WO2013050822A1 - Autoclave pour la stérilisation de déchets médicaux et son procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Autoclave pour la stérilisation de déchets médicaux et son procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013050822A1
WO2013050822A1 PCT/IB2012/000692 IB2012000692W WO2013050822A1 WO 2013050822 A1 WO2013050822 A1 WO 2013050822A1 IB 2012000692 W IB2012000692 W IB 2012000692W WO 2013050822 A1 WO2013050822 A1 WO 2013050822A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
sterilization chamber
autoclave
internal
valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2012/000692
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mario DAMIANI
Original Assignee
Eco.System S.U.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eco.System S.U.R.L. filed Critical Eco.System S.U.R.L.
Priority to EP12718338.2A priority Critical patent/EP2694119A1/fr
Priority to JP2014503225A priority patent/JP2014512909A/ja
Priority to CN201280022549.XA priority patent/CN103547295A/zh
Priority to RU2013147284/15A priority patent/RU2013147284A/ru
Publication of WO2013050822A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013050822A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/04—Heat
    • A61L2/06—Hot gas
    • A61L2/07—Steam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
    • A61L2202/12—Apparatus for isolating biocidal substances from the environment
    • A61L2202/122—Chambers for sterilisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of machines for the sterilization of hazardous infectious sanitary waste.
  • Said machines commonly called sterilization autoclaves, have the purpose of implementing disinfection and bioremediation of particularly hazardous medical waste in order to make inactive the pathogenic microorganisms, virus and sporogenic bacteria therein, thus obtaining waste which can be incorporated into the municipal solid waste that can be transported and disposed of in public landfills without any risk of contamination or infection.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to obtain the inactivation of the microorganisms by means of the action of high-pressure saturated steam, by installing the sterilization autoclave into a larger plant together with other devices also intended to neutralize waste.
  • the infectious medical waste undergoes, at the end of a more complex process, high-temperature heat treatment for a period of time necessary to ensure the inactivation of the microorganisms contained therein.
  • the device does not produce reject liquids, while the gaseous effluents are captured inside the plant itself in order to be processed by a suitable disinfection process, and then discharged into the environment with properties that meet the existing law concerning emissions.
  • hospitals, medical laboratories, as well as all other organizations related to health services produce a large amount of potentially infectious waste, such as for example bandages, syringes, cannulas, or other materials that contacted with potentially infectious patients, as well as infectious waste such as bacteria, virus, spores, etc.
  • the sterilization process consists in reducing the bacteria content in order to guarantee a S.A.L. (Sterility Assurance Level) of at least 10 "6 .
  • Sterilization is carried out according to the UNI 10384/94 regulation, part 1, by means of a process which includes shredding and drying, for the purposes of removing any recognizable semblance of the waste and improving the efficiency of the treatment, as well as reducing the volume and weight of the waste itself. Only potentially infectious hazardous sanitary waste can be sterilized. Sterilization of infectious sanitary waste is a viable option to simplify the handling of the waste itself.
  • a known technique to avoid the risk of contagion consists in collecting the waste in containers, which are hermetically sealed once full, and that are moved to a collection center inside the hospital building. Said containers are periodically removed by specialized companies tasked with transporting them to designated plants, where they are finally thermo-destroyed.
  • An additional known method consists in disinfecting medical waste by means of chemical agents, which react when they come into contact with infected waste, or irradiation with gamma rays.
  • the aforementioned sterilization method is obtained by placing the waste in special containers and adding a disinfectant. Once full, the containers are further placed into a microwave chamber; in this manner sterilization is obtained by the thermal and chemical action on the microorganisms.
  • the container allows for a single treatment for special small size waste, and, in addition, it does not ensure the required level of prevention against infections. Furthermore, said method has an additional disadvantage resulting from the disposal of the chemicals used in the treatment.
  • An additional disadvantage consists in the cost of waste transport and its incineration, which is substantially higher than the costs for household waste.
  • the autoclaves designated for this purpose have a series of disadvantages so that it is not always possible to obtain the desired results in the waste sterilization process.
  • the autoclave described in said patent does not provide for the injection of the steam inside the main sterilization chamber, but it only uses the steam arising from heating of the wet component of the waste. Laboratory tests have confirmed that the steam generated from the wet component of the waste only is not enough to guarantee a good level of sterilization.
  • Patent WO 92/12738 describes a process for the sterilization of medical waste. Said process provides for the waste to be first introduced into a container and thereafter shredded by means of rotating blades. Said process presents the disadvantage resulting from the employed shredding method, which does not allow the fine shredding of the waste, with the result that the steam subsequently introduced is not sufficient to destroy all the microorganisms contained in the waste itself. Furthermore, the lack of a means for re-mixing and expelling the waste prevents the complete evacuation of the waste from inside the container at the end of the sterilization cycle.
  • Fig. 1 a lateral cross-section view of the autoclave with counter-clockwise rotation of the screw to obtain stirring of the waste;
  • Fig. 2 a lateral cross-section view of the autoclave with clockwise rotation screw to promote the waste discharge
  • Fig. 3 a lateral cross-section view of the autoclave with partially raised screw to allow maintenance work inside the autoclave;
  • Fig. 4 a cross-section plan view of the autoclave
  • Fig. 5 a cross-section view of a segment of the autoclave wall
  • Fig. 6 a plan view of the autoclave
  • Fig. 7 a detail of the bottom support of the screw axle
  • the autoclave comprises an internal sterilization chamber 1 and a cavity 4, both chambers comprising a volume inside of which high-pressure steam is injected through two distinct and separate circuits operating at two different pressures; more in particular, the steam pressure inside said sterilization chamber 1 is two bars lower than the pressure inside cavity 4 for the entire duration of the waste treatment cycle.
  • Steam injection into cavity 4 determines a thermal exchange into the internal sterilization chamber 1 , so as to facilitate heating of the newly introduced waste, in addition to maintaining a constant high temperature inside chamber 1 itself, and further preventing the formation of condensate and leachate as a result.
  • shell 2 of the autoclave presents an inverted half-shell shape supported on a base 21, and comprises an internal wall 3, a cavity 4 wherein the high-pressure saturated steam flows, and an external wall 5 covered with an insulation layer 6.
  • a number of reinforcements 27 are present inside cavity 4, which connect the internal wall 3 with the external wall 5.
  • the length of internal sterilization chamber 1 is crossed by a screw 7 coupled with a shaft 8 operatively connected to a reduction gear and a motor M; screw 7 has two functions, namely stirring the waste when the rotation applied to shaft 8 is counter-clockwise, or promoting the waste discharge through valve 9 when the rotation applied to shaft 8 is clockwise.
  • screw 7 has two functions, namely stirring the waste when the rotation applied to shaft 8 is counter-clockwise, or promoting the waste discharge through valve 9 when the rotation applied to shaft 8 is clockwise.
  • an end 8a is inserted into a plain bearing fixed to a guide 25.
  • One or more rods 10 are attached crosswise to the shaft 8. These rods hold scrapers 1 1 at their ends, helping to remove the waste potentially deposited on internal wall 3.
  • the autoclave presents a number of valves; in particular valves 17 for steam penetration into the internal sterilization chamber 1, one or more valves 18 for steam penetration into the cavity 4, one or more valves 19 for discharging and draining the condensate formed inside the cavity 4, a valve 20 for venting the air contained in the internal sterilization chamber 1 when replaced by the high-pressure saturated steam, a valve 26 for discharging the steam from internal sterilization chamber 1 at the end of the process, a valve 29 for air ejection from the cavity 4 during steam injection.
  • valves 17 for steam penetration into the internal sterilization chamber 1 1, one or more valves 18 for steam penetration into the cavity 4, one or more valves 19 for discharging and draining the condensate formed inside the cavity 4, a valve 20 for venting the air contained in the internal sterilization chamber 1 when replaced by the high-pressure saturated steam, a valve 26 for discharging the steam from internal sterilization chamber 1 at the end of the process, a valve 29 for air ejection from the cavity 4 during steam injection.
  • the autoclave also has a number of control devices for the sterilization process; and more in particular, two capacity sensors 23a and 23b for managing the volume of waste injected in the internal sterilization chamber 1, and a pressure sensor 24 located at the base of the internal sterilization chamber 1 itself.
  • one or more windows 28 are present on top of the autoclave, which allow inserting bioindicators inside the internal sterilization chamber 1.
  • the autoclave is provided with a top opening 22 comprising a top flange 12, attached by means of pins or bolts to a second removable blind flange 13.
  • the waste sterilization process according to the present invention is carried out by means of the following steps:
  • Cavity 4 is kept under pressure by injecting steam through valves 18; e. Excess condensation present in cavity 4 is drained through discharge valve 19, placed next to bottom discharge valve 9;
  • valve 20 Any air or vacuum is ejected by means of valve 20;
  • Reinforcements 27 ensure the possibility of having a minimum positive pressure from the outside towards the inside with respect to the internal sterilization chamber 1 ;
  • Screw 7 rotates counter-clockwise by stirring the waste inside the internal sterilization chamber 1 ;
  • Steam is injected through steam injection valve 17 into the internal sterilization chamber 1 , until the internal pressure measured by pressure sensor 24 reaches a predefined level; at the same time, the air inside internal sterilization chamber 1 is sent through valve 20 to a high-efficiency air filtration system before being released into the environment;
  • the pressure inside internal sterilization chamber 1 is kept to a value always below the external chamber, or cavity 4, in order to facilitate the heat exchange towards the inside, thus preventing the formation of condensation in sterilization chamber 1, and allowing the liquids in the chamber to evaporate following the same thermal cycle of the waste.
  • Pressure sensor 24 allows the pneumatic actuator opening placed on discharge valve 9.
  • Discharge valve 9 opens upon receiving the opening signal
  • Screw 7 reverses the rotation direction
  • a ticket is generated indicating the processing cycle parameters (time, weight, data related to the origin of the waste, operator);

