WO2013051523A1 - Dispositif permettant d'utiliser l'expansion volumétrique des gaz - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant d'utiliser l'expansion volumétrique des gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013051523A1
WO2013051523A1 PCT/JP2012/075441 JP2012075441W WO2013051523A1 WO 2013051523 A1 WO2013051523 A1 WO 2013051523A1 JP 2012075441 W JP2012075441 W JP 2012075441W WO 2013051523 A1 WO2013051523 A1 WO 2013051523A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
liquid
volume expansion
pressure
gas volume
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PCT/JP2012/075441
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佐藤賢治
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一般社団法人太陽エネルギー研究所
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Priority claimed from JP2011218818A external-priority patent/JP2013079739A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2012087900A external-priority patent/JP2013217558A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2012088004A external-priority patent/JP2013217560A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2012098201A external-priority patent/JP2013224808A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2012126106A external-priority patent/JP2013250022A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2012209086A external-priority patent/JP2014062703A/ja
Application filed by 一般社団法人太陽エネルギー研究所 filed Critical 一般社団法人太陽エネルギー研究所
Publication of WO2013051523A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013051523A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant

Definitions

  • a vapor compression refrigeration cycle apparatus as a refrigeration cycle apparatus.
  • the power of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is mainly electric power.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus is used for freezing and refrigeration of food. Many are used as air conditioners.
  • Refrigeration cycle efficiency improvement measures include inverter control technology, liquid gas heat exchange, and ejectors. Examples of power generation using renewable energy include wind power generation, solar power generation, biomass power generation, and geothermal power generation.
  • a gas volume expansion utilization apparatus for achieving this object is characterized by comprising gas expansion liquefaction means for liquefying gas by volume expansion of a working fluid gas.
  • gas expansion liquefaction means for liquefying gas by volume expansion of a working fluid gas.
  • work or heat is required for isothermal expansion, and work is added in advance. In other words, it was an endothermic process such as compression or isothermal expansion of the Carnot cycle.
  • Work W is required to expand the volume of the gas.
  • the work amount W at the time of volume expansion of gas under the condition where heat does not enter and exit from the surroundings varies depending on the working fluid. Case 1
  • the temperature of the gas during volume expansion is above the critical point.
  • the work W is procured from the gas itself, and the temperature and pressure of the gas decrease.
  • W R (T1-T2) log (VB / VA)
  • R gas constant J / kg ⁇ K
  • T1 is a pre-expansion temperature
  • T2 is a post-expansion temperature, so-called adiabatic expansion.
  • Case 2 The temperature of the gas during volume expansion is below the critical point.
  • work W can be obtained from the gas itself, but the gas below the critical point temperature has two phases, liquid phase and gas phase. Is performed at an isothermal isobaric pressure, resulting in an isothermal expansion.
  • work W RTlog (VB / VA)
  • the working fluid below the critical point during volume expansion includes alternative chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as R22, R404, R407, R410, and R134a, and natural refrigerants such as water, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and isobutane.
  • Work W required for isothermal expansion is obtained from the gas itself and is liquefied when the work W 2 extracted from the gas is equivalent to the heat of vaporization. Therefore, when a gas having a temperature below the critical point is volume-expanded, it can be liquefied at the evaporation temperature.
  • the amount of liquefaction is q where the heat of vaporization is q.
  • mass of inflow gas mass of effluent liquid + mass of effluent gas.
  • the volume expansion work is W, where the velocity of the outflow gas is V. If the heat of vaporization is q It becomes. The volume expansion work is reduced by the velocity energy of the inflowing gas. Therefore, the velocity of the inflowing gas at the time of the volume expansion liquefaction needs to be sufficiently small such as about 10 m / s.
  • the velocity energy per kg at 10 m / s is 50 J, which is very small.
  • the working fluid is characterized in that it exists in a two-phase state of liquid gas at the time of volume expansion liquefaction.
  • Refrigerating cycle refrigerants such as R22, R134a, R404, R410, R407, R717, and water are present in a two-phase state of liquid and gas at room temperature. This property is utilized by the refrigeration cycle.
  • the working fluid be a two-phase working fluid under pressure and temperature conditions during volume expansion. That is, the condition of liquefaction is that the working fluid is below the critical temperature during volume expansion.
  • the apparatus further includes a plurality of the gas expansion liquefaction means. Since the expansion ratio is limited, all the gas is liquefied by using a plurality of gas expansion liquefaction means in series or in parallel. In order to completely liquefy, it is better to serialize.
  • the apparatus further comprises extraction energy utilization means for utilizing the energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means.
  • the apparatus further comprises mechanical energy conversion means for converting energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means into mechanical energy.
