WO2013029680A1

WO2013029680A1 - Grate for the incineration of solid material

Info

Publication number: WO2013029680A1
Application number: PCT/EP2011/065081
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ernst Schenkel
Original assignee: Ernst Schenkel
Priority date: 2011-09-01
Filing date: 2011-09-01
Publication date: 2013-03-07
Also published as: SI2751488T1; ES2677016T3; EP2751488B1; EP2751488A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a grate (100) for the incineration of solid material, having at least one grate row (10), which comprises a plurality of grate elements (2) arranged in a row one beside the other, where each grate element comprises at least one tube or fluid channel (30) through which cooling fluid can flow and having corresponding channel-opening regions (3), each arranged laterally on the grate element, and wherein the channel-opening regions (3) are oriented coaxially in relation to one another for coupling by means of coupling elements (1), such that the cooling channels are connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner.

Description

Rust for Feststo combustion

The invention relates to one of several fluid-cooled

Grate elements existing grate for solid combustion according to the preamble of claim 1, and a fluid and

Pressure-tight coupling element for coupling the cooling systems of grate elements according to the preamble of claim 14.

Large incinerators, such as those for thermal energy generation or waste incineration

are used for receiving and combustion of the solids to be recycled water-cooled combustion grates on which the combustion material is moved through the combustion chamber. A combustion grate has at least one grate row with a plurality of fluid-cooled grate elements, which

arranged side by side and mechanically connected to each other. Cooling fluid is passed through a conduit or channel of the grate element. The channels of the grate elements are usually coupled together in series.

Grate elements are also referred to as grate bars or grate plates. A grate may comprise a plurality of grate rows, which are usually brick-like, at least in places are arranged one above the other. The thermal expansion of a grate row is absorbed by arranged at the ends of the rows of rust expansion boxes. In the bars are openings for the supply of combustion air. The juxtaposed

Grate elements are combined into rows and every other such grate element row is in terms of the feed of the combustion material - ie the periodic execution of Schürhüben - movably mounted and connected to an oscillating drive. Since these grate elements for the most part in

Large combustion plants with constantly changing

Composition of the combustion material, e.g. in

Waste incineration plants, are used

Requirements for their performance very high. Consider, for example, that these incinerators are constantly charged with solids characterized by their specific gravity, their calorific value, their air permeability, the

Different moisture content, etc., so it is easy to see that such grates are often exposed to very high temperatures and require unusual technical effort if they are to achieve the desired life with optimal combustion process. By the

Combustion heat released are the rust elements constantly both of the chemical corrosion, as well as the

subjected to mechanical wear and must be in order

Achieving an acceptable life constantly be cooled with a fluid. Wherein the cooling within the

Rust rows from the fluid inlet from grate element to grate element reaches the fluid outlet.

In terms of effective cooling of the high

claimed grate elements are already numerous

Proposed solutions, some of which are discussed below, which are of particular interest in the present context.

The documents EP 1760400 and EP 0663565 show a grate element made of cast steel, which is part of a

water-cooled grate inside a plant for the thermal treatment of waste. The grate element through which the cooling water flows has two or more cast steel cooling channels running virtually parallel. The inputs and Outlet openings are preferably arranged directly at the foot-side end of the cooling channel, emerging from the bottom of the grate element. The cooling channels of the grate elements are connected to each other by means of screwed to the grate elements fittings and pipe sections, for example. So-called manifold. Each grate row has a main inlet pipe and a

Main drain line for supply and removal of the cooling fluid.

The document EP 1219898 AI shows a grate block, which is part of a grate within a system for

thermal treatment of waste is. The flow through the cooling water pipe is here between the created as a cast grate block and a separate holding part

arranged.

The inlet and outlet of the cooling fluid via

Pipe systems which are arranged in the region of the grate element carrier to the rear. The supply takes place from a common distribution system and the connection takes place via pipelines with screw connections or weldings.

