WO2013029998A1 - Centrale solaire et procédé d'exploitation d'une centrale solaire - Google Patents

Centrale solaire et procédé d'exploitation d'une centrale solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013029998A1
WO2013029998A1 PCT/EP2012/065960 EP2012065960W WO2013029998A1 WO 2013029998 A1 WO2013029998 A1 WO 2013029998A1 EP 2012065960 W EP2012065960 W EP 2012065960W WO 2013029998 A1 WO2013029998 A1 WO 2013029998A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
day
operating point
characteristic
new
search
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/065960
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Lenz
Steffen Elster
Peter Knaup
Original Assignee
Voltwerk Electronics Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Voltwerk Electronics Gmbh filed Critical Voltwerk Electronics Gmbh
Publication of WO2013029998A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013029998A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
    • H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar system and a method for operating a solar generator of a solar system.
  • Solar systems for generating electrical power are well known. They include a solar generator that converts light, in particular solar radiation, into electricity.
  • a solar generator refers to an interconnection of several photovoltaic modules or photovoltaic cells in order to provide a common current and voltage output.
  • a single photovoltaic cell can be referred to as a solar generator.
  • the output from the solar generator current with the respective associated voltage depends on the load of the solar generator and the current-voltage characteristic, which is also referred to below as a simplified characteristic curve. Accordingly, the solar generator can be controlled or operated by the type of load at different operating points. Such an operating point is characterized by the current and the voltage, which adjust accordingly.
  • this power should be set to its maximum possible value by selecting or locating the corresponding point on the characteristic curve.
  • this point on the characteristic is also called MPP (Maximum Power Point).
  • MPP Maximum Power Point
  • Such partial shading often sets in only by the change in the position of the sun. Accordingly, it is possible that the solar generator is initially operated with optimum performance. By changing the position of the sun, a local maximum can arise.
  • a controller that regularly tracks the operating point to operate the solar generator at maximum power commonly referred to as an MPP tracker, may cause the operating point to shift to the new local maximum.
  • a regular characteristic scan can be carried out in order to examine the respective current characteristic of the solar generator as to whether further maxima exist, in particular if an operating point exists in which the solar generator delivers more power than at the currently set operating point.
  • the disadvantage here is that such a characteristic scan must be performed regularly, because the specific situation of the solar generator by sun and weather conditions and also seasonal changes constantly. By regularly performing such a characteristic scan but also occur regularly power failures, which can only be justified if an operating point with higher power is actually found. Often, however, such a regular characteristic scan is perceived by the operator of a solar generator as disturbing.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2005 032 086 proposes a control technology method which is intended to find an operating point with higher power, if present, in an improved manner. But even here, such operating points have to be searched regularly empirically and any performance losses when looking for an improved operating point yet occur regularly, can possibly be reduced in their amplitude.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to address at least one of the above problems.
  • a method is to be proposed which specifically finds improved operating points and avoids unnecessary characteristic curve scans.
  • At least an alternative solution should be proposed.
  • a method according to claim 1 is proposed.
  • the method thus relates to the operation of a solar generator with a variable power characteristic, namely a power characteristic that may change with time, in particular by changing lighting conditions.
  • a solar generator in one through MPP method set operating point operated.
  • MPP method set operating point operated.
  • Such a basically known MPP method thus sets an operating point having a power maximum.
  • the power maximum may be an absolute or a local maximum that is less than the absolute maximum. At this moment it is not known whether the solar generator is operated in a local, not optimal or the absolute, optimum power maximum.
  • This search is performed on a first day at least a predetermined first time of day.
  • the operating point along the characteristic curve which indicates the relationship between current and voltage of the solar generator at the present time, changed.
  • a complete characteristic scan can be carried out, which completely passes through and detects the current-voltage characteristic curve, or the directly-calculable power-voltage characteristic curve.
  • the characteristic curve can also be searched only selectively or in a section for an improved operating point.
  • a search of a new operating point is repeated on at least one later, new day at the same first time of day as on the first day.
  • the result of the first day can be taken into account, in particular in such a way that the search is repeated if an improved operating point, namely an operating point with higher power, was found on the first day.
