JP2017028863A - Power transfer planning device and program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a planning area in which power is lacked, in power transfer planning.SOLUTION: A power transfer planning device configured to generate a power transfer plan determines a planning area by combining two or more regions or from the one region, and calculates a target function by formulating a predetermined problem relating to the planning area. In the calculation of the target function, the quantity of demand to be consumed in the planning area and the quantity of supply subtracting a power generation quantity of power to be generated in the planning area from the quantity of demand are calculated for each planning area. If it is discriminated that planning areas include a power transfer required planning area that is a planning area requiring power transfer and planning areas include a power transfer enabled planning area that is a planning area to which power can be transferred, the planning areas are changed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power interchange planning apparatus and program.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a method of constructing a network that supplies energy to an adjacent area using a distributed power supply facility such as a microgrid is known.

  Moreover, for example, in Patent Document 1, self-supporting power is generated in a microgrid composed of an internal combustion power generation facility, a renewable energy generation power generation facility using renewable energy such as a solar power generation facility, and a power storage device. A method of performing stable supply is disclosed.

In addition, for example, in Patent Document 2, each CO ₂ emission basic unit is calculated for each area power supply system. Thus, from the small area power supply system of CO ₂ emissions per unit, a method of calculating the power interchange amount of interchange power to large areas power supply system of CO ₂ emissions per unit is disclosed.

  Furthermore, for example, in Patent Document 3, the demand control device of its own tenant transmits an excess power signal and requests power accommodation from power accommodation devices possessed by other tenants. Next, a method is disclosed in which the power accommodation apparatus presents a power reduction value to the user and accommodates the power corresponding to the reduction value when the predicted value of the power consumption has no room for the upper limit value. .

Japanese Patent No. 5,402,566 JP 2010-213420 A JP 2013-258852 A

  However, in the conventional method, it is not determined whether or not power is insufficient in each plan area among the respective plan areas to which power is supplied. Therefore, power indicating a plan for accommodating power between the plan areas. In the accommodation plan, even if power accommodation is performed, there is a possibility that there is a plan area where power is insufficient.

  One aspect of the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to reduce a plan area where power is insufficient in a power interchange plan.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the power accommodation planning device for generating a power accommodation plan according to an embodiment of the present invention combines two or more regions or creates a planning area from one region. A determining unit for determining; a calculating unit for calculating an objective function that formulates a predetermined problem relating to the planning area; and in calculating the objective function, a demand amount consumed in the planning area, and the demand amount based on the demand amount A supply amount obtained by subtracting the amount of power generated in the plan area is calculated for each plan area, and there is a plan area requiring power interchange among the plan areas, which is a plan area that requires power interchange, and And a change unit that changes the plan area when it is determined that there is a plan area that can be accommodated in the plan area.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the plan area where electric power runs short can be decreased in an electric power interchange plan.

The schematic diagram which shows the usage example of the power interchange planning apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. The block diagram which shows an example of the hardware constitutions of the power accommodation planning apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. The functional block diagram which shows an example of a function structure of the power accommodation planning apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. The flowchart which shows an example of the whole process by the power interchange planning apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows an example of the area | region used as the object of the plan area determined by the power interchange planning apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the example in which one plan area is produced | generated by the power interchange planning apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the example in which four plan areas are produced | generated by the power interchange plan apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the example in which two plan areas are produced | generated by the power interchange plan apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows an example of the demand predicted value in one Embodiment of this invention, a power generation predicted value, and a supply predicted value. The figure which shows the fixed example of the plan which starts or stops the installation by the power interchange planning apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows an example of determination of whether the plan by the power interchange planning apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention is changed. The figure which shows an example of determination of whether the plan is changed reflecting the setting by the power accommodation planning device in one embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1. 1. Use example of power interchange planning device 2. Hardware configuration example of power interchange planning device 3. Functional configuration example of power interchange planning device Example of overall processing by power interchange planning device ≪ 1. Usage example of power interchange planning device ≫
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of use of a power interchange planning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows an example in which a PC 10 is used as an example of a power interchange planning apparatus. In this example, the PC 10 is connected to the power system PS via the monitoring control system 11 and the communication network CN.

  In FIG. 1, the supervisory control system 11 monitors and controls the power system PS via the communication network CN. Specifically, the supervisory control system 11 is a part of various facilities that each of the first consumer CS1, the second consumer CS2, the third consumer CS3, etc. included in the power system PS has via the communication network CN. Or all connected.

  Assume that each consumer has various devices such as a power generation facility PW, a load facility LD, and a power storage device ST. In FIG. 1, the first consumer CS1 and the third consumer CS3 each have a power generation facility PW that can generate electric power and a load facility LD that consumes electric power. Further, the consumer may have a plurality of power generation facilities PW and the like, like the second consumer CS2. Further, the second consumer CS2 has a load facility LD and a power storage facility ST. In addition, the various facilities which the 1st consumer CS1, the 2nd consumer CS2, the 3rd consumer CS3, etc. each have are connected via a power line.

