WO2013037446A2 - Actionneur comportant un élément de réglage en matériau à mémoire de forme - Google Patents

Actionneur comportant un élément de réglage en matériau à mémoire de forme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013037446A2
WO2013037446A2 PCT/EP2012/003403 EP2012003403W WO2013037446A2 WO 2013037446 A2 WO2013037446 A2 WO 2013037446A2 EP 2012003403 W EP2012003403 W EP 2012003403W WO 2013037446 A2 WO2013037446 A2 WO 2013037446A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
actuator
shape
conversion elements
shape conversion
shape memory
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/003403
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013037446A3 (fr
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Koeppel
Joachim Biller
Stanko Jelic
Original Assignee
Trw Automotive Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trw Automotive Gmbh filed Critical Trw Automotive Gmbh
Publication of WO2013037446A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013037446A2/fr
Publication of WO2013037446A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013037446A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • F03G7/065—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like using a shape memory element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/02—Semi-passive restraint systems, e.g. systems applied or removed automatically but not both ; Manual restraint systems
    • B60R22/03—Means for presenting the belt or part thereof to the wearer, e.g. foot-operated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an actuator with an actuator, which comprises one or more thin, elongated shape conversion elements, in particular one or more wires, of a shape memory material.
  • actuators In order to produce a linear or rotary movement, various actuators are used depending on the requirement, which are based on electromagnets, electric motors (with gearbox), preloaded spring systems, pneumatics or hydraulics. There are also known actuators in which so-called shape memory alloys (FGL, English: shape memory alloy, S A) are used.
  • FGL shape memory alloy
  • Shape memory alloys are also referred to as "memory metals" because they can "remember” after being deformed Physically, the shape transformation is based on the temperature-dependent lattice transformation of two different crystal structures of the alloy The structural transformation can be induced not only thermally but also stress-induced.
  • shape memory alloys are of interest because they transmit very large forces practically without tiring, even with a very large number of motion cycles, and they also have a remarkably high specific work capacity (ratio of work done to material volume) compared to other actuator materials ,
  • EP 1 850 359 A2 a reconfigurable proposed bare, form-variable control button with a central key area, which has a shape memory material with a bistability.
  • the shape memory material forms a protrusion on the surface plane defined by the edge region.
  • the shape memory material forms a flat layer extending in the surface plane.
  • the shape-changing characteristics of the key are achieved by embedding a wire mesh or a shape memory alloy thin film in a stretchable material, or alternatively molding the shape memory polymer key.
  • DE 60 2004 008 189 T2 relates to a bumper device with deformable elements of shape memory material, which are deformed in an impact.
  • the deformable elements are selectively heatable to a higher temperature prior to or at the beginning of the impact from an operating temperature to adjust the energy absorption capability of the device without altering the shape of the elements.
  • the shape memory material is used in the form of one or more bodies, rolled sheets, wire mesh, foams or collapsible tubes that undergo predictable deformation as they absorb impact energy.
  • a generic actuator is known from DE 10 2010 004 162 A1.
  • an actuator is provided with a shape memory material element to dislocate a buckle between an extended and a stowed position.
  • the actuator may consist of a single or a plurality of wires arranged in parallel or also of a shape memory alloy strip.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an actuator that meets the high requirements of vehicle safety technology and offers enhanced functionality.
  • the actuator according to the invention comprises an actuator which has one or more thin, elongated shape conversion elements, in particular one or more wires, of a shape memory material.
  • the or the shape conversion elements are reversibly deformable by means of an excitation device.
  • a heating device for heating the one or more shape conversion elements is provided in addition to the excitation device.
  • a shape memory material is to be understood here in general as meaning a material which can perform a reversible transformation of the shape when it is subjected to activation, as a rule thermal stimulation.
  • shape memory alloys as well as shape memory polymers, shape memory ceramics and other materials are to be counted, which can be pronounced of a previous shaping despite strong deformation.
  • the actuator based on the shape transformation of the actuator according to the invention can be activated in two different ways thanks to the additional heating device. This allows, in particular, a regular operation, in which the actuator performs reversible contractions or expansions by means of the excitation device, and independently of this, an emergency operation in which (primarily) the heating device ensures a shape transformation of the actuator.
  • Such an emergency operation is z. B. useful in the use of the actuator according to the invention in a buckle presenter. While in regular operation, which may also be referred to herein as comfort operation, the actuator is used to assist the movement of the buckle to the vehicle occupant (before buckling) and away therefrom (after buckling), the heater provides emergency operation of the actuator, for example, upon detection of an impact or a collision of the vehicle, for a quick withdrawal of the buckle to tighten the seat belt.
  • the actuator of the invention allows in this application example thanks to the additional functionality of a cost-effective and space-optimized integration of a belt tensioner in a buckle charm.
  • the heater should be designed to provide greater deformation of the actuator. can lead as the excitation means responsible for the "normal" reversible deformation of the actuator, and if the severe deformation is intended for an emergency, it can be accepted that this deformation is irreversible.
  • the heating device is arranged within the adjusting element, in particular in a pipe surrounded by the adjusting element. With such an arrangement, the heat radiating outwardly from the heater is optimally utilized without the need for a diverter or the like.
  • the excitation device therefore preferably comprises an activation circuit, to which the or the shape conversion elements are respectively electrically connected.
  • a particular embodiment of the actuating element of the actuator according to the invention is based on the finding that the possible reduction and / or elongation of a control element formed from a shape memory wire significantly by the wire length used, and the force level of shape transformation by the wire diameter and the number of wires and by the used Material to be determined.
  • a large wire length and a high density of shape memory material wires are advantageous.
  • the one or more shape-changing elements form a knitwear (in particular knitted, knitted or crocheted goods), woven fabric or grid structure.
