WO2013060204A1 - 浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统 - Google Patents

浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013060204A1
WO2013060204A1 PCT/CN2012/081305 CN2012081305W WO2013060204A1 WO 2013060204 A1 WO2013060204 A1 WO 2013060204A1 CN 2012081305 W CN2012081305 W CN 2012081305W WO 2013060204 A1 WO2013060204 A1 WO 2013060204A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rack
floating body
steel rope
flywheel
fixed pulley
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/081305
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周剑辉
周鼎铭
Original Assignee
Zhou Jianhui
Zhou Dingming
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhou Jianhui, Zhou Dingming filed Critical Zhou Jianhui
Publication of WO2013060204A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013060204A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for generating electricity using the energy of ocean waves. Background technique
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a floating body steel rope and a rack flywheel group wave power generation system which are reasonable in structure and can effectively utilize sea wave energy.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: It comprises a floating body, a steel rope, a fixed pulley block, a control tower, a rack flywheel set, a generator; the rack flywheel set comprises a rack bar member and a gear shaft flywheel set,
  • the gear shaft flywheel assembly includes a gear shaft or a flywheel that meshes with the rack member, and the bottom of the floating body is connected to one end of the first steel rope, and the first steel rope is redirected by a fixed pulley group to guide the action of the ocean wave on the floating body.
  • the force is transformed into the pulling force of the floating body on the steel rope.
  • the tension of the steel rope pulls the rack member to move up and down linearly.
  • the up and down linear motion of the rack member is converted into the rotary motion of the shaft through the gear shaft flywheel group, which drives the rotary power generation.
  • the machine generates electricity, and the gear shaft flywheel set and the generator are mounted on the control tower.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, full utilization of the energy of the sea wave for power generation, high power generation efficiency, good work stability, easy operation control of the equipment, and easy damage of the equipment. Since the initial guiding of the steel rope is downward, and the connection between the steel rope and the floating body allows the floating body to change in multiple directions and multiple angles, and the force of the wave on the floating body is complicated and variable, the upward combined force will be formed, so the conversion efficiency High, stable structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the entire structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the A-A of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of B-B of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a gear shaft flywheel assembly of a double-sided rack flywheel assembly.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the rack member and the load.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a floating body.
  • Figure 7 is a top plan view of Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic left side view of Figure 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a gear shaft flywheel assembly of another single-sided rack flywheel assembly.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 9;
  • the present invention includes a floating body 1, a steel rope, a fixed pulley block, a control tower 8, a rack flywheel set, and a generator;
  • the rack flywheel set includes a rack bar member and a gear shaft flywheel set.
  • the rack flywheel assembly may be formed as a single-sided rack flywheel set or a double-sided rack flywheel set, the gear shaft flywheel set including a gear shaft or a flywheel meshing with the rack bar member, the teeth
  • the bar member includes a rack 13 and a rack substrate 12 for fixing the rack;
  • the fixed pulley set includes a first fixed pulley 3, a second fixed pulley 4, a third fixed pulley 5 and a fourth fixed pulley 26;
  • the steel cord includes a first steel cord 2, a second steel cord 10, and a third steel cord 25.
  • the lower side of the floating body 1 described in the specification is connected to one end of the first steel cord 2, and the first steel rope 2 is sequentially redirected by the first fixed pulley 3, the second fixed pulley 4, the fourth fixed pulley 26 and the third fixed pulley 5.
  • the rotary motion drives the rotary generator to generate electricity, and the gear shaft flywheel group and the generator are mounted on the control tower.
  • the invention can determine the maximum force of the system by controlling the working direction of the floating body and the effective displacement amount, and adjusting the height of the third fixed pulley can adapt to the tide rising and falling tide, and adjusting the overall weight of the control rack bar member can adapt to the wave and the small wave. Variety.
  • the floating body is a component of the power generation system of the present invention that receives the energy of the wave.
  • the floating body is made of a truss member made according to a mechanical principle, and is combined with a skeleton by a light drainage material such as a plastic foam to form a solid or semi-solid floating body. It is coated with engineering plastics such as FRP or seawater corrosion resistant to the outside of the skeleton to protect it.
  • the floating body may be of any shape, but is of a long strip shape with a V-shaped cross section. In the floating body 1 of one embodiment shown in Figs. 6-8, only the lower half of the floating body 1 is filled with a light drainage material.
  • a second steel cord 10 is connected at both ends of the long shaft of the floating body to control the working direction of the floating body, and the bottom of the floating body is provided with a first steel cord interface, which is a gathering point of the inner rib cage of the floating body, and the point is allowed. It is subjected to a concentrated pull-down force, and the joint is in a trumpet shape.
  • the connection between the floating body and the first steel rope allows the floating body to be multi-directional, and the angle is arbitrarily changed.
  • the upper part of the floating body is provided with a water injection tank 22, and a water injection port is arranged above the water injection tank. There are drains that can be opened and closed.
