WO2013054573A1

WO2013054573A1 - Power sharing method and power sharing device

Info

Publication number: WO2013054573A1
Application number: PCT/JP2012/066865
Authority: WO
Inventors: 石田　隆張; 隆文江原; 小海　裕
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2011-10-13
Filing date: 2012-07-02
Publication date: 2013-04-18
Also published as: JP2013090344A

Abstract

A power sharing method allows power to be shared among power supply communities in such a way that: a desired share amount is received from another power supply community; a storage battery corresponding to the desired share amount is specified; and the specified storage battery is transported to the another power supply community.

Description

Power accommodation method and power accommodation apparatus

Import by reference

This application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-225455 filed on Oct. 13, 2011, and is incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention relates to a technique for accommodating power using a storage battery.

As a background art in this technical field, there is JP-A-2006-288162 (Patent Document 1). A plurality of consumers are provided, and power interchange control is performed between the consumers via a power interchange control device. In addition, it is described that the power amount accommodation control device executes control of power supply to a load in the consumer and control of power supply stop according to the remaining amount of power stored in the power storage unit.

JP 2006-288162 A

The concept of using a storage battery for power interchange is based on the premise that it is stationary as shown in the above known example. For this reason, when the power to be accommodated exceeds the maximum capacity of the storage battery, it is necessary to cope with it by newly installing the battery. However, since it takes a predetermined time for a new installation, it is difficult to respond immediately. Also, even if supplemented by other methods of power interchange (for example, self-excited BackToBack), the conversion capacity is 100 MW or less per place, so considering the equipment cost and installation period, there is a convenient method that does not cost much more It is desired.

The present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above-mentioned problems. To give an example, the following is an example of “a method of performing power interchange between a plurality of power supply areas by transporting and charging / discharging storage batteries. Has at least a power interchange system composed of a charge / discharge command device and an accompanying input data database, an output database for storing output data from the charge / discharge command device, and a battery management center. It is characterized by “accommodating power by transporting storage batteries”.

The first embodiment of the present invention provides a green power index between regions based on the remaining battery level of each region and the green power index of each storage battery via a charge / discharge command device installed in each region. The storage battery is selected so that the objective function is maximized, and the selected storage battery is transported for power interchange, minimizing the environmental burden between regions and stable in the region where power interchange was performed. Electric power can be supplied. Furthermore, since power interchange is performed in a distributed manner between regions, priority is given to power interchange between adjacent regions, and there is an effect that the transportation cost of the storage battery is reduced.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It is the 1st Example of a power interchange system. It is a 1st Example of a charge / discharge command function. It is an Example of the battery selection function in a 1st Example. It is one Example of the input data (battery database) to a battery selection function. It is one Example of the input data (charge / discharge mode) to a battery selection function. It is one Example of the input data (constraint conditions) to a battery selection function. It is an Example of a storage battery arrangement | positioning function. It is a principle diagram of a green power calculation method. It is an example of Numerical formula (1) of a green power calculation system. It is an example of Numerical formula (2) of a green power calculation system. It is one Example of the flowchart of a green power calculation system. It is one Example of the data format required for a green power calculation system. It is one Example of the data format required for a green power calculation system. It is one Example of the data format required for a green power calculation system. It is one Example of the data format required for a green power calculation system. It is one Example of an optimization calculation flowchart. It is a 2nd Example of an electric power interchange system. It is a 2nd Example of a charge / discharge command function. It is one Example of a supply-and-demand determination function. It is one Example of the data required for a supply-and-demand determination function. It is one Example of the data required for a supply-and-demand determination function. It is one Example of the data required for a supply-and-demand determination function. It is one Example of an electric power demand amount prediction function. It is one Example of an electric power supply amount prediction function. It is one Example of a power shortage calculating device. It is one Example of a battery management center. It is one Example of a battery management center. It is a 3rd Example of a charge / discharge command function. It is a 3rd Example of a battery selection apparatus. It is one Example of the data format required for a contract collation apparatus. It is an example of an incentive indicator. It is an example of an incentive indicator. It is a flowchart which shows one Example of a battery selection apparatus. It is an example of the sample data for giving an incentive. It is a 4th Example of a battery selection apparatus. It is a 5th Example of a battery selection apparatus. It is an example of a state estimation model. It is an example of a stolen power estimation device. It is a process flowchart for realization of a stolen power estimation device. It is a 6th Example of a battery selection apparatus. It is a flowchart which calculates electric power shortage.

Hereinafter, examples will be described with reference to the drawings.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first configuration for realizing the power interchange system of the present invention. The first embodiment shows a case where electric power is accommodated by transporting a storage battery that is already charged in each region or a storage battery that needs to be charged. 11, 12, and 13 in the figure indicate systems (regional supply systems) that manage the power in a region that is a unit of power supply.
This area may be considered as a power supply unit in a narrow area called CEMS (Community Energy Management System), for example. Further, 11, 12, and 13 may be considered as areas having an area of about a municipality unit. Each regional supply system includes at least a charge / discharge command device 101, an input database 102, an output database 103, and a battery management center 104, and a plurality of storage batteries not shown in the figure are connected to the charge / discharge command device. ing. The charge / discharge command devices 101 existing in each region are connected to each other via a communication line, and the information on the state of each charge / discharge command device can be acquired by the communication line. In addition, the charge / discharge command device and the battery management center are connected by a communication line, so that necessary information can be taken in sequentially.

