WO2013048972A2 - Fluides synthétiques de forage de champ de pétrole - Google Patents

Fluides synthétiques de forage de champ de pétrole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013048972A2
WO2013048972A2 PCT/US2012/056975 US2012056975W WO2013048972A2 WO 2013048972 A2 WO2013048972 A2 WO 2013048972A2 US 2012056975 W US2012056975 W US 2012056975W WO 2013048972 A2 WO2013048972 A2 WO 2013048972A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diolefin
drilling fluid
olefins
oil field
composition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/056975
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013048972A3 (fr
Inventor
Manuel Luis Cano
Howard Lam Ho Fong
Todd Paul PELTIER
Jenny Qinhong Ye
Original Assignee
Shell Oil Company
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Oil Company, Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. filed Critical Shell Oil Company
Publication of WO2013048972A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013048972A2/fr
Publication of WO2013048972A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013048972A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
    • C09K8/36—Water-in-oil emulsions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to synthetic linear olefin oil field drilling fluids and to processes for making synthetic oil field drilling fluids.
  • drilling mud or simply “mud”.
  • the drilling fluid is expected to carry cuttings from beneath the bit, transport them up the annulus, and permit their separation at the surface while at the same time the rotary bit is cooled and cleaned.
  • a drilling fluid is also intended to reduce friction between the drill string and the sides of the hole while maintaining the stability of uncased sections of the bore hole.
  • the drilling fluid is formulated to prevent unwanted influxes of formation fluids from permeable rocks penetrated and likewise to form a thin, low permeability filter cake which seals pores and other openings in formations penetrated by the bit.
  • drilling fluid is used to collect and interpret information available from drill cuttings, cores and electrical logs .
  • Drilling fluids are typically classified according to their base material.
  • water based muds solid particles are suspended in water or brine. Oil can be emulsified in the water but water is the continuous phase. Oil based muds are exactly the opposite. Solid particles are suspended in oil and water or brine is emulsified in the oil and therefore the oil is the continuous phase.
  • Non-polluting, minimally toxic drilling fluids based on synthetic hydrocarbons are known.
  • Such synthetic drilling fluids have molecular weights of from 120 to 1000, are derived from olefinic monomers and display functional characteristics, e.g., viscosity
  • Such olefinic monomers are from the groups having a carbon chain from Ci 4 to C28r preferably from Ci 4 to C20r having one double bond.
  • the drilling fluids made from these olefins exhibit minimal toxicity toward aquatic life and possess valuable rheological properties.
  • the monoolefins useful in synthetic oil based drilling fluids can be produced by a variety of methods. Two commonly used methods are:
  • Such synthetic oil field drilling base fluids could be made at lower capital and operating costs because the olefin or alkyl halide conversion per pass could be dramatically increased and because no selective hydrogenation step would be necessary .
  • the present invention provides a cost effective process for converting paraffins into highly effective synthetic oil field drilling base fluids based on linear olefins.
  • step (d) combining the olefins from step (c) with a weight material and water to make an oil field drilling fluid.
  • the present invention provides a process for making oil field drilling fluids from paraffins which comprises:
  • the present invention also provides a synthetic drilling fluid composition comprising water, a weight material and at least one monoolefin with a diolefin and/or triolefin content of at least about 500 parts per million.
  • the diolefin and/or triolefin content may be up to about 85 percent by weight (%wt) in the olefin.
  • the present invention also provides a synthetic drilling fluid wherein the pour point according to ASTM Method
  • D 97 is less than -15°C
  • the sediment toxicity base fluid toxicity ratio according to ASTM Method E1367-99 is less than 1
  • the biodegradation rate ratio according to ISO 11734:1995 method is less than 1
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40°C according to ASTM Method D 445 is 5 mm 2 /sec or less.
  • the paraffins of the present invention generally have from 14 to 28, preferably 14 to 20, carbon atoms. They are contacted with a catalyst in a dehydrogenation zone maintained at dehydrogenation conditions that are sufficient to produce at least 500 ppm of diolefins and/or triolefins. Such conditions will allow a relatively high conversion and thus decrease the capital and operating costs. These conditions do not include a separate selective hydrogenation step to remove diolefins or triolefins.
