WO2013049977A1 - 粉碎与整形的装置和方法 - Google Patents

粉碎与整形的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013049977A1
WO2013049977A1 PCT/CN2012/071294 CN2012071294W WO2013049977A1 WO 2013049977 A1 WO2013049977 A1 WO 2013049977A1 CN 2012071294 W CN2012071294 W CN 2012071294W WO 2013049977 A1 WO2013049977 A1 WO 2013049977A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavity
shaping
powder particles
pulverizing
piston
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PCT/CN2012/071294
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡心宇
Original Assignee
Hu Xinyu
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Application filed by Hu Xinyu filed Critical Hu Xinyu
Priority to CN201280049514.5A priority Critical patent/CN103857470B/zh
Publication of WO2013049977A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013049977A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to material shaping processing, in particular to a device and a method for pulverizing and shaping. Background technique
  • Material pulverization and grinding is an important part of powder engineering. It is widely used in various fields of the national economy, and material modification processing can optimize material properties or achieve specific functions.
  • the shape control of the material particles is the processing of the desired surface of the particle surface to achieve the special function of the monomer or the whole, which is an intermediate link to improve the final performance of some products.
  • Relative spheroidization can improve the tap density, packing density and fluidity of the powder.
  • the spheroidization of cement powder particles can improve the performance of cement.
  • the spheroidization of metal ink particles can increase the shininess, improve the printing quality, and spheroidize copper powder.
  • Graphite and tin powder show superiority in their specific application areas.
  • the traditional methods of mechanical shaping usually use rolling, rolling, ball milling, and vibration grinding (ie, vibration grinding).
  • Rolling is to put the powder into an annular groove, and the driven powder is rolled around the central axis by the driven circular pressure roller.
  • the roller is similar to the roller, but the material falls from the height between the two rollers. And withstand double roller pressure.
  • Rolling is the pulverization and shaping of the rolls in which the powder agglomerates fall into parallel and have a certain gap.
  • the ball mill mixes the powder with a hard and wear-resistant grinding ball in a certain proportion and then puts it into the drum.
  • the drum rotates along the shaft, and the grinding ball in the drum is lifted and then falls during the rotation of the barrel, thereby The powder is subjected to impact and forces and friction between the particles.
  • the vibrating method is similar to the ball milling method. The difference is that the vibrating barrel reciprocates at a certain frequency in a single direction, so that the grinding ball impacts and grinds the material.
  • Tsinghua University which describes a method and equipment for spheroidizing or morphologically controlling powder by means of high-speed hitting and shearing.
  • the mixture of grinding media has a portion in contact with air at an effective stage of processing, i.e., there is an "open” or “partially open” condition in which pressure or impact forces are released or partially released during the action of the material.
  • relatively “softer” or “harder” materials, such as tough metal particles it is difficult to achieve the desired effect and desired efficiency due to the limited strength and controllability of the processing.
  • both the non-circulating ball grinding and the vibrating grinding have the problem of separation of the grinding ball and the processed powder, and as the grinding ball is continuously consumed, the processing strength will change, which brings uncertainty to the processing process, and also has Centrifugal force is used to increase the grinding of the machining force, but this also has the cost of paying and the limitation of the final effect ratio.
  • the problem of noise, energy consumption and waste of the movement of the equipment body and the grinding ball are insurmountable. Among these defects, the most important are processing controllability and energy consumption. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for pulverizing and shaping, which have strong controllability of material processing strength, stable processing strength and high efficiency.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a pulverizing and shaping device characterized in that it comprises a cavity which can be changed by an external force between a plurality of forms, the cavity being made during a change of morphology
  • the inner powder particles are shaped by the force, and the cavity has a passage for feeding in and/or out of the material during the shaping process.
  • a pulverization and shaping method characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • step b applying an external force to the cavity to repeatedly change between the plurality of forms such that the powder particles inside the cavity are shaped by the force, and the cavity is allowed during the shaping process or It is not allowed to enter and/or exit materials.
  • the material is allowed to be discharged during the shaping process, and the shaped powder particles are filtered out of the cavity through the discharge channel, and are maintained by the feed channel feed and/or the shape change of the cavity.
  • Sufficient pressure in the chamber; or, allowing for feeding and discharging during shaping, and partial shaping The good powder particles are discharged from the outside of the chamber through the discharge channel for predetermined treatment, and are processed into the cavity through the feed channel for cyclic shaping after the treatment.
  • the force may be caused by impact, extrusion, between the processed powder particles or between the processed powder particles and the shaped auxiliary material or between the processed powder particles and the cavity.
  • Friction or shearing action covers the effects of various common concepts such as “collision”, “rolling”, “ ⁇ ”, etc.
  • the change in the shape of the cavity is partial or integral, the process of change A gradual or abrupt process with or without vibration.
  • the deformation of the cavity typically by controlling the combined action of the components constituting the cavity, changes the relative position of the cavity space and the powder particles therein, so that the powder particles in the cavity are mutually Between extrusion and other effects.
  • the particles of the processed material can be subjected to omnidirectional impact, extrusion, friction, rolling, boring, shearing, etc. in the cavity, the edges, burrs and the like of the surface of the particles can be removed, thereby pulverizing, shaping or pulverizing the powder particles.
  • the purpose of spheroidization is to effectively control the morphology of powder particles.