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the charge / discharge command apparatus in the first embodiment. The charge / discharge command device 101 is a communication bus 123 for connecting each function, a charge / discharge request function 115 for determining whether or not a storage battery needs to be charged / discharged in each area, and charge / discharge in other areas where a charge / discharge request is coming. Battery selection function 116 for determining which storage battery in the region should be moved, when charging / discharging is required in other regions where charging / discharging is required, Destination determination function 117 for determining where to perform charging / discharging, instruction function 118 for transmitting a specific instruction to move the battery in the area to the administrator of the storage battery, input database 111, output database 112, program Is stored in a storage area 113, a memory 121 for performing calculations, and a CPU 122.

FIG. 3 shows the input / output data relationship of the battery selection function 116. The battery selection function includes a green power calculation process 328 and a battery arrangement calculation function 329, which will be described later in the description of the flowchart. The green power calculation process 328 is acquired from the regional battery database 131, the regional constraint condition 132, and other regions. The charge / discharge mode and the regional database 136 are set as minimum input data. Further, in the battery arrangement calculation function 329, the other region system database 134, the other region charging station position database 135, the other region restriction condition 131, the charge / discharge mode from other regions acquired from the charge / discharge request function 115, and the charge / discharge request amount 133 are provided. And the output data from the green power calculation device 328 as input data.
The charge / discharge request function measures the supply and demand status excluding storage batteries in the area with sensors, etc., calculates the excess or deficiency of power in the area based on the result, and covers the power in the area This is a function for requesting power supply when power is insufficient with respect to other adjacent areas connected by a communication line, and requesting power sales when power is surplus.
Next, the operation of the battery selection function 116 which is a characteristic function of the present embodiment will be described. The battery selection function 116 selects a storage battery to be transported to another area from the storage batteries existing in the area.

An example of the regional battery database 131 is shown in FIG. 4A. As an example of the configuration of the battery database 131, as shown at 141, there are a charge start time, a charge end time, an SOC at the start of charge, an SOC at the end of charge, a battery deterioration level called SOH, and a history of accumulated charge / discharge power. Recorded for each storage battery. If there are other items to be expanded, they can be added as appropriate. An example of the charge / discharge mode 133 is shown in FIG. 4B. The charge / discharge mode is time-series data consisting of time and excess / deficiency of supply and demand. In addition, it is possible to add data items as necessary. An example of the data of the area restriction condition 132 and the other area restriction condition 137 is shown in FIG. 4C. Restriction items include the number of storage batteries that can be transported at one time by the transport vehicle that transports the storage battery, the cost for transporting the battery, the distance from the current storage battery position to the storage battery location of the destination, It is also possible to add the maximum value of the storage battery capacity that can be connected at the battery station, such as the direction of charging / discharging and the minimum secured SOC.

For example, as an example of the constraint in FIG. 4C, if the number of storage batteries that can be transported at one time by a transport vehicle that transports storage batteries is n (pieces), the lower limit is 0, and the reference value is blank. Become. In addition, if it is the cost for transporting the battery, the upper limit is the cost that becomes the break-even point, the lower limit is the cost that makes the profit n%, and the reference value is the cost that makes the profit m% (m <n). It is. If the distance is from the current storage battery position to the destination storage battery position, the upper limit is calculated based on the fuel efficiency history database not described in the specification. The distance is the distance when the fuel efficiency is the best, the lower limit is the distance when the fuel efficiency is the worst, and the reference value is the distance calculated from the average fuel efficiency.

Specific contents of the regional database 131 and the other regional system database 134 are shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. Details will be described in the description of the green power calculation function described later. As shown in FIG. 8D, the other area charging station location database 135 is data 704 including the equipment name and the presence / absence of the station. It is assumed that the connection battery upper limit value in each station is included in the

constraint conditions

132 and 137.

Next, a flowchart for realizing the storage battery selection function will be described with reference to FIG. In step 321, the charge / discharge request amount at each time point is read from the charge / discharge command device in the area where the storage battery has been offered for charging / discharging.

Next, in step 352, supply and demand forecast data for each region is read. Thereafter, in step 323, the restriction condition data of the region is read, and in step 324, the total remaining power of the storage batteries in the region is compared with the supply and demand prediction data. As a result, when there is a shortage of storage battery supply in the area in the process 325, it is determined in the process 326 whether or not the restriction conditions in the area can be relaxed. Here, the relaxation of the constraint condition means, for example, adjusting the minimum guaranteed SOC of each storage battery shown in 143. When this process is possible for each storage battery in the target area, the restriction condition in the area is relaxed in process 327. If the restriction condition of the area cannot be relaxed in the process 326, it cannot contribute to the power interchange of the other area in the area, so that a message to that effect is output and the process is terminated. If no shortage occurs in the process 325, a green power index for each battery is calculated in a process 328.

A method for obtaining the green power index will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6C. The principle for obtaining the green power index is as follows. When the generator and load of the target power system are expressed as current as shown in FIG. 6A, the generator is expressed as a current source using the power equation shown in FIG. 6B. The sensitivity coefficient is used to determine how much the load fluctuates when one unit is changed minutely. A specific calculation method will be described with reference to FIG. For the green power index, target power system data created by the system configuration generation device omitted from the figure is read in process 651.

Based on this data, an admittance matrix is created in process 652, and a determinant shown in formula (1) in FIG. 6B is created in process 653. Thereafter, each bus voltage when only one current source is installed from each generator node is calculated in process 654, and generated in each power source using the bus voltage and the admittance matrix in process 655. Calculate the current flow state. Finally, at 656, the distribution of the current and the load from the bus voltage to the load from the kth generator to the bus i is calculated using the equation (2) shown in FIG. 6C. The CO2-derived amount at each load is obtained by multiplying the power-derived power of the generator determined here by the CO2 emission coefficient defined for each type of power generation.