  • the search is then also carried out on the later, new day, in particular on the following day, whereby optionally the knowledge of the improved operating point of the first day can be taken into account.
  • Such an adjustment of the operating point found on the first day is to be understood in this respect as a search of a new operating point, because when setting this new operating point or trying to adjust this new operating point, it may turn out that it is not adjustable as on the first day. If no better operating point was found on the first day, in particular if a complete characteristic scan did not result in a local maximum, the search for a new operating point can be dispensed with on the later new day.
  • the later, new day according to the invention is in particular the following day of the first day. In principle, however, there may be several days between the first and the new day, for example one week.
  • the invention is thus based on the finding that partial shading is regularly caused by a fixed obstacle. Such Railabschattung then repeated in particular on a subsequent day in almost identical manner. If no local maximum was found on the first day at the first time of the day, it is to be assumed that there was no or no relevant partial shading and therefore, on the following day at the first time of day, partial shading is generally not to be expected. A characteristic scan on the following day is thus unnecessary.
  • a characteristic scan then makes sense, in each case based on the same time of day.
  • the result of the previous day can be used directly or an attempt can be made to use this result. Minor adjustments can be made by the MPP tracker.
  • a characteristic scan can be carried out with relatively little effort, so that it is justifiable and even desirable in the event that finding an improved operating point is to be expected. Only a constant repetition of characteristic scans, which often do not lead to a result and give the appearance of appearing to have been superfluous, is disturbing. However, these frequent characteristic scans can be avoided.
  • the invention is also based on the idea of proposing a solution that is capable of learning. Accordingly, according to one embodiment it is proposed that when searching for a new operating point, a characteristic scan is carried out and data acquired during the search, in particular the characteristic of the characteristic curves recorded thereby, are stored. If a search is performed without a complete characteristic scan, the results can also be stored in an advantageous manner. So It is possible to build a database that avoids many previously performed characteristic scans. Optimal way to build a large database on characteristic scans to search for a local maximum and thus to search for an improved operating point can be completely dispensed with. Preferably, however, the occasional performance of a characteristic scan or other search for an improved operating point is proposed.
  • recorded data of the characteristic with respect to the underlying time of day and / or the underlying season are stored.
  • the underlying time of day or season is to be understood as the one to which the same data was recorded. This takes into account that a partial shading by a solid object can change through the daylight of the sun and also can change by seasonal different sun positions.
  • the search in particular a characteristic scan, be repeated at least on a first day at regular intervals.
  • regular intervals take into account the daily course of the sun and the distances can be, for example, an hour or a half hour, so that accordingly every hour or every half hour, the search is performed.
  • a regular and representative data record can also be generated.
  • the use of a distance of half an hour or a whole hour is advantageous because significant changes can be detected by the daylight of the sun without the search in question being carried out too frequently.
  • other distances are possible, such as every quarter hour, every 20 minutes or three times in two hours, or, for example, a distance in the range of one quarter of an hour to two hours, preferably half an hour to one hour.
  • the search is repeated on the new later day, especially on the following day only at the time of day, to which on the first day a new operating point was found with respect to the previously set operating point increased power.
  • unnecessary characteristic scans can be avoided on the second day.
  • characteristic curve scans are only carried out on the following day at the time of day when they are needed. Accordingly, no unnecessary characteristic scan would be performed on the second day.
  • the method can also be carried out in such a way that a search, in particular a regular search, is carried out on a first day and is likewise carried out on a further day which lies after the said first day but before the said new day.
  • the method is carried out so that in the searches, in particular in the characteristic scans, each maximum operating points, namely so-called MPPs are searched, each indicating an operating point at which the solar generator can deliver stable maximum power, wherein the determined maximum operating points are stored as a function of an open-circuit voltage of the solar generator in each case as a standard operating point for the respective time of day and / or a relevant phase.
  • MPPs maximum operating points
  • the determined maximum operating points are stored as a function of an open-circuit voltage of the solar generator in each case as a standard operating point for the respective time of day and / or a relevant phase.
  • the method adjusts the stored standard operating point corresponding to the relevant time of day on a new, later day. If it turns out that the stored standard operating point is not stable, a new operating point is searched for.
