10 nm.
- surface which put together the result of having calculated the fixed density of DNA containing the thiol group fixed on the surface of a microbody by the difference measurement of said light absorption spectrum measurement, when vapor-depositing with a film thickness.
- the DNA immobilization density is gold when the second layer gold film thickness is 2 nm.
- the immobilization density hardly changes even when the film thickness increases to 5 nm or 10 nm, so that the thickness of the second gold layer, which is the outermost layer, is 2 nm or more, and the molecules are sufficiently fixed. It can be used as a layer, and it was confirmed that the performance did not change even when the film thickness was changed to a thickness greater than that.
- the organic mold can be decomposed and removed by any of the ultraviolet-ozone method, plasma decomposition method, photocatalytic decomposition method, and heat incineration method.
- the method is not limited.
- FIG. 8 a description will be given taking as an example decomposition and removal by the ultraviolet-ozone method.
- the organic material template 4 on which the elements 1 and 2 are deposited is placed in the ultraviolet-ozone decomposition apparatus cabinet together with the substrate 6. Ozone is generated by introducing oxygen into the chamber and irradiating with ultraviolet rays, and the organic matter including the organic matter template 4 is decomposed and removed.
- the time for performing the treatment can be appropriately adjusted by those skilled in the art depending on the size of the organic material template and the like, but in the case of a polystyrene sphere template having a diameter of 100 nm, a treatment of about 60 minutes is sufficient.
- the hollow microscopic body composed only of the deposited elements is obtained by decomposing and removing the organic material template 4.
- a microscopic body having a two-layer structure of elements 1 and 2 can be obtained after the decomposition treatment.
- the produced microscopic object can be separated from the substrate 6 by a method such as ultrasonic treatment and suspended in an appropriate solvent.
- the microscopic object can be suspended in pure water by dropping pure water on the substrate 6 and applying an ultrasonic wave to the side of the substrate 6 opposite to the side where the microscopic object is attached.
- a small amount of liquid is dropped on the hollow micro body, while applying ultrasonic waves to the other surface of the substrate, a material having a flat bottom surface on the one surface side to which the hollow micro object is fixed is placed so that a slight load is applied to the bottom surface, and the material is arbitrarily selected.
- the minute body may be peeled off from the substrate by moving in the direction.
- the liquid dropped on the hollow micro body is not limited to pure water, for example, protein containing bovine serum, antibody, bovine serum albumin (BSA) in pure water, synthetic DNA, citrate, phosphorus It may be a salt added with an acid salt and a surfactant containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or tannic acid. Further, it may be an acid such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, an alkali such as ammonia or potassium hydroxide, an organic solvent such as ethanol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or the like.
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- FIG. Fig. 9 shows that 10nm of iron is deposited on a 100nm diameter polystyrene sphere mold, the organic mold is decomposed and removed by the UV-ozone method, suspended in pure water, and then the microscopic object is placed again on another substrate and scanned. This is an example observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- the detailed structure of the microscopic object can be seen by secondary electron measurement, and the reflected electron luminance of the manufactured microscopic object is found to be almost uniform by the reflected electron measurement.
- nano-sized fine particles different from the material of the thin film layer are dispersed on the surface of a specific layer between two or more thin film layers constituting the hollow micro object.
- a micro object characterized by having can be manufactured.
- the step of dispersing and bonding fine particles on the surface, and the transition metal, metal, or semiconductor again after the step
- the fine particles are dispersed and buried in a two-dimensional manner in a sandwich manner at the interface formed between the deposited material of the first layer and the deposited material of the second layer.
- Quantum dots are minute particles with a diameter of several nanometers constructed from elements such as cadmium-selenium, and are characterized by fluorescence depending on size. In the biological field, it is widely used as a label for a target biomolecule, but it is known that fluorescence blinks or quenches due to environmental factors such as the distance between adjacent quantum dots and solvent conditions. It is also known that when two types of quantum dots that emit light of different wavelengths are brought close to each other at a certain distance, a resonance phenomenon due to energy transfer occurs and light of a characteristic wavelength is emitted.
- iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium and other ferromagnetic elements that exhibit ferromagnetism at normal temperature or FeO / Fe 2 O 3 , MnO / Fe 2 O 3 , NiO / Magnetic oxides such as Fe 2 O 3 and CoO / Fe 2 O 3 , iron garnet (garnet) M 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 (M is substituted with elements such as Fe, Y, and Mn), yttrium iron garnet ( YIG)
- Ferrimagnetic materials such as insulating ferrimagnetic materials such as Y 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 are dispersed in two layers so as not to be joined to each other as fine particles with a size that does not maintain the magnetic domain structure.
- the particle size for maintaining superparamagnetism is preferably 5 nm or less, superparamagnetism in which a magnetic domain structure cannot be reliably constructed can be realized.