  • the invention can maintain the original properties of the material to be processed, and at the same time better overcome the disadvantages of other powder particle treatment methods such as rolling, ball milling and vibration grinding methods, and improve the controllability of the treatment, for example, Control of the strength of extrusion, impact, friction, shearing, etc., which is reflected in the control of the influencing factors of the processing effect.
  • the cavity has a passage for feeding and/or discharging during processing, material can be introduced and/or discharged during the process, that is, during the morphological change of the cavity, thereby achieving more efficient filling of the material particles filled therein.
  • the purpose of crushing and shaping For example, if material is allowed to be processed during processing, the new material particles that affect the efficiency of shaping can be quickly eliminated during the processing to improve the processing efficiency. On the other hand, it is also conducive to the formation of efficient continuous flow or cycle operations.
  • the processed or partially processed material is sent to the outside of the cavity, and other processing can be carried out, and the cavity can be used as the case may be.
  • Part of the processed material after in vitro treatment is returned to the cavity through the channel for processing, forming a cycle operation.
  • the use of the discharge channel tends to reduce the pressure in the non-cavity, it is entirely possible to compensate for this by maintaining the force in the cavity by controlling the action of the assembly and/or simultaneously increasing the feed.
  • the invention has strong controllability and strong adaptability to the object to be processed (for particle size, hardness, etc.), such as applying vibration changes to the component to enhance the impact and changing the shape of the component, so that the processing can be selectively performed.
  • the equipment materials available for the present invention are widely selected and economical, and can achieve automated scale production while achieving a predetermined processing target.
  • the invention can be used as a better choice for shaping or spheroidizing the powder particles, and can also effectively perform forced pulverization or deep grinding of the powder.
  • the features and technical advantages of the present invention are set forth in the ⁇ RTIgt; Other features and advantages of the invention will be described below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosed concepts and embodiments can be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures to accomplish the same objectives of the invention.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2c are schematic views showing the structure and operation mode of an embodiment of the pulverizing and shaping device of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2a to 2c are schematic views showing the structure and operation mode of another embodiment of the pulverizing and shaping device of the present invention
  • 3 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of the pulverizing and shaping device of the present invention
  • 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of another embodiment of the pulverizing and shaping device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1a shows the basic principle of the invention, as shown in Figures la-lc.
  • the pulverizing and shaping device employs an ideal elastic cavity
  • the powder particles are wrapped in the elastic cavity.
  • the elastic cavity will produce lateral horizontal deformation (even expansion), from a spherical shape to an ellipsoidal shape as shown in Figure lb.
  • Figure lc when the external force is removed, the elastic cavity returns to its original shape.
  • the external force shown to cause deformation of the elastic cavity is pressure, but the external force is not limited to the pressure, and for example, the elastic cavity may be pressed to deform it.
  • the powder particles in different parts of the cavity will be squeezed in multiple directions; at the same time, due to the deformation (or volume) of the cavity, the intergranular particles between adjacent powders will occur. Squeeze, friction, and shear are generated by relative movement, although the degree of extrusion and friction differs depending on the difference in the position of the cavity (three points A, B, and C in Figures l a , lb, and lc).
  • the treatment effect of the powder particles depends on the elastic encapsulation force of the outer layer and the deformation amplitude, speed, etc.
  • the present invention can be implemented in an embodiment different from the above-described elastic cavity if the following conditions are satisfied:
  • the component material has reliability and durability with respect to the material to be processed (powder particles or a mixture with other media);
  • a typical comminuting and shaping device can include a plurality of independently actuatable components that form a cavity, control the combined action of several components, will change the space of the material being processed in the cavity, and fill the powder particles in the cavity (or The mixture with the auxiliary medium) is subjected to a multi-directional force.
  • controlling the action and state of the components in contact with the powder particles can cause the powder particles in the cavity to be squeezed, rolled, rubbed, sheared, smashed, vibrated, etc., thereby removing the edge and burrs of the particles, and achieving the right
  • the purpose of pulverizing, shaping or spheroidizing the powder particles, in the process, the material to be treated also acts as a medium for transmitting force.
  • the cavity has a passage for feeding and discharging during processing, and the material can be in and out during the process of changing the shape of the cavity, so as to achieve more efficient pulverization and shaping of the material particles filled therein. .
  • the volume can be reduced by the action of the feed (in this case, the passage of the feed) and/or the assembly to compensate for this. Therefore, during the processing, the material can enter and exit, and even allow the material in the cavity to be unclosed and overflow, and the pressure is leaked, as long as the volume of the cavity containing the material to be processed is controlledly reduced and has a tendency to shrink, or Changes in the material itself, such as the precipitation of new materials or their own volume expansion, or the above situation occurs at the same time, can maintain the pressure required for processing in the cavity, to achieve the purpose of effective processing and shaping.
  • the number of components in contact with the powder particles can be varied and their state controlled, such as by controlling the forces on the components and the direction of movement, speed of movement, or deformation of the components themselves. And/or vibration, the size and shape of the space occupied by the powder particles in the cavity, and the relative position between the powder particles are changed, so that continuous relative movement and interaction between the particles occurs.
  • the forces on these components are controllable preset external forces that allow the powder particles to be adjusted to control the strength of the process, including the mode of action, amplitude, frequency of action, magnitude and duration of force, etc. .
  • a mutation method may be employed, which may be a method of causing the powder particles to vibrate or a non-vibration method.