  • the steel rope is the main component for transmitting tensile force in the system; as shown in FIG. 1, in the embodiment shown in the drawings of the present invention, three steel ropes are respectively provided, which are respectively the first steel rope 2, Two steel ropes 10 and a third steel rope 25, one end of the first steel rope 2 is connected to the floating body, and sequentially passes through the first fixed pulley 3, the second fixed pulley 4, the fourth fixed pulley 26 and the third fixed pulley 5 The other end is connected to the top end of the rack member; the second steel cord 10 has two ends connected to the two ends of the floating body, and the middle portion of the steel rope bypasses the control runner 11; the third steel cord 25 is used for control The lifting of the third fixed pulley 5 is connected between the lifting pulleys that control the upper portion of the lifting hoist and the third fixed pulley frame.
  • the first steel cord 2 may be one or more, the fixed pulley set includes four fixed pulleys, and one or more slide rails are respectively disposed on the corresponding four fixed pulleys, and each of the first steel ropes corresponds to A slide is regarded as a work; it is designed to enhance the tensile strength of the steel rope, and to increase the diameter of the pulley by increasing the diameter of the rope, and multiple steel ropes can be provided.
  • One end of the first steel rope is connected to the lower interface of the floating body, and the other end is bypassed by the first fixed pulley, so that the first steel rope is changed from the downward extending direction to the backward and upward direction.
  • the specification is further changed by the second fixed pulley, the third fixed pulley and the fourth fixed pulley, and the first steel rope is finally connected with the upper end of the rack member, and the vertical projection of the first steel rope on the horizontal surface is a straight line, the floating body
  • the end is the front direction of the system
  • the end of the rack member is the rear direction of the system.
  • the first steel cord 2 end is connected to the lower interface of the floating body 1, and the other end is wound around the first fixed pulley 3 anchored under the floating body 1, so that the first steel rope 2 changes from the downward extending direction to the upward direction.
  • Extending in the rear direction, and then being redirected by the second fixed pulley 4, the fourth fixed pulley, and the third fixed pulley 5, and finally guided to the upper end of the rack member, the whole process of the first steel rope 2 is
  • the vertical projection on the horizontal plane is a straight line, which ensures that the tension of the steel rope is transmitted optimally.
  • the floating body end is referred to as the front end of the system of the present invention
  • the rack bar end is referred to as the rear end of the system of the present invention.
  • the fixed pulley block mainly serves to guide the first steel cord 2 in the system of the present invention, and changes the pulling direction of the first steel cord 2, in the pulley block described in an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
  • the first fixed pulley 3 is anchored under the floating body 1, the second fixed pulley 4 and The fourth fixed pulley 26 is fixedly disposed in front of and below the control tower 8, and guides the first steel rope 2 to extend downward and backward, and then rotates through the fourth fixed pulley to extend vertically upward, and the first steel rope passes through
  • the tower 8 is controlled to enter the control chamber, and the third fixed pulley 5 is disposed on the upper portion of the control tower 8 above the rack member.
  • the anchor positions of the four fixed pulleys are on the same vertical plane.
  • the first pulley 3 is made of an all-steel structure to form an anchoring frame 24 of the pulley, and the anchoring frame 24 is fixed underwater to meet the demand for force, and can be hoisted and maintained periodically.
  • the fixed pulley 5 is fixedly placed at the upper end of the control tower, and it is not necessary to use the control hoist at this time.
  • the first pulley 3 is made of steel rope tendons to make the anchor frame 24 of the pulley, and the anchor frame 24 is prefabricated by the reinforced concrete pile to anchor to the sea bottom, and the third fixed pulley 5 is controlled to be height-adjusted.
  • the pulley, the third fixed pulley 5 is installed in the pulley frame of the control tower 8, and the second guide wheel 34 is disposed outside the pulley frame to cooperate with the second guide rail 35 vertically defined on the upper part of the control tower, and the lifting is connected at the top of the pulley frame.
  • the top of the control tower of the pulley block 37 is equipped with a control lifting hoist 7, and the third steel rope 25, the connection control lifting hoist 7 and the lifting pulley block are used to control the raising and lowering of the third pulley, so that the system of the invention adapts to the tidal height change. .
  • the control lifting hoist 7 is firmly placed at the top of the control tower 8, and the third fixed pulley 5 and its pulley frame are used as lifting objects, and the lifting hoist 7 is controlled to pass through the third steel rope 25 and the lifting pulley block and the third fixed pulley. 5 pulley frame connection.
  • the rack bar member is a power transmission conversion member of the system of the present invention, which is a part of a rack pulley group, and the rack bar member is a long rod-shaped force rod member which is vertically disposed on the control tower.
  • the top end of the rack bar is provided with a steel connecting rod 17 connecting the first steel rope 2, and the middle portion is mounted with a rack 13 having a length longer than the maximum lifting stroke of the first steel rope 2 designed by the system of the present invention.
  • the rack bar member can be installed on one side and on both sides, and the lower end of the rack bar member is provided with a load carrier 18 for loading heavy objects; as shown in FIG. 3, the load carrier
  • the first guide wheel 27 is arranged on the four sides of the 18 to cooperate with the first guide rail 28 disposed vertically below the control tower, so that the rack bar member can perform precise upper and lower linear motion along the first guide rail 28, and the load carrier 18 is arranged.