- FIG. 10 shows the method.
- the element 1 constituting the minute body is made of a material that can be easily chemically modified, such as gold, and the quantum dots 7 are immobilized thereon.
- Immobilization methods include the use of two-dimensional spatial structure construction of DNA, cross-linking by introducing amino groups, thiol groups, and biotin at both ends, methods using proteins such as BSA and antibodies, and two-crosslinking agents. There are methods to use. After fixing the quantum dots 7 on the surface of the element 1, the same kind of element 1 ′ is stacked to confine the quantum dots 7 in the element 1. As a result, the distance between adjacent quantum dots can be controlled, the surrounding environment can be kept constant by confinement, and stable fluorescence characteristics can be emitted.
- the element 2 ′ is again laminated in the same manner to confine the quantum dots 8.
- the total thickness of element 1 'and element 2 is set to an appropriate value between 2 nm and 1 micron, a fluorescence resonance phenomenon occurs between quantum dots 7 and 8, and fluorescence with a characteristic wavelength is stabilized. Be emitted.
- the type of element 2 a material that can be eluted under a solvent condition such as aluminum or copper, the elements 2 and 2 ′ and the quantum dots 8 can be removed together with the micro object.
- the fluorescence emitted from the minute body has a wavelength that the quantum dot 7 originally emits, and can be used as a sensor that emits different light depending on the solvent conditions.
- the micro body developed in the present invention can also be used as a micro cell for capturing a target biomolecule.
- FIG. 11 shows the method.
- a single layer or multiple layers of hollow micro objects 9 are arranged so that the opening faces opposite to the substrate 6 as shown in FIG.
- the method of arranging the micro objects 9 in this way is performed by using an adhesive tape or the like as the material of the substrate 6 and gently peeling the tape after affixing the tape on the hollow micro objects prepared in FIG.
- the biomolecule 10 desired to react with the target biomolecule 11 is fixed inside the microbody 9.
- the protein can be immobilized inside the hollow micro object 9 via an amino group or a thiol group of the protein.
- the target biomolecule By applying an electric field between the substrate 6 and another substrate 6 ′ disposed in a solvent in which the target biomolecule 11 is dispersed, the target biomolecule can be captured inside the hollow microscopic object.
- the reaction biomolecule 10 as an antibody and the target biomolecule 11 as an antigen, only the antigen can be selectively recovered from the solvent.
- the reaction biomolecule 10 a chaperone protein and the target biomolecule 11 a protein having a broken structure, the target protein can be confined in the hollow microscopic internal space and efficiently repaired.
- the chain biomolecule 14 is fixed inside the hollow microbody 9 and the target biomolecule 12 is recovered by stretching the chain.
- the material of the chain biomolecule 14 may be DNA or a polymer, and further a material obtained by linking these with molecules that change in structure by light irradiation and / or electric field application.
- a substance such as diazobenzene that changes its structure when irradiated with light having a wavelength of 365 nm may be used.
- a capture biomolecule 13 for capturing the target biomolecule 12 is immobilized on the chain biomolecule 14.
- the side chain of the chain biomolecule 14 and the amino group, thiol group, or carboxyl group of the capture biomolecule 13 may be chemically cross-linked.
- the chain biomolecule 14 is linearly extended by application of an electric field and / or magnetic field, light irradiation, or change in the solvent salt concentration, and the target biomolecule 12 in the solvent is bound to the capture biomolecule 13.
- the target biomolecule 12 is folded into the hollow microbody by folding the chain biomolecule 14 into the hollow microbody by changing the electric field, the magnetic field, or the solvent salt concentration in the opposite direction, or by stopping the light irradiation. 9 is collected inside.
- the target biomolecule 12 and the reaction biomolecule 9 can be efficiently reacted inside the microbody.
- the chain biomolecule 14 can be extended by returning the electric field and / or magnetic field again, light irradiation, or changing the solvent salt concentration again, and the target biomolecule 12 can be returned to the solvent.
- the biomolecule for reaction 10 is a chaperone protein
- the target biomolecule 12 is a protein with a broken structure
- the capture biomolecule 13 is an antibody against the protein
- a method of capturing the target biomolecule 12 in the solvent by connecting the two hollow micromolecules with the chain biomolecules 14 as shown in FIG. 11C without immobilizing the hollow micromolecules 9 on the substrate. is there.
- the method of linking two hollow microscopic bodies can be prepared by using gold or silver as the material inside the microscopic bodies and introducing amino groups, thiol groups or carboxyl groups at both ends of the chain biomolecule 14 and mixing them. It is.
- By extending the chain biomolecule 14 linearly by applying an electric field or magnetic field, irradiating light, or changing the solvent salt concentration the distance between the two hollow microscopic bodies 9 is increased, and the capture biomolecule 13 is exposed.