Document EP 1315936 A1 describes a grate element cooled with liquid with cast-in cooling coils. The liquid coolant is added to each grate element from below

Area provided for carrying the grate elements

Construction, also called rust element carrier, on and

dissipated. Connection to the cooling system is via

screwed pipes. The connection to the adjacent grate elements via screwed tubular

Intermediate pieces, so-called manifolds.

It is also known to use the grate elements

To provide hose connections to these together connect. The disadvantage is that the hose connections by the prevailing high temperatures and by material such as hot metal parts, which in the combustion grate

fall down, can be damaged.

One of the disadvantages of the prior art is also that, given the use of different materials for the connection to a steel cast grate element with stainless steel fittings high demands on the welded connection and their verification are made. So there is a risk of

Stress overloads and cracks in the area of the connected steel parts. Another disadvantage of the prior art is that the welding of the connection connection in the grate element or connecting pipe by hand and is difficult to access. Another disadvantage of the prior art is that the connection to the adjacent grate element via pipe spacers with screw connections. Due to the constant Schürbewegung the combustion grate are the

Exposed connections to the adjacent grate element of increased leakage.

A disadvantage of the prior art is that the separately created in use and then connected to the ingot piping only very small

Pipe cross-sections can be realized in the connection points, which leads to high pressure losses and low amounts of cooling water. Pressure losses are also due to the required fittings and pipe manifold unfavorably increased.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a compound of grate elements for solid combustion

to propose, which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a connection of

Fluid channels are proposed, extending through a

uncomplicated, economical production distinguishes.

This object is achieved by the

characterizing features of claims 1 and 14 solved.

One of the advantages of the invention is that by means of the direct coupling of the fluid channels of adjacent grate elements of a grate row of a grate a smaller

Pressure drop of the cooling fluid is guaranteed. In addition, large quantities of cooling water can be conveyed through the grate elements, since the grate elements are centered relative to one another and fixed by appropriate fastening means, whereby the leaks usually caused by the pulling movement of the combustion grate are prevented.

The coupling of the fluid channels of grate elements is also referred to below as a fluid connection.

Another advantage of the invention is that compared to the known fluid compounds extremely large

Cooling water flow area allows higher flow rates with less pressure loss. This leads to a better cooling of the grate elements. Another advantage of the invention is that with a corresponding design of the cooling connections the

Fluid connection for water-cooled cast iron grate elements with cast cooling channels and grate elements with inserted or cast-in cooling elements can be used.

Another advantage of the invention is that the chosen embodiment of the fluid connection eliminates all welds in hard to reach places with difficult weld preparation and the risk of stress and crack formation.

An advantage of the invention is also that the execution of the grate elements for receiving the fluid connection takes place in connection with the production of the cast grate elements or with mechanical finishing.

Another advantage of the invention is that the material quality of the seals installed in the power bypass also meet the emergency running properties in case of failure of the grate cooling.

An advantage of the invention is that the fluid connection is made of stainless material and therefore insensitive to chemical corrosion and mechanical wear.

The inventive coupling element ensures a detachable, pressure-tight and self-centering fluid connection between adjacent grate elements at large

Cooling water flow and low pressure loss. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown m the figures.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an imple mentation form of a grate element with laterally disposed channel mouth region of a fluid channel;

Fig. 2 shows a sectional detail view of a

Connection of two side by side arranged

Grate elements with a coupling element in mounted

Status .

Fig. 3 shows a broken view of a

Grate row with coupling elements in a cut

Bottom view, in which the connection of the coupled fluid channels of two grate elements of the grate row and the

Cooling duct guide is visible;

Fig. 4 shows two juxtaposed grate elements in a view from below and fluidly with each other

coupled and bolted.

Fig. 5 shows two juxtaposed grate elements in a view from above and fluid moderately with each other

coupled and bolted.