  • the storage tank (that is, load 19) made of seawater resistant FRP or other new materials.
  • the storage tank is provided with a controllable water inlet 20 and a water outlet 21, and the upper part of the rack rod passes through the power generating platform 9
  • the reserved center hole allows the rack on the rack member to mesh with the gear shaft or the flywheel.
  • the gear shaft flywheel assembly is a power conversion component of the system of the present invention and is a component of the rack flywheel assembly.
  • the specific structure can be in various forms: as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the double-sided rack flywheel assembly, It is fixedly disposed on the power generation platform 9, and the flywheel (gear) 14 functions to convert the up and down linear motion of the rack member into a one-way rotational motion of the flywheel shaft, and install at least two or more on a drive shaft.
  • the flywheel 14 (overrunning clutch) of the same specification is divided into two groups, the flywheel performs work (overrunning) direction, and the outer ring of the flywheel is made into a gear with the same number of racks on the rack member, with the corresponding on the rack member
  • the two-sided racks simultaneously drive different sets of flywheels.
  • the rack member rises one rack drives one set of flywheels to work, and the other rack simultaneously drives the other set of flywheels to reverse idling.
  • the rack rods fall, the opposite is true, and the previous set of flywheels reversely idling,
  • the previously idle set of flywheels performs work.
  • the rack members are continuously moving up and down, the drive shaft continuously outputs power continuously.
  • the single-sided rack flywheel assembly as shown in Figures 9 and 10, the single-sided rack 13 on the rack member meshes with a gear 36 in the middle of a gear shaft, and both ends of the gear shaft are equipped with large gears at the same time. It is meshed with the pinion gears at the two ends of the two secondary shafts.
  • the middle section of the secondary shaft is equipped with a flywheel of uniform specification.
  • the flywheels on different axes are installed one by one in groups. It can be equipped with multiple sets and the outer ring of the same group.
  • Mutual meshing, the flywheel's work (override) direction is the same on the same axis, and the flywheel on the two axes is in the opposite direction.
  • the gear member moves up and down, the outer ring of the flywheel on either of the two secondary shafts will output a rotary motion.
  • the function of the rack flywheel group can also be replaced by other equipment such as linear generators, reciprocating pumps and the like.
  • the control tower is the bearing foundation of the components of the whole system of the invention, which connects the components into one body, provides the bearing space orientation and the bearing stress for each component, and controls the tower structure form according to different models of the system of the invention. Forced requirements, designed according to the mechanics principle, to meet the space needs of the various components of the system The specification sums the force demand as its main function.
  • the control tower is built in the shallow sea area, the control tower is set at a height of about 5 meters above the highest tide water level to set up the power generation platform 9, and the power generation platform 9 is used to install the gear shaft flywheel group and the generator.
  • the control tower is a vertical hollow square shape, the upper portion is provided with a second guide rail 35 for lifting and lowering the third fixed pulley, and the lower portion is provided with a first guide wheel on the carrier of the rack member 27 mating first rail 28.
  • the working principle of the system of the invention is as follows: the floating body receives the force of the sea wave, and the tension of the first steel rope is concentrated by the truss rods of the floating body, the first steel rope is connected under the floating body, and the connection of the first steel rope and the floating body allows the floating body Any change in multiple directions and multiple angles, the force of the waves on the floating body will form an upward force in any case, and the initial guidance of the first steel rope is downward, so the force of the wave received by the floating body in any direction All will be converted into the tension of the first steel rope. Under the action of the wave peak, the floating body pulls the first steel rope, guides and changes direction through the first, second, fourth and third fixed pulleys, and finally pulls the teeth.
  • the rod member moves linearly upwards, works on the gear shaft flywheel unit generator, and increases the energy storage of the rack rod member together with the load; when the wave peak turns into a wave valley, the pulling force of the floating body on the first steel rope decreases or Disappear, the rack bar and the load fall, work on the gear shaft flywheel set, and pull back the first steel rope, pull the floating body to reset, so that the reciprocating motion of the wave is converted into The ordered linear motion of the rack member is then converted into a rotary motion by the gear shaft flywheel assembly to drive the generator to generate electricity, completing the collection, transmission and conversion of the wave energy.
  • Control of the operation of the present invention By monitoring the change of the working position of the rack member by using the sensor, the position of the third fixed pulley can be raised and lowered by using the control lifting hoist at the top of the control tower, and the height of the third fixed pulley can be changed.
  • the system of the present invention is adapted to changes in the ebb and flow, maintaining the rack member in a suitable working position. Increase or decrease the weight of the load (the amount of seawater), you can change the overall weight of the rack bar, change the work torque, adapt to the changes of small waves and small waves, and control the second steel rope through the runner set up at the front end of the power generation platform.
