Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
  • B01F35/21—Measuring
  • B01F35/214—Measuring characterised by the means for measuring
  • B01F35/2144—Measuring characterised by the means for measuring using radiation for measuring the parameters of the mixture or components to be mixed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
  • B01F35/714—Feed mechanisms for feeding predetermined amounts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/002—Methods
  • B29B7/007—Methods for continuous mixing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
  • B29C48/397—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
  • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
  • B29C48/435—Sub-screws
  • B29C48/44—Planetary screws
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
  • B29C2948/92085—Velocity
  • B29C2948/92104—Flow or feed rate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
  • B29C2948/92247—Optical properties
  • B29C2948/92257—Colour
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
  • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
  • B29C2948/926—Flow or feed rate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
  • B29C2948/92742—Optical properties
  • B29C2948/92752—Colour
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
  • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
  • B29C2948/92866—Inlet shaft or slot, e.g. passive hopper; Injector, e.g. injector nozzle on barrel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
  • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
  • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
  • B29C2948/92895—Barrel or housing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
  • B29C48/286—Raw material dosing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
  • B29C48/29—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in liquid form
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
  • B29C67/0007—Manufacturing coloured articles not otherwise provided for, e.g. by colour change
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for producing one or more mold bodies comprising the steps
• step (b) optional interim storage of the molding compound obtained in step (a);
• the invention relates to a device for the method and a film produced by the method.
• US 5,723,517 A discloses a system for the preparation of colored polymeric molding compositions which comprises a gelling unit with a feed for polymeric material and a dosing device for dyes, a color sensor and an electronic control.
• a color sensor By means of the color sensor, the color of the ejected from the gelling aggregate molding compound is measured and transmitted as a signal to the electronic control.
• the electronic control comprises an algorithm for controlling the metering device or the amount of dye supplied to the gelling unit per unit of time.
• the experiments described in US 5,723,517 A were performed with a twin screw extruder having a screw diameter of 28 mm, with a delay time of 40 seconds observed on the system.
• delay Response time refers to the time that elapses between a pulse-like disturbance and its correction by the system - often called impulse response in professional circles.
• the impulse response corresponds to the time span between a brief increase in the supply of a dye and the automatic recovery of the color of the extruded molding composition to a predetermined desired value.
• US 5,723,517 A contains none Indication of the extruder throughput, ie the amount of polymer permeated in the twin-screw extruder per unit time. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the amount of polymer passed through during the impulse response of 40 seconds.
• the screw diameter of only 28 mm indicates that the twin-screw extruder used in US 5,723,517 A is a laboratory extruder with a low throughput of a few kg up to 20 kg per minute. Accordingly, the amount of polymer permeated during the impulse response is less than 20 kg.
• plastic films of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP) usually a production throughput or a film speed of 60 to 200 m / min and 1.0 to 3.4 m / s, wherein the mass flow rate depending on the thickness of the film produced 100 to 4000 kg h or 1.7 to 67 kg / s. At such production speeds, color control and regulation with the shortest possible impulse response is required.
• the composition of the polymeric base material often varies.
• recycled material is often added to the base material, for example during film production in the form of continuous marginal portion.
• the composition and color of the base material can vary considerably.
• the present invention has an object to provide a process for the production of polymeric moldings with improved color control.
• step (b) optional interim storage of the molding compound obtained in step (a);
• step (a) wherein the quantitative ratio of dye to polymeric material is controlled automatically by means of a colorimeter and an electronic control and measured in step (a) on the molding compound in the gelling mass color values and transmitted as a signal to the electronic control.
• step (d) Measured in step (d) on the molding by means of another colorimeter more color values and transmitted as a signal to the electronic control;
• the present invention has the object to provide a device for the production of polymeric molding compositions and moldings with little color variation.
