WO2013053257A1 - 一种风能采集装置及其风力发电系统 - Google Patents

一种风能采集装置及其风力发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013053257A1
WO2013053257A1 PCT/CN2012/079160 CN2012079160W WO2013053257A1 WO 2013053257 A1 WO2013053257 A1 WO 2013053257A1 CN 2012079160 W CN2012079160 W CN 2012079160W WO 2013053257 A1 WO2013053257 A1 WO 2013053257A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
water
turbine
wind energy
pressure water
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/079160
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱永波
Original Assignee
Zhu Yongbo
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhu Yongbo filed Critical Zhu Yongbo
Publication of WO2013053257A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013053257A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/02—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/18—Air and water being simultaneously used as working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F05B2240/241—Rotors for turbines of impulse type
    • F05B2240/2411—Pelton type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/406—Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind power plant, and more particularly to a wind energy harvesting device and a wind power generation system therefor. Background technique
  • Wind power is one of the most important ways for the world to access energy. As the earth's resources are exhausted, the cost of getting energy is getting higher and higher. However, wind is a product of the natural light produced by the sun illuminating the earth, and wind energy is strictly a product of solar energy. Wind energy is safe, clean, and resource-rich. The most important thing is that wind energy is a permanent and abundant local resource that can provide us with a long-term stable energy supply. It has no raw material risks, no fuel price risk, and no carbon emissions. Although the advantages of wind power generation are many, due to the limitations of power generation equipment, wind power generation cannot be widely used, and the power generation efficiency is not high due to various defects of the power generation system, and the equipment cost is large. At present, as long as the existing wind power generation equipment has the following problems:
  • variable flow pump is used to control the output flow, or various units are arranged in the hydraulic conveying pipeline.
  • the hydraulic function element controls the pressure and flow rate of the transport fluid to meet the requirements of the optimum tip speed ratio. Although it barely meets the tip speed ratio requirement, it also causes the energy loss during the transfer process. Increase, increase energy consumption, and generate less electricity.
  • the traditional wind turbine has a short transmission chain and is rigid enough. When the wind speed is abrupt, it will cause accidental impact damage to the mechanical parts, and the fatigue damage of the parts early, greatly reducing the overall service life of the system. Summary of the invention
  • the invention provides a wind energy collecting device and a wind power generating system thereof.
  • the wind energy collecting device has a reasonable design and a simple structure, and is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of wind energy; the volume of the water pump of the wind power generation system and the nozzle of the water turbine are both quantitative, ensuring
  • the total drag coefficient of the entire hydraulic drive system is constant, so that the ratio of the rotational speed of the drive shaft to the wind speed is constant, that is, the tip speed ratio of the blade is constant, and the wind turbine's conversion efficiency to wind energy corresponds to different wind speeds. Can reach the highest value.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a wind energy collecting device, comprising a cylindrical or frame type tower body standing on the ground, wherein: the top of the tower body is installed back to back with two independent running water pumps, two A wind turbine is mounted at each end of the drive shaft of the water pump, the two wind turbines rotating in opposite directions (the blade angle of attack is opposite).
  • the water pump is a low speed piston pump including a drive shaft, a cam mounted on the drive shaft, and a plurality of axially and radially disposed plungers along the drive shaft, the plunger being driven by the cam It can make reciprocating linear motion in the respective cylinders, and the cylinder body is equipped with a low pressure water inlet check valve and a high pressure water outlet check valve.
  • the above pump is a metering pump.
  • the top end of the tower body is provided with a mounting platform that can be yawed about the center of rotation of the tower body.
  • the mounting platform is a controlled yaw rotating platform, and the two water pumps are fixed on the upper side of the mounting platform.
  • the high-pressure water outlet check valve on the cylinder block of the low-speed piston pump is connected to the high-pressure water outlet, and all the high-pressure water outlets pass through a certain level of convergence, and finally merge into a manifold
  • the floating connection sleeve includes The outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are rotated relative to each other, and a sealing ring is arranged between the inner and outer sleeves.
  • the inner and outer sleeves cooperate to form a floating hollow pipe, and the confluent main pipe is fixedly connected with the inner sleeve of the rotatable floating connecting sleeve.
  • the outer casing of the floating connecting sleeve is fixed at an upper end portion of the high-pressure water conveying pipe, and the high-pressure water conveying pipe is disposed in the tower body and is directly connected to the ground.
