WO2013045048A1 - Procédé permettant de mettre à l'arrêt un système de piles à combustible - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de mettre à l'arrêt un système de piles à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013045048A1
WO2013045048A1 PCT/EP2012/003933 EP2012003933W WO2013045048A1 WO 2013045048 A1 WO2013045048 A1 WO 2013045048A1 EP 2012003933 W EP2012003933 W EP 2012003933W WO 2013045048 A1 WO2013045048 A1 WO 2013045048A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
valve
fuel cell
nozzle
region
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/003933
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Baur
Matthias Jesse
Cosimo Mazzotta
Holger Richter
Sven Schmalzriedt
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag filed Critical Daimler Ag
Publication of WO2013045048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013045048A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for switching off a fuel cell system according to the closer defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a method.
  • Fuel cell systems are known from the general state of the art. They can be used, for example, for stationary electrical power generation or, preferably, for generating electrical drive energy in fuel cell vehicles.
  • it is known to supply an anode space of the fuel cell with fuel from a fuel source.
  • the anode space is typically supplied with more fuel than can be converted into it.
  • the unused fuel and the exhaust gas from the anode compartment are then returned via a so-called anode recirculation and fed back to the anode compartment together with fresh fuel.
  • anode recirculation is one
  • a gas jet pump can be used.
  • Such a gas jet pump typically has a nozzle for the fuel stream as the primary gas stream and sucks the exhaust gas from the anode recirculation in a suction region.
  • a valve is arranged in the flow direction in front of the nozzle of the gas jet pump, which is used as a metering valve for the fuel. Typically, this indicates
  • nozzle opening in the nozzle through which the fuel flows.
  • a nozzle opening may be provided here, or a plurality of nozzle openings which can be controlled separately in groups or separately, in order to achieve the effect of the gas jet pump
  • the nozzle orifices typically have comparatively small diameters of less than 3 mm, moisture, which is associated with the exhaust gas flow from the
  • Anode space passes to the gas jet pump, penetrate into unused nozzle openings and settle there by the capillary action.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide a method for stopping a fuel cell system, which manages without heating energy for the nozzle.
  • Fuel cell system is maintained in the region between the valve and the nozzle, a pressure equal to or higher than in the area of the anode recirculation. Characterized in that during the cooling of the fuel cell system such
  • Pressure difference is maintained or at least a negative pressure in the region between the valve and the nozzle is prevented from the region of the anode recirculation, it does not lead to a flow from the
  • Measures against freezing can be protected. Energy and time-consuming measures to thaw the gas jet pump before restarting the system can thus be omitted.
  • this region is kept at a higher temperature during cooling than the region of the anode recirculation.
  • the required pressure difference can thus take place, for example, by a different rapid cooling and / or heating of the individual areas.
  • a different cooling can be realized for example by the thermal connection of the area between the nozzle and valve to a large thermal mass, for example the fuel cell stack, or to a cooling circuit, which cools correspondingly slower than the area of the anode recirculation.
  • shut off and the valve is held above the pressure in the anode recirculation.
  • the area between a shut-off device for example a
  • System shut-off valve a so-called system isolation valve, and the valve for metering the fuel into the nozzle can also be kept at a higher pressure. This can be achieved, for example, by a targeted replenishment of fuel from the compressed gas reservoir from time to time, and / or when the pressure threatens to fall below a critical pressure difference. Due to the, in particular when using hydrogen as fuel, unavoidable leakage in the region of the valve, which will typically be designed as a solenoid valve and pulsed for metering of the fuel is operated, there is always a certain flow through the valve, even if it is closed is. Due to this leakage, which can also be planned constructively when needed, it comes in the described
  • the inventive method is particularly well suited to in
  • Fuel cell systems are used, which are often exposed to conditions in which they are turned off at temperatures below freezing or must wait after stopping at temperatures below freezing to a restart. In these cases, it could come in the constructions according to the prior art to freeze the nozzle of the gas jet pump.
  • the inventive method for stopping the fuel cell system this is efficiently and reliably prevented.
  • the effort in terms of components and the energy and time required to re-start the gas jet pump of the fuel cell system can be minimized by the inventive method. It is therefore particularly well suited to in fuel cell systems with too expected high volumes, especially in fuel cell systems, which are arranged in a vehicle to provide the vehicle with electric drive power.
  • vehicles are often underway in conditions requiring shutdown and re-start at sub-freezing temperatures. In particular then that is
  • Embodiment according to the prior art very time and energy optimized the restart of the fuel cell system or the gas jet pump in the fuel cell system even at temperatures below freezing
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary fuel cell system in a vehicle.
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration by a gas jet pump in a possible embodiment according to the invention.
  • a fuel cell system 1 in an indicated vehicle 2 can be seen purely by way of example and in a very highly schematic manner.