  • a mutation method in addition to selecting the component structure and mode of operation constituting the cavity, it is also possible to change the discharge damping by controlling the size of the discharge channel, adding a cavity filtering separation member at the discharge port, and the like. Aspects to achieve the intensity control of processing.
  • additional agitation means within the chamber are preferred which enhances consistency of processing of the powder particles within the chamber.
  • the cavity has a piston structure extending from the exterior to the interior thereof, the piston structure including at least one independent piston.
  • the cavity includes a cylinder 100, and first to second piston assemblies 101-103 that are piston-mounted on the cylinder 100, The first piston assembly 101 is positioned to move in a first direction, the piston movement of the second piston assembly 102 is positioned in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction are substantially parallel, and the cavity is further There is a discharge opening and a matching discharge door.
  • the discharge door is a third piston assembly 103, and more preferably, the third piston assembly 103 has a tapered front end toward the discharge port so as to be able to select an open or partially open corresponding
  • the discharge port is closed or closed.
  • the cavity further includes an agitator 104 mounted to the cavity.
  • the components have smooth contact surfaces that remain rigid throughout the processing cycle, and the first to second piston assemblies 101-102 and the agitator 104 that act as pistons remain sealed to the cavity.
  • the material particles are filled in the cavity, and the cavity maintains a certain pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, preferably no air is present in the cavity.
  • the pressures P1, P2 on the two piston assemblies are changed such that the upward force acting on the first piston assembly 101 by the material particles is greater than the first piston assembly 101.
  • the first piston assembly 101 is lifted outward.
  • a processing cycle is completed.
  • the powder particles in the cavity are also subjected to the effects including the pressing force, the shearing force, and the frictional force.
  • the material particles may be stirred simultaneously using the agitator 104 during the above treatment.
  • the cavity is provided with a variable "elasticity" during which the actual change in the cavity space formed by the components containing the material being processed occurs.
  • the powder particles in the chamber are forced to flow, so that the material to be processed is subjected to shaping under controlled pressure. It should be noted that although the ultimate object of processing and processing is powder particle monomer, the processing is actually directly applied to these mutually contacting monomer powder particles or groups or partial populations composed of other media.
  • Effective action means that the processed powder particles are subjected to other forces than gravity, resulting in the effect of shaping, rubbing, shearing, rolling, etc. to achieve a shaping effect.
  • the discharge port size can be adjusted by controlling the third piston assembly 103 to be inserted into or out of the discharge port, and the processed or partially processed or unneeded materials can be selectively discharged in time.
  • the chamber may also have a feed opening that can be used to feed during processing. In particular, it is possible to simultaneously feed from the feed port during discharge during processing, which maintains the pressure in the chamber in cooperation with the first and second piston assemblies 101, 102 to maintain the processing force.
  • the feed port and the discharge port can be connected to form a closed loop together with the circulating portion forming the outside of the chamber, and other processes can be added to the circulation portion outside the chamber to enhance the utility of the device.
  • the difference from the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is that only one piston assembly is used for the purpose of treating the material particles. For comminuting and shaping devices, it is also feasible to control the piston assembly to perform piston movement within the chamber.
  • the vibration component can be superimposed on the basis of the external force that drives the piston assembly to perform the piston movement, and at the same time, the material particles are uniformly shaped by using the cavity stirring or the extracorporeal circulation stirring.
  • the cavity is further provided with a feed port, and the feed port can be equipped with a unidirectional width.
  • a piston 105 is disposed inside the cavity, which is similar in shape to FIG. Piston configured at the discharge port. The feed port is available for feeding during processing.
  • the vibration action can be superimposed on the basis of the force of impact, extrusion, etc. transmitted by the assembly.
  • the comminuting and shaping device may be provided with a cooling device to dissipate the frictional heat without altering the properties of the processed powder.
  • the comminuting and shaping device may be provided with a thermal insulation device to operate in a warmed state, which is suitable for powders that need to be processed at a certain temperature.
  • the design embodying the principles of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, such as increasing the number of components and changing the size, shape, and operation of each component, including vibration, rotation, deformation of the component itself, etc., to increase relative movement between the powder particles in the cavity.
  • the piston assembly itself is not elastic, and an assembly provided with an elastic member may be used to make the assembly itself elastic.
  • an elastic force of the elastic member it is also possible to apply a pulling force from the outside instead of the pressure, and it is also possible to change the cavity between a plurality of forms.
  • a powder particle shaping method comprising the steps of: a. filling a powder particle to be processed into a cavity, the cavity having a material for feeding in and/or out during the shaping process aisle;
  • the material is allowed to be discharged during the shaping process, and the shaped powder particles are filtered out of the cavity through the discharge channel, and are fed through the feed channel and/or the shape of the cavity.
  • the change is to maintain sufficient pressure in the cavity; or, the feeding and discharging are allowed in the shaping process, and the partially shaped powder particles are discharged out of the cavity through the discharge channel for predetermined treatment, and are sent through the feeding channel after the treatment Into the cavity for cyclic shaping.
  • the cavity employed has a piston structure extending from the exterior to the interior thereof, the piston structure comprising at least two independently acting piston assemblies, said step b
  • the method includes: applying different pressures to the at least two independent pistons while maintaining the internal pressure of the cavity, such that a part of the piston is pressed into the cavity and the other part is pushed outward; Then, on the contrary, the cycle is continued for several times until the shaping requirements of the powder particles are reached.