  From these various facilities, the monitoring control system 11 receives measurement data of the various facilities. That is, the monitoring control system 11 stores data related to the power system PS such as measurement data. Furthermore, the supervisory control system 11 transmits a control signal to various facilities based on the calculated plan value and the like, and controls the various facilities.

≪ 2. Example of hardware configuration of power interchange planning device ≫
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of the power interchange planning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the PC 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 101, a storage device 102, a network I / F (interface) 103, an input I / F 104, and an output I / F 105. In other words, the power interchange planning device is an information processing device such as a PC, a server, or a workstation, that is, a computer.

  The CPU 101 is an arithmetic device that performs calculations for realizing various processes and various controls performed by the PC 10 and processes various data. Further, the CPU 101 is a control device that controls the hardware of the PC 10.

  The storage device 102 stores data, programs, setting values, and the like used by the PC 10. The storage device 102 is a so-called memory or the like. Note that the storage device 102 may include an auxiliary storage device such as a hard disk.

  The network I / F 103 transmits and receives various data and the like to and from devices connected via a network such as a LAN (Local Area Network). For example, the network I / F 103 is a connector or the like for connecting a NIC (Network Interface Controller) and a LAN cable. Note that the network I / F 103 is not limited to an I / F that uses a network, and may be an I / F that transmits and receives to / from an external device through a cable, wireless, or a connector.

  The input I / F 104 is an interface with a system administrator who uses the PC 10. Specifically, the input I / F 104 inputs various operations performed by a system administrator or the like. For example, the input I / F 104 includes an input device such as a keyboard and a connector that connects the input device to the PC 10.

  The output I / F 105 is an interface with a system administrator who uses the PC 10. Specifically, the output I / F 105 outputs processing results of various processes performed by the PC 10 to a system administrator or the like. For example, the output I / F 105 is an output device such as a display and a connector for connecting the output device to the PC 10.

  Note that the PC 10 may further include an auxiliary device that assists the processing by each hardware resource. Further, the PC 10 may further include an apparatus inside or outside in order to perform various processes in parallel, redundantly, or distributedly. Further, the PC 10 may be composed of a plurality of information processing apparatuses.

≪ 3. Example of functional configuration of power interchange planning device ≫
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the power interchange planning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the PC 10 includes an input unit FN1, an output unit FN2, a communication unit FN3, a database FN4, a control unit FN5, and a calculation unit FN6.

  The input unit FN1 sends data input to the PC 10 to the control unit FN5. The input unit FN1 is realized by, for example, the network I / F 103 (see FIG. 2) or the input I / F 104 (see FIG. 2).

  The output unit FN2 outputs data such as an input response result and a calculation result sent from the control unit FN5. Note that the output unit FN2 is realized by, for example, the network I / F 103 or the output I / F 105 (see FIG. 2).

  The input unit FN1 and the output unit FN2 are user interfaces. For example, the input unit FN1 is realized by an operation input unit that receives a user's input operation, and the output unit FN2 is realized by an output unit that displays a display screen or the like so that the user can visually recognize the output. The input unit FN1 and the output unit FN2 may be realized by a so-called touch panel or the like in which the input device and the output device are integrated.

  The communication unit FN3 communicates between the PC 10 and the monitoring control system 11 (see FIG. 1) by a predetermined communication method. That is, the communication unit FN3 transmits / receives data necessary for generating the power interchange plan, data related to the generated power interchange plan, and the like to and from the monitoring control system 11 and the like. The communication unit FN3 is realized by the network I / F 103, for example.

  The database FN4 stores performance data D1, prediction data D2, equipment data D3, and the like acquired by the PC 10 through the input unit FN1 or the communication unit FN3. The database FN4 stores plan data D4 and the like generated by the PC 10. Note that the database FN4 is realized by the storage device 102 (see FIG. 2), for example.

  The control unit FN5 processes or processes data and signals, and transmits and receives data and the like between the units. Note that the control unit FN5 is realized by, for example, the CPU 101 (see FIG. 2).

  The calculation unit FN6 includes, for example, a plan data reading unit FN61, an initial plan area determination unit FN62, an optimal supply / demand plan problem generation unit FN63, an optimal supply / demand plan calculation unit FN64, a plan update determination unit FN65, a plan area update unit FN66, and power interchange. It has a plan calculation unit FN67 and the like. In addition, calculation is performed by the calculation unit FN6, and plan data and the like are generated. The generated plan data or the like is transmitted to the monitoring control system 11 or the like in response to a request from the monitoring control system 11 (see FIG. 1) or the like. Next, when the plan data or the like is transmitted to the supervisory control system 11 or the like, the supervisory control system 11 or the like controls the various facilities in the power system PS (see FIG. 1) based on the plan data or the like. To perform various controls. Note that the calculation unit FN6 is realized by the CPU 101, for example.

  The plan data reading unit FN61 reads the performance data D1, the prediction data D2, the equipment data D3, the plan data D4, etc. stored in the database FN4, etc., via the control unit FN5, and supplies the data necessary for generating the plan data. get. The planning data reading unit FN61 performs data processing and processing as necessary, and transmits data to each unit via the control unit FN5.