  • Fuel cell system 1 essentially has a fuel cell 3, which in turn has an anode compartment 4 and a cathode compartment 5.
  • the fuel cell 3 should be designed as a stack of PEM fuel cells.
  • the cathode compartment 5 of the fuel cell 3 is supplied via an air conveyor 6 with air as an oxygen supplier. The exhaust air from the cathode chamber 5 passes in the illustrated here
  • Embodiment to the environment in principle, a post-processing, for example, an afterburner, a turbine or the like could be arranged. However, this is not of interest for the present invention, so that a representation has been omitted.
  • the anode chamber 4 of the fuel cell 3 is supplied with hydrogen H 2 , which originates from a compressed gas reservoir 7. He passes through a shut-off device 8, a From the region of the anode chamber 4 exhaust gas A passes via a recirculation line 11 back into the region of the gas jet pump 10, and is sucked by this as a secondary gas stream and back into the anode chamber. 4 promoted.
  • This principle of an anode recirculation is known from the general state of the art. It serves to the anode chamber 4 with an excess
  • Hydrogen H 2 supply in order to make the best possible use of its active area.
  • the remaining in the exhaust gas from the anode chamber 4 residual hydrogen is then together with inert gases, which through the membranes from the cathode compartment 5 in the
  • Anode space 4 are diffused and a small portion of the product water, which is formed in the anode chamber 4, fed back via the recirculation line 11 and the anode chamber 4 mixed with the fresh hydrogen H 2 supplied again. Since in such an anode recirculation over time, inert gases and water accumulate and thereby the hydrogen concentration decreases, it is necessary, for example from time to time, to discharge water and gas from the anode recirculation.
  • a drain valve 12 is indicated in principle in the illustration of Figure 1.
  • recirculation conveyor for the recirculated exhaust gas from the anode compartment 4.
  • a recirculation conveyor is shown in the here
  • the gas jet pump 10 described above can be seen in more detail in the illustration of FIG.
  • the sectional view through the gas jet pump 10 shows a nozzle 13, which is supplied via a line member 14 and a nozzle opening 15 of the hydrogen H 2 as a primary gas stream.
  • the primary gas flow passes into an intake region I, in which the primary gas flow A sucks from the recirculation line 10.
  • the two gases then pass into a mixing zone II, before they leave the gas jet pump 10 via a diffuser again.
  • the nozzle opening 15 must have approximately a diameter of 2 to 3 mm.
  • this size is particularly critical in terms of freezing, as with the exhaust gas incoming water from such a thin Nozzle opening 15 does not run automatically, but is held by the capillary effect in the region of the nozzle opening 15.
  • This pressure p ! is equal to or preferably greater than a pressure p 2 , which is present in the region of the anode recirculation and propagates in the illustration of Figure 2 on the opposite side of the nozzle 13.
  • a pressure p 2 By this slight pressure gradient or if the pressures p and p 2 are equal by the absence of a negative pressure between the valve 9 and the nozzle 13, the penetration of moisture transported via the exhaust gas A is prevented in the region of the nozzle opening 15 of the nozzle 13.
  • any penetrated water is even blown out, so that if this pressure ratio is maintained throughout the cooling phase of the fuel cell system, at the end of a dry nozzle 13 and a dry nozzle opening 15 is present. This can then, even if it cools to temperatures below freezing point, no longer freeze.
  • the pressure differences required for the shutdown procedure can be adjusted in various ways.
  • One possibility, for example, is to allow the area between the valve 9 and the nozzle 13 to cool down more slowly during cooling by suitable measures than the area of the anode recirculation. This sets the desired difference between the pressures p ⁇ and p 2 .
  • Delay in the cooling for example, by the thermal connection of the nozzle 13 to a component, which due to its large mass or
  • Heat capacity cools very slowly, be realized. It would also be conceivable to provide for a slower cooling by differently executed thermal insulation in the region between the valve 9 and the nozzle 13 as in the area of
  • Components such as heating resistors or Pelltieramine.
  • a pressure p- set which is typically slightly lower than the pressure p 3 .
  • the pressure p 3 it is thus possible to set a pressure Pi which is equal to or in particular greater than the pressure p 2 in the region of the anode recirculation. If the cooling of the fuel cell system 1 lasts for a comparatively long time, then by briefly opening the shut-off device 8, the pressure p 3 can be raised again as needed. This can then take place particularly when a pressure difference between the pressure P 3 and the pressure p 2 in the anode recirculation falls below a predetermined limit value.
  • the area between the shut-off device 8 and the valve 9 is again “inflated.”
  • the pressure p 1 is then increased again via the leakage in the region of the valve 9, so that the desired pressure difference (pi-p 2 > 0) during cooling continue to be safe and reliable.
  • nozzle openings 15 in the region of a valve 13 or more parallel valves 13 accordingly.
  • the nozzle openings 15 could then be selectively controlled via a valve 9 together or via a plurality of valves 9 individually or in groups.
  • the ideal design would provide for each of the nozzle openings 15 each have a valve 9.
  • the then divided into several sub-line 14 line would typically be combined into a common line, which then in the field of
  • Shut-off 8 opens, which is typically present only once. Such a construction could also be operated in the manner described. This also applies to a structure with a plurality of parallel gas jet pumps 10, which in each case selectively switched on or off. In this case, as in the case described above, it would then be crucial that in the area of each of the