8A to 8D show examples of input data necessary for obtaining the green power index. Reference numeral 701 in FIG. 8A indicates transmission line, distribution line, transformer connection end point, start point, and parameters of the power system branch for which the green power index is obtained. , An example of a tap ratio when the branch is a tap for the capacity.

Also, as another example of input data, a data example showing the output of a generator called a node and the power consumption of a load is shown at 702 in FIG. 8B. 702 is a node equipment name, a flag indicating whether or not a generator node, a specified voltage value, and a green power index calculation uses a general power flow calculation method using a Newton method, and therefore uses a repetitive calculation. Is required, and the active power generation specified amount (PG), reactive power generation specified amount (QG), active power load specified amount (PL), and reactive power load specified amount (QL) for each node. It is an example of the data which consists of the input amount of a phase adjusting device (a static capacitor, a shunt reactor). By using such input data, in the green power index calculation process, as shown in the example of 703 in FIG. 8C, by converting into a green power index for each generator, thermal power generation, nuclear power generation, renewable energy power generation By classifying into the form of origin, it is possible to obtain a green power index. After obtaining the green power index of each storage battery in this way, the combination of storage batteries is determined by processing 329 (storage battery arrangement calculation function).

A method for determining the combination of storage batteries will be described with reference to FIG. In the process, first, the charge / discharge mode acquired from the charge / discharge request apparatus 115 and the charge / discharge request amount are read in process 901. Next, in the process 902, the area and other area restriction conditions shown in 132 and 137 described above are read. The restriction condition here is also the connection upper limit value of the storage battery in the battery stand. In step 903, an objective function is set. The objective function here is the green power obtained by the above-mentioned calculation, or the voltage stability index after connecting the storage battery to which the storage battery is transported, the transmission loss, the sum of the deviation values from the reference voltage, and the storage battery Use a value typified by transport distance. The objective function set here may be changed for each region where a charge / discharge request is made, may be changed for each time, or may be fixed in advance. In process 904, the battery arrangement calculation is performed based on the constraint conditions and the objective function set so far. As the calculation method used here, it is possible to use a numerical calculation method represented by a linear programming method, a quadratic programming method, a tabu search, or the like generally used as an optimization method. In processing 905, it is determined whether there is a solution whose objective function is further improved than the solution obtained in processing 904. If the objective function value does not improve any more in the process 905, the calculation ends here. If the objective function value is improved, the process returns to step 904 to continue the battery arrangement calculation. The storage battery to be transported to other areas and its transport location are determined by the result here. Since the item for minimizing the transport distance of the storage battery is included in the objective function, priority is given to the power interchange to the nearby area, and the transport cost of the storage battery is reduced.

The instruction function 118 gives an instruction to actually transport the storage battery selected by the battery selection function to the place in another area. In this case, an instruction is issued to the battery station in the area where the storage battery is stored, and an instruction is given to transport the storage battery within the time received from the charge / discharge request function. The configuration of the battery station will be described later with reference to FIG.

The first embodiment of the present invention provides a green power index between regions based on the remaining battery level of each region and the green power index of each storage battery via a charge / discharge command device installed in each region. The storage battery is selected so that the objective function is maximized, and the selected storage battery is transported for power interchange, minimizing the environmental burden between regions and stable in the region where power interchange was performed. Electric power can be supplied. In addition, since power interchange is performed between the regions in a distributed manner, priority is given to power interchange between adjacent regions, and there is an effect that the transportation cost of the storage battery is reduced.

In the present embodiment, the charge / discharge command apparatus in each region is a distributed configuration in which the storage battery is transported to each other by using a communication line, and the collection of regions is compared. A charge / discharge commanding device that exists in only one place in the body, and instructing each battery management center to give instructions for transporting the storage battery in the entire region, in other words, a charge / discharge commanding device that performs centralized control and a power interchange method using the same An example will be described. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the part which has the same code | symbol shown by the figure already demonstrated, and the part which has the same function.

