WO2013002662A1 - Dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire - Google Patents

Dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013002662A1
WO2013002662A1 PCT/RU2011/000460 RU2011000460W WO2013002662A1 WO 2013002662 A1 WO2013002662 A1 WO 2013002662A1 RU 2011000460 W RU2011000460 W RU 2011000460W WO 2013002662 A1 WO2013002662 A1 WO 2013002662A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
solar energy
screen
protective
converting solar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2011/000460
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Лариса Аркадьевна МОЛОХИНА
Эдуард Валерьевич СКУРИХИН
Марина Петровна САХАРОВА
Александр Владимирович ТЕРЕЩЕНКО
Николай Андреевич МАРЧЕНКО
Николай Николаевич ЛЕБЕДЕВ
Original Assignee
Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инносфера Технолоджи"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инносфера Технолоджи" filed Critical Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инносфера Технолоджи"
Priority to PCT/RU2011/000460 priority Critical patent/WO2013002662A1/fr
Priority to RU2013147696/28A priority patent/RU2013147696A/ru
Publication of WO2013002662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013002662A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/056—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/18—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/83—Other shapes
    • F24S2023/831—Other shapes corrugated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of solar energy, in particular, to elements with radiation concentrators for generating electric and thermal energy and can be used to create highly efficient autonomous sources of electricity.
  • the prior art various devices for converting solar energy, aimed at increasing the concentration of solar radiation on solar cells by creating reflective surfaces and increasing their area.
  • reflective surfaces are formed on a photodetector layer deposited on a substrate.
  • JP 2003158274 published May 30, 2003, in which pyramidal protrusions or depressions with a side size of the base of the pyramid of 40 ⁇ are formed on the photodetector.
  • Similar solutions are disclosed, in particular, in patent KR 100322711, published January 17, 2007, which describes a solar battery, the photodetector layer of which is made with a profile in the form of randomly arranged pyramidal protrusions; in US patent 3,150,999, published September 29, 1964, which describes a radiant energy converter, the photodetector layer of which is made with pyramidal depressions, etc.
  • the main modifications of the microrelief according to habitus and production technology are divided on the surface of a concave directionally-profiled microrelief and the surface of a convex "spontaneous" microrelief.
  • the microrelief is carried out in a layer of polycrystalline silicon with a thickness of 200 - 300 microns, which is grown on a flat plate of single-crystal silicon.
  • the relief itself is obtained either by etching, or by laser or mechanical cutting.
  • the technology of manufacturing microrelief is a complex and expensive process.
  • the angles at the apex cannot be made less than 60 °, which dramatically reduces the number of reflections within the structure. Moreover, the absorption coefficient does not exceed 40%.
  • the disadvantages of the known devices are the complexity and, as a consequence, the high cost of manufacturing technology for the profile of the photodetector layer, as well as the impossibility of performing pyramids with small angles at the apex, which leads to a high reflection coefficient and its large dependence on the angle of incidence of solar radiation.
  • the disadvantages of this device include the technological complexity of manufacturing the profile of the substrate and the inconvenience during operation, due to the fact that the installation of the elements of the device requires rather bulky and expensive devices.
  • a device for converting solar energy into electrical energy developed by the Japanese National Institute of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Industry, comprising a substrate, a photodetector layer deposited on the surface of the substrate, front and back electrodes in contact with the front and back sides of the photodetector, respectively
  • the disadvantage of this device is the low absorption coefficient due to the lack of multiple reflection, and, as a consequence, the low efficiency of the device.
  • the technical result to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of the device for converting solar energy by creating multiple reflections, reducing the dependence of the absorption coefficient on the angle of incidence of solar radiation while simplifying the manufacturing, installation and operation of the device, reducing its weight and cost.
  • the substrate is made in the form of at least a single-layer sheet of a periodic profile, the transverse and / or longitudinal section of which is a broken line with V-shaped protrusions with pointed and / or truncated vertices.
  • the thickness of the sheet may be less than or equal to the height of the V-shaped protrusion.
  • the substrate can be additionally coated with a reflective coating
  • the device can be additionally equipped with at least one protective screen, which can be configured to provide ventilation and / or optically transparent.
  • a dust- and / or water-repellent and / or wear-resistant coating may be applied to the front surface of the protective optically transparent screen
  • a filter coating may be applied to the back surface of the protective optically transparent screen.
  • At least one protective shield may be connected to the substrate, thereby providing an airtight cavity between the shield and the substrate, in which reduced pressure may be created.
  • the device for converting solar energy can be equipped with fasteners for connecting at least two devices to each other with mechanical and electrical contacts between them, and it can also be equipped with an antistatic and / or cooling devices.
  • figure 1 shows a General view of the substrate in a perspective view with a V-shaped profile