  • the apparatus and method of the present invention are suitable for shaping and pulverizing a plurality of powders, and can also be used for pulverizing and further shaping the dispersed agglomerates.
  • the present invention has a better treatment effect on powder particles having less elasticity and greater rigidity than powder particles having a relatively large elasticity.

Abstract

一种粉碎与整形装置,包括可受外力而变化于多种形态之间的腔体,所述腔体在形态的变化过程中使其内部的粉体颗粒受力的作用而被整形,所述腔体具有用于在整形过程中供物料进和/或出的通道。一种粉碎与整形方法,包括以下步骤:a.将待加工的粉末颗粒填充到腔体中,所述腔体具有用于在整形过程中供物料进和/或出的通道;b.对所述腔体施加外力使其反复变化于多种形态之间,以使所述腔体内部的粉体颗粒受到力的作用而被整形,且所述腔体在整形过程中允许进和/或出物料。采用本发明的装置或方法,对物料的加工力度可控性强,加工强度稳定,效率高。

Description

说 明 书
本申请要求申请日为 2011年 10月 8曰, 申请号为 "201110294947. 4", 名称为 "粉体颗粒整形的方法和装置" 的在先申请的优先权。 技术领域
本发明涉及物料整形加工, 特别是涉及一种粉碎与整形的装置和方法。 背景技术
物料粉碎和研磨是粉体工程的重要内容,它广泛应用于国民经济的各个 领域, 而物料改性加工能够优化材料性能或实现特定功能。物料颗粒的形貌 调控是对颗粒的外形表面进行有预期目的的加工处理, 以实现颗粒单体或整 体的特殊功能, 是提高某些产品最终性能的中间环节。 相对球形化可提高粉 体的振实密度、 填充密度和流动性等, 如水泥粉颗粒的球形化可提高水泥性 能, 金属油墨颗粒球形化可增加反光度, 提高印刷质量, 球形化的铜粉、 石 墨、 锡粉在其特定的应用领域显示了优越性。 物料粉碎、粉体表面整形或形貌调控有多种途径, 机械的传统整形方法 通常采用碾压、 辊轧、 球磨、 振磨 (即振动研磨) 的方式。 碾压是将粉体置 入一环形槽内, 由受驱动的圆形压辊围绕中心轴转动对堆积粉体进行碾压, 辊辗与其相似, 只是物料由高处下落于两辊之间, 并承受双辊压力。 辊轧是 使粉体团块落入相互平行并具有一定间隙的轧辊间粉碎和整形。球磨是将粉 体与硬度大且耐磨的研磨球按一定比例混合后放入滚桶中, 滚桶沿轴旋转, 滚桶内的研磨球在桶体旋转过程中被举高然后落下,从而使粉体受到冲击并 使颗粒之间相互受力和摩擦。振磨方式与球磨方式相似, 区别在振动桶体是 沿单一方向以一定频率往复运动, 从而使研磨球对物料进行冲击与研磨。近 来也有清华大学专利,描述了一种采用高速击打、 剪切的方式对粉体进行球 形化或形貌调控的方法和设备。 研磨介质的混合体在有效的被加工阶段存在与空气接触的部分, 即存在 "开 放"或 "部分开放"的情况, 在物料受作用期间, 压力或冲击力会得到释放 或部分释放。对于相对 "较软"或 "较硬"的物料, 如具有韧性的金属颗粒, 由于加工处理的绝对力度以及可控性有限, 难以达到预期效果和期望的效 率。此外,非循环式球磨与振动研磨都存在研磨球与被加工粉体的分离问题, 并且随着研磨球的不断消耗, 加工强度将发生变化, 这给加工工艺带来不确 定性, 此外, 也有利用离心力来增加加工力度的研磨, 但这样同样存在付出 的代价和最后所获效果比例高的局限性。 而且, 噪声问题、 带动设备机体与 研磨球运动的能耗浪费问题都是难以克服的。这些缺陷中, 最主要的是加工 可控性和能耗。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种粉碎与整形的装置和方法,其对物料的加工 力度可控性强, 加工强度稳定, 效率高。 为实现上述目的, 本发明采用以下技术方案: 一种粉碎与整形装置,其特征在于,包括可受外力而变化于多种形态之 间的腔体,所述腔体在形态的变化过程中使其内部的粉体颗粒受力的作用而 被整形, 所述腔体具有用于在整形过程中供物料进和 /或出的通道。 一种粉碎与整形方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
a. 将待加工的粉末颗粒填充到腔体中, 所述腔体具有用于在整形过程 中供物料进和 /或出的通道;