• a device comprising a gelling unit equipped with a metering device for one or more dyes for plasticizing and mixing a polymeric material with dye to form a molding compound, a first colorimeter and an electronic controller connected to the metering device and the first colorimeter for automatic Controlling the quantitative ratio of dye to polymeric material, wherein the first colorimeter is adapted to detect electromagnetic radiation emitted by the molding composition contained in the gelling aggregate, in particular visible light having wavelengths in the range from 380 to 780 nm.
• the first colorimeter is coupled by means of a light guide, in particular by means of a glass fiber with the interior of the gelling unit;
• the device comprises a supply connected to the electronic control for feeding the gelling aggregate with polymeric material, wherein the electronic control and the supply are arranged to regulate the amount of the gelling aggregate per unit time supplied polymeric material;
• the device comprises a feed connected to the electronic control for feeding the gelling aggregate with polymeric material, wherein the feed is adapted to measure the amount of polymer material supplied to the gelling unit per unit time and to transmit as a signal to the electronic control;
• the device comprises a shaping device for producing one or more shaped bodies, such as foil or fibers;
• the device comprises a second colorimeter connected to the electronic control, which is arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation emitted by the shaped body;
• the first and second colorimeters independently comprise one or more optically absorbing bandpass filters or wavelength dispersive diffraction elements, such as gratings or prisms, and one or more optoelectronic sensors, such as CCD or CMOS sensors; and
• the device comprises one or more temperature sensors connected to the electronic control, such as an infrared camera for measuring the temperature of the molding compound and / or the molding.
• the present invention also has the object to provide a colored film with little color variation.
• * 1 N is a natural number from 5 to 100 and deviations AE k of the local color values Ek from the mean color value EM are smaller than 1.0, with and the color values E k in the longitudinal direction of the film are measured at a distance of s ⁇ 0.05 s with s from 1 to 100 m.
• An advantageous development of the film according to the invention is characterized in that the deviations AE k of the local color values E k from the average color value E are smaller than 0.8, smaller than 0.6, smaller than 0.4, smaller than 0.3, preferably less than 0.2 and in particular less than 0.1.
• FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for producing colored polymeric moldings.
• FIG. 2 shows a control concept for the device
• Fig. 3 is a control for the color value of the polymeric molded body.
• 1 shows a device 1 with a gelling unit 2, a feed 5 for feeding the gelling unit 2 with a polymeric material 10, a metering device 6 for one or more dyes and a colorimeter 7.
• the polymeric material 10 is plasticized and mixed with one or more supplied via the metering device 6 dyes to a molding compound 1 1.
• the polymeric material 10 comprises a base material and optionally recycled material.
• the base material which is preferably presented in the form of a granulate, comprises a homo- or copolymer, such as polyvinyl chloride, a polyolefin, a polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose acetate, polymethyl methacrylate or polylactide.
• the base material may contain additives such as fibers of natural and / or synthetic origin, plasticizers and stabilizers.
• the composition of the recycled material substantially corresponds to the composition of the base material.
• the recyclate may contain one or more dyes.
• the gelling unit 2 is preferably designed as a co-kneader extruder, planetary roller extruder or as a single-screw or twin-screw extruder.
• An outlet of the gelling unit 2 is designed as a simple nozzle with a circular or polygonal cross section, as a spinneret for filaments or as a slot die for films.
• the outlet of the gelling unit 2 is formed as a circular nozzle and equipped with a chopper, which separates the strand-shaped extruded molding compound 11 into cylindrical sections 11 '.
• the supply 5 comprises a storage container for receiving the polymeric material 10 and a conveyor, such as a screw conveyor, by means of which the gelation unit 2 per unit time supplied amount of polymeric material 10, hereinafter also referred to as throughput , can be varied.
• the conveyor of the feeder 5 comprises a controllable electric drive, which is connectable to an electronic control. By means of the electronic control, the drive of the conveyor can be controlled and the quantity of material 10 supplied to the gelling unit 2 per unit time, i.
• the throughput is automatically and continuously adapted to production.
• the feeder 5 is equipped with a measuring device for the continuous detection of the throughput of polymeric material 10.