  • the working direction of the floating body is such that the long axis of the floating body is perpendicular to the anchoring direction of the ocean wave, which is beneficial to the absorption of the wave energy.
  • the working direction, size and shape of the floating body determine the maximum force of the components of the system of the present invention, and in extreme sea conditions (such as large Typhoon, big storm) can close the drain of the floating body injection tank 22, the large waves, the rain will be automatically injected into the injection tank, increase the weight of the floating body, reduce the pulling force of the floating body on the first steel rope, and the large waves that can be accepted by the floating body will flow over the floating body. Not accepted, and when the sea conditions return to normal, just open the drain, the water in the water injection tank will be automatically discharged into the water tank, discharged into the sea, and the float will return to the positive Explain that the book is always working.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

一种浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组（6）海浪发电系统，包括浮体（1）、钢绳、定滑轮组、控制塔架（8）、齿条飞轮组（6）、发电机（30）。齿条飞轮组（6）包括齿条杆件和齿轮轴飞轮组，齿轮轴飞轮组包括与齿条杆件相啮合齿轮轴或飞轮（14）。浮体下方与第一钢绳（2）的一端连接，第一钢绳（2）通过定滑轮组变向，导引，将海浪对浮体的作用力转化为浮体（1）对钢绳的拉力，通过钢绳的拉力拉动齿条杆件做上下直线运动，通过齿轮轴飞轮组将齿条杆件的上下直线运动转化为轴的旋转运动，带动旋转式发电机（30）发电，齿轮轴飞轮组和发电机（30）安装在控制塔架（8）上。该浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组（6）海浪发电系统的结构合理，能有效利用海浪能量。

Description

说 明 书 浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用海浪的能量进行发电的系统。 背景技术
目前为止， 人类发明的利用海浪的能量发电的装置和技术有很多， 其中利 用浮体接受海浪能量的设计， 它们都是采用浮体上方或侧面连接杆件， 利用浮 体推动杆件， 再利用杆件推动机械装置做功。 在这些设计中， 由于浮体与杆件 的连接为硬连接， 杆件有方向属性， 所以无法将海浪对浮体所有方向的作用力 转化成可利用的能量， 以至于转化效率低， 且部分无法转化的作用力直接形成 对浮体及附属设备枸件的破坏力， 故这些设计方案中的结构装置容易损坏， 工 作不稳定， 运转控制难， 转化效率低。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构合理， 能有效利用海浪能量的浮体钢绳与 齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统。
本发明的技术方案如下： 它包括浮体、 钢绳、 定滑轮组、 控制塔架、 齿条 飞轮组、 发电机； 所述的齿条飞轮组包括齿条杆件和齿轮轴飞轮组， 所述的齿 轮轴飞轮组包括与齿条杆件相啮合齿轮轴或飞轮， 所述的浮体下方与第一钢绳 的一端连接， 第一钢绳通过定滑轮组变向， 导引， 将海浪对浮体的作用力转化 为浮体对钢绳的拉力， 通过钢绳的拉力拉动齿条杆件做上下直线运动， 通过齿 轮轴飞轮组将齿条杆件的上下直线运动转化为轴的旋转运动， 带动旋转式发电 机发电， 所述的齿轮轴飞轮组和发电机安装在控制塔架上。