  • a wind power generation system comprising a certain number of wind energy collecting devices uniformly distributed in a wind farm, characterized by: a high voltage delivered from the high pressure water pipeline of each wind energy collecting device to the ground Water flow, after high pressure transmission through the confluence
  • the water main pipe is provided with a nozzle at the end of the high-pressure water main pipe, and the high-pressure water flow is injected from the nozzle to drive the water turbine to rotate, and the water turbine drives the generator to generate electric energy.
  • the above nozzle is a dosing nozzle.
  • the pressure control and flow rate control elements are not provided in the above high pressure water supply pipeline system, and the water outlet of the turbine is connected to the low pressure water inlet of the water pump of each wind energy collection device step by step through the low pressure return line.
  • the water outlet of the turbine is open, that is, open to the atmosphere, and the low pressure return pipe is provided with a suction assisted return pump.
  • the medium of the entire system is not limited to water, but may be other forms of liquid fluid.
  • the angle of attack of the blades on the two wind turbines on the wind energy collecting device is opposite, and the steering is reversed.
  • the upper wind direction wind turbine is equivalent to the vane to the downwind turbine, gp: the wind is from the top. After the wind turbine exits, the reverse spiral motion occurs, and its speed decreases (the basic theory of wind - eddy current theory), but this spiral effect improves the wind energy conversion efficiency of the downwind turbine. It can also be said that the wind sweep area is not In the case of a change, the cooperation of the two wind turbines can approach the limit of the wind energy conversion efficiency.
  • this patent can significantly reduce certain basic components and Cost of configuration of auxiliary facilities (such as foundation, tower body, yaw system, platform, engine room, transportation, installation, etc.).
  • the ratio of the jet velocity of the nozzle of the turbine nozzle to the rotational speed of the drive shaft of the plunger pump is constant, and the ratio of the wind speed to the wind speed is constant; the ratio of the wind pressure acting on the blade to the water pressure in the duct is constant; The ratio of the wind energy in the wind turbine blade sweeping surface to the water energy emitted by the turbine nozzle is constant; the corresponding physical properties of the two groups are only the density of the medium. That is to say, how fast the wind speed of the wind field is, how fast the wind turbine rotates, is adaptive without intervention, which means that the tip speed ratio of the blades of the wind turbine is constant corresponding to different wind speeds; The conversion efficiency of the blades of the turbine to wind energy can reach the highest value for different wind speeds.
  • the overall efficiency of the entire system from the input of wind energy from the wind turbine to the water output of the nozzle of the turbine is constant, that is, the blade wind energy capture efficiency, the mechanical efficiency of the low speed piston pump, and the hydraulic transmission efficiency are constant.
  • the total efficiency does not change as the wind speed changes.
  • the tip speed ratio is optimal, and the highest wind energy capture efficiency is achieved.
  • This patent has unparalleled advantages.
  • the variable flow pump is used to control the output flow, or various types are provided in the hydraulic conveying pipeline.
  • This patent has the advantage of being simple and fully adaptive in that various hydraulic functional components control the pressure and flow rate of the transport fluid to meet the optimum tip speed ratio requirements.
  • the traditional wind turbine has a short transmission chain and a rigid foot.
  • the system adopts hydraulic transmission, the transmission chain is long, and the rigidity is weak. In the face of this sudden wind, it only propagates in the form of waves in the hydraulic transmission system, the momentary movement becomes soft, and the impact on the mechanical parts is greatly reduced, and the system is improved. The service life.
  • DRAWINGS 1 is a schematic perspective view of a wind energy collecting device.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional structural view of a wind energy collecting device.
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the water pump.
  • Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the floating coupling sleeve.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a wind power generation system.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the mounting structure of the nozzle and the water turbine.
  • the wind energy collecting device of the present invention comprises a cylindrical or frame type tower body 1 standing on the ground, wherein: the top of the tower body 1 is mounted back to back with two independently operated water pumps 2, two water pumps 2 A wind turbine 3 is mounted at each end of the drive shaft, and the two wind turbines 3 are rotated in opposite directions (the blade angle of attack is opposite).