• the measuring device is designed, for example, as an electronic balance or as a microwave transmitter-receiver with integrated evaluation electronics and can be connected to the electronic controller so that a signal proportional to the throughput can be transmitted to the electronic controller.
• This development of the device according to the invention makes it possible to calculate in advance the amounts of dyes which are added to the plasticized polymeric material 10 by means of the metering device 6 per unit of time and to adapt them to the throughput or mass flow rate of the polymeric material 10 in the gelling unit 2.
• the transfer time of the polymeric material 10 is taken into account within the gelling unit 2, i. the time required to transport the polymeric material 10 from the feeder 5 to the feed point (s) of the dye dispenser 6.
• the task points of the dosing device 6 for the dyes between the feed 5 and an outlet of the gelling unit 2 is arranged.
• the reservoir with the dyes are connected via separate lines, which optionally open into a manifold, with the interior of the gelling unit 2.
• Each of the storage tanks or each of the separate lines is equipped with a conveyor, such as a pump or a screw.
• the conveyor is designed to promote the dye under a pressure of 1 bar up to several hundred bar in the gelling unit 2, wherein the pressure generated by the conveyor is higher than the pressure which builds up in plasticizing the polymeric material 10 in the gelling unit 2 becomes.
• Each of the dye conveying devices comprises a controllable electric drive which can be connected to the electronic control, so that the quantity of each of the dyes supplied to the gelling unit per unit of time can be regulated separately by means of the electronic control.
• liquid dyes are used, which are injected into the gelling unit 2 by means of an electrically driven pump and a lance equipped with a nozzle.
• the feeds or lances for the dyes are, based on a distance D between the point at which the feed 5 for polymeric material 10 opens into the gelling unit 2 and the outlet of the gelling unit 2, in the conveying or longitudinal direction of the gelling unit 2 in a distance of D / 3 to 2-D / 3 from the mouth of the feeder 5 is arranged.
• the colorimeter 7 or the measuring point of the colorimeter 7 is arranged in the conveying or longitudinal direction of the gelling unit 2 between the metering device 6 and the outlet of the gelling unit 2.
• a plurality of colorimeters 7 are used to measure the color value of the molding compound 11 at different positions within the gelling unit 2 and to calculate an averaged color value from the individual measurements.
• the colorimeter 7 comprises an imaging optics, one or more optoelectronic sensors and optionally wavelength-dispersive diffraction elements or color filters.
• the imaging optics is preferably designed as a light guide made of glass or glass fiber optics.
• the input side of the imaging optics is arranged in the gelling unit 2 such that a portion of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the molding compound 11, in particular visible light having wavelengths in the range of 380 to 780 nm, is coupled into the optical fiber or into the glass fiber and directly or via the optional diffraction elements or color filter is imaged on one or more optoelectronic sensors.
• a light source is provided to illuminate the molding compound 11 contained in the gelling unit 2.
• the light source which is eg a halogen lamp or an LED (Light Emitting Diode)
• the light emitted by the light source is coupled into the light guide via a beam splitter in order to illuminate the molding compound 11 , A part of the emitted from the molding compound 11 or reflected light is imaged on the optoelectronic sensor via the light guide, the beam splitter and the optional diffraction elements or color filters.
• a separate optical fiber or a window in the wall of the gelling unit 2 is used to illuminate the molding compound 11 with the light of the light source.
• the colorimeter 7 can be embodied as a spectrometer and can comprise a plurality of, in particular three color filters, a reflection or transmission grating or a prism as a wavelength-dispersive diffraction element.
• the colorimeter 7 can be designed as a color camera and comprise a CCD or CMOS sensor with color filter, in particular with Bayer, Sony RGBE, Super CCD EXR, RGBW, CYGM or CMYW filters.
• the colorimeter 7 is designed as a color camera with three CCD or CMOS sensors and a prism, which splits the image into a red, green and blue component.
• the area imaged and measured by means of the colorimeter 7 or the corresponding beam cross-section of the light reflected or scattered by the molding compound 11 and detected by the colorimeter 7 has a size of 0.2 mm to 20 cm.