本发明具有结构简单、 能充分利用海浪的能量进行发电， 发电效率高、 工 作稳定性好， 设备运转控制容易， 且设备使用不易损坏的优点。 由于钢绳的最 初导向为向下方向， 且钢绳与浮体的连接允许浮体多方向、 多角度变化， 而海 浪对浮体的作用力无论如何复杂多变， 都将形成向上的合力， 所以转化效率高， 结构稳定。 说 明 书
附图说明
图 1是本发明一种实施例的整体结构示意图。
图 2是图 1的 A-A剖视结构示意图。
图 3是图 2的 B-B剖视结构示意图。
图 4是一种双面齿条飞轮组的齿轮轴飞轮组的结构示意图。
图 5是齿条杆件及负载物的结构示意图。
图 6—种浮体的内部结构示意图。
图 7是图 6的俯视结构示意图。
图 8是图 7的左视结构示意图。
图 9是另一种单面齿条飞轮组的齿轮轴飞轮组的结构示意图。
图 10是图 9的 C-C剖视图。
标号说明：
1浮体、 2第一钢绳、 3第一定滑轮、 4第二定滑轮、 5第三定滑轮、 6齿条 飞轮组、 7控制升降卷扬机、 8控制塔架、 9发电平台、 10第二钢绳、 11控制转 轮、 12齿条基板、 13齿条、 14飞轮、 15主动轴、 16齿条基板连接杆、 17钢绳 连接杆、 18负载物承载架、 19负载物、 20进水口、 21出水口、 22注水舱、 23 海底、 24锚固架、 25第三钢绳、 26第四定滑轮、 27第一导轮、 28第一导轨、 29控制塔架水平连杆、 30发电机、 31轴承、 32基座板、 33离合器、 34第二导 轮、 35第二导轨、 36齿轮、 37起重滑轮组。 具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图和实施例对本发明内容进行详细说明：
如图 1-10所示， 本发明包括浮体 1、 钢绳、 定滑轮组、 控制塔架 8、 齿条 飞轮组、 发电机； 所述的齿条飞轮组包括齿条杆件和齿轮轴飞轮组； 所述的齿 条飞轮组可做成单面齿条飞轮组或双面齿条飞轮组，所述的齿轮轴飞轮组包括 与齿条杆件相啮合的齿轮轴或飞轮， 所述的齿条杆件包括齿条 13和固定齿条用 的齿条基板 12; 所述的定滑轮组包括第一定滑轮 3、第二定滑轮 4、第三定滑轮 5和第四定滑轮 26; 所述钢绳包括第一钢绳 2、 第二钢绳 10和第三钢绳 25。 所 说 明 书 述的浮体 1下方与第一钢绳 2的一端连接， 第一钢绳 2依序通过第一定滑轮 3、 第二定滑轮 4、 第四定滑轮 26和第三定滑轮 5变向， 导引， 将海浪对浮体的作 用力转化为对钢绳的拉力， 通过钢绳拉动齿条杆件做的下直线运动， 通过齿轮 轴飞轮组将齿条杆件的上下直线运动转化为轴的旋转运动， 带动旋转式发电机 发电， 所述的齿轮轴飞轮组和发电机等安装在控制塔架上。
本发明可通过控制浮体的工作方向和有效排水量决定系统的最大受力， 调 整控制第三定滑轮的高度可以适应潮涨潮落， 调整控制齿条杆件的整体重量可 以适应浪大、 浪小的变化。
所述的浮体为本发明的发电系统接受海浪能量的部件， 浮体以依据力学原 理制作的桁架杆件为骨架， 用轻质排水材料， 如塑料泡沫填充与骨架结合， 构 成实心或半实心的浮体， 在骨架外以玻璃钢或耐海水腐蚀的工程塑料包覆， 起 到保护的作用。 浮体可以是任意形状， 但以长条型， 截面呈 V形为佳， 在图 6-8 所示的一种实施例的浮体 1中， 仅在浮体 1的下半部分填充有轻质排水材料， 而在上半部分的浮体 1 中仅有起加强作用的桁架杆件， 这种结构有利于延长浮 体的使用寿命， 加强浮体的牢固性。 在所述的浮体长轴两端连接有第二钢绳 10 用以控制浮体工作方向， 浮体底部设有连接第一钢绳接口， 该接口为浮体内部 受力桁架架的集力点， 允许该点承受集中的向下拉力， 接头处呈下喇叭形， 浮 体与第一钢绳的连接允许浮体多方向， 多角度任意变化， 浮体上部设有注水舱 22， 注水舱上方设有注水口， 下方设有可开启、 关闭的排水口。
所述的钢绳， 为系统中的主要传递拉力的部件； 如图 1 所示， 在本发明附 图所示的实施例中， 共设有三条钢绳， 分别为第一钢绳 2、 第二钢绳 10和第三 钢绳 25， 所述的第一钢绳 2的一端连接浮体， 依序通过第一定滑轮 3、 第二定 滑轮 4、 第四定滑轮 26和第三定滑轮 5后其另一端与齿条杆件顶端连接； 所述 的第二钢绳 10有两端与浮体两端连接，钢绳中部绕过控制转轮 11 ;所述的第三 钢绳 25用于控制第三定滑轮 5的升降， 其连接在控制升降卷扬机和第三定滑轮 架上部的起重滑轮组之间。 所述的第一钢绳 2可以是一条也可以是多条， 所述 的定滑轮组包括四个定滑轮， 相应四个定滑轮上均设一个或多个滑道， 每条第 一钢绳对应一个滑道， 视为一条工作； 旨在增强钢绳抗拉强度， 又免因增加绳 径而加大定滑轮轮径， 可以设多条钢绳。 第一钢绳一端连接于浮体下方接口， 另一端绕过第一定滑轮， 使第一钢绳由向下延伸方向变为向后、 向上方向延伸， 说 明 书 再通过第二定滑轮、 第三定滑轮、 第四定滑轮变向， 导引第一钢绳最终与齿条 杆件上端连接， 第一钢绳在水平面上的垂直投影为一直线， 浮体端为系统前方 向， 齿条杆件端为系统后方向。