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de mettre à l'arrêt un système de piles à combustible (1) comportant un système de recirculation d'anode comportant une pompe à jet de gaz (10) servant à aspirer un gaz d'anode (A), ladite pompe (10) étant entraînée par un flux de gaz combustible (H2) qui circule dans la pompe à jet de gaz (10) par l'intermédiaire d'une valve (9) et d'un ajutage (13). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que, pendant le refroidissement du système de piles à combustible (1), dans la zone située entre la valve (9) et l'ajutage (13), on maintient une pression (p1) identique ou supérieure à la pression dans la zone du système de recirculation d'anode.
PCT/EP2012/003933 2011-10-01 2012-09-20 Procédé permettant de mettre à l'arrêt un système de piles à combustible WO2013045048A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011114734A DE102011114734A1 (de) 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 Verfahren zum Abschalten eines Brennstoffzellensystems
DE102011114734.2 2011-10-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013045048A1 true WO2013045048A1 (fr) 2013-04-04

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PCT/EP2012/003933 WO2013045048A1 (fr) 2011-10-01 2012-09-20 Procédé permettant de mettre à l'arrêt un système de piles à combustible

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DE (1) DE102011114734A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013045048A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021063703A1 (fr) 2019-10-02 2021-04-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé d'actionnement d'une soupape de dosage

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003019707A1 (fr) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-06 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited Dispositif de pile a combustible et procede de recirculation des gaz d'echappement
DE102006019077A1 (de) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-16 Denso Corp., Kariya Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102008003034A1 (de) 2008-01-02 2009-07-30 Daimler Ag Versorgungssystem für mindestens einen Brennstoffzellenstapel, Verfahren sowie Strahlpumpe in dem Versorgungssystem
DE112005001210B4 (de) * 2004-05-28 2010-07-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102010053628A1 (de) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC, Mich. Brennstoffzellenbetriebsverfahren für Wasserstoffzusatz nach Abschaltung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003019707A1 (fr) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-06 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited Dispositif de pile a combustible et procede de recirculation des gaz d'echappement
DE112005001210B4 (de) * 2004-05-28 2010-07-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102006019077A1 (de) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-16 Denso Corp., Kariya Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102008003034A1 (de) 2008-01-02 2009-07-30 Daimler Ag Versorgungssystem für mindestens einen Brennstoffzellenstapel, Verfahren sowie Strahlpumpe in dem Versorgungssystem
DE102010053628A1 (de) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC, Mich. Brennstoffzellenbetriebsverfahren für Wasserstoffzusatz nach Abschaltung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021063703A1 (fr) 2019-10-02 2021-04-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé d'actionnement d'une soupape de dosage
JP2022549929A (ja) * 2019-10-02 2022-11-29 ロベルト・ボッシュ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング 調量弁を制御するための方法

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