  • the contacting may be accomplished in a fixed catalyst bed system, a moving catalyst bed system, a fluidized bed system, etc., or in a batch-type operation. In a fixed bed system, the paraffin feed stream is preheated to the desired reaction temperature and then passed into the dehydrogenation zone containing a fixed bed of the catalyst.
  • dehydrogenation zone may comprise one or more separate
  • the paraffin may be contacted with the catalyst in either upward, downward or radial flow fashion. Radial flow of the paraffins through the catalyst bed is preferred for commercial scale reactors.
  • the paraffin may be in the liquid phase, a mixed vapor-liquid phase or the vapor phase when it contacts the catalyst.
  • the dehydrogenation process of the present invention is generally operated at elevated temperature.
  • elevated temperature In certain aspects,
  • temperatures may range from about 300°C to about 700°C. At temperatures below this range, conversions are so low that reaction becomes impractical. More preferred
  • temperatures for operating the present dehydrogenation process are within the range of about 450°C to about 510°C.
  • the pressure may range from subatmospheric up to about 55 atmospheres (1520 kPa) and above. Preferably, the pressure ranges from about 1 atmosphere (101 kPa) to about 5 atmospheres (505 kPa) .
  • the contact time of the paraffins with the catalyst of the present invention will be sufficient to obtain a conversion level of at least about 15%, preferably 20%. In a fixed bed system, the contact time may be defined by liquid hourly space velocity or gas hourly space velocity of the feed through the fixed bed. A liquid hourly space velocity of from about 0.1 to about 100 hr _1 would be sufficient. Generally, the longer a process stream remains in the dehydrogenation unit the
  • the product olefins are separated from the paraffins by conventional means.
  • the olefins can be separated by means of either a suitable selective adsorbent, a selective solvent, a selective reaction or reactions, or by means of a suitable fractionation scheme.
  • the unreacted paraffins are then recycled to the dehydrogenation zone.
  • the olefins are then ready for formation of a drilling fluid.
  • paraffins can first be hydrogenated to produce alkyl halides. It is desired that the conditions of the halogenation be such that the conversion of paraffins to alkyl halides is at least about 15%, preferably 20%. The conditions must be such that
  • the halogenation may be carried out by thermal reaction of the halogen and paraffin species.
  • the reaction is typically carried out in the gas phase.
  • the reaction conditions will vary depending on the halogen of choice.
  • the reaction temperature may range from about 90 to about 150°C. Higher reaction temperatures are generally required for vapor phase reactions.
  • the vapor phase reaction temperature may range from about 250 to about 525°C.
  • paraffins by conventional means.
  • the most common separation scheme is by distillation but other separation schemes such as adsorption and others that will be apparent to those skilled in the art are also possible.
  • alkyl halides may then be subjected to
  • halogenation/hydrodehalogenation process produces olefins having from 14 to 28, preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms and at least about 500 parts per million of diolefins and/or triolefins. No selective hydrogenation step is utilized.
  • the olefins produced by either the dehydrogenation process above or the halogenation/hydrodehydrogenation process above are used to make synthetic drilling fluids.
  • the olefins are combined with suitable weight materials and water to make a water in oil emulsion wherein the olefins are the continuous phase.
  • the continuous olefin phase may comprise at least about 30% by volume of the drilling fluid, preferably between about 50 and about 70 volume percent.
  • Water usually in the form of brine, may be added to these compositions in an amount of up to about 70% by volume. In more preferred embodiments, water may be added in amounts from about 5% to about 65% by volume.
  • the weight material may comprise from about 20 to about 50 volume percent of the drilling fluid although it is possible to use more if the viscosity can be controlled.
  • the aqueous phase is preferably dispersed within the nonaqueous phase to form an invert emulsion.
  • surfactants include anionic surfactants such as the di- and trivalent metal salts of fatty acids; other useful surfactants are well known to those skilled in the art of drilling fluid formulation.
  • the invert emulsion may be further stabilized by adding macromolecular surfactants. These include the polyamide class of emulsifiers manufactured by the reaction of polyamines with a combination of fatty acids and dibasic acids such as maleic and fumeric acids.
  • the drilling fluid may contain a wetting agent.
  • wetting agents include, for example, fatty acids, crude tall oil, oxidized crude tall oil, organic
  • phosphate esters modified imidazolines and amidoamines, alkylaromatic sulfates and sulfonates and combination or derivatives thereof.