  The initial plan area determination unit FN62 determines a plan area as an initial value based on the data related to the area that is the target of the power interchange plan transmitted from the plan data reading unit FN61. Next, the plan area generated by the initial plan area determination unit FN62 is transmitted to the optimum supply and demand plan problem generation unit FN63.

  The optimal supply and demand plan problem generation unit FN63 generates constraints and objective functions necessary for generating a power accommodation plan based on data transmitted from the plan data reading unit FN61, the initial plan area determination unit FN62, and the like. Formulate. Further, the optimum supply and demand planning problem generation unit FN63 generates an optimum supply and demand planning problem as an optimization problem. Next, the optimal supply and demand plan problem generation unit FN63 transmits data generated by formulation and the like to the optimal supply and demand plan calculation unit FN64.

  The optimum supply and demand plan calculation unit FN64 calculates the optimum supply and demand plan problem transmitted from the optimum supply and demand plan problem generation unit FN63, for example, by an optimization method such as a linear programming method or a quadratic programming method. Are generated respectively. Next, the optimum supply and demand plan calculation unit FN64 transmits the generated supply and demand plan for the planned area to the plan update determination unit FN65 or the power interchange plan calculation unit FN67.

  The plan update determination unit FN65 determines whether or not to change the plan by updating or the like based on the supply and demand plan in the plan area transmitted from the optimum supply and demand plan calculation unit FN64. For example, when the plan update determination unit FN65 determines to update the plan, the determination result is transmitted to the plan area update unit FN66. On the other hand, when the plan update determination unit FN65 determines not to update the plan, the determination result is transmitted to the power interchange plan calculation unit FN67.

  The plan area update unit FN66 changes the plan area by updating the plan area based on the determination result from the plan update determination unit FN65 and the data from the plan data reading unit FN61, and the change result is the optimum supply and demand plan problem generation unit FN63. Send to.

  The power interchange plan calculation unit FN67 calculates a plan value and the like related to power interchange based on the supply and demand plan transmitted from the optimum supply and demand plan calculation unit FN64, and outputs it.

<< 4. Example of overall processing by power interchange planning device ≫
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of overall processing by the power accommodation planning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

≪ Data input example (step S101) ≫
In step S101, the PC inputs data.

≪ Example of determination of initial plan area (step S102) ≫
In step S102, the PC determines an initial plan area. Specifically, the PC determines the plan area, the number of plan areas, and the like as initial values.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a region that is a target of a plan area determined by the power interchange planning device according to the embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, an example will be described in which the PC generates a power interchange plan for four regions, the first region E1, the second region E2, the third region E3, and the fourth region E4 as illustrated. In addition, the area is, for example, a house, a public facility, a factory and a hospital, a consumer as shown in FIG. 1, an administrative division such as a municipality, a remote island, a remote area, a supply area of an electric power company, or a combination thereof. Indicates a certain range. The region is determined based on the data and settings input in step S101.

  In addition, it is assumed that each area is interconnected by power distribution facilities such as transmission lines. Specifically, it is assumed that the first region E1 and the second region E2 are interconnected by a power transmission line L12. Similarly, it is assumed that the second area E2 and the third area E3 are interconnected by a power transmission line L23, and the third area E3 and the fourth area E4 are interconnected by a power transmission line L34.

  The PC generates a planning area by combining two or more regions or from one region.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example in which one plan area is generated by the power interchange planning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an example in which the PC generates one first planned area PE1 from the four areas shown in FIG. That is, this example is an example when the number of plan areas is determined to be “1”. As shown in the figure, the first planned area PE1 is generated so as to have four areas of a first area E1, a second area E2, a third area E3, and a fourth area E4. When the plan area is generated in this way, in the first plan area PE1, the PC maximizes the mutual power in each of the first area E1, the second area E2, the third area E3, and the fourth area E4. A flexible power plan can be generated.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example in which four plan areas are generated by the power interchange planning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows an example in which the PC generates four second planned areas PE2, third planned area PE3, fourth planned area PE4, and fifth planned area PE5 from the four areas shown in FIG. That is, this example is an example when the number of plan areas is determined to be “4”. As shown in the figure, the second planned area PE2 is generated so as to have a first area E1. Similarly, the third plan area PE3 has the second region E2, the fourth plan area PE4 has the third region E3, and the fifth plan area PE5 has the fourth region E4. Each is generated. When each plan area is generated in this way, the PC can generate a power interchange plan in which power is not interchanged between the plan areas.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example in which two plan areas are generated by the power interchange planning device according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 shows an example in which the PC generates four sixth planned areas PE6 and seventh planned areas PE7 from the four regions shown in FIG. That is, this example is an example when the number of plan areas is determined to be “2”. As illustrated, the sixth planned area PE6 is generated so as to have a first area E1 and a second area E2. Similarly, the seventh planned area PE7 is generated so as to have a third area E3 and a fourth area E4. In this example, for example, an area where power is interchanged when a certain constraint condition is satisfied, or an area where there is no particular constraint condition and where power is interchanged, and no power interchange is performed when a certain constraint condition is met. This is an example of a power interchange plan that is generated when a region or a region where there is no restriction condition and where power is not interchanged coexists.