- the target biomolecule 12 in the solvent is bound to the capture biomolecule 13.
- the chain-like biomolecule 14 is folded inside the hollow microscopic body by changing the electric field, the magnetic field, or the solvent salt concentration in the opposite direction, or by stopping the light irradiation.
- the two hollow micro objects are closed, and the target biomolecule 12 can be captured inside the hollow micro object 9.
- the chain biomolecule 14 can be stretched by reapplying an electric and / or magnetic field, light irradiation, or changing the solvent salt concentration again to return the target biomolecule 12 back into the solvent.
- ferromagnetism or ferromagnetism at room temperature introduce elements or compounds that have ferromagnetism or ferromagnetism at room temperature into thin layers that cannot maintain the magnetic domain structure, or fine particles with a small particle size that cannot maintain the magnetic domain structure between layers. By making it contain, it can be set as the hollow fine body which has the superparamagnetic characteristic.
- specific examples of substances used include ferromagnetic substances such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and gadolinium that exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature, or FeO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 and MnO ⁇ Fe 2 O called ferrite.
- iron garnet (garnet) M 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 M is substituted with elements such as Fe, Y, Mn
- Ferrimagnetic materials such as insulating ferrimagnetic materials such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG) Y 3 ⁇ Fe 5 O 12 can be used.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the state of particles before, during and after application of an external magnetic field in a hollow micro object having a ferromagnetic layer with a film thickness that cannot maintain the magnetic domain structure.
- a hollow microscopic object consisting of two layers of nickel, which is a ferromagnetic metal on the outer layer and gold on the inner side
- the diameter is 10 ⁇ m
- the gold film thickness on the inner side is 10 nm
- the outer nickel is
- the microscopic bodies are dispersed, and when the nickel film thickness is 2 nm, the magnetic domain structure cannot be maintained and it has superparamagnetic characteristics.
- the diameter is 10 ⁇ m
- the inside of the micro body is gold 10 nm
- the outside of the micro body is 5 nm of nickel
- the thickness of the nickel layer of 5 nm is the boundary thickness of the superparamagnetic material that cannot maintain the magnetic domain structure and the strong paramagnetic material that can construct the magnetic domain structure.
- FIG. 13 schematically shows an example of a cell recovery method that actually uses a magnetic hollow microparticle having superparamagnetic properties at room temperature.
- FIG. A schematically shows a state in which a cell 1302 smaller than the size of the hemisphere of the magnetic hollow micro object 1301 interacts with the micro object 1301 and is collected and purified.
- molecules that interact with target cells such as DNA aptamers and antibodies modified on the inner surface of the micro object 1301 in the stirring step (i) can physically contact the inner surface of the micro object 1301.
- the size is as small as possible, the cell 1302 and the micro object 1301 can be bonded by interacting with the cell surface.
- the microscopic object is aggregated by an external magnetic field such as a permanent magnet 1306 to remove the cells that have not been combined with the microscopic object 1301, and only the microscopic object 1301 and the target cell 1302 are obtained.
- Factors that fix cells on the inner surface of the micro object 1301 such as the enzyme 1303 are decomposed.
- the micro object may be disassembled.
- only the target object 1302 can be recovered by recovering only the minute body 1301 again by the permanent magnet 1306.
- FIG. B shows an example where the size of the cell 1304 is larger than the size of the hollow portion of the micro object 1301.
- FIG. C schematically shows a procedure when the test tube 1305 is actually used.
- the micro object 1301 is mixed in a test tube 1305 including various cells 1302 and 1304, and the solution is exchanged while the micro object 1301 is held by the permanent magnet 1306, the cell 1304 that has not bound to the micro object 1301 is removed. .
- the collected cells 1302 to be collected can be collected.
- the micro body 1301 of one kind of size is used.
- the process shown in FIG. 13 is repeated, and the micro bodies of a plurality of sizes are gradually changed from a micro body having a large particle diameter to a small micro body. To perform size fractionation.
- FIG. 14 (a) shows the simplest example, in which there are two ferromagnetic layers (1401, 1403) having a film thickness that cannot maintain the magnetic domain structure, and these are separated by an insulator layer (1402).
- the body is schematically shown.
- the elements or compounds constituting the insulator layer include oxides such as SiO, SiO 2 , manganese oxide, nickel oxide, and alumina, polymers such as Teflon (registered trademark), organic polymers such as plastic, and insulators. Can be used.
- the film thickness separating the magnetic layers depends on the type of material, it is generally about 5 nm or more, preferably about 10 nm or more so that each magnetic layer is separated by an insulator layer. Superparamagnetism can be realized. As one of the preferred non-limiting examples, a process of forming a 2 nm Ni layer on a polystyrene sphere mold having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m, a 20 nm SiO 2 layer, and a 2 nm Ni layer is further formed.