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une machine pour le traitement de déchets infectieux afin d'en effectuer la stérilisation, et plus particulièrement un autoclave destiné à être intégré dans le cycle de traitement de déchets médicaux, en vue de désinfecter et neutraliser les agents biologiques par l'inactivation des microorganismes pathogènes, des virus, et des bactéries sporogènes qui y sont contenus. L'autoclave est équipé de deux chambres : une chambre intérieure et une chambre extérieure, dans lesquelles une vapeur saturée haute pression est injectée ; la chambre extérieure maintient la chaleur des parois permettant d'éviter la condensation de la vapeur et le lixiviat qui en résulte.
PCT/IB2012/000692 2011-04-07 2012-04-04 Autoclave pour la stérilisation de déchets médicaux et son procédé de fonctionnement WO2013050822A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12718338.2A EP2694119A1 (fr) 2011-04-07 2012-04-04 Autoclave pour la stérilisation de déchets médicaux et son procédé de fonctionnement
JP2014503225A JP2014512909A (ja) 2011-04-07 2012-04-04 医療廃棄物滅菌用オートクレーブ及びその操作方法
CN201280022549.XA CN103547295A (zh) 2011-04-07 2012-04-04 用于医疗废物灭菌的高压釜和其操作方法
RU2013147284/15A RU2013147284A (ru) 2011-04-07 2012-04-04 Автоклав для стерилизации медицинских отходов и способ его работы