  • Such a design of the or the shape conversion elements a large effective length can be accommodated in deformable material in a compact design.
  • the or the shape conversion elements have a defined, regular arrangement.
  • a uniform, uniform shape conversion of the entire actuator achieved.
  • this is the determination of the reduction or elongation of the entire actuator in product development and generally the handling of the actuator simplified.
  • an embodiment of the actuator as a hose is advantageous, since in this case an even greater amount of deformable shape memory material is available in comparison with a two-dimensional braid, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, etc. with respect to the direction of movement of the actuator.
  • the actuator may also be designed as a flat band, which occupies less space.
  • other forms of the actuator are conceivable.
  • the one or more shape-change elements on a plurality of loops which are mounted in other loops of the or of the shape conversion elements.
  • Such a mesh binding is proven in the textile sector and can be produced by machine without problems.
  • Also easy to manufacture is an actuator in which the one or more shape-change elements are braided in the manner of a chain link fence.
  • the actuator is preferably connected on one side with a fixed first bearing and on another side with a movable second bearing.
  • the shape transformation of the or the shape conversion element then lead to a movement of the second bearing towards the first bearing or away from it. This defined movement can be used to move an element, to trigger a switching operation, etc.
  • the invention also provides a combined comfort and active safety device, in particular for a motor vehicle, with an actuator according to the invention.
  • the device can be operated in a comfort mode such that the excitation device brings about a reversible deformation of the actuating element; on the other hand, the device is operable in a safety mode so that the heater causes a deformation of the actuator.
  • a coupling of the heater to a trigger control is provided, which in turn is connected to a sensor system for detecting a passive load case.
  • FIG. 1a shows an actuator with a shape conversion element in a first state
  • FIG. 1b shows the actuator from FIG. 1a in a second state
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view of the actuator of the actuator of Figure 1a;
  • FIG. 3 is a further enlarged detail view of the actuator of the actuator of Figure 1a with force vectors;
  • FIG. 4 shows an actuator according to the invention
  • a linear actuator 10 ' is shown schematically in FIGS. 1a and 1b, which can reversibly change between a stable relaxed state (FIG. 1a) and a stable contracted state (FIG. 1b).
  • the actuator 10 ' comprises as essential components two bearings 12, 14 and an actuator 16 arranged between the two bearings.
  • the actuator 16 has a thin in relation to its length shape conversion element 18, which is preferably formed as a wire.
  • the shape conversion element 18 consists of a shape memory material described above and is formed into a knitted fabric. More specifically, the shape conversion element 18 has a plurality of loops 20 hooked into other loops, as best seen in the detail view of FIG.
  • the knitted fabric formed from the shape conversion element 18 in turn forms a hose whose opposite axial ends each with one of the bearings 12 and 14 are connected.
  • the first bearing 12 is fixed, ie installed immovably, while the second bearing 14 is movable in the axial direction.
  • the two bearings 12, 14 also one end of the electrically conductive shape conversion element 18 is connected to an activation circuit, which is part of an excitation device for the actuating element 16.
  • the shape conversion element 18 may be braided, knitted, knitted, woven or otherwise processed into a lattice structure (eg in the manner of a chain link fence) alone or in conjunction with one or more other shape conversion elements.
  • the two bearings 12, 14 can also be connected by a single straight, linearly oriented or optionally with single or multiple deflection shape conversion element 18.
  • Wire packs with a plurality of wires of shape memory material arranged substantially parallel to one another may also be provided. It is essential that the shortening or elongation of the one or more shape conversion elements as a whole result in a contraction or expansion. sion of the formed of the mesh, knitted fabric or fabric shaped actuator 16 leads.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of a special actuator 10 to which all that has been previously described with respect to the actuator 10 'shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be transferred.
  • the two bearings 12, 14 are only indicated in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity.
  • the actuator 10 is provided specifically for use in a safety device of a motor vehicle.
  • the actuator 10 additionally has a separate heating device 24.
  • the heating device 24 is received in a good heat-conducting tube 22, which in turn is arranged in the adjusting element 16 designed as a tube.
  • the heater 24 may, for. B. pyrotechnic or electrical type and is coupled to a trigger control, which in turn is connected to an external sensor for detecting a passive load case (impact, collision) of the motor vehicle.
  • the heating device 24 is able to heat the adjusting element 16, or more precisely the or the shape conversion elements 18 so quickly within a very short time that an immediate, extremely strong contraction or expansion of the actuating element 16 takes place. This contraction or expansion is irreversible.
  • the trigger control is independent of the activation circuit, with which the actuator 10 can be reversibly contracted or expanded as described above.
  • the heater 24 is operated in combination with the thermal excitation by energization for the desired strong heating of the or the shape conversion elements 18.
  • the heater 24 may of course also be designed differently than shown in Figure 4. Important is a good heat transfer to the or the shape conversion elements 18.
  • the enabled by the heater 24 additional function of the actuator 10 is basically independent of the specific design or form of the shape conversion element 18 as a knitted fabric, grid
  • the actuator 10 is thus particularly suitable for comfort applications in the vehicle area, which are coupled to an active safety device, such. B. a Gurtschiossbringer with integrated belt tensioner. Also for use in a vehicle safety device in combination with pyrotechnic actuators see the actuator 10 is ideally suited.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un actionneur (10) comportant un élément de réglage (16) présentant un ou plusieurs éléments déformables minces, allongés (18), en particulier un ou plusieurs fils en matériau à mémoire de forme. Le ou les éléments déformables (18) peuvent être déformés de façon réversible au moyen d'un dispositif d'excitation. En plus du dispositif d'excitation, il est prévu un dispositif de chauffe (24) pour chauffer le ou les éléments déformables (18).
PCT/EP2012/003403 2011-09-13 2012-08-09 Actionneur comportant un élément de réglage en matériau à mémoire de forme WO2013037446A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110112966 DE102011112966A1 (de) 2011-09-13 2011-09-13 Aktuator mit Stellglied aus Formgedächtnismaterial
DE102011112966.2 2011-09-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013037446A2 true WO2013037446A2 (fr) 2013-03-21
WO2013037446A3 WO2013037446A3 (fr) 2013-05-10