10, 11, 12, and 13 indicate regions serving as units of power supply, as in the first embodiment. The difference from the first embodiment is that although the charge / discharge command device 101 exists in the area 11, the battery management center 104 exists in other areas in the example of FIG. 10.
As shown in FIG. 11, the charge / discharge command apparatus in the second embodiment is that the supply and demand determination function 114 is substituted for the charge / discharge request apparatus 115 as compared with the charge / discharge command apparatus shown in FIG. is there. Other configurations will be described with reference to FIG. 12 for a supply and demand determination function 114 which is a characteristic function of the second embodiment, which is the same as the first embodiment. In the example of FIG. 12, the demand determination function 114 includes a power demand prediction unit 201, a power supply prediction unit 202, and a power shortage amount calculation unit 203, and inputs to these calculation units include renewable energy power generation long-term fluctuation history data 211. , Renewable energy power generation amount short-term recoil history data 212, stationary storage battery usage history data 213, power demand history data 214, feeder power history data 215, and EV (electric vehicle) mounted battery usage history data 216. Among these data, the renewable energy long-term fluctuation history data 211 and the renewable energy short-term fluctuation history data 212 are collected for each renewable energy generator in the table illustrated as 221 in FIG. 13A. Further, the power demand history data 214 and the feeder power history data 215 are stored for each region in the form illustrated in 222 of FIG. 13B together with the external factor data. In addition, stationary storage battery usage history data 213 and EV-mounted battery usage history data 216 are stored in the form illustrated as 223 in FIG. Next, the contents of each calculation processing unit will be described with reference to FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 16. FIG. The power demand prediction unit 201 reads data in a period required by the power demand history data 214 as learning data for predicting demand in the process 241. Here, for example, the required period may be about one year. In process 242, the data acquired in process 241 is classified by type. This process is a preprocess for improving the prediction accuracy, for example, because it is well known that the power demand tends to vary greatly from day to day. Such processing can be omitted depending on the data. Next, in process 243, history data for the period is learned. In this learning, the functional relationship between power demand and external factors (for example, temperature, humidity, weather) is learned from historical data using a prediction method represented by regression analysis, neural network, and statistical method. In process 244, abnormal data that is considered to exist in the learned data is removed. In the above data removal, compared with the average function relationship calculated in 243, a value deviating greatly, for example, data having an error of 3σ or more when the standard deviation is σ is removed as abnormal data. After the data removal is completed as described above, re-learning is performed in process 245 to obtain a tendency between a more average power demand and external factors. Thereafter, by inputting an external factor on the prediction day in the process 246, a prediction result of the power demand is output in the process 247.
Next, the contents of the power supply amount prediction process 202 will be described. The power supply amount prediction apparatus first inputs an external factor in process 251. Thereafter, a feeder power prediction amount is input in processing 252. The feeder power prediction here can be similarly performed by using the learning data input to the power demand amount prediction processing shown in 201 as feeder data. Next, in step 253, the power generation amount of an unstable power source represented by a distributed power source, for example, solar power generation or wind power generation, connected in each area is predicted. For the distributed power source long-period prediction in the process 253, the data to be learned may be changed from the case of the power demand amount prediction apparatus 201. The processing result 255 integrates the prediction result of the distributed power source thus obtained and the feeder power prediction amount. In this way, the predicted state of supply and demand balance in each region is obtained, and the result is output in processing 256.

Next, the processing contents of the power shortage calculation device 203 will be described with reference to FIG. First, in process 261, the history data of the stationary battery is acquired. Here, the history data are parameters including the SOC value and battery capacity of the storage battery in the area under the jurisdiction of the charge / discharge command device. Next, the predicted power supply amount (supply / demand balance) calculated in 202 is read. In process 263, the two are compared to determine whether there is a supply shortage. If there is a shortage of supply, the information on the storage battery is read in 265 and the supply amount is corrected using the storage battery data in processing 267. The sum of the supply amounts is calculated to determine whether there is a supply shortage. Further, if there is no shortage of supply in process 268, this process is terminated, and the process proceeds to the process to the battery selection device 116 described in the first embodiment for selecting the storage battery to be transported. When supply shortage further occurs, an error message is output in process 269 and the process ends. After performing such processing, the processing shown in FIG. 5 described above is performed to determine the storage battery to be transported and the transport location of the storage battery. At this time, if the target system loss minimization or the voltage stability index maximization is set in the objective function in the process 329 during the calculation of the battery selection device 116, the voltage deviation between the regions is reduced as the optimization calculation. Since the storage battery is arranged in the direction, a stable system operation is possible in the target system.

FIG. 17 shows an example of the battery management center 104. The battery management center 104 includes a storage battery 381, a controller 382, a converter 384, a step-up transformer 385, a

switch

386, 387, and a control device 388. A communication module (not shown) is mounted on the control device. Communication is possible. The control device 388, the controller 382, the

switches

386 and 387, the step-up transformer 385, and the converter 384 are connected via communication lines 391 to 395. Reference numeral 389 denotes a power network. The storage battery 381 installed in the area can be switched between the charge mode and the discharge mode via the controller 381 in accordance with a command from the control device 388 in the battery station. When charging is required, the control device controls the

switches

386 and 387 to receive power from the system and charges the storage battery via the converter 384 when charging is necessary. At this time, by issuing a command from the control device to the controller, it is possible to prevent the connected storage battery from being charged or discharged. When the control device receives an instruction from the instruction function 118, the controller issues an instruction to the controller to which the storage battery is connected, and changes to a state where charging / discharging is not performed to prepare for a state where transportation is possible.

FIG. 18 shows a configuration in which an electric vehicle 380 is connected instead of the storage battery, as compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. An electric vehicle can use a part of the charging connector as a discharging connector, or may be provided with a new connector dedicated to discharging on the vehicle side. Further, the communication line 391 can use a PLC, or can be directly connected to an electric vehicle by wireless technology.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, the green power index is calculated for the entire region based on the remaining amount of the storage battery and the green power index for each storage battery via the charge / discharge command device installed in one place. In order to select the storage battery so that the objective function is maximized and transport the selected storage battery to the corresponding area for power interchange, the environmental load is minimized in the target area and the power interchange is performed This makes it possible to supply stable power. Moreover, since the storage batteries can be accommodated in the entire target area, it is possible to stably supply power in the entire target system.

<Summary of Example 2>
In the second embodiment of the present invention, the green power index is calculated for the entire region based on the remaining amount of the storage battery and the green power index for each storage battery via the charge / discharge command device installed in one place. In order to select the storage battery so that the objective function is maximized and transport the selected storage battery to the corresponding area for power interchange, the environmental load is minimized in the target area and the power interchange is performed This makes it possible to supply stable power. Moreover, since the storage batteries can be accommodated in the entire target area, it is possible to stably supply power in the entire target system.