• the colorimeter 7 or the imaging optics of the colorimeter 7 is arranged in the gelling unit 2 in such a way that only light reflected or scattered by the molding compound 11 and not by periodically revolving mechanical components such as extruder screws, kneading teeth or kneading blades is detected.
• the output signal of the colorimeter 7 is filtered electronically or digitally or software-technically in order to eliminate the periodic interference signals from mechanical components.
• the gelling unit 2 is equipped with one or more temperature sensors, in particular thermocouples, which are arranged on the inside of the gelling unit 2 near the measuring position of the colorimeter 7 and are adapted to determine the temperature of the molding compound 11.
• a temperature sensor is separate or built into the colorimeter 7 infrared camera, wherein a portion of the emitted from the molding compound 11 infrared radiation is imaged via a glass optical fiber on an electro-optical or pyroelectric sensor of the infrared camera.
• the temperature sensor can be connected to the electronic control, so that a signal proportional to the temperature of the molding compound 11 can be transmitted to the electronic control system.
• the temperature of the molding compound 11 or the signal transmitted by the temperature sensor to the electronic control can be used to calibrate the color value of the molding compound 11 measured with the colorimeter 7.
• the gelling unit 2 with the feed 5, the metering device 6, the colorimeter 7 and the electronic control are the components of the device 1 which are essential to the invention.
• the device 1 furthermore comprises a shaping device for producing one or more moldings, such as films, fibers or injection molded body.
• a calendering device 4 for films 12 is shown by way of example as a shaping device.
• the molding compound 1 ⁇ or the film 12 After the molding compound 1 ⁇ or the film 12 has passed through the nip of the last calender roller pair, it is guided over the withdrawal rollers and optionally through the optional transverse stretching frame.
• the film 12 By means of the take-off rollers and the optional transverse stretching frame, the film 12 can be oriented in the machine direction, respectively perpendicular to the machine direction, i. be stretched in the transverse direction.
• a fill level detector 9 is provided to measure the amount of material located in front of the first nip Measure molding compound 1 ⁇ .
• the measuring principle of the level detector 9 based on contactless transit time measurement by means of ultrasound, radar or laser light, wherein the standing in front of the first nip molding compound 1 ⁇ acted upon by the respective radiation and detected by the molding compound 11 'radiation is detected.
• the transit time measurement by means of laser light or radar in particular by means of microwaves with a frequency in the range of 6 to 25 GHz, the frequency-modulated continuous wave method (FMCW) or the pulse method are used.
• FMCW frequency-modulated continuous wave method
• the level detector 9 is connectable to the electronic control, so that a signal which is proportional to the amount of standing before the first nip molding compound 11 ', transmitted to the electronic control and fed to the automatic control of per unit time the gelling unit 2 by means of the feeder 5 Amount of polymeric material 10 can be used.
• the device 1 comprises a further colorimeter 8, which is set up and arranged in a suitable position to measure a color value of the molded body 12, in particular a film 12, produced by the device 1 and to transmit it to the electronic control.
• the colorimeter 8 can be configured in the same way as the colorimeter 7.
• the measuring principle and the design of the colorimeters 7 and 8 may differ from each other.
• an optical fiber or a glass fiber is not required to direct the light emitted from the molded body 12 to the electro-optical sensor. Rather, the colorimeter 8 can be equipped with an ordinary camera lens and arranged in line of sight with respect to the molded body 12.
• a light source is provided to illuminate the shaped body 12 in a defined and reproducible manner.
• the light source which is e.g. is a halogen lamp or an LED (Light Emitting Diode), may be integrated in the Kolorimter 8 or separately formed thereof.
• the area imaged and measured by means of the colorimeter 8 or the corresponding beam cross section of the light detected by the colorimeter 8 has a size of 0.2 mm 2 to 60 cm 2 .
