WO2013032356A1 - Dispositif muni d'une couche photoréceptrice destinée à transformer l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif muni d'une couche photoréceptrice destinée à transformer l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013032356A1
WO2013032356A1 PCT/RU2011/000672 RU2011000672W WO2013032356A1 WO 2013032356 A1 WO2013032356 A1 WO 2013032356A1 RU 2011000672 W RU2011000672 W RU 2011000672W WO 2013032356 A1 WO2013032356 A1 WO 2013032356A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavities
strip
energy
profile
solar energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2011/000672
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Лариса Аркадьевна МОЛОХИНА
Марина Петровна САХАРОВА
Александр Владимирович ТЕРЕЩЕНКО
Николай Андреевич МАРЧЕНКО
Original Assignee
Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инносфера Технолоджи"
СКУРИХИН, Эдуард Валерьевич
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инносфера Технолоджи", СКУРИХИН, Эдуард Валерьевич filed Critical Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инносфера Технолоджи"
Priority to RU2013147697/28A priority Critical patent/RU2544866C1/ru
Priority to PCT/RU2011/000672 priority patent/WO2013032356A1/fr
Publication of WO2013032356A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013032356A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of solar energy, in particular, to elements with radiation concentrators for generating electric and thermal energy and can be used to create highly efficient autonomous sources of electricity.
  • the prior art various devices for converting solar energy, aimed at increasing the concentration of solar radiation on solar cells by creating reflective surfaces and increasing their area.
  • reflective surfaces are formed on a photodetector layer deposited on a substrate.
  • JP 2003158274 published May 30, 2003, in which pyramidal protrusions or depressions with a side size of the base of the pyramid of 40 ⁇ are formed on the photodetector.
  • Similar solutions are disclosed, in particular, in patent KR 100322711, published January 17, 2007, which describes a solar battery, the photodetector layer of which is made with a profile in the form of randomly arranged pyramidal protrusions; in US patent 3,150,999, published September 29, 1964, which describes a radiant energy converter, the photodetector layer of which is made with pyramidal depressions, etc.
  • the basic modifications of the microrelief according to habitus and production technology are subdivided on the surface of a concave directionally-profiled microrelief and the surface of a convex "spontaneous" microrelief.
  • the microrelief is carried out in a layer of polycrystalline silicon with a thickness of 200 - 300 microns, which is grown on a flat plate of single-crystal silicon.
  • the relief itself is obtained either by etching, or by laser or mechanical cutting.
  • This technology for the manufacture of microrelief is a complex and expensive process.
  • the angles at the apex cannot be made less than 60 °, which sharply reduces the number of reflections inside the structure, while the absorption coefficient does not exceed 40%.
  • the disadvantages of the known devices are the complexity and, as a consequence, the high cost of the technology for manufacturing the profile of the photodetector layer, as well as the inability to make pyramids with small angles at the apex, which leads to a high reflection coefficient and its large dependence on the angle of incidence of solar radiation.
  • the disadvantages of this device include the technological complexity of manufacturing the profile of the substrate and the inconvenience during operation, due to the fact that the installation of the elements of the device requires rather bulky and expensive devices.
  • a device for converting solar energy into electrical energy developed by the Japanese National Institute of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Industry, including a substrate, a photodetector deposited on the surface of the substrate, front and back electrodes in contact with the front and back sides of the photodetector * respectively
  • the disadvantage of this device is the low absorption coefficient due to the lack of multiple reflection, and, as a consequence, the low efficiency of the device.
  • the technical result to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of a device for converting solar energy by increasing the absorption coefficient of the photodetector layer, reducing the dependence of the absorption coefficient on the angle of incidence of solar radiation with simplifications in the manufacturing, installation and operation of the device, reducing its weight and cost.
  • the device with a photodetector layer for converting solar energy into electrical energy contains, at least one pair of substrates, each of which is made in the form of a strip, while at least one of the strips is profiled with a periodic profile in its longitudinal direction and a variable profile in the transverse direction, while the substrates of one pair are connected between itself with the possibility of forming profiles of at least one row of cavities.
  • the cavities can be cones and / or pyramids and / or spheres and / or spheroids and / or cylinders and / or truncated cones and / or truncated pyramids, while the cavities in different rows in the transverse direction can be made of various shapes.