In this embodiment, in contrast to the first embodiment, as a target storage battery, an electric vehicle storage battery that can be moved by itself can be used as an electric storage battery to move a storage battery mounted on an electric vehicle across regions. A configuration example of a device that gives an incentive to a vehicle driver will be described. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the part which has the same code | symbol shown by the figure already demonstrated, and the part which has the same function.

FIG. 19 is an example showing a configuration of a charge / discharge command apparatus that realizes the above-described object. The difference from the first embodiment is that a contract verification device 120 is added compared to the first embodiment, and an incentive calculation process is added to the battery selection function process as will be described later. . This configuration is shown in FIG. In FIG. 20, an incentive calculation device 351 is added to FIG. 3, and EV user usage history data 361 and an incentive database 362 are added as input data of the incentive calculation device. The EV user usage history data 361 stores the data exemplified in 141 in FIG. 4 described above in each EV. An example of the contents of the incentive database is 362 in FIG. 22A. The CO2 emission level, the SOC level of the EV-equipped vehicle, the proximity when the EV moves for power interchange in the past, and the EV for power interchange in the past. The example illustrates the frequency of cooperation indicating the frequency of cooperation, and price suitability indicating the relationship between the incentive price when the EV user cooperates in power interchange and the satisfaction level of the EV user at that time.

As illustrated in 363 in FIG. 21, the contract verification device is a contract form for each user, such as a contract form that can acquire a fixed amount incentive every time the user cooperates or the incentive changes at the time of cooperation. It is. In addition, in the example, whether or not the vehicle can be charged and discharged as an option, whether or not both are possible, or the maximum and minimum SOCs at which charging / discharging is interrupted, what is the charge / discharge level at the user's request. For example, a time zone in which discharge is prohibited. When a charge / discharge request from a charge / discharge command device in another region arrives at the charge / discharge command device in that region, the contract verification device 120 first excludes the EVs that are not covered, and can contribute to power interchange. It becomes possible to focus only on a certain EV.
Next, specific processing of the battery selection processing shown in FIG. 20 will be described with reference to FIGS. 22A and 22B. In process 751, the charge / discharge request amount at each time relating to the other area where the charge / discharge request apparatus request is made is read. Thereafter, supply and demand forecast data in the area is read in process 752. Thereafter, the restriction condition data in the area is acquired in processing 753, and the remaining battery capacity in the area is compared with supply / demand data at each time in 754. As a result of the check in the process 755, if there is no shortage of electric power in the area, it is possible to exchange power by moving the EV to another area. Therefore, in the process 328, the green power of each EV storage battery Perform index calculation. In this process, the same process as in the case of the storage battery described above is performed, and the green degree of the electric power charged from the initial state is accumulated and updated. Thereafter, whether or not each EV storage battery can be used is investigated in process 759. Data acquired by the contract verification device 120 described above is used as the data for this investigation. Thereafter, in process 760, a power price necessary for power interchange between regions is calculated. Next, in a process 351, the power price is calculated. The power price here is determined by, for example, proportional distribution of the price of power from the distributed power source existing in the area in addition to the price of the grid power received in the area. After that, the price including the margin corresponding to the profit is determined in comparison with the power price presented from the charge / discharge command device from other areas. The margin fee here is determined in advance as an area having each charge / discharge command device. Next, an incentive index for each EV storage battery is calculated at 351. As shown at 385 in FIG. 22B, the distance or time the EV user travels to accommodate the battery, the incentive curve 376 representing the user's desired price of the power price (incentive fee), and the charge / discharge management command device side The incentive curve 377 representing the desired price is collated, and the intersection is determined as an incentive fee commensurate with the travel distance as indicated by 378. A factor that has a major impact on the pattern of accommodating power in other regions using EV is whether or not EV users will cooperate, and for that purpose the timing of requesting cooperation for power interchange is important. . FIG. 23 is an example in which user actions for incentive index calculation and merits in that case are summarized. Based on such an example, the incentive curve on the EV user side shown in FIG. 22 is changed. For example, in the table of FIG. 23, if the electric discharge (= cooperating with interchange) EV user thinks that the merit seen from the user is great, the incentive is given from the idea that he / she must buy high Otherwise, there is a possibility that it will not cooperate with the accommodation, but for example, an EV user who does not have a certain destination may have a low incentive to cooperate with the electricity accommodation. Such an EV user's action pattern is reflected in the incentive curve, and is reflected in the objective function of the process 329. The process 329 selects the EV to be moved using the optimization calculation as exemplified in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, an incentive index is inserted into the objective function, and optimization calculation is performed so that the incentive index is maximized for many EV users so that as many EV users as possible cooperate with accommodation can enjoy the benefits.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, the remaining amount of the battery mounted on the EV in each area, the green power index of each storage battery, and the EV user's Based on the incentive indicator, select the EV that moves so that the objective function including the green power indicator and incentive is maximized between the regions, and connect the selected EV to the battery station for power interchange In addition to minimizing the environmental load between regions, there is a merit that cooperates with the power interchange of EV users, and it is possible to supply stable power in the region where the power interchange was performed. In addition, since power interchange is performed in a distributed manner between regions, priority is given to power interchange between adjacent regions, and there is an effect that the travel distance of each EV is reduced. In addition, since the present embodiment shows an effective effect even in systems where frequencies in each region are different, it is possible to save power without installing a frequency conversion station that requires time and cost for construction in power interchange between different frequency power systems. Accommodation can be performed between different frequency systems.