b. 对所述腔体施加外力使其反复变化于多种形态之间, 以使所述腔体 内部的粉体颗粒受到力的作用而被整形,且所述腔体在整形过程中允许或是 不允许进和 /或出物料。 在所述步骤 b中, 在整形过程中允许出料, 将已整形好的部分粉体颗粒 经出料通道过滤排出腔体外, 且通过进料通道进料和 /或腔体的形态变化来 保持腔体内足够的压力; 或者, 在整形过程中允许进料和出料, 且部分整形 好的粉体颗粒通过出料通道排出腔体外进行预定的处理,处理完后通过进料 通道送入腔体进行循环整形。 本发明中,所述力的作用可以是被加工粉体颗粒之间的或被加工粉体颗 粒和整形辅料之间的或被加工粉体颗粒与所述腔体之间的冲击、 挤压、 摩擦 或剪切作用 (以上涵盖 "碰撞"、 "滚碾"、 "揉搓"等各种通常概念的力的作 用), 所述腔体形态的变化为局部的或是整体的, 所述变化过程为带有或不 带有振动的渐变的或突变的过程。 根据本发明装置及方法, 通过腔体的形变, 典型地, 通过控制构成腔体 的组件的组合动作, 使腔体空间及其中的粉体颗粒相对位置发生变化, 使腔 体内的粉体颗粒相互之间受到挤压等作用。由于被加工物料颗粒在腔体内可 受到全方位的冲击、 挤压、 摩擦、 滚碾、 揉搓、 剪切等作用, 从而能够去除 颗粒表面的棱角、 毛刺等, 达到对粉体颗粒粉碎、 整形或球形化的目的, 有 效实现对粉体颗粒形貌的调控。 区别于传统的高速冲击、 剪切方式的 "冷加工", 通过对构成腔体的组 件的形状、 施加的外力的大小、 动作模式 (例如较慢地挤压、 较快地冲击、 和 /或振动) 等加以控制, 本发明能维持被加工物料原有性状, 同时较好地 克服了其它粉体颗粒处理方式例如碾轧、 球磨、 振磨方法的缺点, 提高了处 理的可控性, 如对于挤压、 冲击、 摩擦、 剪切等力度的控制, 这体现在对加 工效果有影响因素的控制,在粉体颗粒加工的期间, 由于整形腔体的"囊括" 作用, 哪怕有部分物料从通道进出, 对于空气也不存在完全开放的情况, 使 得处理力度可以一直维持在稳定有效的水平。 由于腔体具有可供在加工时进和 /或出料的通道, 在加工过程即腔体的 形态变化过程中可以进和 /或出物料, 从而达到对充满于其中的物料颗粒进 行更有效率的粉碎、 整形加工的目的。 例如, 若加工时允许出物料, 首先能 在加工过程中迅速排除整形所产生的影响效率的新的物料颗粒,提高加工效 率, 另一方面, 还有利于形成高效的连续流水作业或循环作业, 将已加工好 或部分加工好的物料送到腔体外, 可实施其它加工处理, 并视情况可将经腔 体外处理后的部分加工好的物料通过通道返送回腔体再加工, 形成循环作 业。尽管出料通道的使用使非腔体内的压力有减小的趋势, 但完全可以通过 控制组件的动作和 /或同时增加进料等方式保持腔内作用力度, 以对此作出 弥补。 本发明相对于传统的方案加工可控性强, 对被加工对象适应性强(对于 颗粒度大小、 硬度等), 如使组件施加振动变化以加强冲击、 改变组件形状 能使加工处理选择性地侧重于局部剪切或揉搓等,还可节约空间,提高效率, 降低噪声污染与能耗。此外,本发明可用的设备材料选择广泛,具有经济性, 在达到既定加工目标的同时, 能够实现自动化规模化生产。 本发明既可作 为粉体颗粒整形或球形化的较优选择,也能够有效地对粉体进行强制粉碎或 深度研磨。 前述已经较广泛地阐述了本发明的特征和技术优势, 以便能够更好地理 解本发明的详细描述。本发明的其它特征和优势将在以下描述。 本领域技术 人员应该理解,披露的概念和具体实施例可以很容易地被使用作为基础用来 修改或设计其它结构以完成本发明的相同目的。本领域技术人员也应该认识 到, 这种等同的构造并没有偏移本发明的精神和范围。 被认为是本发明特点 的新颖性特征, 其结构和运作方法, 以及进一步的目的和优点, 从以下的描 述并结合附图将被更好地理解。 但是, 应该深刻地认识到, 提供的每个特征 都仅是为了描述和说明, 而不是意在限制本发明的定义。 附图说明
图 la至图 lc为本发明粉碎与整形装置一种理想情况的实施例的结构及 动作模式示意图; 图 2a至图 2c为本发明粉碎与整形装置另一种实施例的结构及动作模式 示意图; 图 3为本发明粉碎与整形装置又一种实施例的结构示意图; 图 4为本发明粉碎与整形装置另一种实施例的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
以下通过实施例结合附图对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。 如图 la-图 lc所示, 该实施例示出了本发明的基本原理。 如图 la所示, 若粉碎与整形装置采用一理想弹性腔体, 将粉体颗粒包 裹于该弹性腔体内。 初始状态, 粉体颗粒仅受到因包裹力而受到挤压。 对该 腔体上下施加相等压力,该弹性腔体将产生横向水平变形(甚至膨胀), 由球 形变成如图 lb所示的椭球形。 如图 lc所示, 当外力撤除时, 该弹性腔体恢 复到原来形状。 图示的导致弹性腔体变形的外力为压力, 但这种外力不限于 压力, 例如也可以是对弹性腔体施压拉力使其发生变形。 在这一循环过程中,腔体内不同部位的粉体颗粒将受到多方位的挤压; 与此同时, 由于腔体变形 (或体积也有变化), 将发生位于其中的相邻粉体 颗粒间因相对移动而产生挤压、 摩擦、 剪切, 尽管挤压与磨擦程度因处于腔 体不同位置 (如图 la、 lb、 lc中的 A、 B、 C三点) 的差异而有不同。 