  • the water pump 2 is a low speed piston pump, and the low speed piston pump includes a driving shaft 2-1, a cam 2-2 mounted on the drive shaft and a plurality of plungers 2-3 arranged axially and radially along the drive shaft, the plungers 2-3 being driven by cams 2-2 to enable them in respective A reciprocating linear motion is performed in the cylinder block 2-4, and the cylinder block 2-4 is mounted with a low pressure water inlet check valve 2-5 and a high pressure water outlet check valve 2-6.
  • the above pump is a metering pump.
  • the top end of the tower body is provided with a mounting platform 4 which is yawable about the center of rotation of the tower body.
  • the mounting platform 4 is a controlled yaw rotating platform, and the two water pumps are fixed on the upper side of the mounting platform 4.
  • the high-pressure water outlets on all the cylinders 2-4 on the two low-speed piston pumps pass through a certain level of convergence, and finally merge into a manifold manifold 6, which includes a relative 360-degree rotation.
  • the outer sleeve 5-2 and the inner sleeve 5-2 are provided with a sealing ring 5-3 between the inner and outer sleeves, and the inner and outer sleeves cooperate to form a floating hollow duct, and the confluent manifold 6 and the rotatable floating connecting sleeve 5
  • the inner sleeve 5-2 is fixedly connected, and the outer casing 5-1 of the floating connecting sleeve is fixed at the upper end portion of the high-pressure water delivery pipe 7, and the high-pressure water delivery pipe 7 is disposed in the tower body and is directly connected to the ground.
  • a wind power generation system comprising a certain number of wind energy collecting devices 10 uniformly distributed in a wind farm, characterized by: a high pressure water delivery pipe 7 from each wind energy collecting device 10
  • the high-pressure water stream sent to the ground is sent to the power plant through the high-pressure water main pipe 11 after being merged, and the nozzle 12 is fixedly disposed at the end of the high-pressure water main pipe 11 located in the power plant, and the high-speed water jetted from the nozzle 12 drives the water turbine. 13 rotating, the turbine 13 drives the generator 14 to generate electrical energy.
  • the above nozzle 12 is a dosing nozzle.
  • No pressure control and flow rate control elements are provided in the above high pressure water delivery pipeline system,
  • the water outlet of the water turbine 13 is connected stepwise to the low pressure water inlet of the water pump 2 of each wind energy collecting device 10 via a low pressure return line 15.
  • the water outlet of the turbine 13 described above is open, i.e., open to the atmosphere, and the low pressure return line 15 is provided with a suction assisted return pump.
  • the invention comprises a cylindrical or frame type tower body standing on the ground and having a certain height, and a mounting platform which can be yawed around the center of rotation of the tower body is arranged at the top of the tower; on the installation platform, along the installation platform
  • two independently operated low-speed piston pumps are installed back-to-back, that is, an upwind low-speed piston pump and a downwind low-speed piston pump, in each low-speed plunger pump.
  • each has a low-speed wind turbine.
  • the two low-speed wind turbines rotate in the opposite direction from the direction of wind flow.
  • each low-speed plunger pump a certain number of plungers are arranged along the axial direction and the radial direction of the driving shaft, and the plungers are respectively restrained in the respective cylinders, and can only be reciprocating linear motion, fixed in The check valve on the cylinder controls that water can only be drawn into the cylinder from the low pressure side and discharged from the high pressure side into the high pressure outlet pipe.
  • the reciprocating motion of the plunger is driven by a cam mounted on the drive shaft.
  • the high-pressure water outlets on all the cylinders of the two low-speed piston pumps pass through a certain level of confluence, and finally merge into a confluence manifold, which is fixedly connected with the outer casing of the rotatable floating connection sleeve, and the floating connection sleeve includes
  • the casing and the inner sleeve can be rotated relative to 360 degrees, and a sealing ring is arranged between the inner and outer jackets.
  • the inner and outer jackets form a floating hollow pipe, and the inner sleeve of the floating connecting sleeve is fixed at the upper end of the high-pressure water conveying pipe, and the high pressure
  • the water pipeline is arranged inside the tower body, and is directly connected to the ground, and the floating connection sleeve
  • the center of rotation coincides with the center of rotation of the mounting platform. Therefore, when the installation platform is yawed, the high-pressure water flow can be continuously transmitted from the top of the tower to the ground through the high-pressure water pipeline. At this point, the completion of the capture of low-density wind energy and conversion into high-density water can be carried out.
  • the high-pressure water flow from the high-pressure water pipeline in the tower of each wind energy collecting device to the ground is passed through the high-pressure power after the convergence.