  Note that the plan area generated by the PC is not limited to the plan area as shown in FIGS. For example, the target area is not limited to four, and may be other numbers. Further, the PC may generate other planning areas or other numbers of planning areas other than those shown in any of FIGS.

≪ Example of generation of optimal supply and demand planning problem (step S103) ≫
Returning to FIG. 4, in step S103, the PC generates an optimal supply and demand planning problem. Specifically, the PC generates an optimal supply and demand planning problem as an optimization problem by formulating an objective function and constraint conditions for each planning area generated in step S102 and the like.

  The objective function is a function that formulates a predetermined problem. For example, the objective function is a function formulated by optimizing the case where the cost for generating electricity or the amount of carbon dioxide emission is minimized. Hereinafter, an objective function that minimizes cost will be described as an example.

  The objective function that minimizes the cost is formulated, for example, as shown in the following equation (1).

In the above formula (1), in the power system PS (see FIG. 1), “Object” means that each power generation facility PW generated by each power generation facility PW when each power generation facility PW (see FIG. 1) of the power system PS generates power. An objective function related to the total cost is shown. Further, in the above formula (1), the power generation facility PW identified by the power generation facility number i uses the fuel used for power generation as fuel consumption F _{i, t at} time t, and the fuel consumption per unit used for power generation. The variable cost FC _i such as the cost is assumed. Furthermore, in the above equation (1), a fixed cost such as a start-up cost for starting the power generation facility PW of the power generation facility number i at time t is SUC _i .

  The power generation facility number i is set for the power generation facility PW to be activated, and “I” indicates the number of power generation facilities PW to be activated. Similarly, the time t is set for starting the power generation facility PW, and “T” indicates the total number of time units for starting the power generation facility PW.

  The constraint conditions are actual data D1 (see FIG. 3), forecast data D2 (see FIG. 3), and facility data D3 (see FIG. 3) generated based on constraints related to the balance of supply and demand, constraints according to characteristics of various facilities, and the like. Etc.) For example, the constraint condition indicating the constraint on the balance between supply and demand is formulated as shown in the following formula (2).

  In the above equation (2), the left side indicates the total power generated by the power generation facility PW identified by the power generation facility number i at time t. On the other hand, in the above equation (2), the right side represents the power generated by the power generation facility PW included in each plan area from the demand forecast value indicating the power expected to be consumed in each plan area obtained from the actual data D1 and the like. Subtracted value. In addition, when the power generation equipment PW which each plan area has is controllable power generation facilities, such as thermal power generation, it becomes a plan value of the electric power which starts each power generation equipment and generates electric power. On the other hand, since the power generation facility PW uses renewable energy or the like, it may be a power generation facility that is not controllable. When the power generation facility PW included in each plan area is a non-controllable power generation facility such as solar power generation, the predicted value of power generated from each power generation facility is predicted based on weather data or the like. Furthermore, in the case of having the power storage facility ST (see FIG. 1) as in the third consumer CS3 shown in FIG. 1, the power discharged from the power storage facility ST may be further added as a planned value.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a demand prediction value, a power generation prediction value, and a supply prediction value in an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 9, the first graph GR1 indicates a demand prediction value, the second graph GR2 indicates a power generation prediction value, and the third graph GR3 indicates a supply prediction value. For example, the demand forecast value indicated by the first graph GR1 indicates the power consumed in each plan area obtained when formulating the above equation (2) with respect to time t.

  The predicted power generation value indicated by the second graph GR2 indicates the total of the planned value and the predicted value of the power generated in each planned area, which is obtained when formulating the above equation (2). In addition, when each plan area has power storage equipment, the planned power generation value shown in the second graph GR2 is further added.

  The supply prediction value indicated by the third graph GR3 indicates, for example, a value obtained by subtracting the demand prediction value indicated by the first graph GR1 from the demand prediction value indicated by the first graph GR1.

  Further, the constraint condition is determined by the facility data D3 (see FIG. 3) or the like for the facility. For example, the power generation facility PW is a thermal power generation facility. Thermal power generation facilities depend on specifications, etc., depending on the specifications, etc., rated power generation, power generation upper limit, power generation lower limit, power generation change upper limit, reserve power, fuel consumption characteristics, fuel used, minimum continuous stop time, minimum continuous operation time Etc. are determined. Hereinafter, examples of the constraint conditions related to the power generation facility will be described.

  The following formula (3) is an example of a formula showing the fuel cost characteristics of the thermal power generation facility. That is, the following formula (3) is an example in which the constraint condition related to the fuel cost characteristic of the thermal power generation facility is formulated.