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000015A ITBA20110015A1 (it) 2011-04-07 2011-04-07 "autoclave per la sterilizzazione dei rifiuti ospedalieri e suo procedimento"
ITBA2011A000015 2011-04-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013050822A1 true WO2013050822A1 (fr) 2013-04-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2012/000692 WO2013050822A1 (fr) 2011-04-07 2012-04-04 Autoclave pour la stérilisation de déchets médicaux et son procédé de fonctionnement

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2694119A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014512909A (fr)
CN (1) CN103547295A (fr)
IT (1) ITBA20110015A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2013147284A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013050822A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103405794A (zh) * 2013-08-08 2013-11-27 成都中牧生物药业有限公司 可固定的芪黄肽注射液药瓶无菌烘干箱
GB2517615A (en) * 2010-09-16 2015-02-25 Massmelt Ltd Waste processing apparatus and methods
US10207302B2 (en) 2015-11-28 2019-02-19 Seyed Morteza Sadat Infectious waste treatment system
IT202100009308A1 (it) * 2021-04-14 2022-10-14 Eco System S U R L "impianto automatizzato per la sterilizzazione dei rifiuti sanitari a rischio infettivo ad alta efficienza"

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9676012B2 (en) * 2014-08-21 2017-06-13 Spectrum Medical Lending, Llc Devices for treating medical waste and methods of their use
CN109140991A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2019-01-04 上海沃迪自动化装备股份有限公司 一种固态物料灭菌系统
KR101824573B1 (ko) * 2017-09-22 2018-03-14 이두형 의료용 폐기물의 처리장치

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992012738A1 (fr) 1991-01-25 1992-08-06 Lersner Wolf A Procede et dispositif d'elimination de dechets medicaux
WO1999012580A2 (fr) 1997-09-05 1999-03-18 Hydroclave Systems Corporation Systeme de commande pour le traitement des dechets
WO2000038744A1 (fr) * 1998-12-24 2000-07-06 Medivac Technology Pty Limited Appareil de traitement de dechets

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992012738A1 (fr) 1991-01-25 1992-08-06 Lersner Wolf A Procede et dispositif d'elimination de dechets medicaux
WO1999012580A2 (fr) 1997-09-05 1999-03-18 Hydroclave Systems Corporation Systeme de commande pour le traitement des dechets
WO2000038744A1 (fr) * 1998-12-24 2000-07-06 Medivac Technology Pty Limited Appareil de traitement de dechets

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2517615A (en) * 2010-09-16 2015-02-25 Massmelt Ltd Waste processing apparatus and methods
GB2517615B (en) * 2010-09-16 2015-04-22 Massmelt Ltd Waste processing apparatus and methods
CN103405794A (zh) * 2013-08-08 2013-11-27 成都中牧生物药业有限公司 可固定的芪黄肽注射液药瓶无菌烘干箱
US10207302B2 (en) 2015-11-28 2019-02-19 Seyed Morteza Sadat Infectious waste treatment system
IT202100009308A1 (it) * 2021-04-14 2022-10-14 Eco System S U R L "impianto automatizzato per la sterilizzazione dei rifiuti sanitari a rischio infettivo ad alta efficienza"

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103547295A (zh) 2014-01-29
EP2694119A1 (fr) 2014-02-12
JP2014512909A (ja) 2014-05-29
RU2013147284A (ru) 2015-05-20
ITBA20110015A1 (it) 2012-10-08

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