  • figure 2 shows a General view of the substrate in a perspective view with a pyramidal profile consisting of tetrahedral pyramids
  • Fig.3 shows a General view of the substrate in a perspective view with a pyramidal profile consisting of tetrahedral pyramids with truncated vertices;
  • figure 4 shows a General view of the substrate in a perspective view with a pyramidal profile consisting of trihedral pyramids with truncated vertices;
  • figure 5 shows a cross section of a device for converting solar energy with a sealed cavity between the screen and the substrate; 6 is a cross-sectional view of a device for converting solar energy;
  • figure 7 shows a view of figure 5
  • Fig.8 is a view of B in Fig.5;
  • figure 9 is a view In figure 5;
  • figure 10 is a view of figure 6.
  • the device for converting solar energy contains a substrate (1), on which at least one photodetector layer (2) is applied, with the front and back sides of which the front (3) and rear (4) electrodes are in contact, respectively.
  • the substrate (1) is made in the form of at least a single-layer sheet of a periodic profile, the transverse and / or longitudinal section of which is a broken line with V-shaped protrusions with pointed and / or truncated vertices.
  • the execution of the sheet with the specified profile allows you to create a substrate, the surface of which is a set of structures forming cavities in the form of pyramids and / or cones and / or V-shaped grooves and / or truncated pyramids and / or truncated cones and / or truncated V-shaped grooves .
  • depressions are formed on one side of the substrate in the form of pyramids and / or cones and / or V-shaped grooves and / or truncated pyramids and / or truncated cones and / or truncated V-shaped grooves, and on the other hand, protrusions in the form of pyramids and / or cones and / or V-shaped grooves and / or truncated pyramids and / or truncated cones and / or truncated V-grooves.
  • Hollow structures are designed to provide the maximum possible absorption of solar energy incident on the photoabsorbing layer due to repeated re-reflection and, accordingly, absorption of radiation inside the hollow structures. Moreover: at large angles at the top of the structures, an increase in the absorbing area relative to the overall dimensions of the solar cell occurs. With a decrease in the angle at the apex of the structures, depending on the angle at the apex and the angle of incidence of the radiation, repeated re-reflection of radiation begins inside the hollow structural elements, each time with absorption of energy and the sharper the angle, the more the number of reflections increases and, accordingly, the total absorption coefficient of radiation increases.
  • the substrate (1) in the form of a sheet of a periodic profile, the transverse and / or longitudinal section of which is a broken line with V-shaped protrusions with pointed and / or truncated vertices, allows its serial production with an angle at the apex of less than 22 °.
  • the substrate can be made of both a polymeric material and a metal, for example, by compression or by vacuum forming of polymer films or metal foil.
  • the height of the hollow structures formed on the sheet substrate (1), as a rule, is greater, but can be equal to the thickness of the sheet (1).
  • the substrate is the base on which the photodetector layer (2) and electrodes (3) and (4) are mounted.
  • the need for a dielectric layer is determined. If the substrate (1) is made of metal, a dielectric layer (5) is applied to it, onto which the back electrode (4), the photodetector layer (2) and the front electrode (3) are subsequently installed. In the manufacture of the substrate (1) from a dielectric material, a back electrode (4), a photodetector layer (2), and a front electrode (3) are then sequentially mounted on it.
  • the photodetector layer (2) can be made in single or multi-stage design, based on silicon, diatoms, etc., and have different absorption coefficients in different wavelength ranges of the solar spectrum.
  • substrate material depends on the type of photodetector layer and the method of its application.
  • a metal for example, copper, molybdenum, etc. can be used as a substrate.
  • a reflective coating (6) can be applied to the surface of the substrate (1). If the walls of the structure are smooth, of optical quality, then subsequent layers deposited, for example, by spraying in vacuum, have a high reflection coefficient. In this case, the reflective coating (6), if it is made of metal, for example aluminum, silver, etc., can simultaneously perform the functions of the back electrode (4).
  • At least one protective screen (7) is placed on the front side of the device for converting solar energy, which is designed to protect the photodetector layer and electrodes from the adverse effects of the external environment.
  • the protective screen (7) is made optically transparent from polymeric materials (PVC, polycarbonate, etc.) or glass and, as a rule, it is dustproof and / or water-repellent and / or wear-resistant.
  • coating (8) which is intended to increase the surface resistance to abrasion and scratches, as well as to repel dirt and water from a protective optically transparent screen.
  • the coating (8) is preferably made of polymethylmethacrylate with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
  • a filter layer (9) is applied to the back surface of the protective optically transparent screen, which provides optimization of the wavelength range of solar radiation passing through the protective optically transparent screen for various types of photodetector.
  • Various oxides are used, for example, as filter materials: A1 2 0 3 (1.59), Si0 2 (1.46), TU 2 (2.2–2.6); fluorides: MgF 2 (1.38), CaF 2 (1.24), LiF (1.35); sulfides: ZnS (2.35), CdS.
  • the choice of a particular material depends on the type of photodetector layer and is determined by the wavelength of the spectrum actively absorbed by the photodetector layer.
  • a holographic embossing layer can be used to create the effect of filtering solar radiation.
  • the device can be equipped with an additional protective screen (10) placed on the back of the device and made with holes of various shapes to ensure ventilation of the device.