  • the energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means becomes velocity energy because the pressure and temperature are constant. Energy is extracted at the evaporation temperature by the volume expansion means for the turbine, and the gas is a low-temperature and high-speed gas. Therefore, it is not necessary to select a turbine material with a material that can withstand high temperature and pressure as in a conventional turbine.
  • the apparatus further comprises pressure energy conversion means for converting the velocity energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means into pressure energy.
  • Velocity energy is converted to pressure energy by using a diffuser, swirl chamber, Laval nozzle, etc., and the temperature and pressure are increased and used for heating, hot water supply, and frost.
  • a gas of 646 kg has a gas enthalpy and velocity energy W 72,486J. This velocity energy is converted into pressure energy to raise the temperature.
  • the extraction energy W is reduced.
  • the expansion ratio is set to 4. Therefore, the expansion part of the inflator is 130 mm.
  • the apparatus further comprises power generation means for converting the mechanical energy converted by the mechanical energy conversion means into electric energy.
  • the apparatus further comprises a condensing means for condensing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the working fluid.
  • the working fluid is liquefied by cooling it with outside air or water for heating and defrost circuits. It is a condenser in the refrigeration cycle. It is a condenser in brackish water power generation.
  • the apparatus further comprises a pump for delivering the working fluid liquid.
  • a pump is needed as a starting force to turn the cycle. Also, a pressure difference is necessary to reduce the pressure loss of the piping, expansion of the throttle, and the evaporation pressure with the nozzle. A pump is necessary for this boosting. Normally, a canned pump is used for the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle. The boiler uses a high-pressure pump.
  • the apparatus further comprises an evaporation means for evaporating the liquid of the working fluid. It is a boiler in brackish water power generation and an evaporator in a refrigeration cycle. In the refrigeration cycle, the liquid in the refrigerant absorbs energy and the liquid becomes gas. Evaporation is endothermic or energy absorption. The change is isothermal expansion. When the energy absorbed by the evaporation means is extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means, energy without an external combustion heat source can be extracted.
  • a liquid pressure reducing means for reducing the liquid of the working fluid to a predetermined evaporation pressure.
  • a throttle expansion means In a normal refrigeration cycle, it is a throttle expansion means. These are expansion valve orifices and capillary tubes.
  • the liquid low pressure means is a means for lowering the working fluid liquid liquefied by the volume expansion liquefaction means to the design evaporation pressure. Since the liquefaction of the present invention is performed at the evaporation temperature corresponding to the evaporation pressure, it is not necessary to squeeze when the designed evaporation temperature is reached.
  • a pressure sensor that detects the pressure liquefied by the volume expansion means and converts it into an electric signal; An electronic control valve that changes the valve opening by an electrical signal; An electronic control valve controller for linearly controlling the electric signal of the pressure sensor to the valve opening degree is provided.
  • the pressure sensor converts the liquid pressure into an electrical signal. Evaporation pressure 0.1Mpa 4mA Evaporation pressure 1.5Mpa 20mA When 4 mA, that is, 0.1 Mpa, the orifice is fully opened and 1.5 Mpa is 20 mA. When 20 mA, the valve opening is minimized. If the P 1 and pressure P 2 the design evaporation pressure P 3 of the sectional area C of the orifice density A of the pressure [rho 1 of pressure P 1 liquid discharge coefficient of the pump of the liquefied solution
  • the present invention is characterized by further comprising a low pressure switching means for switching the liquid low pressure means.
  • the working fluid is a refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle.
  • the working fluid is water. Water is optimal as a working fluid because it has a large heat of vaporization and is stable at high temperatures. Often used in thermal power generation.
  • the gas expansion liquefaction means is a gas volume expansion part, A gas inlet, A gas-liquid separation unit that gas-liquid separates the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the volume expansion of the gas and the gas not liquefied; It is characterized by setting it as an expander provided with a gas discharge part.
  • the gas expansion liquefaction means, the mechanical energy conversion means, and the power generation means may be an expander that uses a heat insulating compressor.
  • a heat-insulating compressor such as a scroll expander is reversely used.
  • the discharge port of the adiabatic compressor is used as the suction port of the expander and rotated in reverse. It is also possible to use the compressor motor as a generator.
  • a low-pressure receiver that stores the working fluid liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means is further provided. Since the liquefaction by the gas expansion liquefaction means is performed at the evaporation temperature, the pressure becomes low.
  • a final liquid receiver for storing the liquid of the working fluid is further provided.
  • the working fluid is at room temperature. Therefore, at the time of start-up, liquid is sent from the final receiver by a pump.