  • the specified technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the thickness of the strip is less than the height of the profile of the transverse and / or longitudinal section of this strip.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view showing one pair of substrates, each of which is made in the form of a profiled strip with a periodic profile in its longitudinal direction and a variable profile in the transverse direction;
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a General view of a pair of substrates assembled with the formation of cavities in the form of pyramids;
  • Fig.3 is a General view of a pair of substrates in the Assembly with the formation of cavities in the form of cones;
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a General view of a pair of substrates assembled with the formation in two rows in the transverse direction of the cavities of the same shape in the form of truncated pyramids;
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a General view of a pair of substrates assembled with the formation in two rows in the transverse direction of cavities of various shapes: in the form of truncated pyramids and spheres;
  • Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section of a device with a photodetector for converting solar energy into electrical energy, containing a pair of substrates;
  • Fig.7 is a view of Fig.6:
  • Figure 9 is a view In figure 6;
  • Figure 10 shows a perspective view of a pair of substrates, one of which is made in the form of a smooth strip, and the second in the form of a profiled strip with a periodic profile in its longitudinal direction and a variable profile in the transverse direction
  • a device with a photodetector for converting solar energy into electrical energy contains at least one pair of substrates (1), in which at least one of them is made in the form of a profiled strip with a periodic profile in its longitudinal direction and a variable profile in transverse direction. At least one photodetector layer (2) is deposited on the substrates (1) of each pair, with the front (3) and rear (4) electrodes in contact with the front and back sides, respectively.
  • a pair of substrates is made of a team of two at least single-layer strips.
  • a variant is possible when one of the bands is smooth, and the second with a periodic profile. This option is preferable if it is necessary to form cavities in the form of trihedral pyramids.
  • two profiled strips are used, each of the longitudinal sections of which at the same height is a periodic broken line of the same type.
  • each of the cross sections of the strip represents a periodic broken line of at least one type, but may be different broken lines.
  • the substrates of one pair are interconnected in such a way that the profile on them forms at least one row of cavities.
  • the cavities can be cones and / or pyramids' (trihedral, tetrahedral, pentahedral, hexahedral, octahedral, etc.) and / or spheres and / or spheroids and / or cylinders.
  • broken lines in the transverse and longitudinal sections of the strip used in the manufacture of the substrate can be zigzag, wavy, or a combination of different lines, for example, zigzag and straight, or wave and straight, or zigzag and straight and wave.
  • the combination of broken lines is different.
  • the zigzag is the same - it forms a straight girdle on the base of the pyramid; then when the cuts are reduced, the zigzag will decrease, and straight sections begin to appear. As the cuts decrease, the zigzag will decrease, and the straight sections will increase until the zigzags completely disappear.
  • a device for converting solar energy into electrical energy may contain the number of pairs of substrates that is required depending on the operating conditions of the device and its required performance.
  • Cavities are designed to provide the maximum possible absorption of solar energy incident on the photoabsorbing layer due to multiple re-reflection and, accordingly, absorption of radiation inside the cavities (hollow structures).
  • trihedral pyramids a light trap occurs at an angle 35 ° between the face of the pyramid and its opposite edge.
  • Peaked constructions can have various configurations, however, it is technologically most profitable to produce trihedral or tetrahedral constructions.
  • the disadvantage of simple pyramidal structures is that the initial incidence of light occurs at angles at which the coefficient of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy in p- ⁇ junctions is very small and, accordingly, the efficiency of the device is small.
  • the organization of additional traps in the form of pyramids or spheroids allows you to get a better distribution of the angles of incidence of light on the surface of the semiconductor, which increases the efficiency of the device.
  • each strip can be made of either a polymeric material or a metal, for example, by compression or by vacuum forming of polymer films or metal foil.
  • the substrate is the base on which the photodetector layer (2) and electrodes (3) and (4) are installed.
  • the need for a dielectric layer is determined. If the substrate (1) is made of metal, a dielectric layer (5) is applied to it, onto which the back electrode (4), the photodetector layer (2) and the front electrode (3) are subsequently installed. In the manufacture of the substrate (1) from a dielectric material, a back electrode (4), a photodetector layer (2), and a front electrode (3) are then sequentially mounted on it.