  • Organophilic clays normally amine treated clays, may also be used as viscosifiers in the oil base drilling fluid
  • composition of the present invention can also be used.
  • viscosifiers such as oil soluble polymers, polyamide resins, polycarboxylic acids, and soaps can also be used.
  • the synthetic drilling fluid composition of the present invention contains a weight material.
  • the purpose of the weight material is to increase the specific gravity of the composition so it has a sufficient hydrostatic pressure to be useful under drilling conditions.
  • the amount of weight material depends upon the desired density of the final composition.
  • Preferred weight materials include, but are not limited to, barite, iron oxide, calcium carbonate and the like.
  • the weight material is typically added to result in a drilling fluid density of up to about 2900 kg/m 3 (24 pounds per gallon) .
  • Example 1 The samples from Example 1 were tested for two physical properties that are important for the technical performance properties of synthetic-based drilling fluids: pour point and kinematic viscosity.
  • Each sample was tested using the modified pour point method (ASTM D 97-85) . Approximately 15 milliliters of the sample were placed into a test tube and a digital thermometer was fixed to the tube through a rubber stopper. The sample was placed in a water bath and was cooled at increments of 5°C (holding 30 minutes at temperature prior to the next adjustment) . The temperature was recorded using the digital thermometer. The pour point was determined at the
  • the samples were tested for two environmental properties that are important for olefin based drilling fluids designed for offshore and shelf applications: sediment toxicity and anaerobic biodegradation . These parameters are important because drilling cuts with these materials may be discharged to the environment when used in offshore drilling and they must have low toxicity and good biodegradability under anaerobic conditions in order to minimize environmental impact when discharged.
  • the samples were also tested for biodegradability under anaerobic conditions to determine the base fluid
  • BRR biodegradation rate ratio
  • Example 3 A summary of comparative sediment toxicity ratios for the other samples of Example 1 is shown in Table 3.
  • Ci s diolefin The comparison of the Ci s diolefin with the Ci s AO , Ci s 10, and 7 , 8 , 9-octadecene illustrates the importance of the number and position of the carbon-carbon double bonds on the pour point.
  • addition of the Cig diolefin to any of the commercial products in an amount of 500 parts by million up to about 80% or preferred 15%wt -30 should improve pour point of the mixtures and improve or maintain environmental properties of the mixtures used for oil field drilling fluids.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention propose une composition synthétique de fluide de forage comprenant de l'eau, un alourdissant et au moins une monooléfine ayant une teneur en dioléfine et/ou trioléfine d'au moins 500 parties par million.
PCT/US2012/056975 2011-09-29 2012-09-25 Fluides synthétiques de forage de champ de pétrole WO2013048972A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161540820P 2011-09-29 2011-09-29
US61/540,820 2011-09-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013048972A2 true WO2013048972A2 (fr) 2013-04-04
WO2013048972A3 WO2013048972A3 (fr) 2013-07-04

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019025358A1 (fr) 2017-08-01 2019-02-07 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Fluide de forage
US11319474B2 (en) 2017-02-03 2022-05-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Oil-based fluid compositions for hydrocarbon recovery applications

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4430517A (en) * 1981-12-02 1984-02-07 Uop Inc. Dehydrogenation process using a catalytic composition
US5106516A (en) * 1989-02-09 1992-04-21 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Monocarboxylic acid methylesters in invert drilling muds
US20070219097A1 (en) * 2003-10-24 2007-09-20 Mueeller Heinz Emulsifiers For Drilling Fluids
US20100258307A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2010-10-14 Heinz Muller Drilling composition, process for its preparation, and applications thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4430517A (en) * 1981-12-02 1984-02-07 Uop Inc. Dehydrogenation process using a catalytic composition
US5106516A (en) * 1989-02-09 1992-04-21 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Monocarboxylic acid methylesters in invert drilling muds
US20070219097A1 (en) * 2003-10-24 2007-09-20 Mueeller Heinz Emulsifiers For Drilling Fluids
US20100258307A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2010-10-14 Heinz Muller Drilling composition, process for its preparation, and applications thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11319474B2 (en) 2017-02-03 2022-05-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Oil-based fluid compositions for hydrocarbon recovery applications
WO2019025358A1 (fr) 2017-08-01 2019-02-07 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Fluide de forage
US11332653B2 (en) 2017-08-01 2022-05-17 Shell Oil Company Drilling fluid

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