  • the water main pipe is transported into the power plant; no pressure control and flow rate control elements are installed in the entire water transfer pipe system, and a certain number of fixed nozzle nozzles are fixedly disposed at the end of the high pressure water transfer main pipe.
  • the flow of water ejected from the nozzle drives the turbine to rotate, and the turbine drives the generator to generate electrical energy.
  • an economic wind speed (which is lower than the wind turbine rated output wind speed) is selectively set, and then, each of the power plants will be connected.
  • the typhoon energy collection device is arithmetically accumulated according to the output power (less than the rated power) corresponding to the economic wind speed, and selects the economical total installed capacity of the turbine, the generator, the control system and other ancillary facilities.
  • the individual wind energy collecting devices are arranged to selectively exit, ensuring that the system can also generate electricity at high wind speeds.
  • the low-pressure water from the turbine outlet is recycled in the system and finally delivered to the low-speed piston pump at the top of the tower through the low-pressure water pipeline.
  • the turbine outlet can be open to the atmosphere or closed, for open It is also necessary to have a suction assist pump to lift the normal pressure water to a certain height to ensure the suction stroke requirement of the inlet of the plunger pump at the top of the tower. For closed type, this type of suction auxiliary pump is not required.
  • the medium of the whole system is not limited to water, but also other Form of liquid fluid, such as: hydraulic oil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种风能采集装置及其风力发电系统，包括立于地面的圆筒式或衔架式塔身（1），所述塔身顶端背靠背地安装有两台独立运转的水泵（2），两水泵的驱动转轴（2-1）的末端处各安装有一台风力涡轮机（3），所述两台风力涡轮机的旋转方向相反，两水泵的高压出水管路经汇流后通入高压输水总管（11），所述高压输水总管末端设置有定量喷嘴（12），从喷嘴中喷射出来的高速水流驱动水轮机（13）旋转，水轮机再驱动发电机（14）产生电能。该风能采集装置结构简单，风能利用率高。该风力发电机系统的水泵容积和水轮机的喷嘴都是定量的，确保整个水力传动系统的总阻力系数是恒定的，进而致使水泵的驱动转轴的转速与风速之比恒定，从而使风力涡轮机对风能的转换效率对应不同的风速都可以达到最高值。