  • the photodetector layer (2) can be made in single or multi-stage design, based on silicon, diatoms, etc., and have different absorption coefficients in different wavelength ranges of the solar spectrum.
  • substrate material depends on the type of photodetector layer and the method of its application.
  • a metal for example, copper, molybdenum, etc. can be used as a substrate.
  • a reflective coating (6) can be applied to the surface of the substrate (1). If the walls of the structure are made of smooth, optical quality, then subsequent layers deposited, for example, by spraying in vacuum, have a high reflection coefficient. In this case, the reflective coating (6), if it is made made of metal, for example aluminum, silver, etc., can simultaneously perform the functions of the back electrode (4).
  • At least one protective screen (7) is placed on the front side of the device for converting solar energy, which is designed to protect the photodetector layer and electrodes from the adverse effects of the external environment.
  • the protective screen (7) is made optically transparent from. polymeric materials (PVC, polycarbonate, etc.) or glass and, as a rule, a dust- and / or water-repellent and / or wear-resistant coating (8) is applied to its front surface, which is designed to increase the surface's resistance to abrasion and scratches, as well as to repel dirt and water from a protective optically transparent screen.
  • the coating (8) is preferably made of polymethylmethacrylate with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
  • a filter layer is applied to the back surface of the protective optically transparent screen. (9), which provides optimization of the wavelength range of solar radiation passing through a protective optically transparent screen for various types of photodetector.
  • Various oxides are used, for example, as filter materials: A1 2 0 3 (1.59), Si0 2 (1.46), TU 2 (2.2–2.6); fluorides: gF 2 (1.38), CaF 2 (1.24), LiF (1.35); sulfides: ZnS (2.35), CdS.
  • the choice of a particular material depends on the type of photodetector layer and is determined by the wavelength of the spectrum actively absorbed by the photodetector layer.
  • a holographic embossing layer can be used to create the effect of filtering solar radiation.
  • the device can be equipped with an additional protective screen (10) placed on the back of the device and made with holes of various shapes to ensure ventilation of the device.
  • an additional screen (10) makes it possible to create cavities and a device (11) for supplying a coolant, for example, water, on the back side of the substrate, allowing cooling of the substrate (1). This is significant, since during the operation of any solar cell, the temperature of the substrate increases, which reduces the electrical characteristics of the solar battery as a whole.
  • the introduction into the cavity of the refrigerant for example, water or air, leads not only to lower the temperature of the substrate, but also heats the refrigerant itself, for example, water, which in this case is an additional product of the invention.
  • Each of the protective screens (7), (10) can be connected to the substrate (1) to ensure that a sealed cavity (12) is created between the screen and the substrate.
  • the creation of a sealed cavity allows you to protect the internal systems of the device from atmospheric exposure and create a low pressure area.
  • the sealed cavity can be filled with any gas. Sealing can be created by welding the material along the external contour of the product or by gluing. This ensures a snug fit of the protective screen to the honeycomb panel and reduces the likelihood of its lag during operation of the device with increasing substrate temperature. With increasing temperature during operation of the device for converting solar energy, the pressure inside the sealed space begins to increase. To reduce the likelihood of depressurization of the device for converting solar energy in this case, the necessary pressure difference is calculated taking into account the operating conditions of work in the southern or northern climatic zones.
  • Fasteners (13) are installed on the external circuit of the device for converting solar energy, through which several devices can be interconnected into a single solar battery of the required size.
  • the fastening elements (13) can be made in the form of a push-button connection, for example, by embossing the relief.
  • the fastening elements (13) can be made in the form of any known connections, such as locking, threaded, etc.
  • the external circuit of the proposed thin-film device for converting solar energy of fasteners (13) makes it easy to assemble many devices for converting solar energy into a solar battery and, if necessary, replace them.
  • the device for converting solar energy is equipped with an antistatic device, (14), which can be used, for example, the antistatic cord of the company "Human", installed on the external circuit of the device for converting solar energy.
  • Electric buses (15 and 16) provide electrical contact between the back and front electrodes of individual devices when they are assembled in a large solar battery.
  • Electric buses (17 and 18) provide removal of electric energy from the solar battery.
  • a device with a photodetector for converting solar energy into electrical energy works as follows.
  • Solar radiation entering the cavities in the form of pyramids and / or cones and / or spheres and / or spheroids and / or truncated pyramids and / or truncated cones is repeatedly reflected from the walls of the cavities.