粉体 颗粒的处理效果取决于外层弹性包裹力以及受外力导致的变形幅度、 速度 等, 而这些都可以加以控制。 同时, 在弹性腔体上开设有至少一个通道以用于在加工的同时进 /出物 料, 使得边加工边可进 /出物料, 这一方面能在加工过程中迅速排除加工时 产生的影响效率的新的物料颗粒, 优化整形效果, 提高加工效率, 另一方面 可形成高效的连续流水作业或循环作业,将已加工好或部分加工好的物料送 到腔体外, 可实施其它加工处理, 并视情况可将腔体外处理后的物料再通过 通道返送回腔体进行进一步加工。 基于上述揭示, 若满足以下条件, 则可以以不同于上述弹性腔体的实施 例来实施本发明:
1 ) 可模拟弹性腔体的变形; 2 ) 使腔体内作用的力可调节;
3 )相对于被加工物料(粉体颗粒或与其它介质的混合体), 组件材料具 有可靠性、 耐用性;
4) 设置有可供在加工时进或 /出料的通道。 一个典型的粉碎与整形的装置,可以包括构成腔体的若干可独立动作的 组件, 控制若干组件的组合动作, 将改变腔体内被加工物料的空间, 并使充 满腔体内的粉体颗粒(或与辅助介质的混合体)承受多方位的力的作用。 例 如, 控制与粉体颗粒接触的组件的动作和状态, 可使腔体内粉体颗粒受到挤 压、 滚碾、 摩擦、 剪切、 揉搓、 振动等作用, 从而去除颗粒表面棱角、 毛刺, 达到对粉体颗粒粉碎、 整形或球形化的目的, 在此过程中, 被处理物料同时 也起到了传递力的介质的作用。 所述腔体具有可供在加工时进出料的通道, 在加工过程即腔体的形态变化过程中可进出物料, 以达到对充满于其中的物 料颗粒进行更有效率的粉碎、 整形加工的目的。尽管出料通道的使用使非腔 体内的压力有减小的趋势, 但可通过进料(此情形下另设有进料的通道)和 /或组件的动作使容积缩小以对此作出弥补。 因此, 在加工过程中, 物料可 以有进出, 甚至容许腔体内物料未封闭而溢出, 压力外泄, 只要腔体容纳被 加工物料的那部分容积被有控制地缩小和具有缩小的趋势,或由于物料本身 变化如析出新材料或本身体积膨胀, 或以上情况同时发生, 就能维持腔体内 加工处理所需的压力, 达到有效加工整形之目的。 在不同的实施例里,可改变与粉体颗粒接触的组件的数量并且控制它们 的状态, 如通过控制这些组件上的力以及这些组件的移动方向、 移动速度, 或使组件本身发生转动、 变形和 /或振动, 使腔体内粉体颗粒所占空间的大 小、 形状、 以及粉体颗粒之间相对位置发生变化, 从而发生持续的颗粒间的 相对移动和相互作用。这些组件上的力是可控制的预设外力, 这种外力使粉 体颗粒所受力得以调节, 从而能控制加工力度, 包括作用的方式、 幅度、 作 用频率、 力的大小和持续时间等等。 在一些实施例中,腔体从一种状态变化到另一种状态的方式可有多种选 择, 既可以是整体性的变化, 也可以只是局部上的变化, 既可以采用渐进方 式, 也可以采用突变方式, 既可以是导致粉体颗粒发生振动的方式, 也可以 是非振动的方式。在一些实施例中, 除了可以通过选择构成腔体的组件结构 及动作模式外, 还可以通过控制出料通道大小、 在出料口处增加腔体过滤分 离部件等, 改变出料阻尼, 从这些方面来实现加工处理的力度控制。 在一些实施例中, 腔体内附加搅动装置是较佳的, 其可以提高对腔体内 粉体颗粒加工处理的一致性。
在一种典型的实施例中, 腔体具有自外部延伸到其内部的活塞式结构, 该活 塞式结构包括至少一个独立的活塞。 如图 2a至图 2c 所示, 在一个较具体的实施例中, 腔体包括缸体 100、 以活塞方式装配在所述缸体 100上的第一至第二活塞组件 101-103, 所述第 一活塞组件 101运动定位在第一方向上,所述第二活塞组件 102的活塞运动 定位在第二方向上 , 所述第一方向和所述第二方向大体上平行, 所述腔体 还设有出料口和与之相配合的出料门。优选地, 所述出料门为第三活塞组件 103, 更优选地, 所述第三活塞组件 103具有朝所述出料口方向的逐渐变尖 的前端, 以便于能够选择开放或部分开放相应出料口, 或对其实施封闭。 更 优选地,所述腔体还包括安装在所述腔体的搅拌器 104。各组件接触面光滑, 在整个加工循环过程中均保持刚性, 起活塞作用的第一至第二活塞组件 101-102以及搅拌器 104对腔体是保持密封的。 以下描述采用上述实施例的装置对粉末颗粒进行有效整形处理:
1、 如图 2a所示, 初始状态下, 将物料颗粒充满于腔体内, 腔体内维持 一定的大于大气压的压力, 优选在腔体内尽可能没有空气。
2、 如图 2b所示, 当第一活塞组件 101组件受到足够大的外部压力 P1 , 而通过被加工物料颗粒传递作用于第二活塞组件 102上的向上的力大于第二 活塞组件 102上的外部压力 P2时, 第二活塞组件 102被顶起向外移动, 直 到如图 2c所示的状态。 在该过程中, 缸体内物料颗粒在承受着压力的同时,因组件的相对移动, 容 纳物料颗粒的空间产生变化, 因此物料颗粒被迫进行移动以适应这种变化, 而这种移动会因物料颗粒在腔体内不同位置 (如图中的 A、 B位置) 的差异 而不同。 由于腔体内物料颗粒间是连续接触的, 这样就存在移动方向、 移动 速度的差异, 因此颗粒既受到了挤压又受到了摩擦、 剪切等有效作用。