  • the moving means is an automobile, a ship, a train or the like.
  • Buildings include data centers, factories, apartment houses, office buildings, and the like.
  • power generation can be performed without fuel.
  • power storage means is attached. Examples are storage batteries and capacitors.
  • a power converter is an inverter or converter.
  • the pressure converting means is characterized by having a taper spread.
  • the gas of the working fluid that has not been liquefied becomes high speed.
  • the device changes depending on whether the pressure conversion means exceeds the speed of sound or not. When exceeding the speed of sound, use a taper nozzle.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the pressure converting means is diffused. If the velocity of the gas that has not been liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means is less than the speed of sound, a diffuser is used.
  • the evaporator is an evaporator used in a refrigeration cycle.
  • the evaporation means is a boiler.
  • the mechanical energy conversion means is a turbine. Since the gas not liquefied by the energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means becomes a high-speed gas, the turbine converts the velocity energy into mechanical energy. Thereby, the thermal energy absorbed by the evaporation means can be converted into mechanical energy.
  • the turbine member is made of synthetic resin. Since the temperature of the working fluid is the evaporation temperature, the evaporation pressure temperature can be controlled. Therefore, when the evaporation temperature is set to 0 ° C., the temperature of the working fluid flowing into the turbine can be set to 0 ° C. Therefore, instead of a material that can withstand high temperature and pressure as in the prior art, a heat-sensitive synthetic resin can be used for the impeller, blade, and rotor of the turbine. Synthetic resins are plastics, and those that are strong like engineer plastics are optimal for turbine materials. Further, fiber reinforced plastic may be used. Compared to iron alloys, plastic is lighter, so when used in a turbine, mechanical loss is reduced. Since a magnetic bearing cannot be used as a plastic bearing, it is preferable to use a fluid bearing in which a fluid is used as a working fluid.
  • liquid pressure reducing means is a nozzle.
  • the turbine bearing is a fluid bearing, and the fluid is a working fluid. Since the turbine rotates at high speed, the choice of bearings is important. Air bearings are used in micro gas turbines. Usually, the air bearing needs a compressor that sends air. However, since the gas after volume expansion and liquefaction is high speed, the working fluid can be used as the fluid of the fluid bearing.
  • the condenser means is a condenser used in a refrigeration cycle.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the evaporation means having different evaporation pressures is provided.
  • gas expansion liquefaction means is provided for each different evaporation pressure.
  • a low-pressure receiver pressure detecting means for detecting the pressure of the liquid in the low-pressure receiver.
  • a low-pressure receiver liquid level detecting means for detecting the liquid level of the low-pressure receiver.
  • the apparatus further comprises pump liquid source switching means for switching the liquid source of the pump to the low pressure liquid receiver or the final liquid receiver.
  • a first pressure equalizing pipe is provided to make the pressure of the expander and the low-pressure liquid receiver equal to each other.
  • a second pressure equalizing pipe is provided to make the pressure of the low-pressure receiver and the high-pressure receiver equal.
  • a heating heat source for heating the gas of the working fluid is further provided.
  • a vacuum pump is further provided.
  • a vacuum pump is used to assist in lowering the liquid temperature and pressure. When the working fluid is water, the vacuum pump is evaporated.
  • the apparatus further includes an object temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the object to be cooled.
  • the object to be cooled is the temperature of the air in the refrigerator and the temperature of the refrigerator in the freezer.
  • the temperature detecting means is a thermostat or the like.
  • the working fluid is geothermal steam.
  • a pressure vessel A reciprocating liquid that reciprocates in the pressure vessel; A reciprocating liquid suction valve; A reciprocating liquid discharge valve; A gas intake valve and a gas discharge valve; A liquid reciprocating compressor including a pump for sending a reciprocating liquid at a high pressure is provided. It is a reciprocating gas compressor that uses liquid instead of a piston.
  • a pump is used to fill the pressure vessel with liquid. The liquid is stored in advance. If the liquid is oil with very low evaporation pressure and the gas is air, it can be used as a vacuum pump. As the oil, a fluorine-based oil for a vacuum pump may be used.
  • a gas-liquid mixed condenser When gas is used as a refrigerant and a liquid is used as a low-temperature refrigerant of the same liquid, a gas-liquid mixed condenser is obtained.
  • a vacuum pump When the gas suction valve is closed and the liquid is lowered, a vacuum pump is obtained, and when the gas suction valve is opened and the liquid is lowered, a gas compressor is obtained.
  • the reciprocating liquid is used as a vacuum pump oil
  • the gas is air.
  • This is a so-called air compressor. Since the oil for vacuum pumps has a low vapor pressure, it can be used as a liquid piston for a liquid reciprocating compressor.