<Summary of Example 3>
According to the third embodiment of the present invention, the remaining amount of the battery mounted on the EV in each area, the green power index of each storage battery, and the EV user's Based on the incentive indicator, to select the EV that moves so that the objective function including the green power indicator and incentive is maximized between the regions, and connect the selected EV to the battery station for power interchange In addition to minimizing the environmental load between regions, there is a merit that cooperates with the power interchange of EV users, and it is possible to supply stable power in the region where the power interchange was performed. In addition, since power interchange is performed in a distributed manner between regions, priority is given to power interchange between adjacent regions, and there is an effect that the travel distance of each EV is reduced. In addition, since the present embodiment shows an effective effect even in systems where frequencies in each region are different, it is possible to save power without installing a frequency conversion station that requires time and cost for construction in power interchange between different frequency power systems. Accommodation can be performed between different frequency systems.

In this embodiment, in contrast to the second embodiment, an EV-mounted storage battery is used instead of the storage battery, and each EV-mounted storage battery is interchanged between regions. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the part which has the same code | symbol shown by the figure already demonstrated, and the part which has the same function. In this embodiment (FIG. 23), the contract verification function 120 is added to the second embodiment, and the battery selection function 116 becomes the function of the configuration used in the third embodiment.
The fourth embodiment of the present invention is based on the remaining amount of storage battery in the entire region, the green power index of each storage battery, and the incentive index of EV users through a charge / discharge command device installed in one place. Select the EV that moves so that the objective function including the green power index and incentives is maximized throughout the region, so that the power is interchanged. Thus, stable power can be supplied in an area where power is interchanged. Moreover, since the storage batteries can be accommodated in the entire target area, it is possible to stably supply power in the entire target system. In addition, since the present embodiment shows an effective effect even in systems where frequencies in each region are different, it is possible to save power without installing a frequency conversion station that requires time and cost for construction in power interchange between different frequency power systems. Accommodation can be performed between different frequency systems.

<Summary of Example 4>
The fourth embodiment of the present invention is based on the remaining amount of storage battery in the entire region, the green power index of each storage battery, and the incentive index of EV users through a charge / discharge command device installed in one place. Select the EV that moves so that the objective function including the green power index and incentives is maximized throughout the region, so that the power is interchanged. Thus, stable power can be supplied in an area where power is interchanged. Moreover, since the storage batteries can be accommodated in the entire target area, it is possible to stably supply power in the entire target system. In addition, since the present embodiment shows an effective effect even in systems where frequencies in each region are different, it is possible to save power without installing a frequency conversion station that requires time and cost for construction in power interchange between different frequency power systems. Accommodation can be performed between different frequency systems.

In this example, although it was assumed in the first to fourth examples that the power system in the area was operating soundly, in the actual power system, power was stolen at an unexpected level. There is also a case. If such unexpected power theft occurs, the effect may be reduced even if power is exchanged with the storage battery. Therefore, in this embodiment, even if the power is stolen, the storage battery It is an Example for taking out the effect of electric power interchange by transporting. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the part which has the same code | symbol shown by the figure already demonstrated, and the part which has the same function.
FIG. 24 is an example in which a power theft estimation function 1001 that is a characteristic feature of the present embodiment is added to the charge / discharge command apparatus 101 of the first embodiment. The principle of the power theft estimation function will be described with reference to FIG. The device for estimating the amount of stolen power uses information from sensors connected to nodes and branches for the physical model called nodes consisting of generators and loads and the physical model called branches consisting of transmission lines, distribution lines, and transformers. Originally, a state estimation method (Power System State Estimation) using the least square method is used. Holten, L .; Gjelsvik, A .; Aam, S .; Wu, FF; Liu, W.-HE; Comparison of different methods for state estimation.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 3 ( 1988), 1798-1806.
In the example of FIG. 25, the method of estimating the amount of theft of electricity is N times the weighting coefficient regarding the observation values 901 to 903 and 908 to 910 regarding the node among the observation values 901 to 910 as the branch observation values 904 to 907. Set to. Stealing power generally creates a branch from power transmission lines and distribution lines and crosses the power, so when state estimation is performed in this state, the state estimation calculation is performed when there is power theft. There is little estimated residual (= observed value−estimated value) in the observed value, and a large observation error is calculated for the observed value in the branch. Therefore, if there is a large discrepancy in the observed value of the branch, that is, if the estimated residual is large, anomaly is detected as bad data, it can be estimated that theft has occurred in the branch where bad data occurred, the bad data is removed, and the node The difference between the estimation result of the “correct state” in which the state estimation was performed with the same weighting coefficient for the observation value of the branch and the estimation result of the branch in which the bad data was detected in the “incorrect state” is the amount of theft Will be calculated. By incorporating the value that anticipates the amount of power theft into the amount requested from the charge / discharge command device in other areas, even if theft occurs during the power interchange, the amount of theft can be anticipated in advance and the storage battery transport can be accommodated. In the region, it is possible to secure stable power through electricity interchange.
FIG. 26 shows the configuration of the amount of power theft estimation apparatus. The theft power estimation apparatus 1001 uses the standing tree system database 1021 and the other regional apparatus database 1022 as input data. The weight coefficient setting function 1023, the state estimation function 1024, the theft power calculation function 1025, the weight coefficient inclination existence estimation result 1026, the weight coefficient inclination It is composed of the none estimation result 1027. These operations will be described again with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In processing 1101, observation value data and system data of another system are read. In the processing 1102, the observation value of the node and the observation value of the branch are separated from the observation value data read in the processing 1101, and the weight of the observation value of the node is set to N times the branch observation value. The approximate standard for N is preferably about 10-100. Thereafter, the state estimation calculation is performed with the observation value data in which the weighting factor is changed, and the result is recorded in the processing 1104. Based on this estimation result, it is checked in process 1105 whether or not bad data has been detected. If bad data is not detected, the process is terminated assuming that there is no power theft. If bad data is detected in processing 1105, the weighting coefficient of the observation value of the node and the observation value of the branch is set to the same value in processing 1106. Based on the data, state estimation calculation is performed in step 1107, and the result is recorded in step 1108. In the processing 1109, the difference between the estimated values before and after changing the weighting coefficient is set as the estimated amount of theft for the observed value detected as bad data in the data recorded in the processing 1104 and the data recorded in the processing 1109. After obtaining the estimated amount of theft, the same calculation as in the first embodiment may be performed by reflecting the estimated amount of theft in the value of the process 901 in FIG. 9 in the first embodiment.
Since the fifth embodiment of the present invention is provided with the function of estimating the amount of theft in the configuration of the first embodiment, the remaining amount of the storage battery in each region and the green power index of each storage battery are obtained through the charge / discharge command device. In addition, even if the amount of power theft in the region increases, power is exchanged using storage batteries that transport between regions so that the objective function including the green power index and incentive is maximized throughout the region. It is possible to minimize the environmental load in the area and supply stable power in the area where power is interchanged. In addition, since power interchange is performed between the regions in a distributed manner, priority is given to power interchange between adjacent regions, and there is an effect that the transportation cost of the storage battery is reduced. Further, by providing the power theft estimation function in the configurations of the second to fourth embodiments, it becomes possible to stabilize the regional system by power interchange even if the power theft is increased in each region.