The grate element 2 shown in perspective in Fig. 1 has on both sides of the long for receiving the

combusting solids serving thrust surface vertically downwardly projecting side walls in which the mouth areas 3 of the running inside the grate elements cooling channels and connection openings 4 for receiving connecting means, such as screw connections, are. Next to the grate element a coupling element 1 is shown, which m the

Mouth region 3 of the illustrated grate element 2 and a corresponding mouth region of a laterally thereto

adjoining grate element fits.

Depending on the embodiment of the grate element cooling with cast cooling channels or inserted or cast-in cooling coils, the position of receiving the fluid connection is directed to the full length of the grate element side. The same applies to the position of the screw connections. Already in the production of the steel cast grate elements, the openings are taken into account. Depending on the casting process is a mechanical post-processing of the grate elements

required.

2 shows a form of the coupling element and its position in the mouth regions of the cooling channels of adjacent grate elements 2. The im

The following described in detail coupling element 1 is sealed by a seal 8 against the grate elements 2. The coupling element 1 has a centering part 12, and subsequent in both axial directions

Guide parts 11 on.

The coupling element 1 shown in Figure 2, for the inlet and outlet as a connecting element of fluid

be used and is in the direction of the flow

independently applicable.

The embodiment shown in Figure 2 shows a cooling water flow area 5 and a wall thickness 6, which are not limited in dimension and embodiment. The embodiment shown is also not on the Design and shape of the guide, centering and sealing parts limited.

The coupling element 1 couples the respective fluid or cooling channel laterally adjacent grate elements. The length of the coupling element 1 is formed so that its free ends at least partially penetrate the side wall of a grate element 2.

The coupling element 1 preferably has one

circular inner cross-section on. The shape of the

Coupling element 1 can be carried out in but also in polygonal shape. The choice of 6 wall thickness

Coupling element 1 depends on the respective

Purpose and the prevailing operating conditions.

The guide parts 11 have a relation to the

Centering 12 smaller diameter and serve for

Guidance and positioning during assembly of the grate elements 2 and ends in the area of the inside of the grate elements

running cooling channels or pipe systems. The guide parts 11 are conically shaped with a conicity which corresponds to a formed in the respective mouth region 3 of the grate elements inner cone.

The centering part 12 of the coupling element 1 is used to stabilize and center the grate elements 2 to each other. The centering part is also in both directions

formed cone-shaped, wherein the conicity of those of the guide members, so that insertion of the coupling element 1 in the mouth areas 3 can be done without trouble. The cones or conical sections of guide part 11 and centering part 12 are preferably made with the same tolerances. Between guide part 11 and centering part 12 is a

Paragraph in the form of a stage available. The paragraph between the guide part 11 and centering part 12 at an angle of 90 ° to the central axis or to an angle to be defined

Coupling element 1 serves as a base for receiving a temperature-resistant annular or polygonal

Seal 8.

The space or space for receiving the seal 8 is preferably integrally formed on the grate element 2 in the mouth region as a seat or recess, so that a ring-shaped or polygonal sealing chamber is present.

The coupling element 1 is pressed in the assembled state against the deformable seal 8, which in the

Assembly of the grate elements 2 pressed and the

Adapts sealing chamber. The seal 8 seals the

Grate element 2 against the coupling element 1 from. Due to the precise machining of the conical outer shape of the

Guide member 11 and their low tolerance to the grate element do not affect shear forces on the seal.

The volume of the seal 8 is chosen larger by a certain factor than the available

Volume, so that the seal 8 is pressed optimally.

FIG. 3 illustrates a broken view of a grate row 10 of the grate 100 in a sectional view from below, in which the connection of the coupled fluid channels two grate elements 2 of the grate row 10 and the

Cooling duct guide is visible. During operation, that is to say in the normal installation position, the cooled grate element 2 shown in FIG. 3 is thus to be turned by 180 °. In this normal operating position, Figure 5 shows cooled grate elements connected together, top view.