- FIG. 14B is a graph summarizing the relationship of (moving) speed. As shown in FIG.
- the response speed to the magnetic field increases substantially linearly as the number of magnetic layers included in the micro object increases, so that a large number of magnetic layers are desired when rapid recovery by applying a magnetic field is desired. It can be seen that it is desirable to produce a micro body having a small number of magnetic layers when it is desired to slowly collect the micro body having a magnetic layer.
- a hollow micro object composed of only elements desired to be manufactured by decomposing and removing an organic template after depositing a target element on an organic template disposed on a substrate.
- it is possible to produce a large amount of various types of microparticles so that not only can various biomolecules be labeled at the same time, but also new materials that use microscopic bodies of various elements of nanometer size.
- the hollow microbody of the present invention and the method for recovering a biological material or the like using the same are useful for selectively and / or effectively recovering target fine particles such as cells having a specific size instead of filter fractionation. . Further, by selecting the material and thickness of the element layer and the number of layers at the time of producing the micro object, it is possible to recover quickly or gently. Furthermore, it is useful for selectively and / or effectively recovering small target microparticles such as intracellular structures, which have been difficult until now, in a size-dependent manner, by using microparticles of 1 micron or less. .
- Chain biomolecules 1301 ... magnetic hollow microscopic bodies, 1302 ... small size cells that can enter the inner surface of the microbody, 1303 ... DNA aptamer degrading enzyme, 1304 ... large size cells that cannot enter the inner surface of the microbody, 1305 ... Test tube, 1306 ... Permanent magnet, 14 1 ... magnetic layer, 1402 ... insulating layer, 1403 ... magnetic layer.
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Abstract
Description
ここでNは有限の繰り返し回数を意味しており、2以上の整数である。
また、ここで絶縁体とは、当該分野で通常用いられる物質(室温における電気伝導率σが、約10-6S/cm以下である物質)を意味しており、典型的には酸化ケイ素や二酸化ケイ素などを示す。
(1)外殻を形成し、遷移金属、金属または半導体の1以上の薄膜の層を含む層状構造、ならびに該層状構造によって規定された内部空間および開口部を備える、中空状の微小体(A hollow microscopic object comprising: a layer structure which forms an outer shell and comprises a layer of at least one thin film of a transition metal, a metal or a semiconductor; and an inner space and an opening which are defined by the layer structure.)であって、
上記層状構造が、
2以上の薄膜の層と、
上記2以上の薄膜の層間の界面に二次元的に分散埋没されて配置された微粒子と、
を含み、
上記微粒子が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に微小なサイズの常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質または量子ドットで構成され、上記薄膜層の物質とは異なるものである、微小体。
(2)外殻を形成し、遷移金属、金属または半導体の1以上の薄膜の層を含む層状構造、ならびに該層状構造によって規定された内部空間および開口部を備える、中空状の微小体であって、
上記層状構造が、
2以上の薄膜の層を含み、
少なくともそれらの層の中の一層が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されている、微小体。