Description

一种风能采集装置及其风力发电系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种风力发电设备，尤其是一种风能采集装置及其风 力发电系统。 背景技术
风力发电是世界获取能源最重要的方式之一。随着地球的资源枯 竭， 人们获取能源的成本也越来越高。但是， 风是太阳照射地球使空 气流动自然产生的产物， 风能严格来说是太阳能的一种产物。风能安 全， 清洁， 资源丰富， 取之不竭。 最重要的是风能是一种永久性的大 量存在的本地资源， 可以为我们提供长期稳定的能源供应， 它没有原 料风险， 更没有燃料价格风险， 也不会产生碳排量。 尽管风力发电的 优点很多， 但是， 由于发电设备的局限， 使得风力发电不能得到有、 广泛的应用， 尤其是由于发电系统的种种缺陷造成的发电效率不高， 而设备成本投资大。目前，传统的风力发电设备只要存在的问题如下:
1、 传统的单涡轮风力发电机为了吸收较大的风能， 一般都是依靠加 大扫风面积来实现，这样就会导致某些基础部件与辅助设施的配置成 本 （如地基、 塔身、 偏航系统、 平台、 机舱、 运输、 安装等） 增加。 2、传统的叶片转轴转速恒定的风力发电机， 其只能保证风能转换效 率在某个风速下， 叶尖速比最优， 达到最高的风能捕捉效率。 另外， 对现有的某些专利所述的同样采用液压泵来转换风能，并通过液力传 动的风力发电系统中， 通过采用变量泵来控制输出流量， 或者在液力 输送的管道中设置各种各样的液压功能元件来控制传输流体的压力 与流速来满足最佳叶尖速比的要求，这样虽然勉强满足了叶尖速比的 要求， 但是也使得能量在传递的过程中， 沿程压力损失增加， 能耗增 加， 发电量较少。
3、 大自然的风速大小随时变化， 传统的风力发电机， 在其整个能量 的传输与转换链上，每个功能组件都需要按最高要求的参数来配置才 能满足其使用安全性要求， 但在大部分的低风速时间里， 只能小负荷 出力， 存在极大的装机资源浪费， 即年发电利用小时数（折算到满负 荷装机容量） 特别低， 只能达到一般水电站发电机组的 40%左右。
4、 传统的风力发电机， 其传动链短， 且刚性足， 当风速突变时， 会 对机械零件造成意外的冲击损伤， 零件提早出现的疲劳损坏， 大大降 低系统的整体使用寿命。 发明内容
本发明提供一种风能采集装置及其风力发电系统，该风能采集装 置设计合理、 结构简单， 有利于提高风能的利用率； 该风力发电系统 的水泵的容积和水轮机的喷嘴都是定量的，确保整个水力传动系统的 总阻力系数是恒定的， 从而得到， 水泵的驱动转轴的转速与风速之比 恒定， 即叶片的叶尖速比是恒定的， 风力涡轮机对风能的转换效率， 对应不同的风速都可以达到最高值。 本发明的技术方案在于： 一种风能采集装置， 包括立于地面上的 圆筒式或衔架式塔身， 其特征在于： 所述塔身顶端背靠背地安装有两 台独立运转的水泵，两水泵的驱动转轴的末端处各安装有一台风力涡 轮机， 所述两台风力涡轮机的旋转方向相反 （叶片攻角相反）。
上述水泵为低转速柱塞泵， 该低转速柱塞泵包括驱动转轴、 安装 在驱动转轴上的凸轮以及若干个沿驱动转轴的轴向和径向布置的柱 塞，所述柱塞由凸轮驱动，使其能够在各自的缸体内做往复直线运动， 所述缸体上安装有低压进水单向阀和高压出水单向阀。
上述水泵为定量泵。
上述塔身的顶端设置有一个可绕塔身回转中心偏航旋转的安装 平台， 所述安装平台为受控偏航旋转平台， 所述两水泵固定在安装平 台的上侧面。
上述的低转速柱塞泵上的缸体上的高压出水单向阀，连接高压出 水口， 所有的高压出水口通过一定层级的汇流， 最终汇流在一个汇流 总管中， 所述浮动连接套包括可以作相对 360度转动的外套与内套， 内、 外套之间设置有密封圈， 内、 外套配合形成了浮动的中空管道， 所述的汇流总管与可旋转的浮动连接套的内套固定连接，所述浮动连 接套的外套固定在高压输水管道的上端部，所述高压输水管道设置在 塔身内， 直通到地面。
本发明的另一技术方案在于： 一种风力发电系统， 包括均匀分布 在风电场中的一定数量的风能采集装置， 其特征在于： 从每个风能采 集装置的高压输水管道输送到地面的高压水流，经汇流后通入高压输 水总管， 所述高压输水总管末端设置有喷嘴， 高压水流从喷嘴中喷射 出来， 驱动水轮机旋转， 水轮机再驱动发电机产生电能。