In the above formula (3), the same variables as those in the above formula (1) and the above formula (2) indicate the same contents, and description thereof is omitted. In the above equation (3) _, af, _bf, and _cf are coefficients indicating characteristics of fuel consumption of the power generation facility PW specified by the power generation facility number i. Further, in the above equation (3), the variable u _{i, t} is a variable indicating the start and stop state of the power generation facility PW identified by the power generation facility number i at the time t, and the variable u _{i, t} includes “ “0” or “1” is input. The above equation (3) is an example of expressing the fuel cost characteristic of the thermal power generation facility by a quadratic function. However, the equation indicating the fuel cost characteristic of the thermal power generation facility is limited to the equation shown by the above formula (3). Alternatively, a linear expression or the like may be used.

  The following formula (4) is an example of a formula indicating characteristics relating to power generation by the thermal power generation facility. That is, the following formula (4) is an example in which the constraint condition related to power generation by the thermal power generation facility is formulated.

  That is, the power generation amount by each power generation facility PW is planned to be any value between the upper limit value of the power generation amount determined by the above equation (4) and the lower limit value of the power generation amount.

  The following formula (5) is an example of a formula indicating characteristics relating to the amount of change in power generation of the thermal power generation facility. The amount of increase in power generation per unit time (hereinafter referred to as “upward side”) and the amount of decrease in power generation per unit time (hereinafter referred to as “downward side”) depending on the specifications of thermal power generation facilities, etc. The value is determined. That is, the following formula (5) is an example in which the constraint condition of the upper limit on the raising side and the upper limit on the lowering side is formulated.

  That is, the amount of change in power generation by each power generation facility PW is planned to be any value between the upper limit value on the raising side and the lower limit value on the lowering side determined by the above equation (5).

  The following formula (6) is an example of a formula indicating the minimum continuous stop time of the thermal power generation facility. That is, the following formula (6) is an example in which the constraint condition related to the minimum continuous stop time of the thermal power generation facility is formulated.

  That is, the time during which each power generation facility PW stops is planned to be longer than the minimum continuous stop time determined by the above equation (6).

  The following formula (7) is an example of a formula indicating the minimum continuous operation time of the thermal power generation facility. That is, the following formula (7) is an example in which the constraint condition related to the minimum continuous operation time of the thermal power generation facility is formulated.

  That is, the time for generating each power generation facility PW is planned to be longer than the minimum continuous operation time determined by the above equation (7).

  Further, when the planned area has the power storage facility ST (see FIG. 1), the rated capacity, the rated output related to charging and discharging, the efficiency of charging and discharging, the maximum and the minimum power storage rate or the power storage depending on the specifications of the power storage facility ST The target value of rate is determined. Hereinafter, examples of constraint conditions related to the power storage facility will be described.

  The following formula (8) is an example of a formula indicating the power storage rate of the power storage facility. That is, the following formula (8) is an example in which the constraint condition related to the power storage rate of the power storage facility is formulated.

  In the above formula (8), it is assumed that the power storage facility ST is specified by the power storage facility number j. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the power storage facility number j is a number that can identify the power storage facility ST.

  The following formula (9) is an example of a formula showing restrictions on charging by the power storage facility. That is, the following formula (9) is an example in which the constraint conditions related to charging by the power storage facility are formulated.

  That is, the charge amount by each power storage facility ST is planned to be smaller than the upper limit value of the charge amount determined by the above equation (9).

  The following formula (10) is an example of a formula showing restrictions on discharge by the power storage facility. That is, the following formula (10) is an example in which the constraint condition related to the discharge by the power storage facility is formulated.

  That is, the discharge amount by each power storage facility ST is planned to be smaller than the upper limit value of the discharge amount determined by the above equation (10).

  In addition, when power is interchanged between regions or between customers in the planned area, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, power distribution facilities such as transmission lines are used for power interchange. It is done. Accordingly, there may be a case where a constraint condition related to the power distribution facility is defined as the constraint condition. Hereinafter, examples of constraint conditions related to the power distribution facility will be described.

  The following expression (11) is an example of an expression indicating a constraint relating to the power flow. That is, the following formula (11) is an example in which the constraint conditions related to the power distribution facility are formulated.

  In the power distribution facility, the amount of power that can be flown, that is, the tidal flow rate is determined. That is, the power flow value of each power distribution facility is planned to be smaller than the upper limit value of the power flow determined by the above equation (11). Further, the power flow value of each power distribution facility is planned to be larger than the lower limit value of the power flow determined by the above equation (11).

  Note that a step size of 1 MW unit or the like may be determined for the power flow value of each power distribution facility. Further, the power flow value of each power distribution facility may be set to “0” so that power is not interchanged between regions or between customers.

  Each constraint condition is not limited to the condition indicated by the above formula, and other constraint conditions may be formulated to define the constraint condition.

  In addition, when considering the constraints of power distribution facilities in the generation of the optimal supply and demand planning problem, the constraints related to the power flow are formulated in terms of the formula (2) above for each region. To be determined. On the other hand, when the constraint condition of the power distribution facility can be ignored, the constraint condition of the power distribution facility represented by the above formula (2) or the like may be summarized. For example, if the restrictions on power distribution facilities can be ignored in all areas of the plan area, the restrictions on power distribution facilities are shown by one formula regardless of the number of areas of the plan area, etc. Also good.