(3)外殻を形成し、遷移金属、金属または半導体の1以上の薄膜の層を含む層状構造、ならびに該層状構造によって規定された内部空間および開口部を備える、中空状の微小体であって、
上記層状構造が、
3以上の薄膜の層を含み、
少なくともそれらの層の中の2層以上が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されており、それを隔てる層が隔てられた磁性体層の間で強磁性を発生させることができない程度の距離を隔てる厚さを有する絶縁体から構成されている、微小体。
(4)上記遷移金属、金属または半導体が、周期律表で原子番号43番を除く79番までの遷移金属、原子番号13,31,32,33,49,50,51,81,82,もしくは83番の金属、または原子番号14,34,もしくは52番の半導体のいずれかである、上記(1)、(2)または(3)記載の微小体。
(5)上記常温で強磁性を示す物質が、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、およびガドリニウムからなる群から選択され、
上記常温でフェリ磁性を示す物質が、FeO・Fe2O3、MnO・Fe2O3、NiO・Fe2O3、CoO・Fe2O3、鉄ガーネット(ザクロ石)M3・Fe5O12(MはFe、Y、Mnなどの元素)、およびイットリウム鉄ガーネット(YIG)Y3・Fe5O12からなる群から選択される、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
(6)(i)上記層状構造の最外層の物質が金であり、その膜厚が2nm以上である、または(ii)上記層状構造の最内層の物質が金であり、その膜厚が2nm以上である、上記(1)~(5)のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
(7)(i)常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を持たない絶縁体を隔てる層の厚さが10nm以上である、または
(ii)常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を持たない絶縁体を隔てる層として絶縁体物質または金属酸化物を用いたことを特徴とした、上記(3)記載の微小体。
(8)上記微粒子の層の厚さとして5nm以下の膜厚としたことを特徴とする上記(2)または(3)記載の微小体。
(9)前記量子ドットが、CdS、CdSe、CdTe、CdHgTe、およびHgTeからなる群から選択される、上記(1)記載の微小体。
(10)上記層状構造が、2以上の上記薄膜の層を含み、
最外層の薄膜層の物質が、所定の液体によって溶解する性質を有し、
内側の薄膜層の物質が、上記液体によって溶解しない性質を有する、上記(1)、(2)または(3)記載の微小体。
(11)上記最外層の薄膜層の物質が金属であり、上記内側の薄膜層の物質が誘電体物質または半導体物質である、上記(10)記載の微小体。
(12)上記層状構造の上記内部空間に面した表面に、その一端が固定された高分子をさらに含む、上記(1)、(2)または(3)記載の微小体。
(13)上記層状構造の最内層の物質と最外層の物質とが異なっており、上記最内層の物質が、上記高分子の一端が付加されることに適した物質であり、上記最外層の物質が、上記高分子の一端が付加されにくい物質である、上記(12)記載の微小体。
(14)上記最内層の物質が金、銀、シリコン、酸化シリコンのいずれかであり、上記最外層の物質が鉄、銅、ゲルマニウム、アルミニウム、クロム、スズ、チタン、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト、ガドリニウムのいずれかである、上記(12)または(13)記載の微小体。
(15)上記高分子が、溶液のイオン強度および/もしくはpHの変化、電場の印加、磁場の印加、または光照射によって構造が変化する高分子である、上記(12)~(14)のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
(16)上記高分子が、DNA鎖またはセルロースポリマー、またはこれらを電場の印加、磁場の印加、もしくは光照射により構造変化する分子で連結したものである、上記(12)~(15)のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
(17)上記高分子が、核酸分子もしくは分子鎖、核酸誘導体分子もしくは分子鎖、抗体等のタンパク質分子鎖、または細胞表面等への結合性を有する高分子鎖等である、上記(12)~(15)のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
(18)上記高分子の他端が、別の微小体または基板表面に固定されている、上記(12)~(15)のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
(19)有機物で構成された微小構造物を鋳型として、遷移金属、金属または半導体の少なくとも1つ以上の層を上記鋳型に薄膜層状に堆積させて層状構造を形成する工程を含む、中空微小体の作製方法であって、
(i)上記遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程の後に、該堆積させた層の表面に微粒子を分散して結合させる工程と、その工程の後に、再び遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程とをさらに含み、それによって、上記微粒子が、上記第1層の堆積物質と、上記第2層の堆積物質との間に作られる界面にサンドイッチ状に2次元に分散埋没され、
上記微粒子が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に微小なサイズの常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質または量子ドットで構成され、上記薄膜層の物質とは異なるものである、
または
(ii)上記層状構造が、2以上の薄膜の層を含み、少なくともそれらの層の中の一層が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されている、
または
(iii)上記層状構造が、3以上の薄膜の層を含み、少なくともそれらの層の中の2層以上が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されており、それを隔てる層が絶縁体で構成されている、方法。
(20)所定の直径を有する有機物鋳型、適量の純水、および有機物鋳型間の静電反発力を抑制するための材料を含む有機物鋳型懸濁液を基板の一面に滴下して、上記基板上に上記有機物鋳型を所定の密度に分布させる工程、