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2012/003403 WO2013037446A2 (fr) 2011-09-13 2012-08-09 Actionneur comportant un élément de réglage en matériau à mémoire de forme

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102011112966A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013037446A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017106220B3 (de) 2017-03-22 2018-09-06 Component Engineering Services Gmbh Aktuator

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017007596B4 (de) 2017-08-13 2019-12-19 Chr. Mayr Gmbh + Co. Kg Formgedächtnisaktuatoranordnung und Verfahren für deren Herstellung
DE102019100694B4 (de) 2019-01-11 2021-05-20 Chr. Mayr Gmbh + Co. Kg Formgedächtnisaktuatoranordnung und Montageverfahren

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1850359A2 (fr) 2006-04-24 2007-10-31 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Touche reconfigurable à forme variable et panneau de commande doté d'une telle touche, en particulier pour l'utilisation dans un véhicule
DE602004008189T2 (de) 2003-11-18 2008-05-15 General Motors Corp., Detroit Verstellbare und Rückstellbare Stossdämpfende Vorrichtung für Fahrzeuge
DE102010004162A1 (de) 2009-01-13 2010-12-09 GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit Sicherheitsgurtschlossbringer auf der Basis eines aktiven Materials

Family Cites Families (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4836496A (en) * 1987-08-27 1989-06-06 Johnson Service Company SMF actuator
US6447478B1 (en) * 1998-05-15 2002-09-10 Ronald S. Maynard Thin-film shape memory alloy actuators and processing methods
WO2004092581A1 (fr) * 2003-04-15 2004-10-28 Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University Actionneur de memoire de forme d'un film mince contracte utilisant des substrats polymeres
US6834835B1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2004-12-28 Qortek, Inc. Telescopic wing system
US7939178B2 (en) * 2008-05-14 2011-05-10 Raytheon Company Shape-changing structure with superelastic foam material
US8016249B2 (en) * 2008-05-14 2011-09-13 Raytheon Company Shape-changing structure member with embedded spring

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE602004008189T2 (de) 2003-11-18 2008-05-15 General Motors Corp., Detroit Verstellbare und Rückstellbare Stossdämpfende Vorrichtung für Fahrzeuge
EP1850359A2 (fr) 2006-04-24 2007-10-31 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Touche reconfigurable à forme variable et panneau de commande doté d'une telle touche, en particulier pour l'utilisation dans un véhicule
DE102010004162A1 (de) 2009-01-13 2010-12-09 GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit Sicherheitsgurtschlossbringer auf der Basis eines aktiven Materials

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017106220B3 (de) 2017-03-22 2018-09-06 Component Engineering Services Gmbh Aktuator
WO2018172482A1 (fr) 2017-03-22 2018-09-27 Component Engineering Services Gmbh Actionneur et élément de raccordement
US10851766B2 (en) 2017-03-22 2020-12-01 Component Engineering Services Gmbh Actuator and connection element

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Publication number Publication date
WO2013037446A3 (fr) 2013-05-10
DE102011112966A1 (de) 2013-03-14

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