  The optimal supply and demand planning problem is generated by combining the above constraints. Therefore, the optimization problem due to the optimal supply and demand planning problem takes longer to calculate as the number of expressions and variables indicating the above-described constraint conditions increases. On the other hand, in order to shorten the calculation time, that is, reduce the so-called calculation cost, the PC has some restrictions in generating the optimal supply and demand planning problem according to the required calculation time or the degree of the planning result. You may ignore the conditions and reduce the scale of the optimal supply and demand planning problem. In order to reduce the scale of the optimal supply and demand planning problem, the PC may substitute values for some variables.

  In addition, each value relating to the constraint condition may be changed in consideration of changes such as day and night or season.

  For example, when there is a facility that can determine the plan without calculating the optimum supply and demand plan, the PC fixes the plan for starting or stopping the facility for each facility or time.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a fixed example of a plan for starting or stopping equipment by the power interchange planning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10A is an example in which the demand is predicted as shown in FIG. 9 and the demand prediction value is shown by the first graph GR1. In this example, there are a first generator G1, a second generator G2, and a third generator G3 as the power generation equipment PW, and each generator is started or stopped every time so that a demand predicted value can be generated. To be planned.

  For example, at the first time T1, in order to generate the demand predicted value indicated by the first graph GR1, the first generator G1 and the second generator G2 need to be activated. Therefore, at the first time T1, the first generator G1 and the second generator G2 are planned to start up so that the first generator G1 and the second generator G2 can generate power.

  Similarly, at the second time T2 when the demand forecast value is larger than the first time T1, in order to generate the demand forecast value indicated by the first graph GR1, the first generator G1, the second generator G2, and the third This is an example in which the generator G3 needs to be activated. Accordingly, at the second time T2, the first generator G1, the second generator G2, and the third generator G3 are activated so that the first generator G1, the second generator G2, and the third generator G3 can generate power. Planned to do each.

  On the other hand, in order to reduce the scale of the optimal supply and demand planning problem, as shown in FIG. 10B, the PC fixes a part of the plans for starting or stopping the equipment. For example, the first plan H1 is an example that is fixed by “activation”. Similarly, the second plan H2 is an example of being fixed at “stop”. In this example, plans other than the first plan H1 and the second plan H2 are to be calculated for the optimal supply and demand plan. Therefore, the PC reduces the calculation target of the optimal supply and demand planning problem by excluding the fixed plan, such as the first plan H1 and the second plan H2, etc., and takes the optimal supply and demand planning problem. Calculation cost can be reduced.

≪ Calculation example of optimum supply and demand plan in each plan area (step S104) ≫
Returning to FIG. 4, in step S <b> 104, the PC calculates an optimum supply and demand plan for each plan area. Specifically, the PC solves the optimum supply and demand planning problem generated in step S103 and calculates the optimum supply and demand plan. When the optimum supply and demand plan is calculated, for example, the start / stop state of the power generation equipment that has not been planned, the power generation amount, the charge amount of the power storage facility, the discharge amount of the power storage facility, and the like are determined.

<< Judgment example of whether there are a plurality of plan areas (step S105) >>
In step S105, the PC determines whether there are a plurality of planning areas. That is, if there is one plan area as in the first plan area PE1 shown in FIG. 6, there is no plan area for accommodating power, so the plan area is changed as a subsequent process depending on the number of plan areas. Determine whether or not.

  If it is determined that there are a plurality of plan areas (YES in step S105), the PC proceeds to step S106. On the other hand, if it is determined that there are not a plurality of plan areas (NO in step S105), the PC proceeds to step S109.

<< Example of determining whether or not to change the plan (step S106) >>
In step S106, the PC determines whether to change the plan. The determination is made based on the calculation result of the optimal supply and demand plan. Further, the change of the plan is, for example, updating a plan that is not allowed for power interchange in the optimum supply and demand plan problem so that the power interchange is performed. Specifically, based on the calculation results, at least one of the adjacent planning areas is a planning area that requires power accommodation (hereinafter referred to as “power accommodation necessary planning area”), and the other is power. In the case of a plan area that can be accommodated (hereinafter referred to as a “power interchangeable plan area”), the PC determines to change the plan. Further, based on the calculation result, the PC determines that the plan is to be changed even when both of the adjacent plan areas are both plan areas requiring power interchange.

  The necessary area for power interchange is, for example, a plan area in which the supply amount obtained by the calculation result is different from the demand amount by a greater or lesser amount. In this case, there is often an imbalance in the supply and demand such that there is no solution or the power generation plan by the power generation facility has a value other than 0.

  The power interchangeable plan area is, for example, a plan area in which the supply amount obtained from the calculation result has the same value as the demand amount and has the potential to allow power interchange with other plan areas. Specifically, the power interchangeable plan area may be a plan area having a power generation facility planned to be “stopped” in FIG. Furthermore, the planned area where power can be accommodated may be a planned area having a storage facility capable of discharging.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of determining whether or not to change the plan by the power accommodation planning device according to the embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 8, an example in which there are two plan areas, a sixth plan area PE6 and a seventh plan area PE7, will be described.