上記基板上に吸着していない過剰量の上記有機物鋳型を洗浄除去する工程、
上記基板上に分布された上記有機物鋳型を乾燥させる工程、
上記有機物鋳型の切削処理を行い、上記基板上に配置された上記有機物鋳型の間隙を所定の間隔に調整する工程、
上記基板上に分布された上記有機物鋳型に、遷移金属、金属または半導体の薄膜の層を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程、
遷移金属、金属または半導体の層を少なくとも1層堆積させた上記有機物鋳型を分解除去し、残存した中空微小体を得る工程、
を含む、遷移金属、金属または半導体で構成された中空微小体の製作方法であって、
(i)上記遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程の後に、該堆積させた層の表面に微粒子を分散して結合させる工程と、その工程の後に、再び遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程とをさらに含み、それによって、上記微粒子が、上記第1層の堆積物質と、上記第2層の堆積物質との間に作られる界面にサンドイッチ状に2次元に分散埋没され、
上記微粒子が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に微小なサイズの常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質で構成され、上記薄膜層の物質とは異なるものである、
または
(ii)上記薄膜の層が、2以上の薄膜の層を含み、少なくともそれらの層の中の一層が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されている、
または
(iii)上記層状構造が、3以上の薄膜の層を含み、少なくともそれらの層の中の2層以上が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されており、それを隔てる層が絶縁体で構成されている、方法。
(21)上記有機物鋳型の切削処理法が、プラズマエッチング処理、イオンミリング処理、収束イオンビーム処理、レジスト処理のいずれかである、上記(20)記載の方法。
(22)上記基板上に分布された上記有機物鋳型に遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程が、抵抗加熱式真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法、化学気相成長法のいずれかによって行われる、上記(20)記載の方法。
(23)遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層蒸着させた上記有機物鋳型を分解除去する工程が、紫外線-オゾン法、プラズマ分解法、光触媒分解法、加熱焼却法のいずれかによって行われる、上記(20)記載の方法。
(24)上記中空微小体を得る工程がさらに、
上記中空微小体上に、微量の液体を滴下し、
上記基板の他面に超音波を作用させながら、上記中空微小体が固定された上記一面側に平坦な底面を有する素材を該底面に若干加重が加わる様に載置して、該素材を任意の方向に移動させることにより上記微小体を上記基板から剥離させることを含む、
上記(20)記載の方法。
(25)上記中空微小体上に滴下する液体が、純水、あるいは純水に牛血清、抗体、牛血清アルブミン(bovine serum albumin (BSA))を含むタンパク質、合成DNA、クエン酸塩、リン酸塩、および硫酸ドデシルナトリウム(sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS))もしくはタンニン酸(tannic acid)を含む界面活性剤を加えたものである、上記(24)記載の方法。
(26)上記基板が、シリコン基板、ガラス基板、アルミ基板、またはプラスチック基板である、上記(19)~(25)のいずれか一項記載の方法。
(27)内表面に特異的に特定のターゲット生体物質と結合する物質が修飾された超常磁性の特性を有する中空微小体を用いて、
上記中空微小体とターゲット生体物質を含む溶液とを混合する工程、および
上記中空微小体の内表面に修飾したターゲット生体物質と結合する物質と結合したターゲット生体物質を外磁場によって誘引して磁力によって回収する工程を含む、生体物質回収法。
(28)上記生体物質が細胞である、上記(27)記載の方法。
(29)上記回収する工程の後に、
ターゲット生体物質との結合物質を分解して該ターゲット生体物質を回収する工程を含む上記(27)または(28)記載の方法。
(30)上記ターゲット生体物質との結合物質としてDNAアプタマーを用い、かつ、分解する工程にDNA分解酵素を用いる、上記(29)記載の方法。
(31)上記回収する工程の後に、
中空微小体を分解する工程を含む、上記(27)記載の方法。
(32)上記中空微小体が、上記(12)~(18)のいずれか一項記載の中空微小体である、上記(27)~(31)のいずれか一項記載の方法。
(33)上記中空微小体のサイズを調整することによって、ターゲット生体物質のサイズ分画を可能とした、上記(27)~(32)のいずれか一項記載の方法。
本発明は、1つの実施形態において、遷移金属、金属または半導体の1以上の薄膜の層を含む層状構造を備え、該層状構造によって規定された内部空間および開口部を有する、中空状の微小体を提供する。
本発明は、一つの実施形態において、有機物で構成された微小構造物を鋳型として、遷移金属、金属または半導体の少なくとも1つ以上の層を上記鋳型に薄膜層状に堆積させる工程を含む、中空微小体の作製方法を提供する。
所定の直径を有する有機物鋳型、適量の純水、および有機物鋳型間の静電反発力を抑制するための材料を含む有機物鋳型懸濁液を基板の一面に滴下して、上記基板上に上記有機物鋳型を所定の密度に分布させる工程、
上記基板上に吸着していない過剰量の上記有機物鋳型を洗浄除去する工程、
上記基板上に分布された上記有機物鋳型を乾燥させる工程、
上記有機物鋳型の切削処理を行い、上記基板上に配置された上記有機物鋳型の間隙を所定の間隔に調整する工程、
上記基板上に分布された上記有機物鋳型に、遷移金属、金属または半導体の薄膜の層を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程、
遷移金属、金属または半導体の層を少なくとも1層堆積させた上記有機物鋳型を分解除去し、残存した中空微小体を得る工程、
を含む、遷移金属、金属または半導体で構成された中空微小体の製作方法が提供される。
(1)原子番号43番を除く79番までの遷移金属、
(2)原子番号13,31,32,33,49,50,51,81,82,83番の金属、および
(3)原子番号14,34,52番の半導体
である。