  • previous findings namely recorded operating states, can be used in a simple manner, whereby a simple way of verifying the stored setting, namely for verifying whether these settings are meaningful, can be achieved.
  • This predetermined value may in particular be a differential voltage, for example, as an absolute voltage amount or as a relative voltage amount, such as a predetermined percentage of the operating voltage of the previous standard operating point.
  • the new operating point can be stored as a standard operating point if it deviates by 2% or 5%, based on the operating voltage, from the previous standard operating point.
  • the times of day at which characteristic scans are performed are selected or set by a learning process.
  • Several or many characteristic scans, for example every half hour, are preferably carried out and evaluated on the first day.
  • the characteristic scans, which have actually led to the finding of a local maximum, which thus allow conclusions about the presence of a partial shading, are to be regarded as meaningful characteristic scans, but this was only found out as a result.
  • characteristic scans which are also referred to simply as scans, are preferably repeated on a next, further day, in particular on the new day. In this case, it is also proposed to combine such times of day into daily phases.
  • this phase may change. For example, due to a higher position of the sun in summer, the partial shading, which is also known as shading, can only occur from 1:00 in the morning to 2:00 in the afternoon.
  • a characteristic scan at the beginning of the day phase and one at the end of the day phase in a targeted manner, for example once or twice a week or every two weeks. If it turns out that at least one of these two characteristic scans at the beginning or at the end is a so-called meaningful characteristic scan, it is proposed to extend the daily phase accordingly at the beginning or at the end, depending on where the characteristic scan was meaningful.
  • the daily phase can be shortened accordingly at the beginning and / or at the end, if the corresponding characteristic scan did not make sense there, meaning that there is no indication that it is shaded or shadowed.
  • a corresponding be added to the record.
  • a solar system which comprises a solar generator for generating electrical power from light and is provided with a controller for controlling the solar generator.
  • the controller is prepared to perform at least one method according to the described embodiments.
  • the solar system comprises a corresponding microprocessor, control computer and / or electronic data storage and at least one of the control methods is preprogrammed in the solar system, in particular the microprocessor or control computer or stored for execution in the data memory.
  • Fig. 1 shows a characteristic of a solar generator without Operaabschattung.
  • Fig. 2 shows a characteristic of a solar generator with Partabschattung.
  • the power P and the current I are respectively plotted as a characteristic as a function of the voltage V at the output of the solar generator.
  • the representation is in each case to the maximum power, the maximum current, namely short-circuit current, and the maximum voltage, namely the open circuit voltage, normalized and plotted as a percentage.
  • the current I slowly drops from 100% to 0 when the voltage V has reached the open circuit voltage.
  • the power P is the product of the current I and the voltage V and thus first increases with increasing voltage, reaches a maximum P MAX and then continues to decrease with increasing voltage to 0 for no-load voltage.
  • the solar generator is operated by an MPP tracker at this optimum operating point at maximum power P MAX .
  • the mentioned MPP tracker finds and maintains this operating point at P MAX independently.
  • Fig. 2 the same type of representation as in Fig. 1 is selected, wherein the current I assumes a less uniform course compared to Fig. 1.
  • the resulting power P results in an absolute maximum P MAXI and a local maximum P MAX2 .
  • the solar generator is operated at an operating point at the local maximum P MAX2 using a known MPP tracker, the operating point at this local power maximum P MAX2 is held by the MPP tracker.
  • the absolute maximum P MAXI can not find a common MPP tracker independently.
  • the load of the solar generator is continuously or at least partially increased, so that different operating points are set on the curves shown.
  • a load may gradually increase be so that the output voltage initially has open circuit voltage and then continues to fall.
  • the characteristic curve shown or the characteristic curves shown are recorded and the power maximums, namely the local power maximum P M AX2 and the absolute power maximum P M AXI are found and the result is stored.
  • the storage can be made so that basically, at least at certain points, the characteristic curve or one of the two are stored, or, for example, only the power maximums, namely the absolute as well as the local or the local are stored.