  • a heat insulating compressor is further provided.
  • the working fluid that has not been liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means is made high temperature and high pressure by an adiabatic compressor and liquefied by a condenser.
  • the reciprocating liquid is a refrigeration cycle liquid refrigerant
  • the gas is a gas refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle.
  • a gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the condenser and the gas of the working fluid evaporated by the evaporation means is provided.
  • the gas-liquid heat exchanger is provided with a check valve for preventing a backflow of gas.
  • a heating heat source is further provided.
  • a heating heat source such as a combustion heat source is used when the working fluid is changed to a high temperature and a high pressure by the pressure conversion means, but a higher temperature is desired.
  • the communication device further includes a communication unit.
  • the heating heat source is a computer heat generation heat source.
  • the CPU of the computer is the heat source.
  • a heat pipe for transporting the heat of the heating heat source to the evaporation means is further provided.
  • the CPU and the evaporator's evaporator pipe are connected by a heat pipe to transport the CPU generated heat to the evaporator.
  • the apparatus further comprises a compression means for compressing the gas with the mechanical energy converted by the gas energy conversion means.
  • the adiabatic compressor is moved and compressed by mechanical energy obtained by expanding the gas to extract energy and extracting the gas that has not been liquefied and liquefied.
  • a heat insulating compressor is further provided.
  • the gas is gradually liquefied, but each time it is liquefied, the amount of gas decreases and the energy extraction efficiency deteriorates. Therefore, the remaining gas is condensed and liquefied using an adiabatic compressor.
  • the apparatus further comprises a liquid reciprocating compressor comprising a pressure vessel, a liquid, a gas, a gas suction valve, a gas discharge valve, a liquid suction valve, a liquid, a discharge valve, and valve control means. is there. It is a reciprocating gas compressor that uses liquid instead of a piston.
  • a pump is used to fill the pressure vessel with gas.
  • the liquid is stored in advance. If the liquid is oil with very low evaporation pressure and the gas is air, it can be used as a vacuum pump. As the oil, a fluorine-based oil for a vacuum pump may be used.
  • gas-liquid mixed condenser is obtained.
  • the refrigerant vapor suction valve is closed and the liquid refrigerant suction valve is opened to fill the pressure vessel with the liquid refrigerant.
  • a high pressure pump is used to fill the pressure vessel with gas.
  • the liquid level in the pressure vessel rises.
  • the refrigerant vapor is compressed and the pressure temperature rises.
  • the liquid refrigerant is at a low temperature, heat exchange with the high-temperature refrigerant vapor is performed, and the refrigerant vapor is liquefied and condensed.
  • the liquid discharge valve and the refrigerant vapor suction valve are opened after the compression condensation, the refrigerant vapor is sucked with a decrease in the liquid level.
  • two gas-liquid mixing condensers should be installed. Condensation is possible if the liquid is filled to a sufficiently high pressure with a high-pressure pump. If about 99% is liquefied and condensed by the expansion means and the final liquefaction condensation is performed by the gas-liquid mixing condenser, the difference in specific volume between the liquid and the gas is about the same, the rise in liquid temperature is suppressed, and the amount of liquid delivered is reduced. The liquid is stored in advance.
  • a pressure vessel for further containing gas It is characterized by comprising a gas-liquid heat exchanger composed of a pressure vessel containing liquid with a heat transfer plate attached to compensate for the difference in heat transfer coefficient between liquid and gas. Heat exchange between liquid and gas.
  • the gas is a refrigerant or water other than the atmosphere, it is necessary to seal the gas, so this structure is adopted.
  • aluminum plate fins are used as the expansion heat transfer surface, heat exchange is possible even for gases with low thermal conductivity.
  • the gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the low-temperature gas, the liquid, the high-temperature gas, the low-temperature gas and the liquid, and the liquid exchanged with the gas-liquid heat exchange and the high-temperature gas are exchanged. It is characterized by providing. Since heat exchange between gas and gas has a low thermal conductivity, heat exchange is performed by interposing a liquid between the gas and gas. It is better to use low-pressure water at room temperature as the liquid has a high heat transfer coefficient.
  • the apparatus further comprises vaporization heat supply means for supplying vaporization heat to the evaporator.
  • the vaporization heat supply means is heat absorption of outside air by a fan and a plate fin.
  • Existing steam boilers generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam from low-temperature liquid water.
  • the amount of heat used is the sum of latent heat of vaporization and sensible heat. Therefore, liquid water is evaporated in advance with an evaporator.
  • the heater disposed in the upper part of the evaporator is heated to evaporate at a low pressure by making the inside of the lower evaporator negative by the chimney effect.