上述喷嘴为定量喷嘴。
上述高压输水管道系统中不设置压力控制与流速控制元件， 所 述水轮机的出水口经低压回流管路逐级连接至每个风能采集装置的 水泵的低压进水口。
上述水轮机的出水口为敞开式， 即与大气相通， 所述低压回流管 路上设置有吸程辅助回流泵。
这里要声明的是， 整个系统的介质不局限于是水， 也可以是其他 形式的液态流体。
本发明的优点有以下几点：
1、风能采集装置上的两个风力涡轮机上的叶片攻角相反， 转向相反， 贝 |J， 上风向风力涡轮机对下风向涡轮机来说， 相当于起到了导叶的作 用， gp : 风从上风向涡轮机流出后， 产生反向螺旋运动， 其速度有所 下降（风力基本理论一-涡流理论）， 但这种螺旋作用却提高了下风向 涡轮机的风能转换效率， 也可以说在扫风面积不变的情况下， 两台风 力涡轮机的配合可以接近风能转换效率的极限。这相对于为了吸收相 同风能功率而一味依靠加大扫风面积的传统的单涡轮风力发电机（实 际风能转换效率只能达到 30%左右） 来说， 本专利可以大幅度降低某 些基础部件与辅助设施的配置成本（如地基、塔身、偏航系统、平台、 机舱、 运输、 安装等）。
2、 因采用定量柱塞泵与定量喷嘴的水轮机， 且在整个输水管道系统 内， 不装设压力控制与流速控制元件， 确保从低压进水管的吸水口到 水轮机的高压喷嘴出水口之间的整个水力传动系统内的局部阻力系 数之和与沿程阻力系数之和是恒定的， 从而得到， 水轮机喷嘴的出水 射流速度与柱塞泵的驱动转轴的转速之比恒定， 也与风速之比恒定； 作用在叶片上的风压与管道内的水压之比恒定；透过风力涡轮叶片扫 风面内的风能与水轮机喷嘴射出的水能之比恒定；二组对应的物理特 性之间只是介质的密度不同而已。也就是说风场的风速有多快， 风力 涡轮机就跟着旋转多快， 是无需干预自适应的， 这也意味着风力涡轮 机的叶片的叶尖速比， 对应不同的风速是恒定的； 即风力涡轮机的叶 片对风能的转换效率， 对应不同的风速都可以达到最高值。从风力涡 轮机的风能的输入到水轮机的喷嘴的水能输出的整个系统，其总效率 是恒定的， 即叶片风能捕捉效率、 低速柱塞泵的机械效率、 水力传动 效率三者恒定。总效率不随风速改变而改变。这与传统的叶片转轴转 速恒定的风力发电机， 其只能保证风能转换效率在某个风速下， 叶尖 速比最优， 达到最高的风能捕捉效率， 本专利具有无可比拟的优势。 另外， 对现有某些专利所述的同样采用液压泵来转换风能， 并通过液 力传动的风力发电系统中， 通过采用变量泵来控制输出流量， 或者在 液力输送的管道中设置各种各样的液压功能元件来控制传输流体的 压力与流速来满足最佳叶尖速比的要求来说，本专利具有简单与完全 自适应的优势。
3、 大自然的风速大小随时变化， 传统的风力发电机， 在其整个能量 的传输与转换链上，每个功能组件都需要按最高要求的参数来配置才 能满足其使用安全性要求， 但在大部分的低风速时间里， 只能小负荷 出力， 存在极大的装机资源浪费， 即年发电利用小时数（折算到满负 荷装机容量） 特别低， 只能达到一般水电站发电机组的 40%左右。 本 专利所述的风电场内， 将多个风力涡轮机输出的高压水集中来发电， 水轮发电机组无需按并入的风力涡轮机的额定出力功率的算术和来 配置水轮机组的总装机容量， 只需按一定的经济比例配备即可。 当风 场的风速超过预设值时，系统自动安排一定比例的风力涡轮机偏航退 出运行，这样系统在高风速区也能按照预设的满装机容量发电，同时， 高压管道上可以设置一些压力安全保护装置，来确保系统持续、安全、 稳定地工作， 又能大幅度地提高系统年发电利用小时数。
4、 传统的风力发电机， 其传动链短， 且刚性足， 当风速突变时，会 对机械零件造成意外的冲击损伤， 零件提早出现的疲劳损坏， 大大降 低系统的整体使用寿命。本系统采用水力传动，传动链长，且刚性弱， 面对这种突变风， 在水力传动系统内只以波的形式传播， 瞬动变得柔 和， 对机械零件的冲击影响大大降低， 提高系统的使用寿命。
5、 对于水电站内的机电设备， 只需选择传统的合适的水轮机， 就能 实现在宽水头（即喷嘴的出水射流速度）变化范围内， 得到高的能量 转换效率。传统的水轮机、发电机、控制系统、辅助系统， 性能可靠， 标准化程度高， 运行经验丰富， 保养维护容易， 使用寿命长等综合优 势明显。 附图说明 图 1是风能采集装置的立体结构示意图。
图 2是风能采集装置的局部剖视结构示意图。
图 3是水泵的局部剖视图。
图 4是浮动连接套的局部剖视图。
图 5是风力发电系统的结构示意图。
图 6是喷嘴和水轮机的安装结构示意图。
图中： 1 塔身， 2 水泵， 3 风力涡轮机， 4一安装平台， 5 浮动连接套， 6—汇流总管， 7—高压输水管道；