<Summary of Example 5>
Since the fifth embodiment of the present invention is provided with the function of estimating the amount of theft in the configuration of the first embodiment, the remaining amount of the storage battery in each region and the green power index of each storage battery are obtained through the charge / discharge command device. In addition, even if the amount of power theft in the region increases, the power consumption using storage batteries that transport between regions so that the objective function including the green power index and incentive is maximized throughout the region. It is possible to minimize the environmental load in the area and supply stable power in the area where power is interchanged. In addition, since power interchange is performed between the regions in a distributed manner, priority is given to power interchange between adjacent regions, and there is an effect that the transportation cost of the storage battery is reduced. Further, by providing the power theft estimation function in the configurations of the second to fourth embodiments, it becomes possible to stabilize the regional system by power interchange even if the power theft is increased in each region.

In this example, the first to fourth examples were based on the premise that the power system in the area is operating soundly, but sudden outages in the local system where the power generation facilities do not have sufficient capacity May occur. In order to prevent such an unexpected power failure in advance, the present embodiment is an embodiment that provides a power interchange effect by transporting a storage battery even if a power failure occurs by providing a power failure estimation function. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the part which has the same code | symbol shown by the figure already demonstrated, and the part which has the same function.

FIG. 28 shows a configuration in which a power failure estimation function 1002 is added to the charge / discharge command apparatus in the first embodiment. The power outage estimation function acquires frequency fluctuation data from the outside through communication and constantly monitors the trend. The operation of the power failure estimation function will be described with reference to FIG. Supply / demand prediction is performed in processing 1151. This supply and demand prediction is the same as the power demand amount prediction function 201 and the power supply function 202 shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B. After that, based on these data, frequency calculation of other systems is performed. Next, a frequency moving average value from a past time point is calculated in order to average frequency fluctuations in processing 1153. When the time during which the frequency change becomes larger than ε set in advance in the processing 1154 continues for a certain period of time, a further power shortage amount is estimated from the system capacity and the frequency, and the amount is shown in FIG. 9 in the first embodiment. The same calculation as in the first embodiment may be performed by reflecting the value in the process 901 in the middle.
In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, since the power failure estimation function is provided in the configuration of the first embodiment, the remaining amount of storage battery in each region and the green power index of each storage battery are based on the charge / discharge command device. In addition, even if the possibility of power outage in the region increases, power is exchanged using storage batteries that transport between regions so that the objective function including the green power index and incentive is maximized throughout the region. It is possible to minimize the environmental load in the area and supply stable power in the area where power is interchanged. In addition, since power interchange is performed between the regions in a distributed manner, priority is given to power interchange between adjacent regions, and there is an effect that the transportation cost of the storage battery is reduced. In addition, by providing the power failure estimation function in the configurations of the second to fourth embodiments, it is possible to stabilize the regional system by power interchange even if the possibility of power failure increases in each region.

<Summary of Example 6>
In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, since the power failure estimation function is provided in the configuration of the first embodiment, the remaining amount of storage battery in each region and the green power index of each storage battery are based on the charge / discharge command device. In addition, even if the possibility of power outage in the region increases, power is exchanged using storage batteries that transport between regions so that the objective function including the green power index and incentive is maximized throughout the region. It is possible to minimize the environmental load in the area and supply stable power in the area where power is interchanged. In addition, since power interchange is performed between the regions in a distributed manner, priority is given to power interchange between adjacent regions, and there is an effect that the transportation cost of the storage battery is reduced. In addition, by providing the power failure estimation function in the configurations of the second to fourth embodiments, it is possible to stabilize the regional system by power interchange even if the possibility of power failure increases in each region.
While the above description has been made with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto and that various changes and modifications can be made within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Charging / discharging instruction | command apparatus 102 Input database 103 Output database 104 Battery management center 123 Communication bus 114 Supply-and-demand determination function 115 Charge / discharge request function 116 Battery selection function 117 Destination determination function 118 Instruction apparatus 111 Input database 112 Output database 113 Storage area 121 Memory 122 CPU
328 Green power calculation device 329 Storage battery arrangement calculation function 1001 Power theft estimation function 1002 Power failure estimation function