  • the energy for generating the superheated steam can be reduced by the heat of vaporization.
  • the heat source of the evaporator is water. The water is cooled. If air in the atmosphere is used as a heat source, it will be cooled.
  • the liquid may be made high pressure with a high-pressure pump to exchange heat with superheated steam.
  • the high temperature heat source is an electric resistance heat generation, a combustion heat heat source, a solar heat collection heat source, or the like.
  • a seawater draining means is provided for draining seawater whose salt concentration is increased by evaporating water in the evaporator. It is a seawater desalination device.
  • the refrigerant vapor can be liquefied by volume expansion with an expander. If the volume is expanded a plurality of times, all the refrigerant vapor can be liquefied. This eliminates the need for an adiabatic compressor and condenser. A liquid pump is necessary for circulation of the cycle, but the power of the pump is much smaller than the power of the adiabatic compressor of the same circulation amount, which greatly reduces energy. In addition, it is possible to generate power with the energy extracted by liquefaction. This uses the energy absorbed by the evaporator without radiating heat with the condenser as in the prior art, thus contributing to the prevention of the heat island phenomenon and the reduction of CO2 emissions.
  • the inflator is a pressure vessel. Basically it is made of steel. Consider low temperature vulnerability depending on temperature.
  • the inflator has 14 gas inlets, 19 liquid outlets and 17 gas outlets.
  • the overall configuration consists of 15 gently enlarged parts and 16 reduced parts.
  • the gas is volume-expanded at 15 enlarged portions, and the work is taken out and liquefied. Since it is difficult to increase the expansion ratio, volume expansion is performed with a plurality of expanders. Since the gas liquefaction is a part, the volume-expanded working fluid becomes liquid and gaseous wet vapor.
  • the wet steam finally collides with the 16 reduced portions and is separated from the liquid.
  • the liquid is led to 19 gas outlets and the gas is led to 17 gas outlets.
  • the discharged gas absorbs the work W and becomes a high-speed gas.
  • Eighteen pressure equalization tubes are used to equalize the pressure in the inflator and 20 low pressure receivers when gravity drops the liquid into 20 low pressure receivers. It is a ph diagram of steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (expander only). Evaporate from 1 with an evaporator. 2 completes evaporation.
  • the gas is isothermally expanded from 2 to 3 with an expander to liquefy part of the gas. In 3-4, a part of the gas is further liquefied by the second isothermal expansion. 4 to 5 further liquefy part of the gas by the third isothermal expansion. 5 to 6 further liquefy part of the gas in the fourth isothermal expansion.
  • the refrigerant gas evaporated by the evaporator 24 is volume-expanded by the expander 25a, and a part of the gas is liquefied. The remaining gas is further liquefied by a 25b expander. By repeating the volume expansion several times, all the gas is liquefied. The energy extracted when the gas is liquefied becomes velocity energy according to the law of conservation of energy.
  • the refrigerant gas having velocity energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbines 26a to 26d, and converted into electrical energy by the generators 27a to d to generate electric power.
  • the refrigerant liquefied by the expanders 25a to 25e is dropped by gravity into the low pressure receiver 20 by using the first pressure equalizing pipe 29 by opening the solenoid valve 28a.
  • the low pressure receiver 20 detects the liquid level at the high position of the float switch 31 and opens the solenoid valves 28d and 28e and drops them to the final receiver 22 by gravity using the second pressure equalizing pipe 30. At this time, the solenoid valves 28c and 28d are closed. When the liquid level is detected at a low level of 32 float switches, the solenoid valves 28d and 28e are closed, the solenoid valves 28a and 28b are opened, and the liquid liquefied by the expander is stored in the low pressure receiver. At the end of the cycle, the solenoid valves 28c, 28d and 28e are opened, and the refrigerant liquid is dropped by gravity from the 20 low pressure receivers to the 22 final receivers using the second pressure equalizing pipe 30.
  • the remaining gas is further liquefied by a 25b expander.
  • the extracted energy becomes velocity energy according to the law of energy conservation.
  • the refrigerant gas having velocity energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbines 26a and 26b, and converted into electrical energy by the generators 27a and 27b to generate electric power.
  • the gas exiting the turbine 26b is volume-expanded by an expander 25c, and using a Laval nozzle 35, velocity energy is converted into thermal energy and led to a condenser 36.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas led to the condenser 36 is used for heating, defrosting, water heating, and the like by exchanging heat with ambient ambient air, water, and the like during condensation.
  • the refrigerant liquefied by heat exchange in 36 condensers is led to 22 final liquid receivers.