3、 如图 2c所示, 当组件移动到一定程度时, 改变两活塞组件上的压力 Pl、 P2, 使得通过物料颗粒传递作用于第一活塞组件 101上的向上的力大于 第一活塞组件 101上的外力 P1 ,则第一活塞组件 101被向外顶起。直到返回 到如图 2a所示的起始位置, 完成一个处理周期。 在此过程中, 腔体内的粉 末颗粒同样受到包括挤压力、 剪切力、 摩擦力在内的作用。 优选地, 为使此腔体内颗粒受到均匀一致的处理, 在上述处理过程中可 以同时使用搅拌器 104对物料颗粒进行搅拌。 根据需要, 对上述 2、 3的处理循环执行, 持续多次, 直到达到一定的 颗粒整形要求。 通过控制第一和第二活塞组件 101、 102的往复运动, 相当 于使腔体具有可变的 "弹性", 在有效作用期间, 容纳被加工物料的这些组 件构成的腔体空间发生实际变化, 腔体内粉末颗粒被强制流动, 从而使被加 工物料受到可控压力下的整形作用。 需要说明, 尽管处理与加工的最终对象 是粉末颗粒单体,但加工实际是直接作用在这些相互接触的单体粉末颗粒或 与其他介质组成的群体或部分群体上。 "有效作用"或 "有效处理"是指被 加工粉末颗粒受到重力以外的其它力的作用而导致受挤压、 摩擦、 剪切、 滚 碾等达到整形效果的作用。 在以上过程中,可通过控制第三活塞组件 103插入出料口或从出料口伸 出来调节出料口大小,选择性地使加工好或部分加工好或不需要的物料及时 排出。 所述腔体还可以开设进料口, 其可用于在加工过程中进料。 尤其是, 在加工过程中出料时, 可以同时从进料口进料, 这样可协同第一和第二活塞 组件 101、 102维持腔体内压力, 保持加工力度。 另一方面, 由于在加工过 程中允许进出料, 可以形成高效率的连续流水作业。 在又一些实施例中, 还 可连接进料口和出料口以与形成腔体外的循环部分一起形成一个的封闭循 环, 而在腔体外的循环部分可附加其它处理过程, 增强了本装置的实用性。 如图 3所示, 另一个实施例中, 与图 2所示的实施例的区别在于只用一 个活塞组件来达到处理物料颗粒的目的。对粉碎与整形装置来说, 控制一个 活塞组件在腔体内进行活塞运动也是可行的。优选地, 可以在驱动此活塞组 件进行活塞运动的外力的基础上叠加振动成份, 同时, 利用腔体内搅拌或体 外循环搅拌达到对物料颗粒均匀整形。 如图 4所示, 在另一个实施例中, 所述腔体还开设有进料口, 该进料口 可配以单向阔, 例如在腔体内部设置活塞 105, 形状上类似于图 3在出料口 处配置的活塞。 该进料口可供在加工过程中进料。 同样地, 在图 1和图 2所示的实施例以及其他实施例中, 也可以在组件 传递的冲击、 挤压等作用力基础上叠加振动作用。 在另一些实施例中, 粉碎与整形装置还可以设置有冷却装置, 以使摩擦 热量耗散, 不会改变被加工粉体性状。 在又一些实施例中, 粉碎与整形装置还可以设置有保温装置, 以在保温 状态下工作, 这适用于需在一定温度下加工的粉体。 体现本发明原理的设计不限于上述具体实施例,如可以增加组件数量以 及改变各组件的尺寸、 形状以及操作动作, 包括振动、 旋转、 组件本身变形 等以增加腔内粉体颗粒之间相对移动的几率和有目的地选择对颗粒的整形 方式, 还可在被整形物料中添加辅助剂, 从而提高工作效率和效果, 增强其 适用性, 充分发挥本发明的优势。 例如, 前述活塞组件本身是不具备弹性的, 还可以采用配置有弹性构件 的组件从而使组件本身具备弹性。借助弹性构件的弹力, 也可以从外部对组 件施加拖拉的力而非压力, 同样可以起到使腔体变化于多种形态之间。 根据本发明, 还提供一种粉末颗粒整形方法, 包括以下步骤: a. 将待加工的粉末颗粒填充到腔体中, 所述腔体具有用于在整形过程 中供物料进和 /或出的通道;
b. 对所述腔体施加外力使其反复变化于多种形态之间, 以使所述腔体 内部的粉体颗粒受到力的作用而被整形,且所述腔体在整形过程中允许或是 不允许进和 /或出物料。 优选地, 在所述步骤 b中, 在整形过程中允许出料, 将已整形好的部分 粉体颗粒经出料通道过滤排出腔体外, 且通过进料通道进料和 /或腔体的形 态变化来保持腔体内足够的压力; 或者, 在整形过程中允许进料和出料, 且 部分整形好的粉体颗粒通过出料通道排出腔体外进行预定的处理,处理完后 通过进料通道送入腔体进行循环整形。 参见图 2a-图 2c , 在优选的实施例中, 所采用的腔体具有自外部延伸 到其内部的活塞式结构, 所述活塞式结构包括至少两个独立作用的活塞组 件, 所述步骤 b包括: 在维持所述腔体内部压力的情形下, 对所述至少两个 独立的活塞分别施加不同的压力,使得一部分活塞向所述腔体内部压入而另 一部分活塞被向外顶起, 然后反之, 持续多次循环, 直至达到粉末颗粒的整 形要求。 