  As shown in “No. 1 to No. 16”, when both the sixth plan area PE6 and the seventh plan area PE7 have the same amount of demand and the same amount of supply and supply and demand balance, Regardless of the potential for accommodation, the PC determines not to change the plan.

  In addition, as shown in “No. 17 to No. 32”, supply and demand imbalance has occurred in either of the sixth plan area PE6 and the seventh plan area PE7, and the other is the demand amount and the supply amount. Are equal and the supply and demand balance is balanced, the PC determines that the plan is to be changed only if the power interchangeable area has potential in the direction of eliminating the supply and demand imbalance in the plan area requiring power interchange. Otherwise, it is determined not to change.

  On the other hand, in “No. 33 to No. 36”, when the supply and demand imbalance occurs in both the sixth planned area PE6 and the seventh planned area PE7, the supply and demand imbalance occurrence direction of both areas is On the other hand, if the power supply / demand imbalance can be resolved by the power interchange, the PC determines that the plan is changed, and the direction of supply / demand imbalance occurrence in both areas is the same. If the supply / demand imbalance cannot be resolved, it is determined not to change.

  Note that the determination shown in FIG. 8 is an example, and the determination algorithm can be selected and changed.

  Moreover, the setting which transmits electric power to another area and receives electric power from another area, that is, permits or prohibits electric power interchange may be performed. For example, prohibition is set when various facilities are under construction in a certain area, or when an administrator or the like desires not to exchange power with another area in a predetermined time zone. On the other hand, permission is set when power is exchanged with other regions. The determination in step S106 may reflect these settings. The setting may be set in a plan area, a unit of a plurality of regions, or a unit of power distribution equipment.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of determining whether or not to change the plan reflecting the setting made by the power interchange planning apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 shows an example in which there are two plan areas, a sixth plan area PE6 and a seventh plan area PE7, as in FIG. In FIG. 12, when the determination of FIG. 11 is “change” and when both the areas included in the sixth plan area PE6 and the seventh plan area PE7 are set to “permitted”, “No. As in “5”, the PC determines to change. On the other hand, when the determination of FIG. 11 is “not changed”, the PC determines that the change is not made, as in “No. 1 to No. 4”.

  Further, even when the determination of FIG. 11 is “change” as in “No. 6”, “No. 7”, and “No. 8”, the sixth planned area PE6 and the seventh planned area PE7. If any of the regions included in the item is set to “prohibited”, the PC reflects the setting of “prohibited” and determines that it will not be changed. In this case, even if there is an area where power interchange is required, the setting to prohibit power interchange is reflected. Therefore, the PC can perform power interchange from the area where power interchange is set to “prohibited”. A power interchange plan can be generated so that there is no such thing.

  In addition, as a setting, a priority order for power accommodation may be further set. When the priority order is set, the PC can first change the plan area to perform power interchange with the plan area having a higher priority order. In addition, as a setting, priority may be given to giving priority to shutting off load equipment or stopping power generation equipment over power interchange. If priority is given to stopping the power generation equipment, for example, if the PC is in a plan area where power can be accommodated, the PC will stop any power generation equipment in the plan area before allowing power accommodation. You can plan to do. Moreover, when performing power accommodation, the setting which restrict | limits the path | route etc. which perform electricity accommodation may be performed. Furthermore, when specific conditions are satisfied, settings such as power interchange may be performed.

  Furthermore, various settings may be performed in predetermined time units. For example, a prohibition setting is made so as not to allow power interchange to other areas in a time zone when the power rate is high, and a permission setting is set so as to allow power accommodation to another region in a time zone where the power rate is low. Done. As described above, when the setting is performed in a predetermined time unit such as a time zone, the cost can be reduced.

  When the setting for permitting or prohibiting the power interchange is performed, the wishes of the manager and the like are reflected in the power interchange plan, and a flexible power interchange plan can be generated.

<< Judgment example of whether to change the plan area (step S107) >>
Returning to FIG. 4, in step S107, the PC determines whether or not to change the plan area. Specifically, based on the determination result of step S106, the PC determines whether to change the plan area. That is, if the determination result in step S106 is “change” (YES in step S107), the PC proceeds to step S108. On the other hand, when the determination result in step S106 is “not changed” (NO in step S107), the PC proceeds to step S109.

≪ Example of plan area change (step S108) ≫
In step S108, the PC changes the plan area. For example, the plan area is changed by updating the plan area required for power interchange and the plan area capable of power interchange into one plan area. When the planned area for power interchange and the plan area that allows power interchange are combined into one plan area, part of the power in the plan area for power interchange is accommodated in the required area for power interchange. It may become balanced. Next, when the plan area is changed, the PC calculates an optimal supply and demand plan for the plan area that has become new due to the change (step S103 and the like).

  The change of the plan area may be a change in which three or more plan areas are set as one plan area.