5-1 外套， 5-2 内套， 5-3—密封圈；
2-1—驱动转轴， 2-2—凸轮， 2-3 柱塞， 2-4 缸体， 2_5 低压进 水单向阀， 2-6—高压出水单向阀， 2-7—复位弹簧；
10—风能采集装置， 11一高压输水总管， 12 喷嘴， 13—水轮机， 14 一发电机， 15—低压回流管路。 具体实施方式
为让本发明的上述特征和优点能更明显易懂， 下文特举实施例， 并配合附图， 作详细说明如下。
本发明的风能采集装置，包括立于地面上的圆筒式或衔架式塔身 1， 其特征在于： 所述塔身 1顶端背靠背地安装有两台独立运转的水 泵 2， 两水泵 2的驱动转轴的末端处各安装有一台风力涡轮机 3， 所 述两台风力涡轮机 3的旋转方向相反 （叶片攻角相反）。
上述水泵 2为低转速柱塞泵，该低转速柱塞泵包括驱动转轴 2-1、 安装在驱动转轴上的凸轮 2-2以及若干个沿驱动转轴的轴向和径向 布置的柱塞 2-3， 所述柱塞 2-3由凸轮 2-2驱动， 使其能够在各自的 缸体 2-4内做往复直线运动，所述缸体 2-4上安装有低压进水单向阀 2-5和高压出水单向阀 2-6。 上述水泵为定量泵。
上述塔身的顶端设置有一个可绕塔身回转中心偏航旋转的安装 平台 4， 所述安装平台 4为受控偏航旋转平台， 所述两水泵固定在安 装平台 4的上侧面。
上述两台低转速柱塞泵上的所有缸体 2-4上的高压出水口通过 一定层级的汇流， 最终汇流在一个汇流总管 6中， 所述浮动连接套 5 包括可以作相对 360度转动的外套 5-1与内套 5-2， 内、 外套之间设 置有密封圈 5-3， 内、 外套配合形成了浮动的中空管道， 所述的汇流 总管 6与可旋转的浮动连接套 5的内套 5-2固定连接，所述浮动连接 套的外套 5-1固定在高压输水管道 7的上端部， 所述高压输水管道 7 设置在塔身内， 直通到地面。
本发明所提供的另一技术方案是： 一种风力发电系统， 包括均匀 分布在风电场中的一定数量的风能采集装置 10， 其特征在于： 从每 个风能采集装置 10的高压输水管道 7输送到地面的高压水流， 经汇 流后通过高压输水总管 11输送到发电厂内， 位于发电厂内的高压输 水总管 11末端固定设置有喷嘴 12， 从喷嘴 12中喷射出来的高速水 流驱动水轮机 13旋转， 水轮机 13再驱动发电机 14产生电能。
上述喷嘴 12为定量喷嘴。
上述高压输水管道系统中不设置压力控制与流速控制元件，所述 水轮机 13的出水口经低压回流管路 15逐级连接至每个风能采集装置 10的水泵 2的低压进水口。
上述水轮机 13的出水口为敞开式， 即与大气相通， 所述低压回 流管路 15设置有吸程辅助回流泵。
对上述的风力发电系统的更具体的阐述如下：
本发明包括立于地面上， 有一定高度的圆筒式或衔架式塔身，在 塔的顶端设置有一个可绕塔身回转中心偏航旋转的安装平台；在该安 装平台上， 沿着风流动的方向上的看， 前后背靠背地安装有两台独立 运转的低转速柱塞泵， 即上风向低转速柱塞泵与下风向低转速柱塞 泵， 在每个低转速柱塞泵中， 伸出安装平台外的驱动转轴的末端处， 各安装有一台低转速风力涡轮机， 从风的流动方向上看， 两台低转速 风力涡轮机旋转方向刚好相反。
每个低转速柱塞泵内，沿着驱动转轴的轴向与径向上均布置有一 定数量的柱塞， 这些柱塞分别在各自的缸体内被约束， 只能做往复直 线运动，固定在缸体上的单向阀，控制着水只能从低压侧被吸入缸内， 从高压侧排出到高压出水管中，柱塞的往复运动是依靠安装在驱动转 轴上的凸轮来驱动的。两台低转速柱塞泵上的所有缸体上的高压出水 口通过一定层级的汇流， 最终汇流在一个汇流总管中， 该汇流总管与 可旋转的浮动连接套的外套固定连接， 浮动连接套包括可以作相对 360度转动的外套与内套， 内、 外套之间设置有密封圈， 内、 外套配 合形成了浮动的中空管道，浮动连接套的内套固定在高压输水管道的 上端部， 高压输水管道设置在塔身内， 直通到地面， 且该浮动连接套 的回转中心与安装平台的回转中心重合。以而实现了当安装平台偏航 时，也能从塔顶持续不断地将高压水流通过该高压输水管道输送到地 面。至此， 完成了对低密度的风能捕捉并转换成高密度的水能输送出 去。