  • an additional screen (10) makes it possible to create cavities and a device (11) for supplying a coolant, for example, water, on the back side of the substrate, allowing cooling of the substrate (1). This is significant, since during the operation of any solar cell, the temperature of the substrate increases, which reduces the electrical characteristics of the solar battery as a whole.
  • the introduction in the cavity of a refrigerant for example, water or air, not only reduces the temperature of the substrate, but also heats the refrigerant itself, for example, water, which in this case is an additional product of the invention.
  • Each of the protective screens (7), (10) can be connected to the substrate (1) to ensure that a sealed cavity (12) is created between the screen and the substrate.
  • the creation of a sealed cavity allows you to protect the internal systems of the device from atmospheric exposure and create a low pressure area.
  • the sealed cavity can be filled with any gas. Sealing can be created by welding the material along the external contour of the product or by gluing. This ensures a snug fit of the protective screen to the honeycomb panel and reduces the likelihood of its lag during operation of the device with increasing substrate temperature. With increasing temperature during operation of the device for converting solar energy, the pressure inside the sealed space begins to increase. To reduce the likelihood of depressurization of the device for converting solar energy in this case, the necessary pressure difference is calculated taking into account the operating conditions of work in the southern or northern climatic zones.
  • Fasteners (13) are installed on the external circuit of the device for converting solar energy, through which several devices can be interconnected into a single solar battery of the required size.
  • the fastening elements (13) can be made in the form of a push-button connection, for example, by embossing the relief.
  • the fastening elements (13) can be made in the form of any known connections, such as locking, threaded, etc. As a result, when assembling devices for converting solar energy into a solar battery, complex and material-intensive devices and devices are not required. Installation on the external circuit of the proposed thin-film device for converting solar energy fasteners (13) provides the ease of assembly of many devices for converting solar energy into a solar battery and, if necessary, replacing them.
  • the device for converting solar energy is equipped with an antistatic device, (14), which can be used, for example, the antistatic cord of the company "Human", installed on the external circuit of the device for converting solar energy.
  • an antistatic device (14) which can be used, for example, the antistatic cord of the company "Human”, installed on the external circuit of the device for converting solar energy.
  • Electric buses (15 and 16) provide electrical contact between the back and front electrodes of individual devices when they are assembled in a large solar battery.
  • Electric buses (17 and 18) provide removal of electric energy from the solar battery.
  • a device for converting solar energy works as follows.
  • Solar radiation entering the hollow structures in the form of pyramids and / or cones and / or V-shaped grooves and / or truncated pyramids and / or truncated cones is repeatedly reflected from the walls of the hollow structures.
  • light is absorbed in the photodetector layer (2) and is converted into electrical energy.
  • the removal of electrical energy is carried out by means of the front (3) and rear (4) electrodes in contact with the front and back sides of the photodetector layer (2), respectively, and then through the electric busbars (15-18).
  • the profile in the form of hollow structures is performed by embossing by matrices in the substrate (1), which ensures the optical quality of the walls of hollow structures. Moreover, its manufacture is carried out using serial equipment, which significantly reduces the cost of the substrate itself and the device as a whole.
  • the proposed device for converting solar energy works without direct incidence on the solar radiation panel — only by absorbing scattered light, and practically does not depend on the angle of incidence of light, since at any angle of incidence of sunlight on it, the latter falling into hollow structures are reflected on their side walls and move deep into the photodetector layer in the direction of their real or imaginary peaks.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Blocking Light For Cameras (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine du génie énergétique solaire et notamment des éléments à concentrateurs de rayonnement pour obtenir une énergie thermique et électrique et peut s'utiliser pour créer des sources autonomes hautement efficaces d'énergie électrique. Le dispositif de transformation d'énergie électrique comprend un substrat, au moins une couche photo-acceptrice déposée à la surface du substrat, des électrodes recto et verso en contact avec les côtés recto et verso de la couche photo-acceptrice, respectivement, le substrat ayant été réalisé sous la forme d'une couche unique d'une feuille de profil périodique dont la section transversale et/ou longitudinale se présente comme une ligne en zigzag à saillies en V et des sommets pointus ou tronqués. Le résultat technique visé par l'invention est une hausse du rendement du dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire grâce à la création d'un réflexion multiple, la baisse de la dépendance du coefficient d'absorption de l'angle d'incidence du rayonnement solaire et une simplification de la technologie de fabrication, du montage et de l'exploitation du dispositif ainsi que de la baisse de son poids et de son coût.
PCT/RU2011/000460 2011-06-27 2011-06-27 Dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire WO2013002662A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2011/000460 WO2013002662A1 (fr) 2011-06-27 2011-06-27 Dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire
RU2013147696/28A RU2013147696A (ru) 2011-06-27 2011-06-27 Устройство для преобразования солнечной энергии