本领域技术人员能够理解, 更具体而言, 本发明方法可实施的其它更优 细节已经体现在本发明装置的前述各种实施例的设计及使用过程中。 本发明的设备和方法适用于多种粉体的整形和粉碎,也可以用于对分散 团块进行粉碎和进一步的整形处理。 相对弹性较大的粉体颗粒而言, 本发明 对于弹性较小而刚性较大的粉体颗粒有更好处理效果。 尽管已经详细描述了本发明及其优点, 应该理解, 在不偏移本发明的精 神和范围内, 可以做出各种变化、 替换和更改。 此外, 本发明应用的范围并 不限于在说明书里描述的过程、 机器、 制造、 物质组成、 方式、 方法和步骤 的特定实施例。从本发明的披露, 本领域技术人员将容易利用实质上执行了 与这里说明的相应实施例相同功能或实现了相同结果的现有的或以后将开 发的过程、 机器、 制造、 物质组成、 方式、 方法或步骤。 因此, 所附权利要 求意在包括这些过程、 机器、 制造、 物质组成、 方式、 方法或步骤。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种粉碎与整形装置,其特征在于,包括可受外力而变化于多种形态之间 的腔体,所述腔体在形态的变化过程中使其内部的粉体颗粒受力的作用而被 整形, 所述腔体具有用于在整形过程中供物料进和 /或出的通道。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的粉碎与整形装置,其特征在于,所述力的作用为被 加工粉体颗粒之间的或被加工粉体颗粒和整形辅料之间的或被加工粉体颗 粒与所述腔体之间的冲击、 挤压、 摩擦或剪切作用, 所述腔体形态的变化为 局部的或是整体的,所述变化过程为带有或不带有振动的渐变的或突变的过 程。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的粉碎与整形装置,其特征在于,所述腔体具有至少 一个进料口和至少一个出料口。
4. 根据权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的粉碎与整形装置,其特征在于, 所述腔 体具有自外部延伸到其内部的活塞式结构,所述活塞式结构包括至少一个独 立作用的活塞。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的粉碎与整形装置,其特征在于, 所述腔体包括缸体 和以活塞方式装配在所述缸体上的第一活塞组件, 所述供物料进和 /或出的 通道包括一个出料口和与所述出料口相配合的第三活塞组件,所述第三活塞 组件具有朝所述出料口方向的逐渐变尖的前端, 用于对所述出料口实施开 放、 部分开放或封闭。
6. 根据权利要求 3所述的粉碎与整形装置,其特征在于, 所述腔体包括缸体 和以活塞方式装配在所述缸体上的至少第一活塞组件和第二活塞组件,所述 第一活塞组件的活塞运动定位在第一方向上,所述第二活塞组件的活塞运动 也定位在第二方向上, 所述供物料进和 /或出的通道包括一个出料口和与所 述出料口相配合的第三活塞组件,所述第三活塞组件具有朝所述出料口方向 的逐渐变尖的前端,用于对所述出料口实施开放、部分开放或封闭,优选地, 所述第一方向和所述第二方向为大体上平行的或大体上垂直的。
7. 根据权利要求 1-6任一项所述的粉碎与整形装置,其特征在于,所还包括 安装在所述腔体中的搅拌器。
8. 一种粉碎与整形方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
a. 将待加工的粉末颗粒填充到腔体中, 所述腔体具有用于在整形过程 中供物料进和 /或出的通道;
b. 对所述腔体施加外力使其反复变化于多种形态之间, 以使所述腔体 内部的粉体颗粒受到力的作用而被整形,且所述腔体在整形过程中允许或是 不允许进和 /或出物料。
9. 根据权利要求 8 所述的粉碎与整形方法,其特征在于,所述力的作用为被 加工粉体颗粒之间的或被加工粉体颗粒和整形辅料之间的或被加工粉体颗 粒与所述腔体之间的冲击、 挤压、 摩擦或剪切作用, 所述腔体形态的变化为 局部的或是整体的,所述变化过程为带有或不带有振动的渐变的或突变的过 程。
10.根据权利要求 8或 9所述的粉碎与整形方法,其特征在于, 在所述步骤 b 中, 在整形过程中允许出料, 将已整形好的部分粉体颗粒经出料通道过滤排 出腔体外, 且通过进料通道进料和 /或腔体的形态变化来保持腔体内足够的 压力; 或者, 在整形过程中允许进料和出料, 且部分整形好的粉体颗粒通过 出料通道排出腔体外进行预定的处理,处理完后通过进料通道送入腔体进行 循环整形。
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JP2003181320A (ja) * 2001-12-18 2003-07-02 Kawata Mfg Co Ltd 造粒装置
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