• an additional temperature sensor in particular an infrared camera, is provided in order to determine the temperature of the shaped body 12 at the measuring position of the colorimeter 8.
• the temperature sensor is connectable to the electronic control, allowing one to the temperature the shaped body 12 proportional signal can be transmitted to the electronic control and can be used to calibrate the color value measured by the colorimeter 8.
• a drive of the gelling unit 2 can be connected to the electronic control and the speed of the gelling unit 2 can be regulated and / or detected by means of the electronic control and used in the control program as a parameter.
• Fig. 2 shows in an illustrative manner the control concept of the invention, according to which the gelling unit and the forming device comprise various actuators, measuring devices and sensors, which are connected to a central software-controlled controller or an electronic controller.
• the output signals of the measuring devices and sensors are transmitted to the electronic control. From the electronic control or the interfaces contained therein, the output signals are digitized and processed as variable parameters in the control program.
• FIG. 3 shows the automatic control of the color value E1 of the molding compound 11 on the basis of a block diagram.
• the gelling unit 2 with the supply 5, the metering device 6, the colorimeter 7 and an electronic controller indicated by the reference numeral 14 in FIG. 3 form the components of the device 1 which are essential to the invention.
• the electronic controller 14 comprises or implements a first one Control circuit 15 and optionally a second control circuit 17.
• the electronic control 14 is preferably designed as a spoke-rogrammrnate control (PLC) or as a computer with the Microsoft Windows or Linux operating system and includes electronic interfaces for connection of actuators and sensors, such as electric motors, colorimeters and thermocouples ,
• PLC spoke-rogrammrnator control
• the electronic control 14 comprises main memory, in particular DRAM or flash EEPROM for receiving a control program which is stored on a local or external storage medium, in particular on a hard disk and at power on or in the device of the electronic controller 14 in the main memory loaded and held there if necessary.
• the electronic controller 14 is expediently connected to a network, in particular to a local area network (LAN), so that data and programs from and to Computers can be transferred in the network.
• a network based on the Ethernet protocol or TCP / IP is used.
• a temperature sensor (not shown in FIG. 3) is also provided, which is set up to determine the temperature of the molding compound 11 at or near the measuring position for the color value E1 and which is connected to the electronic controller 14.
• the signal transmitted by the temperature sensor to the electronic control unit 14 serves to calibrate the color value E 1 measured by the colorimeter 7.
• the control program of the electronic controller 14 comprises a command sequence which is executed a few thousand to a few million times per second, depending on the computing power and clock frequency of the microprocessor of the electronic controller 14.
• the command sequence includes commands and algorithms for interrogating sensor signals and for calculating and outputting control signals for actuators.
• the control program executed by the microprocessor of the electronic control unit 14 implements a first control circuit 15 for the color value E1 of the molding compound 11.
• electronic or software filtering of the color values measured by the colorimeter 7 is provided to eliminate spurious signals from circulating mechanical components of the gelling - eliminate aggregates 2.
• the control program of the electronic control 14 comprises an optional routine with a variable cycle time, which can be set in particular as a function of the rotational speed of the gelling unit 2, for filtering the color values of the colorimeter 7.
• a database 16 is provided, which is integrated in the electronic controller 14 or connected thereto.
• the database 16 is used for recording and providing process data over long periods of time and forms an essential component for a knowledge-based control of the color value E1.
• the process data stored in the database 16 can be used for the precalculation of the amount of dye to be added per unit time by means of the metering device 6 on the basis of the throughput of polymeric material 10.
• the use of various control algorithms, inter alia on the basis of fuzzy logic or neural networks is provided.
• the process data stored in the database 16 are used for the creation of such control algorithms and / or for the process control itself. As shown in FIG.
• the setpoint value ⁇ is read into the electronic controller 14 before the start of a production batch and is usually kept constant until completion of the production batch.
• the desired value ⁇ is varied in the course of a production batch.
• the set point ⁇ can be entered by means of a keyboard, bar code reader or the like, or read in from a data source such as the database 16.