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2011/000460 WO2013002662A1 (fr) 2011-06-27 2011-06-27 Dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire

Publications (1)

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WO2013002662A1 true WO2013002662A1 (fr) 2013-01-03

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WO (1) WO2013002662A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2555197C1 (ru) * 2014-03-04 2015-07-10 Илья Валерьевич Молохин Устройство для преобразования солнечной энергии
WO2021003150A1 (fr) * 2019-07-01 2021-01-07 Aegis Power Systems, Inc. Panneau solaire multiplan à haut rendement
WO2021046258A1 (fr) * 2019-09-04 2021-03-11 Unm Rainforest Innovations Élimination de chaleur assistée par flexibilité dans des cellules solaires en silicium cristallin mince

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904612A (en) * 1956-07-30 1959-09-15 Hoffman Electronics Corp Radiant energy converter
US3150999A (en) * 1961-02-17 1964-09-29 Transitron Electronic Corp Radiant energy transducer
SU997266A1 (ru) * 1981-05-14 1983-02-15 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Охраны Труда Вцспс Антистатический браслет
RU1815537C (ru) * 1989-11-15 1993-05-15 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт гелиевой техники Охлаждающее устройство
RU2054738C1 (ru) * 1992-01-31 1996-02-20 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТОП" Электромагнитный экран для приборов с электронно - лучевой трубкой
RU2399118C1 (ru) * 2009-10-06 2010-09-10 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" Фотоэлектрический преобразователь на основе непланарной полупроводниковой структуры

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904612A (en) * 1956-07-30 1959-09-15 Hoffman Electronics Corp Radiant energy converter
US3150999A (en) * 1961-02-17 1964-09-29 Transitron Electronic Corp Radiant energy transducer
SU997266A1 (ru) * 1981-05-14 1983-02-15 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Охраны Труда Вцспс Антистатический браслет
RU1815537C (ru) * 1989-11-15 1993-05-15 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт гелиевой техники Охлаждающее устройство
RU2054738C1 (ru) * 1992-01-31 1996-02-20 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТОП" Электромагнитный экран для приборов с электронно - лучевой трубкой
RU2399118C1 (ru) * 2009-10-06 2010-09-10 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" Фотоэлектрический преобразователь на основе непланарной полупроводниковой структуры

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2555197C1 (ru) * 2014-03-04 2015-07-10 Илья Валерьевич Молохин Устройство для преобразования солнечной энергии
WO2015133933A1 (fr) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-11 Илья Валерьевич МОЛОХИН Dispositif pour transformer l'énergie solaire
WO2021003150A1 (fr) * 2019-07-01 2021-01-07 Aegis Power Systems, Inc. Panneau solaire multiplan à haut rendement
WO2021046258A1 (fr) * 2019-09-04 2021-03-11 Unm Rainforest Innovations Élimination de chaleur assistée par flexibilité dans des cellules solaires en silicium cristallin mince

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