  • light is absorbed in the photodetector layer (2) and is converted into electrical energy.
  • the removal of electrical energy is carried out by means of the front (3) and rear (4) electrodes in contact with the front and back sides of the photodetector layer (2), respectively, and then through the electric busbars (15-18).
  • the re-reflection coefficient inside it is 4.25 for an angle of deviation from the zenith of 70 °.
  • Such devices do not require tracking the sun and storage installations, which dramatically reduces the cost of installing and operating the device.
  • Profiling of strips used for the manufacture of substrates in a device for converting solar energy is performed by embossing by matrices in a substrate (1), which ensures the optical quality of the walls of hollow structures.
  • the production of profiled strips is carried out using serial equipment, which significantly reduces the cost of the substrate itself and the device as a whole.
  • the proposed device for converting solar energy works without direct incidence on the solar radiation panel — only by absorbing scattered light, and practically does not depend on the angle of incidence of light, since at any angle of incidence of sunlight on it, the latter falling into hollow structures are reflected on their side walls and move deep into the photodetector layer in the direction of their real or imaginary peaks.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine du génie énergétique solaire et notamment des éléments à concentrateurs de rayonnement pour obtenir une énergie thermique et électrique et peut s'utiliser pour créer des sources autonomes hautement efficaces d'énergie électrique. Le résultat technique visé par l'invention est une hausse du rendement du dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire grâce à l'amélioration du coefficient d'absorption de la couche photoréceptrice, la baisse de la dépendance du coefficient d'absorption de l'angle d'incidence du rayonnement solaire et une simplification de la technologie de fabrication, du montage et de l'exploitation du dispositif ainsi que de la baisse de son poids et de son coût. Ce résultat technique est réalisé grâce au fait que le dispositif possédant une couche photoréceptrice et destiné à la transformation de l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique comprend au moins une paire de substrats dont chacun se présente comme une bande, et au moins une bande est profilée et possède un profil périodique orienté dans le sens longitudinal et un profil variable dans le sens transversal, les substrats d'une paire étant reliés entre eux de manière à pouvoir former des profils d'au moins une rangée de cavités. Les cavités peuvent se présenter comme des cônes et/ou des pyramides et/ou des sphères et/ou des sphéroïdes et/ou des cylindres et/ou des pyramides tronquées, les plans dans différentes rangées dans le sens transversal pouvant avoir des formes différentes. Le résultat technique est également réalisé grâce au fait que l'épaisseur d'une bande est inférieure à celle du profil de coupe transversale et/ou longitudinale de cette bande.
PCT/RU2011/000672 2011-09-02 2011-09-02 Dispositif muni d'une couche photoréceptrice destinée à transformer l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique WO2013032356A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2013147697/28A RU2544866C1 (ru) 2011-09-02 2011-09-02 Устройство с фотоприемным слоем для преобразования солнечной энергии в электрическую
PCT/RU2011/000672 WO2013032356A1 (fr) 2011-09-02 2011-09-02 Dispositif muni d'une couche photoréceptrice destinée à transformer l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/RU2011/000672 WO2013032356A1 (fr) 2011-09-02 2011-09-02 Dispositif muni d'une couche photoréceptrice destinée à transformer l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique

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WO2013032356A1 true WO2013032356A1 (fr) 2013-03-07

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015133933A1 (fr) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-11 Илья Валерьевич МОЛОХИН Dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021003150A1 (fr) * 2019-07-01 2021-01-07 Aegis Power Systems, Inc. Panneau solaire multiplan à haut rendement

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904612A (en) * 1956-07-30 1959-09-15 Hoffman Electronics Corp Radiant energy converter
US3150999A (en) * 1961-02-17 1964-09-29 Transitron Electronic Corp Radiant energy transducer
JP2007265826A (ja) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-11 Enplas Corp 色素増感型太陽電池およびその光電極基板

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2127470C1 (ru) * 1997-05-19 1999-03-10 Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт электрификации сельского хозяйства Фотоэлектрическая батарея

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904612A (en) * 1956-07-30 1959-09-15 Hoffman Electronics Corp Radiant energy converter
US3150999A (en) * 1961-02-17 1964-09-29 Transitron Electronic Corp Radiant energy transducer
JP2007265826A (ja) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-11 Enplas Corp 色素増感型太陽電池およびその光電極基板

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015133933A1 (fr) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-11 Илья Валерьевич МОЛОХИН Dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire

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