所述的第一钢绳 2—端连接于浮体 1下方接口，另一端穿绕过锚固于浮体 1 下方的第一定滑轮 3， 使第一钢绳 2由向下延伸方向变为向上、 向后方向延伸， 再通过第二定滑轮 4、第四定滑轮、第三定滑轮 5变向、导引最终与所述的齿条 杆件上端连接， 所述的第一钢绳 2 的全程在水平面上的垂直投影为一直线， 这 样可确保钢绳所受拉力的传递效果最佳。 为了便于本发明系统前后位置的描述， 将浮体端称为本发明系统的前端， 将齿条杆件端称之为本发明系统的后端。
所述的定滑轮组在本发明系统中主要起导引第一钢绳 2，改变第一钢绳 2拉 力方向的作用， 在图 1所示的本发明的一种实施例中所述的滑轮组中共有四个 定滑轮， 称之为第一定滑轮 3、 第二定滑轮 4、 第三定滑轮 5和第四定滑轮 26， 第一定滑轮 3锚固于浮体 1下方， 第二定滑轮 4和第四定滑轮 26固定安置于控 制塔架 8前下方， 导引第一钢绳 2由向下、 向后延伸， 再经第四定滑轮转为垂 直向上延伸， 并使第一钢绳穿过控制塔架 8横杆， 进入控制塔架中腔； 第三定 滑轮 5安置于齿条杆件上方的控制塔架 8上部， 四个定滑轮的锚固位置处于同 一垂直平面上。
当本发明系统应用于海上浮动平台时， 第一定滑轮 3 以全钢结构制作滑轮 的锚固架 24， 锚固架 24伸入水下固定， 满足受力需求， 并可定期吊起维护， 第 三定滑轮 5固定安置于控制塔架上端， 此时无需使用控制卷扬机。
当本发明系统建设于浅海区时， 第一定滑轮 3 以钢绳筋砼制作滑轮的锚固 架 24，锚固架 24以钢筋砼预制桩式锚固于海底，第三定滑轮 5为可控高度定滑 轮， 第三定滑轮 5装于控制塔架 8的滑轮架中， 滑轮架外设有第二导轮 34与控 制塔架上部垂直设立的第二导轨 35配合， 在滑轮架顶端连接有起重滑轮组 37 的控制塔架顶端装有控制升降卷扬机 7， 通过第三钢绳 25、 连接控制升降卷扬 机 7和起重滑轮组来控制第三滑轮的的升高、 降低， 使本发明系统适应潮水高 低变化。
所述的控制升降卷扬机 7牢固安置于控制塔架 8顶端， 将第三定滑轮 5及 其滑轮架作为起重对象， 控制升降卷扬机 7通过第三钢绳 25及起重滑轮组与第 三定滑轮 5的滑轮架连接。 说 明 书 如图 5所示， 所述的齿条杆件是本发明系统的动力传递转换部件， 是齿条 滑轮组的一部分， 齿条杆件为一长条形受力杆件， 垂直设置于控制塔架下部中 间， 齿条杆件顶端设有连接第一钢绳 2的钢绳连接杆 17， 中间段安装齿条 13， 齿条 13长度长于本发明系统设计的第一钢绳 2的最大升降行程。 如图 4、 5所 示， 所述的齿条杆件可以单面式双面安装， 齿条杆件下端设有负载重物的负载 物承载架 18; 如图 3所示， 负载物承载架 18四边设有第一导轮 27与控制塔架 下部垂直设置的第一导轨 28配合， 使齿条杆件可沿第一导轨 28做精确的上、 下直线运动， 负载物承载架 18上设有以耐海水腐蚀的玻璃钢或其他新材料制作 的贮水舱 （也就是负载物 19)， 贮水舱设有可控的进水口 20、 出水口 21， 齿条 杆件上部穿过发电平台 9的预留中孔使齿条杆件上的齿条与齿轮轴或飞轮啮合。
所述的齿轮轴飞轮组， 是本发明系统的动力转换部件， 是齿条飞轮组的组 成部分， 具体的结构可以有多种形式： 如图 4、 5所示， 双面齿条飞轮组， 它固 定安置于发电平台 9上， 所述的飞轮 （齿轮） 14， 其功能是将齿条杆件的上下 直线运动转换为飞轮轴的单向旋转运动， 在一主动轴上安装至少两个以上同一 种规格的飞轮 14 (超越离合器）， 分成两组， 飞轮做功（超越）方向一致， 飞轮 外圈制作成与齿条杆件上的齿条同模数的齿轮， 用齿条杆件上相对的两面齿条 分别同时带动不同组的飞轮。 当齿条杆件上升时一面齿条带动一组飞轮做功， 另一面齿条同时带动另一组飞轮反向空转， 当齿条杆件下落时正好相反， 先前 做功的一组飞轮反向空转， 先前空转的一组飞轮做功， 当齿条杆件不停地做上 下运动时， 则主动轴连续不停输出动力。 再如， 单面齿条飞轮组， 如图 9、 10 所示， 齿条杆件上的单面齿条 13与一齿轮轴中部的齿轮 36相啮合， 该齿轮轴 两端装有大齿轮同时与两个二级轴两端的小齿轮啮合， 二级轴中段装有统一规 格的飞轮， 不同轴上的飞轮一对一两个成组对应安装， 可以装有多组， 同组飞 轮外圈相互啮合， 同一轴上飞轮做功 （超越） 方向一致， 二轴上的飞轮做功方 向相反， 当齿轮杆件上下运动时， 则二个二级轴上任一轴的飞轮外圈都将输出 旋转运动， 齿条飞轮组的功能也可以用其他设备， 如直线发电机， 往复式水泵 等取代。