Figure 4 illustrates the cooled grate elements 2 from below in the assembled state, wherein the rigid

Connection of two grate elements 2 through holes or holes 4 for receiving screws or for the realization of screw are present. By means of

Screw connections are the grate elements on block

bolted together and secured for solvability. About the same screw the coupling of the fluid channels by means of coupling element 1 between two adjacent

Grating elements 2 guaranteed. By tightening the

Screw is the coupling element 1 in the

corresponding channel mouth areas pressed and sealingly positioned.

Between two juxtaposed grate elements 2, a so-called diarrhea gap is formed, which is preferably kept small by the mechanical reworking, so that solid or burning particles and ash do not fall through the gap. Reference numeral Legend

100 rust

30 cooling channel

10 rows of grates

1 coupling element

11 guide part

12 centering part

2 grate element

3 duct opening area

4 fastening part

5 cooling water flow area

6 wall thickness

8 seal

Claims

claims

1. Grate for solid combustion, with at least one

Grate row (10) with a plurality of juxtaposed grate elements (2), wherein each grate element at least one of cooling fluid durchströmbaren fluid channel (30) with corresponding channel mouth areas (3), characterized in that the channel mouth areas (3) side by side

arranged grate elements (2) are mutually substantially coaxial.

2. combustion grate according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that for mutual coupling coaxial

Channel mouth areas (3) coupling elements (1) are present.

3. combustion grate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized

in that the channel mouth regions (3) have a circular or polygonal internal cross section.

4. combustion grate according to claim 2 or 3, characterized

in that the coupling element (1) is in the form of a fluid-flow coupling sleeve with at least one

Guide member (11) and at least one centering part (12) is formed for coupling the channel mouth areas of tiered grate elements.

5. combustion grate according to claim 4, characterized

characterized in that the at least one guide part (11) of the coupling element (1) for facilitating the Mounting and sealing a bevelled, preferably conical outer surface has.

Combustion grate according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the at least one

Centering part (12) of the coupling element (1) a

bevelled, preferably conical outer surface

having .

Combustion grate according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 6, characterized in that guide part (11) and centering part (12) have a substantially equal outer circumference or a different, mutually offset outer circumference.

Combustion grate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling element (1) has a circular or polygonal inner cross-section.

Combustion grate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the coupling element (1) and grate element (1) in the assembled state at least one temperature-resistant material formed

Seal (8) is present.

Combustion grate according to claim 10, characterized

characterized in that the seal (8) in a for

Guide the seal formed recess (7) of a corresponding grate element (2) is arranged.

Combustion grate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each grate element (2) is longitudinal, Transversely, and / or meandering cooling channels (30) or designed as a cooling tube cooling channel (30).

Combustion grate according to claim 12, characterized

in that a trained as a cooling tube

Cooling channel (30) of a grate element (2) detachable or

insoluble, for example, inlaid or cast, with the

Grate element is connected.

Combustion grate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inflow and / or outflow of cooling fluid of a grate row (10) of the grate (100) with at least one grate element (2) of the row (10) is connected.

Coupling element for fluid and pressure-tight coupling vo cooling channels or cooling lines adjacent and

interconnected grate elements of a

Combustion grate, characterized in that the

Coupling element as a fluid-flow-through sleeve 1 with at least one guide part (11) and at least one centering part (12) for coupling the

Channel mouth areas of tiered grate elements is formed.

Coupling element according to claim 14, characterized

characterized in that the at least one guide part (11) of the coupling element (1) for facilitating the

Assembly and for sealing a bevelled, preferably conical outer surface. Coupling element according to claim 14, characterized in that the at least one centering part (12) of the coupling element (1) has a bevelled, preferably conical outer surface.

Coupling element according to claim 14, characterized

characterized in that guide part (11) and centering part (12) have a substantially equal outer circumference or a different outer circumference offset from each other.

Coupling element according to claim 14, characterized

characterized in that the sleeve has a circular or polygonal inner cross-section.