  • One way to determine the point of maximum power is to complete the photovoltaic characteristic by adjusting the module voltage at regular intervals, such as every half hour, which is also referred to as a characteristic scan. While passing through the characteristic, the power output of the photovoltaic system is reduced. This leads to undesirable performance losses. This is particularly disturbing if there is no shadowing.
  • the proposed invention is intended to reduce this effect, in particular to perform such characteristic scans as rarely as possible, by calling up a complete characteristic scan follows an intelligent algorithm. Accordingly, four approaches can be proposed, which are partly based on each other.
  • time of day through a learning process that, for example, uses and analyzes the characteristic scan for one year or more a week during the entire day.
  • the characteristic scan is carried out continuously at the same time intervals on the first day, for example every half hour.
  • the inverter remembers in which time intervals the characteristic scan made sense.
  • the characteristic scans do not run continuously, but exactly in the phases in which meaningful characteristic scans were detected the previous day.
  • an additional scan was performed before and after each phase. If one of these characteristic scans makes sense, the phase is extended. If there are nonsensical scans or unnecessary scans at the beginning or end of the phase, the interval is shortened.
  • the proposed steps have the advantage that the compensation of shading, ie the characteristic scan, is called only if e.g. Dormers, trees or other solid bodies actually cover parts of the photovoltaic system with their shadows.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'exploitation d'un générateur solaire ayant une caractéristique de puissance variable, comprenant les étapes suivantes : l'exploitation du générateur solaire à un point de fonctionnement ajusté par la méthode du point le plus probable (MPP) ; la recherche d'un point de fonctionnement nouveau par rapport au point de fonctionnement ajusté et ayant une puissance plus élevée par rapport à ce dernier à au moins un premier moment prédéterminé d'un premier jour en faisant varier le point de fonctionnement le long de la courbe caractéristique. En fonction de la recherche du premier moment du premier jour, on répète la recherche d'un nouveau point de fonctionnement pour au moins un autre jour ultérieur au même moment que le premier moment du premier jour.
PCT/EP2012/065960 2011-09-02 2012-08-15 Centrale solaire et procédé d'exploitation d'une centrale solaire WO2013029998A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110082081 DE102011082081A1 (de) 2011-09-02 2011-09-02 Solaranlage
DE102011082081.7 2011-09-02

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WO2013029998A1 true WO2013029998A1 (fr) 2013-03-07

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112631364A (zh) * 2020-12-07 2021-04-09 马鞍山职业技术学院 一种自适应的光伏全局最大功率点追踪方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005032086A1 (de) 2005-07-08 2007-01-11 Siemens Ag Schaltventilvorrichtung und Einspritzventil
EP2360546A1 (fr) * 2010-02-24 2011-08-24 SMA Solar Technology AG Procédé de détermination d'un point de puissance maximale de générateurs photovoltaïques
WO2011100968A2 (fr) * 2010-02-16 2011-08-25 Danfoss Solar Inverters A/S Procédé de mise en œuvre d'un dispositif de suivi de point de puissance maximum

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005032086A1 (de) 2005-07-08 2007-01-11 Siemens Ag Schaltventilvorrichtung und Einspritzventil
WO2011100968A2 (fr) * 2010-02-16 2011-08-25 Danfoss Solar Inverters A/S Procédé de mise en œuvre d'un dispositif de suivi de point de puissance maximum
EP2360546A1 (fr) * 2010-02-24 2011-08-24 SMA Solar Technology AG Procédé de détermination d'un point de puissance maximale de générateurs photovoltaïques

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
CHEE LIM NGE, OLE-MORTEN MIDTGÅRD, GEORGI YORDANOV, LARS NORUM, TOR OSKAR SÄTRE: "A NEW MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING APPROACH FOR PARTIAL SHADING CONDITIONS", EU PVSEC PROCEEDINGS : 25TH EUROPEAN PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION / 5TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION, 6-10 SEPTEMBER 2010, VALENCIA, SPAIN, WIP-RENEWABLE ENERGIES, DE, 6 September 2010 (2010-09-06), XP040531697, ISBN: 978-3-936338-26-3 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112631364A (zh) * 2020-12-07 2021-04-09 马鞍山职业技术学院 一种自适应的光伏全局最大功率点追踪方法

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