所述的控制塔架是本发明整个系统各部件的承载基础， 它将各部件连接为 一体， 为各部件提供支座空间定向与支座应力， 控制塔架结构形式根据本发明 系统不同型号的受力要求， 依据力学原理设计， 以能满足系统各部件的空间需 说 明 书 求和受力需求为其主要功能， 当控制塔架建设于浅海区时， 控制塔架高于最高 潮水水位 5米左右设置发电平台 9， 发电平台 9用于安置齿轮轴飞轮组、发电机 及控制浮体 1 方向的转轮等； 控制塔架为垂直中空正方体形， 上部设有供第三 定滑轮升降的第二导轨 35，下部设有与齿条杆件承载架上的第一导轮 27配合的 第一导轨 28。 发电平台中间有开孔， 使齿条杆件上部穿过开孔与齿轮轴或飞轮 相交。 当系统应用于海上浮台时， 第三定滑轮高度无需可调， 也无需控制升降 的卷扬机， 则控制塔架可降低。
本发明系统的工作原理如下：浮体接受海浪的作用力，通过浮体内部桁架杆 件集中成对第一钢绳的拉力， 第一钢绳连接于浮体下方， 第一钢绳与浮体的连 接允许浮体多方向、 多角度任意变化， 海浪对浮体的作用力无论如何复杂多变， 都将形成向上的合力， 而第一钢绳的最初导向为向下方向， 所以浮体受到的海 浪任何方向的作用力都将全部转化为对第一钢绳的拉力， 在浪峰的作用下， 浮 体拉动第一钢绳， 通过第一、 第二、 第四、 第三定滑轮导引、 变向， 最终拉动 齿条杆件向上做直线运动， 对齿轮轴飞轮组发电机做功， 并使齿条杆件连同负 载物升高蓄能； 当浪峰转为浪谷时， 浮体对第一钢绳的拉力减少或消失， 齿条 杆件及负载物下落， 对齿轮轴飞轮组做功， 并回拉第一钢绳， 拉动浮体复位， 如此不断往复将海浪的无序运动转化为齿条杆件的有序直线运动， 继而通过齿 轮轴飞轮组转化为旋转运动带动发电机发电， 完成对海浪能量的收集、 传递和 转化。
本发明运转的控制： 通过用传感器监视齿条杆件的工作位置变化， 利用控 制塔架顶端的控制升降卷扬机， 可以升高、 降低第三定滑轮的位置， 通过改变 第三定滑轮的高度可以使本发明系统适应潮涨潮落的变化， 使齿条杆件保持在 合适的工作位置。 增减负载物的重量 （海水的量）， 可以改变齿条杆件的整体重 量， 改变做功力矩， 适应浪大、 浪小的变化， 通过发电平台前端设立的转轮控 制第二钢绳可以控制浮体的工作方向， 使浮体的长轴与海浪的主播方向垂直， 利于对海浪能量的吸收， 浮体的工作方向、 大小、 形状决定着本发明系统各部 件的最大受力， 极端海况时 （如大台风、 大风暴） 可关闭浮体注水舱 22的排水 口， 超大海浪， 雨水将自动注入注水舱， 增加浮体自重， 减轻浮体对第一钢绳 的拉力， 超过浮体能接受的大浪将漫过浮体， 不予接受， 而当海况恢复正常时， 只需开启排水口， 注水舱里的水将自动排出注水舱， 排入大海中， 浮体回复正 说 明 书 常工作状态。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统,其特征在于：它包括浮体（1)、 钢绳、 定滑轮组、 控制塔架 （8)、 齿条飞轮组 （6)、 发电机 （30); 所述的齿条 飞轮组 （6)包括齿条杆件和齿轮轴飞轮组， 所述的齿轮轴飞轮组包括与齿条杆 件相啮合齿轮轴或飞轮 （14)， 所述的浮体 （1) 下方与第一钢绳 （2) 的一端连 接， 第一钢绳 （2) 通过定滑轮组变向， 导引， 将海浪对浮体 （1) 的作用力转 化为浮体 （1)对钢绳的拉力， 通过钢绳拉动齿条杆件做上下直线运动， 通过齿 轮轴飞轮组将齿条杆件的上下直线运动转化为轴的旋转运动， 带动旋转式发电 机 （30) 发电， 所述的齿轮轴飞轮组和发电机 （30) 安装在控制塔架 （8) 上。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统， 其特征在 于： 所述的浮体 （1) 以桁架杆件为骨架， 用轻质排水材料填充于骨架内， 在骨 架外以玻璃钢或耐海水腐蚀的工程塑料包覆。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统， 其特征在 于：所述浮体是长条型，截面呈 V形，浮体水平长轴两端设有连接第二钢绳（10) 的接绳柱， 通过第二钢绳 （10)用以控制浮体工作方向， 浮体 （1) 底部设有连 接第一钢绳 （2) 接口， 该接口为浮体 （1) 内部受力桁架杆件的集力点， 所述 的接口处呈下喇叭形， 浮体上部设有注水舱（22)， 注水舱（22)上方有注水口， 下方有带阔门的排水口。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统， 其特征在 于： 所述的第一钢绳 （2) 是一条或多条， 所述的定滑轮组包括四个定滑轮， 相 应四个定滑轮上均设一个或多个滑道， 每条第一钢绳 （2)对应一个滑道， 视为 一条工作； 第一钢绳 （2) —端连接于浮体 （1) 下方接口， 另一端绕过第一定 滑轮（3)， 使第一钢绳 （2) 由向下延伸方向变为向后、 向上方向延伸， 再通过 第二定滑轮（4)、 第三定滑轮（5)、 第四定滑轮（26)变向， 导引第一钢绳（2) 最终与齿条杆件上端连接， 第一钢绳 （2)在水平面上的垂直投影为一直线， 浮 体 （1) 端为系统前方向， 齿条杆件端为系统后方向。