上記中空微小体上に、微量の液体を滴下し、
上記基板の他面に超音波を作用させながら、上記中空微小体が固定された上記一面側に平坦な底面を有する素材を上記底面に若干加重が加わる様に載置して、上記素材を任意の方向に移動させることにより上記微小体を上記基板から剥離させることを行ってもよい。
Claims (33)
- 外殻を形成し、遷移金属、金属または半導体の1以上の薄膜の層を含む層状構造、ならびに該層状構造によって規定された内部空間および開口部を備える、中空状の微小体であって、
前記層状構造が、
2以上の薄膜の層と、
前記2以上の薄膜の層間の界面に二次元的に分散埋没されて配置された微粒子と、
を含み、
前記微粒子が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に微小なサイズの常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質または量子ドットで構成され、前記薄膜層の物質とは異なるものである、微小体。 - 外殻を形成し、遷移金属、金属または半導体の1以上の薄膜の層を含む層状構造、ならびに該層状構造によって規定された内部空間および開口部を備える、中空状の微小体であって、
前記層状構造が、
2以上の薄膜の層を含み、
少なくともそれらの層の中の一層が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されている、微小体。 - 外殻を形成し、遷移金属、金属または半導体の1以上の薄膜の層を含む層状構造、ならびに該層状構造によって規定された内部空間および開口部を備える、中空状の微小体であって、
前記層状構造が、
3以上の薄膜の層を含み、
少なくともそれらの層の中の2層以上が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されており、それを隔てる層が隔てられた磁性体層の間で強磁性を発生させることができない程度の距離を隔てる厚さを有する絶縁体から構成されている、微小体。 - 前記遷移金属、金属または半導体が、周期律表で原子番号43番を除く79番までの遷移金属、原子番号13,31,32,33,49,50,51,81,82,もしくは83番の金属、または原子番号14,34,もしくは52番の半導体のいずれかである、請求項1、2または3記載の微小体。
- 前記常温で強磁性を示す物質が、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、およびガドリニウムからなる群から選択され、
前記常温でフェリ磁性を示す物質が、FeO・Fe2O3、MnO・Fe2O3、NiO・Fe2O3、CoO・Fe2O3、鉄ガーネット(ザクロ石)M3・Fe5O12(MはFe、Y、Mnなどの元素)、およびイットリウム鉄ガーネット(YIG)Y3・Fe5O12からなる群から選択される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の微小体。 - (i)前記層状構造の最外層の物質が金であり、その膜厚が2nm以上である、または
(ii)前記層状構造の最内層の物質が金であり、その膜厚が2nm以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項記載の微小体。 - (i)常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を持たない絶縁体を隔てる層の厚さが10nm以上である、または
(ii)常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を持たない絶縁体を隔てる層として絶縁体物質または金属酸化物を用いたことを特徴とした、請求項3記載の微小体。 - 前記微粒子の層の厚さとして5nm以下の膜厚としたことを特徴とする請求項2または3記載の微小体。
- 前記量子ドットが、CdS、CdSe、CdTe、CdHgTe、およびHgTeからなる群から選択される、請求項1記載の微小体。
- 前記層状構造が、2以上の前記薄膜の層を含み、
最外層の薄膜層の物質が、所定の液体によって溶解する性質を有し、
内側の薄膜層の物質が、前記液体によって溶解しない性質を有する、請求項1、2または3記載の微小体。 - 前記最外層の薄膜層の物質が金属であり、前記内側の薄膜層の物質が誘電体物質または半導体物質である、請求項10記載の微小体。
- 前記層状構造の前記内部空間に面した表面に、その一端が固定された高分子をさらに含む、請求項1、2または3記載の微小体。
- 前記層状構造の最内層の物質と最外層の物質とが異なっており、前記最内層の物質が、前記高分子の一端が付加されることに適した物質であり、前記最外層の物質が、前記高分子の一端が付加されにくい物質である、請求項12記載の微小体。
- 前記最内層の物質が金、銀、シリコン、酸化シリコンのいずれかであり、前記最外層の物質が鉄、銅、ゲルマニウム、アルミニウム、クロム、スズ、チタン、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト、ガドリニウムのいずれかである、請求項12または13記載の微小体。
- 前記高分子が、溶液のイオン強度および/もしくはpHの変化、電場の印加、磁場の印加、または光照射によって構造が変化する高分子である、請求項12~14のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
- 前記高分子が、DNA鎖またはセルロースポリマー、またはこれらを電場の印加、磁場の印加、もしくは光照射により構造変化する分子で連結したものである、請求項12~15のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
- 前記高分子が、核酸分子もしくは分子鎖、核酸誘導体分子もしくは分子鎖、抗体等のタンパク質分子鎖、または細胞表面等への結合性を有する高分子鎖等である、請求項12~15のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
- 前記高分子の他端が、別の微小体または基板表面に固定されている、請求項12~15のいずれか一項記載の微小体。
- 有機物で構成された微小構造物を鋳型として、遷移金属、金属または半導体の少なくとも1つ以上の層を前記鋳型に薄膜層状に堆積させて層状構造を形成する工程を含む、中空微小体の作製方法であって、
(i)前記遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程の後に、該堆積させた層の表面に微粒子を分散して結合させる工程と、その工程の後に、再び遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程とをさらに含み、それによって、前記微粒子が、前記第1層の堆積物質と、前記第2層の堆積物質との間に作られる界面にサンドイッチ状に2次元に分散埋没され、