  • the refrigerant liquefied by the expanders 25a to 25c is opened by the solenoid valve 28a, and dropped by gravity to the low pressure receiver 20 by the first pressure equalizing pipe 29.
  • the low pressure receiver of 20 detects the liquid level at the high position of the float switch of 31 and opens the solenoid valves of 28d and 28e and drops them by gravity to the final receiver of 22 with the second pressure equalizing pipe of 30, and with the condenser of 36 Merge with liquefied refrigerant.
  • the solenoid valves 28a and 28b are closed.
  • the water heated by the boiler 39 becomes steam, and the steam energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbine 26a, and is converted into electric energy by the generator 27a to generate electric power. Then, the steam emitted from the turbine 26a is volume-expanded by an expander 25 to liquefy the gas.
  • the energy extracted when the gas is liquefied becomes velocity energy according to the law of conservation of energy. Steam with velocity energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbine 26b, and converted into electric energy by the generator 27b to generate electricity.
  • the water liquefied by the 25 inflator is dropped by gravity into the 37 water tank. As a result, the steam energy previously discarded in the condenser is extracted by the expander, and the power generation efficiency is greatly improved.
  • the refrigerant gas evaporated by the evaporator of 24 is expanded by the expander of 25 and becomes a crushing vapor. Squeeze vapor is separated into gas and liquid by 40 gas-liquid separators.
  • the liquefaction rate varies depending on the expansion ratio, it is necessary to pass through an eight-fold expander with R22 and an expansion ratio of 4 in order to reduce the gas amount to about 20%. Since the liquefaction efficiency gradually deteriorates as the liquefaction rate increases, the liquefaction efficiency is finally liquefied by a condenser of 36 using a 41 adiabatic compressor and put into a final receiver.
  • the liquid separated by 40 gas-liquid separators falls to 20 low-pressure receivers by gravity.
  • the low pressure receiver 20 detects the liquid level at the high position of 31 float switch, uses the pressure equalizing pipe 18, opens the solenoid valve 28b, equalizes the pressure with the final receiver and opens the solenoid valve 28c. And move it by gravity. At this time, the solenoid valve 28a is closed. When the liquid level is detected at 32 float switches, the solenoid valves 28b and 28c are closed, the solenoid valve 28a is opened, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 40 is removed. Store in a low-pressure receiver. At the end of the cycle, the solenoid valve 28a is opened, and the refrigerant liquid is dropped by gravity from the low pressure receiver 20 to the final receiver 22 using the pressure equalizing pipe 18.
  • the solenoid valves 28a and 28d are closed. It is a low-pressure receiver.
  • the low-pressure liquid receiver stores the low-pressure refrigerant liquid liquefied by the expander. 42 pressure vessels, 43a and 43b liquid tubes, 29 first pressure equalizing tubes, and 30 second pressure equalizing tubes.
  • the pressure equalizing pipe 29 is opened to equalize the pressures of the low pressure receiver and the expander, and the low pressure receiver using the gravity of the liquid. Pour liquid into.
  • the pressure equalizing tube 30 is used when the liquid in the low pressure receiver is dropped to the final receiver by gravity.
  • the float switch 31 is used to detect that about half of the liquid in the container has been stored so that the low-pressure receiver is full and the liquid does not compress the gas in the low-pressure receiver and is dropped into the final receiver. .
  • the float switch 32 detects the liquid level in order to stop the liquid from dropping into the final receiver.
  • the final liquid receiver is a liquid receiver that stores refrigerant liquid at the time of start-up, and is a liquid receiver that combines and stores the liquid of the low-pressure liquid receiver or the liquid liquefied by the condenser. 42 pressure vessels, 43a liquid tube, 43b liquid tube, 43c liquid tube and 30 second pressure equalizing tube.
  • the liquid pipe 43a is connected to the low-pressure receiver, the liquid pipe 43b is connected to the condenser, and the liquid pipe 43c is connected to the pump.
  • the refrigerant liquid liquefied by the condenser enters the final liquid receiver through the liquid pipe 43b.
  • a second pressure equalizing pipe is required to put the liquid in the low pressure liquid receiver into the final liquid receiver.
  • the liquid in the final receiver is sent to the expansion by a pump. It is a gas-liquid heat exchanger.
  • the gas, 48 heat transfer plates, and 43 liquid tubes are accommodated in 42 pressure vessels. Most of the 48 heat transfer plates are aluminum plates. Most of the liquid pipes 43 are copper pipes.
  • the difference in heat transfer coefficient between liquid and gas is defined as the enlarged area of the plate.