5.根据权利要求 1所述的浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统， 其特征在 于： 所述的第一定滑轮（3)锚固于浮体（1) 下方， 第二定滑轮 （4) 固定安置 于控制塔架 （8) 前下方； 导引第一钢绳 （2) 由向下、 向后延伸， 再经第四定 滑轮 （26) 转为垂直向上延伸， 并使第一钢绳 （2) 穿过控制塔架 （8) 横杆， 进入控制塔架 （8) 中腔体内， 第三定滑轮 （5) 安置于齿条杆件上方的控制塔 权 利 要 求 书 架 （8) 上部， 四个定滑轮的锚固位置处于一个垂直平面上。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统， 其特征在 于： 当所述的控制塔架 （8) 安装在浮动平台上时， 所述的第一定滑轮 （3) 的 锚固架 （24) 以全钢结构制作， 锚固架 （24) 伸入水下固定， 并可定期吊起维 护； 所述的第三定滑轮 （5) 固定安置于控制塔架 （8) 上端； 或者当所述的控 制塔架 （8) 安装在浅海区时， 第一定滑轮 （3) 锚骨架以钢筋混凝土制作， 并 以预制桩锚固于海底 （23)。
7.根据权利要求 6所述的浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统， 其特征在 于： 它还包括控制升降卷扬机 (7)， 当系统建设于浅海区时， 所述的控制卷扬机 用于控制第三定滑轮 （5) 升、 降的机构， 控制卷扬机牢固安置于控制塔架 (8) 顶端， 将第三定滑轮（5)连架作为起重对象， 所述的卷扬机停机时卷筒会紧固 锁止， 控制卷扬机通过第三钢绳 （25)及起重滑轮组 （37) 与第三定滑轮 （5) 架连接。
8.根据权利要求 1所述的浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统， 其特征在 于： 所述的齿条杆件为一长条形受力杆件， 垂直设置于控制塔架（8)下部中间， 齿条杆件顶端连接第一钢绳 （2)， 在齿条杆件上设有齿条（13)， 齿条 （13) 长 度为齿条杆件的最大工作行程， 齿条杆件下端制作成可负载重物的负载物承载 架 （18)， 负载物承载架 （18) 四边设有与控制塔架 （8) 下部设置的垂直导轨 配合的导轮， 负载物承载架 （18) 上安置以耐海水腐蚀的玻璃钢或其他新材料 制作的贮水舱作为负载物（19)， 贮水舱设有可控的进水口 （20)、 出水口 （21)， 齿条杆件上部穿过发电平台 （9) 的预留中孔齿条杆件上的齿条（13) 与齿轮轴 飞轮组相交。
9.根据权利要求 1所述的浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统， 其特征在 于： 所述的齿轮轴飞轮组固定安置于发电平台 （9)上， 所述的齿条飞轮组 （6) 为双面齿条飞轮组，在主动轴（15)上安装至少两个以上同一种规格的飞轮（14)， 分成两组， 飞轮 （14) 做功方向一致， 飞轮 （14) 外圈制作成与齿条杆件上的 齿条同模数的齿轮， 用齿条杆件上相对的两面齿条 （13) 分别同时带动不同组 的飞轮 （14)， 每一面齿条数与对应组飞轮 （14) 数一致。
10.根据权利要求 1所述的浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统， 其特征在 于：， 所述的齿条飞轮组 （6) 为单面齿条飞轮组， 齿条杆件上的单面齿条 （13) 权 利 要 求 书 与一齿轮轴中部的轮齿相交， 该齿轮轴两端装有的大齿轮同时与两个二级轴两 端的小齿轮齿合， 二级轴中段装有统一规格的飞轮（14)， 不同轴上的飞轮一对 一两个成组对应安装一组以上飞轮组， 同组飞轮外圈相互齿合， 同一轴上飞轮 ( 14) 做功方向一致， 二轴上的飞轮 （14) 做功方向相反， 当齿轮杆件上下运 动时， 则二个二级轴上任一轴的飞轮 （14) 外圈都将输出旋转运动。
PCT/CN2012/081305 2011-10-25 2012-09-12 浮体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统 WO2013060204A1 (zh)

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