在风电场中，相邻地布置有一定数量的相同或相近的上述的风能 采集装置，从每个风能采集装置的塔中的高压输水管道输送到地面的 高压水流， 经汇流后通过高压输水总管输送到发电厂内； 在整个输水 管道系统内， 不装设压力控制与流速控制元件， 在高压输水总管的末 端， 固定设置有一定数量的定喷口喷嘴。 从喷嘴中喷射出来的水流， 驱动水轮机旋转， 水轮机再驱动发电机产生电能。在发电厂内， 根据 每个风电场的具体的年风速概率分布情况，有选择地设定一个经济风 速 （该速度低于风力涡轮机的额定出力风速）， 然后， 将接入发电厂 内的每台风能采集装置按此经济风速对应的输出功率 （小于额定功 率）来算术累加， 选择经济的总装机容量的水轮机、 发电机、 控制系 统与其他配套的辅助设施。 当风场的风速超出设定的经济风速时，安 排个别风能采集装置选择性地退出，确保系统在高风速时还能照常发 电。从水轮机出水口出来的低压水在系统中被循环使用， 通过低压输 水管道最终送至塔顶的低速柱塞泵内，由于水轮机的出口可以是对大 气敞开的或是密闭的， 对于敞开式的， 还需要有吸程辅助水泵将常压 的水扬程到一定高度， 以确保塔顶的柱塞泵的进水口的对吸程的要 求。 对于密闭式的则不需要这种吸程辅助水泵。
这里要声明的是， 整个系统的介质不局限于是水， 也可以是其他 形式的液态流体， 例如： 液压油等。
本发明不局限上述最佳实施方式，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做 的均等变化与修饰， 皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种风能采集装置， 包括立于地面上的圆筒式或衔架式塔身， 其 特征在于： 所述塔身顶端背靠背地安装有两台独立运转的水泵， 两水 泵的驱动转轴的末端处各安装有一台风力涡轮机，所述两台风力涡轮 机的旋转方向相反。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的风能采集装置， 其特征在于： 所述水泵为 低转速柱塞泵， 该低转速柱塞泵包括驱动转轴、安装在驱动转轴上的 凸轮以及若干个沿驱动转轴的轴向和径向布置的柱塞，所述柱塞由凸 轮驱动， 使其能够在各自的缸体内做往复直线运动， 所述缸体上安装 有低压进水单向阀和高压出水单向阀。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的风能采集装置， 其特征在于： 所述水 泵为定量泵。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的风能采集装置， 其特征在于： 所述塔身的 顶端设置有一个可绕塔身回转中心偏航旋转的安装平台，所述安装平 台为受控偏航旋转平台， 所述两水泵固定在安装平台的上侧面。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的风能采集装置， 其特征在于： 两台低转速 柱塞泵上的所有缸体上的高压出水口通过一定层级的汇流，最终汇流 在一个汇流总管中，所述浮动连接套包括可以作相对 360度转动的外 套与内套， 内、 外套之间设置有密封圈， 内、 外套配合形成了浮动的 中空管道， 所述的汇流总管与可旋转的浮动连接套的内套固定连接， 所述浮动连接套的外套固定在高压输水管道的上端部，所述高压输水 管道设置在塔身内， 直通到地面。
6. 一种风力发电系统， 包括均匀分布在风电场中的风能采集装置， 其特征在于：从每个风能采集装置的高压输水管道输送到地面的高压 水流， 经汇流后通入高压输水总管， 所述高压输水总管末端设置有喷 嘴， 高压水流从喷嘴中喷射出来， 以驱动水轮机旋转， 水轮机再驱动 发电机产生电能。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的风力发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述喷嘴为 定量喷嘴。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的风力发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述高压输 水管道系统中不设置压力控制与流速控制元件，所述水轮机的出水口 经低压回流管路逐级连接至每个风能采集装置的水泵的低压进水口。
9. 根据权利要求 6所述的风力发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述水轮机 的出水口为敞开式， 即与大气相通， 所述低压回流管路上设置有吸程 辅助回流泵。
PCT/CN2012/079160 2011-10-14 2012-07-26 一种风能采集装置及其风力发电系统 WO2013053257A1 (zh)

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