  • a liquid reciprocating compressor or a liquid compression vacuum pump The liquid suction valve 51 is opened, and the liquid is fed into the pressure vessel 42 at a high pressure by the high pressure pump 21. If the gas suction valve and the gas discharge valve are closed during liquid feeding, the gas is compressed as the liquid level rises. Further, when the gas discharge valve is opened, the gas is discharged. The gas compression ratio is adjusted by the height of 31 and 32 float switches. At the time of gas suction, the liquid discharge valve 54 is opened while the gas suction valve 52 is opened, and the liquid is discharged. As the liquid level drops, the pressure vessel becomes negative and gas is sucked. Reciprocate the liquid into a piston.
  • a gas is air
  • a liquid is a fluorine-based oil having a low vapor pressure, or a vacuum pump oil is used, it can be used as a vacuum pump.
  • the fluid is used as a refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle
  • the gas is the evaporator return vapor
  • the liquid is the condensate.
  • the liquid is stored in 55 and pumped by 21. It is a gas-liquid mixing condenser.
  • (A) closes the liquid suction valve 51 and the liquid discharge valve 54 and opens the gas suction valve 52 to suck the gas into the pressure vessel 42.
  • the liquid suction valve is arranged at the upper part of the pressure vessel and the liquid discharge valve is arranged at the lower part of the pressure vessel.
  • the high-pressure pump 21 serves as a liquid feeding means to the gas-liquid mixing condenser after starting, the solenoid valve 28a and the solenoid valve 28d are closed and the solenoid valve 28c is opened. Further, after starting, the electromagnetic valve 28b is opened in order to send liquid from the liquid receiver 58 to the evaporator 24.
  • the gas evaporated by the evaporator is isothermally expanded by 56 expanders, and a part of the gas is liquefied. At the time of liquefaction, the gas absorbs the energy of the liquefied amount, so the energy of the gas is converted using 26 turbines, and power is generated by 27 generators.
  • a part of the gas that has not been liquefied by the expander is liquefied by the gas-liquid mixing condenser.
  • the gas-liquid mixing condenser In order to condense the remaining gas which has not been liquefied by the 56 expander, it passes through the 26 turbine and enters the 61a gas-liquid mixing condenser.
  • the solenoid valve 28e, the solenoid valve 28g, and the solenoid valve 28h are closed.
  • the liquid liquefied by the expander 56 is boosted by the high-pressure pump 21 and sent to the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61a.
  • the solenoid valve at 28f is closed and the solenoid valve at 28h is opened to allow gas to enter the gas-liquid mixing condenser at 61b.
  • the solenoid valve 28f and the solenoid valve 28h are closed during liquid feeding, the liquid level rises and the temperature of the compressed gas rises. Since the temperature of the liquid is lower than the temperature of the gas, it is condensed and liquefied.
  • the liquid level of the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61a is controlled by a float switch 31a for detecting a high water level and a float switch 32a for detecting a low water level, the solenoid valve 28e is closed, and the solenoid valve 28i is opened. Move to the receiver.
  • the solenoid valve 28h is closed, the solenoid valve 28g is opened, and the pressure is increased by the high-pressure pump 21b.
  • the solenoid valve 28f is opened and gas is introduced into the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61a.
  • the liquid level of the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61b is controlled by a float switch 31b that detects a high water level and a float switch 32b that detects a low water level, the 28g solenoid valve is closed, and the 28j solenoid valve is opened. Move to the receiver.
  • the process of gas compression by the rise of the liquid level in the gas-liquid mixing condensers 61a and 61b is alternately repeated. Since the gas absorbs the energy liquefied by the 56 expanders, the energy of the gas is converted using the 26 turbines and the power is generated by the 27 generators. Moreover, since the amount of gas decreases by using a plurality of expanders, the size of the gas-liquid mixer can be reduced. Volume expansion liquefaction refrigeration cycle power generation (with adiabatic compressor). Twenty-four evaporators are expanded by a 25 expander into crushing steam. Crushing steam is separated into steam and liquid by 40 gas-liquid separator.
  • the liquefaction rate varies depending on the expansion ratio, it is necessary to pass through an eight-time expander with R22 and an expansion ratio of 4 in order to reduce the amount of steam to about 20%. Since the liquefaction efficiency gradually deteriorates as the liquefaction rate increases, the liquid is finally liquefied by 36 condensers using a conventional 41 adiabatic compressor. The liquid separated by 40 gas-liquid separators falls to 20 low-pressure receivers by gravity. Thereafter, the liquid is dropped by gravity into the 63 high-pressure receiver. Then, the pressure is increased by 21 high-pressure pumps and sent to 22 final liquid receivers. When moving the liquid, the pressure is equalized using 18 pressure equalizing tubes and moved by gravity.