Claims

A power interchange method for accommodating power between power supply areas,
A receiving step of receiving a desired amount of accommodation from another power supply area;
A specific step of identifying a storage battery corresponding to the desired amount of accommodation;
An execution step of performing power accommodation by transporting the identified storage battery to the other power supply area; and
A power interchange method comprising:
The power interchange method according to claim 1,
The specifying step calculates a green power index of the battery from at least voltage information and power-derived information indicating a power supply source to the storage battery for each of the plurality of storage batteries existing in the power supply area, A power accommodation method for identifying a storage battery corresponding to the desired amount of accommodation based on the green power index.
The power interchange method according to claim 2,
The power storage method, wherein the storage battery is a storage battery mounted on an electric vehicle.
In the electric power accommodation method of Claim 3,
The specifying step further specifies a storage battery corresponding to the desired amount of accommodation based on the proximity information to the other power supply area when the automobile moves.
A power interchange device that interchanges power with other power interchange devices,
An interface unit for receiving accommodation request information from another electricity accommodation device;
Based on the accommodation request information, a storage battery specifying unit for specifying a storage battery used for accommodation;
A power interchange apparatus comprising:
In the electric power interchange apparatus of Claim 5,
The storage battery specifying unit calculates a green power index of the storage battery from at least voltage information and power-derived information indicating a power supply source to the storage battery for each of the plurality of storage batteries existing in the power supply area. A power accommodation apparatus that identifies a storage battery corresponding to the accommodation request information based on the green power index.
In the electric power interchange apparatus of Claim 6,
The storage battery is an electric vehicle storage battery,
The said storage battery specific | specification part is an electric power accommodation apparatus which specifies the storage battery corresponding to the said accommodation request | requirement information further based on the approach degree information to the said other electric power supply area, when the said motor vehicle moves.
A power interchange method for performing power interchange between a plurality of power supply areas by transporting and charging / discharging storage batteries,
Each power supply area has at least a charge / discharge command device and an input data database associated therewith, an output database for storing output data from the charge / discharge command device, and a power interchange system comprising a battery management center,
An electric power interchange method for performing electric power interchange between the electric power interchange systems in each region by transporting a storage battery.
The power interchange method according to claim 8,
The charge / discharge command device has a charge / discharge request function for acquiring at least a power interchange request from another region, and a battery selection for selecting a storage battery existing in the own region in order to transport a charged battery from the own region to another region. A power interchange method using a storage battery having a charge / discharge command device, which includes at least a function and an instruction function for transmitting a calculation result from the battery selection function to a battery station.
The power interchange method according to claim 9,
The battery selection device included in the charge / discharge instruction device has a green power calculation processing function for virtually calculating the origin of the electric power stored in the storage battery existing in the local area, and the power interchange by the storage battery having the charge / discharge instruction device. Method.
The power accommodation method according to claim 10,
The charge / discharge command device manages at least the power interchange request in each region, and obtains the supply and demand decision function to detect the excess and deficiency of supply and demand, and exists in its own region to transport the storage battery charged from its own region to other regions A power interchange method using a storage battery having a charge / discharge command function, including at least a battery selection function for selecting a storage battery to be performed and an instruction function for transmitting a calculation result from the battery selection function to a battery station.
The power interchange method according to claim 11,
The charge / discharge command device includes a charge / discharge request function for obtaining at least a power interchange request from another area, and a battery for selecting a storage battery existing in the own area in order to transport a storage battery charged from the own area to the other area. A charge / discharge command apparatus comprising at least a selection function, an instruction function for transmitting a calculation result from the battery selection function to a battery station, and a contract verification function for inquiring information for charging / discharging an electric vehicle A power interchange method for performing power interchange between electric power interchange systems in each region by moving an electric vehicle and charging / discharging a storage battery mounted thereon.
The power interchange method according to claim 12,
The battery selection device included in the charge / discharge command device has a green power calculation processing function for virtually calculating the origin of the electric power stored in the storage battery existing in its own region and the electric vehicle user cooperates in power interchange. A power interchange method for performing power interchange between electric power interchange systems in each region by moving an electric vehicle and charging / discharging a storage battery mounted on the electric power interchange system.
The power interchange method according to claim 8,
The charge / discharge command device includes a charge / discharge request function for obtaining at least a power interchange request from another area, and a battery for selecting a storage battery existing in the own area in order to transport a storage battery charged from the own area to the other area. A power interchange method using a storage battery having a charge / discharge command device, comprising at least a selection function, an instruction function for transmitting a calculation result from the battery selection function to a battery station, and a function for estimating an amount of power theft in a local power system.
The power interchange method according to claim 14,
The charge / discharge command device includes a storage battery having a charge / discharge command device, wherein the function of estimating the power theft includes at least a state estimation function, a weight coefficient setting function, and a power theft calculation device.
The power interchange method according to claim 15, wherein
The charge / discharge command device includes a charge / discharge request function for obtaining at least a power interchange request from another area, and a battery for selecting a storage battery existing in the own area in order to transport a storage battery charged from the own area to the other area. A power interchange method using a storage battery having a charge / discharge command device, comprising at least a selection function, an instruction function for transmitting a calculation result from the battery selection function to a battery station, and a function for estimating a power failure in a local power system.