• a second colorimeter 8 for the measurement of the color value E 2 of the shaped body 12 is connected to the electronic control 14.
• the shaped body 12 is illuminated by means of a light source, for example a halogen lamp or an LED (Light Emitting Diode), which is integrated in the colorimeter 8 or is formed separately therefrom.
• the setpoint value ⁇ determined by the second control loop 17 can vary in the course of a production batch.
• a second colorimeter 8 is particularly advantageous if the color value E2 of the shaped body 12 deviates markedly from the color value E1 of the molding compound 11. Noticeable deviations between El and E2 can occur, for example, in film production using calenders.
• the molding compound 11 or 11 1 is exposed to a temperature in the range of 160 to 210 ° C and a high mechanical pressure, whereby, inter alia, the Degree of polymerization (DP) of the molding material 1 ⁇ is reduced.
• the molding compound 11 and the molded body 12 can have different optical properties, such as different optical reflection of the surface and possibly different scattering in the volume due to density fluctuations.
• the invention provides a method and a device for the rapid correction of the relevant color value E2.
• a further database 18 is provided which is integrated into the electronic control 14 or connected to this.
• the database 18 is used to record and provide process data for the second control loop 17 and forms an essential component for a knowledge-based calculation of the setpoint value ⁇ .
• the process data stored in the database 18 can be used for the creation of a fuzzy logic-based calculation of the setpoint value ⁇ .
• the use of different calculation algorithms for the setpoint value El ' is provided, inter alia on the basis of fuzzy logic or neural networks.
• a desired value E 2 'for the color value E 2 of the shaped body 12 is specified.
• the setpoint E2 1 is read into the electronic controller 14 before the start of a production batch and held constant until completion of the production batch.
• the setpoint E2 ' is entered by means of a keyboard, barcode reader or the like, or read from a data source such as the database 18.
• a temperature sensor (not shown in FIG. 3) is also provided, which is set up to determine the temperature of the molded body 12 at or near the measuring position for the color value E2 and which is connected to the electronic control 14.
• the signal transmitted by the temperature sensor to the electronic control unit 14 is used to calibrate the color value E2 measured with the colorimeter 8.
• the color values Ek (Lk, ak, bk) of a film produced by the method according to the invention are determined using a colorimeter which, as explained above in connection with the colorimeter 7 and 8, is designed as a spectrometer or as a color camera.
• the color values E k are preferably measured at the same film position in the transverse direction, ie perpendicular to the machine direction or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the film web. In this case, fluctuations in the measured color values due to film inhomogeneities in the transverse direction, which may be due to transverse stretching, in particular caused by the term in the art as "bow" effect, reduced.
• the color values Ek are measured equidistantly at a constant distance s of about 1 m to 100 m from each other, wherein the distance between two adjacent measuring positions by ⁇ 5%, ie by an amount of ⁇ 0.05 -s from that for the measurement given distance s may differ.
• the color values of El, E2 and E k according to DIN ISO 6174 are: 2007-10 (D) determined. If the colorimeters 7 and 8 used and the colorimeter used for colorimetry on a film produced according to the invention, such as an RGB color camera, do not measure in L * a * b * color space, the color values obtained are in accordance with DIN ISO 6174: 2007-10 ( D) converted into the corresponding L * a * b * values. In this case, the transformation from the RGB color space into the L * a * b * color space preferably takes place via XYZ color coordinates.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-09-15 DE DE102011113543A patent/DE102011113543A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-09-07 CN CN201280044742.3A patent/CN103890051B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-09-07 WO PCT/EP2012/003767 patent/WO2013037468A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2012-09-07 PT PT127625325T patent/PT2756029T/pt unknown
  • 2012-09-07 RU RU2014114845A patent/RU2609174C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-09-07 EP EP12762532.5A patent/EP2756029B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2012-09-07 ES ES12762532T patent/ES2761973T3/es active Active
  • 2012-09-07 US US14/343,939 patent/US20140234608A1/en not_active Abandoned

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