  • the liquid volume is controlled using 31 and 32 float switches that detect high and low water levels.
  • the starting force of this cycle is 21 high pressure pumps.
  • Volume expansion liquefaction refrigeration cycle power generation (with gas-liquid mixing condenser).
  • the gas-liquid mixing condenser 61 is used instead of the adiabatic compressor 41 in FIG. It is a figure of pressure reduction by an electronic control valve.
  • the pressure sensor of 66 is attached to 20 low-pressure liquid receivers, detects the pressure of the liquid, converts it into an electrical signal, transmits pressure information to the electronic control valve controller of 67, and controls the valve opening by pressure. Then, the pressure is reduced and evaporated by an evaporator. The evaporation pressure is controlled by the valve opening. Even with a high-pressure pump, the pressure is 0. 2 M-0. 3 is about M. If the pressure loss of the pipe is large, the head can be increased by connecting the pump in series.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

[Problème] L'invention a pour objet de réduire l'énergie utilisée par un dispositif à cycle de réfrigération. Des compresseurs adiabatiques sont utilisés dans les dispositifs à cycle de réfrigération. Une technologie est nécessaire pour permettre aux dispositifs à cycle de réfrigération de conserver de l'électricité et de produire de l'électricité en utilisant une énergie renouvelable quand la puissance en provenance d'une alimentation électrique est insuffisante. [Solution] Un gaz qui n'est pas à température critique est liquéfié par expansion volumétrique. L'énergie extraite au moment de la liquéfaction sert à produire de l'électricité.
PCT/JP2012/075441 2011-10-03 2012-10-02 Dispositif permettant d'utiliser l'expansion volumétrique des gaz WO2013051523A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011-218818 2011-10-03
JP2011218818A JP2013079739A (ja) 2011-10-03 2011-10-03 加熱器利用装置
JP2012-087900 2012-04-06
JP2012087900A JP2013217558A (ja) 2012-04-06 2012-04-06 加熱器利用装置
JP2012-088004 2012-04-08
JP2012088004A JP2013217560A (ja) 2012-04-08 2012-04-08 加熱器利用装置
JP2012098201A JP2013224808A (ja) 2012-04-23 2012-04-23 加熱器利用装置
JP2012-098201 2012-04-23
JP2012126106A JP2013250022A (ja) 2012-06-01 2012-06-01 加熱器利用装置
JP2012-126106 2012-06-01
JP2012-209086 2012-09-24
JP2012209086A JP2014062703A (ja) 2012-09-24 2012-09-24 気体体積膨張利用装置

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114185378A (zh) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-15 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种双井液压式co2压缩储能系统及其运行方法

Citations (8)

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JPS59134466A (ja) * 1983-01-19 1984-08-02 株式会社島津製作所 液化装置
JPS59179204U (ja) * 1983-05-18 1984-11-30 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 混合媒体ランキンサイクル方式によるｌｎｇ冷熱発電設備における二相流混合媒体の分配装置
JPS6160243B2 (fr) * 1981-07-08 1986-12-19 Tokyo Denryoku Kk
JPH0433961B2 (fr) * 1984-06-20 1992-06-04 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co
JPH10204455A (ja) * 1997-01-27 1998-08-04 Chiyoda Corp 天然ガス液化方法
JP2003097222A (ja) * 2001-07-10 2003-04-03 Honda Motor Co Ltd ランキンサイクル装置
JP2009103029A (ja) * 2007-10-23 2009-05-14 Panasonic Corp ランキンサイクル装置
JP2009191725A (ja) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-27 Sanden Corp 廃熱利用装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6160243B2 (fr) * 1981-07-08 1986-12-19 Tokyo Denryoku Kk
JPS59134466A (ja) * 1983-01-19 1984-08-02 株式会社島津製作所 液化装置
JPS59179204U (ja) * 1983-05-18 1984-11-30 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 混合媒体ランキンサイクル方式によるｌｎｇ冷熱発電設備における二相流混合媒体の分配装置
JPH0433961B2 (fr) * 1984-06-20 1992-06-04 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co
JPH10204455A (ja) * 1997-01-27 1998-08-04 Chiyoda Corp 天然ガス液化方法
JP2003097222A (ja) * 2001-07-10 2003-04-03 Honda Motor Co Ltd ランキンサイクル装置
JP2009103029A (ja) * 2007-10-23 2009-05-14 Panasonic Corp ランキンサイクル装置
JP2009191725A (ja) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-27 Sanden Corp 廃熱利用装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114185378A (zh) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-15 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种双井液压式co2压缩储能系统及其运行方法

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