≪ Output example of optimal supply and demand planning problem in each planning area (step S109) ≫
In step S109, the PC outputs an optimal supply and demand planning problem for each planning area. Specifically, in step S109, the PC outputs the latest calculation result among the calculation results for the optimum supply and demand planning problem in each plan area calculated in step S104. Further, the PC may store the latest calculation result in the database FN4 (see FIG. 3) or the like.

≪ Calculation example of power interchange plan (step S110) ≫
In step S110, the PC calculates a power accommodation plan. Specifically, based on the optimal supply and demand planning problem and the like of each plan area output in step S109, the PC calculates a plan value for power interchange performed between each region or each customer.

≪ Output example of power interchange plan (step S111) ≫
In step S111, the PC outputs a power accommodation plan. Specifically, the PC outputs the calculation result of step S110. Further, the PC may store the power accommodation plan in the database FN4 or the like. Further, the PC may output the data by comparing the data with the past calculation results or the like or the calculation results of the optimum supply and demand plan when the power interchange is not performed.

  In the generation of a power interchange plan, the PC has a power interchange necessary plan area that requires power interchange, such as a shortage of power, as in step S106 shown in FIG. In some cases, the PC decides to change the plan. Next, based on this determination, the PC changes the plan area so that power can be accommodated from the power interchangeable plan area to the power interchange necessary plan area, as in step S108 shown in FIG. Thus, when power accommodation is performed, power is sent from the power accommodation possible planning area to the power accommodation necessary planning area. Therefore, when the plan area is changed, power is accommodated from the power interchangeable plan area to the power interchange necessary plan area, and the PC can generate a power interchange plan that can solve the power shortage in the power interchange necessary plan area. That is, the PC can generate a power interchange plan so that the power interchange necessary plan area where power is insufficient is reduced.

  Note that all or a part of each processing according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a low-level language such as a machine language or an assembler, a high-level language such as C language, Java (registered trademark), or an object-oriented programming language, or these. It may be realized by a program for causing a computer described in combination to be executed. That is, the program is a computer program for causing a computer such as an information processing apparatus to execute each process.

  The program can be stored and distributed in a computer-readable recording medium such as ROM or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM). Furthermore, the recording medium may be an EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), a flash memory, a flexible disk, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM or a Blu-ray disk, an SD (registered trademark) card, or an MO. Furthermore, the program can be distributed through a telecommunication line.

  Further, all or a part of each process according to an embodiment of the present invention may be performed in parallel, distributed, redundant, or a combination of all or part of the process by a power interchange planning system including one or more information processing apparatuses. May be processed.

  Moreover, each process which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is not restricted to the order shown in figure. For example, some or all of the processes may be processed in different orders, in parallel, distributed, or omitted.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications or changes can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims. Is possible.

10 PC
PE1 1st plan area PE2 2nd plan area PE3 3rd plan area PE4 4th plan area PE5 5th plan area PE6 6th plan area PE7 7th plan area

Claims (8)

A power interchange planning device for generating a power interchange plan,
A determination unit that determines a plan area by combining two or more regions or from one region;
A calculation unit that calculates an objective function that formulates a predetermined problem relating to the planning area;
In the calculation of the objective function, the demand amount consumed in the plan area and the supply amount obtained by subtracting the power generation amount generated in the plan area from the demand amount are calculated for each plan area, and the plan When it is determined that there is a power interchange required plan area that is a plan area that requires power interchange among the areas, and that there is a power interchangeable plan area that is a plan area capable of power interchange among the plan areas, A power interchange planning apparatus including a changing unit that changes the plan area.   The power interchange planning apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a setting unit configured to permit or prohibit power interchange between the region and another region.   The power interchange planning apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the change unit performs the change when there is the power interchangeable plan area in which the permission is set.   The power interchange plan according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the predetermined problem is minimization of a cost for generating power in the plan area or minimization of an amount of oxygen dioxide generated from the plan area. apparatus. The calculation unit has constraints on the calculation of the objective function,
5. The power interchange plan according to claim 1, wherein the constraint condition is a constraint relating to a power generation facility included in the plan area, a power storage facility included in the plan area, or a power distribution facility included in the plan area. apparatus.   The power interchange planning device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the changing unit changes the plan area so that the power interchange necessary plan area and the power interchangeable plan area are combined.   The power supply planning device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the supply amount is a predicted value, a planned value, or a combination of power generated by power generation facilities included in a planned area. A program for causing a computer that generates a power interchange plan to be executed,
A determination procedure in which the computer determines a planning area by combining two or more regions or from one region;
A calculation procedure for calculating an objective function in which the computer formulates a predetermined problem relating to the planning area;
In the calculation of the objective function, the computer calculates a demand amount consumed in the plan area and a supply amount obtained by subtracting a power generation amount generated in the plan area from the demand amount, for each plan area. Among the plan areas, there is a power interchange required plan area that is a plan area that requires power interchange, and among the plan areas, there is a power interchangeable plan area that is a plan area that allows power interchange. A program for executing the change procedure for changing the plan area.

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