前記微粒子が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に微小なサイズの常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質または量子ドットで構成され、前記薄膜層の物質とは異なるものである、
または
(ii)前記層状構造が、2以上の薄膜の層を含み、少なくともそれらの層の中の一層が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されている、
または
(iii)前記層状構造が、3以上の薄膜の層を含み、少なくともそれらの層の中の2層以上が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されており、それを隔てる層が絶縁体で構成されている、方法。 - 所定の直径を有する有機物鋳型、適量の純水、および有機物鋳型間の静電反発力を抑制するための材料を含む有機物鋳型懸濁液を基板の一面に滴下して、前記基板上に前記有機物鋳型を所定の密度に分布させる工程、
前記基板上に吸着していない過剰量の前記有機物鋳型を洗浄除去する工程、
前記基板上に分布された前記有機物鋳型を乾燥させる工程、
前記有機物鋳型の切削処理を行い、前記基板上に配置された前記有機物鋳型の間隙を所定の間隔に調整する工程、
前記基板上に分布された前記有機物鋳型に、遷移金属、金属または半導体の薄膜の層を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程、
遷移金属、金属または半導体の層を少なくとも1層堆積させた前記有機物鋳型を分解除去し、残存した中空微小体を得る工程、
を含む、遷移金属、金属または半導体で構成された中空微小体の製作方法であって、
(i)前記遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程の後に、該堆積させた層の表面に微粒子を分散して結合させる工程と、その工程の後に、再び遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程とをさらに含み、それによって、前記微粒子が、前記第1層の堆積物質と、前記第2層の堆積物質との間に作られる界面にサンドイッチ状に2次元に分散埋没され、
前記微粒子が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に微小なサイズの常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質で構成され、前記薄膜層の物質とは異なるものである、
または
(ii)前記薄膜の層が、2以上の薄膜の層を含み、少なくともそれらの層の中の一層が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されている、
または
(iii)前記層状構造が、3以上の薄膜の層を含み、少なくともそれらの層の中の2層以上が、磁区構造を維持できない程度に薄い構造を有する常温にて強磁性またはフェリ磁性を示す物質から構成されており、それを隔てる層が絶縁体で構成されている、方法。 - 前記有機物鋳型の切削処理法が、プラズマエッチング処理、イオンミリング処理、収束イオンビーム処理、レジスト処理のいずれかである、請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記基板上に分布された前記有機物鋳型に遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層堆積させる工程が、抵抗加熱式真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法、化学気相成長法のいずれかによって行われる、請求項20記載の方法。
- 遷移金属、金属または半導体を少なくとも1層蒸着させた前記有機物鋳型を分解除去する工程が、紫外線-オゾン法、プラズマ分解法、光触媒分解法、加熱焼却法のいずれかによって行われる、請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記中空微小体を得る工程がさらに、
前記中空微小体上に、微量の液体を滴下し、
前記基板の他面に超音波を作用させながら、前記中空微小体が固定された前記一面側に平坦な底面を有する素材を該底面に若干加重が加わる様に載置して、該素材を任意の方向に移動させることにより前記微小体を前記基板から剥離させることを含む、
請求項20記載の方法。 - 前記中空微小体上に滴下する液体が、純水、あるいは純水に牛血清、抗体、牛血清アルブミン(bovine serum albumin (BSA))を含むタンパク質、合成DNA、クエン酸塩、リン酸塩、および硫酸ドデシルナトリウム(sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS))もしくはタンニン酸(tannic acid)を含む界面活性剤を加えたものである、請求項24記載の方法。
- 前記基板が、シリコン基板、ガラス基板、アルミ基板、またはプラスチック基板である、請求項19~25のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 内表面に特異的に特定のターゲット生体物質と結合する物質が修飾された超常磁性の特性を有する中空微小体を用いて、
前記中空微小体とターゲット生体物質を含む溶液とを混合する工程、および
前記中空微小体の内表面に修飾したターゲット生体物質と結合する物質と結合したターゲット生体物質を外磁場によって誘引して磁力によって回収する工程を含む、生体物質回収法。 - 前記生体物質が細胞である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記回収する工程の後に、
ターゲット生体物質との結合物質を分解して該ターゲット生体物質を回収する工程を含む請求項27または28記載の方法。 - 前記ターゲット生体物質との結合物質としてDNAアプタマーを用い、かつ、分解する工程にDNA分解酵素を用いる、請求項29記載の方法。
- 前記回収する工程の後に、
中空微小体を分解する工程を含む、請求項27記載の方法。 - 前記中空微小体が、請求項12~18のいずれか一項記載の中空微小体である、請求項27~31のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記中空微小体のサイズを調整することによって、ターゲット生体物質のサイズ分画を可能とした、請求項27~32のいずれか一項記載の方法。
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