WO2013029349A1 - 一种以旋切方式破岩的轮式钻头 - Google Patents
一种以旋切方式破岩的轮式钻头 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013029349A1 WO2013029349A1 PCT/CN2012/070829 CN2012070829W WO2013029349A1 WO 2013029349 A1 WO2013029349 A1 WO 2013029349A1 CN 2012070829 W CN2012070829 W CN 2012070829W WO 2013029349 A1 WO2013029349 A1 WO 2013029349A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bit
- cone
- wheel
- rock
- rotary cutting
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 31
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000887 face Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000008312 Tooth Loss Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical equipment field of oil and gas drilling engineering, mining, geological drilling, construction engineering, tunnel engineering, shield tunneling and non-excavation, and specifically relates to a wheel drill bit which breaks rock in a rotary cutting manner.
- the drill bit is a tool that directly contacts the rock during drilling and breaks the rock by cutting, stamping, etc.
- the drill bits widely used in modern drilling engineering mainly include roller cone bits (including single-cone bit, tri-cone bit) and PDC bit (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits).
- roller cone bits including single-cone bit, tri-cone bit
- PDC bit Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits
- both roller cone bits and PDC bits have reached a fairly high level, but there are still some insurmountable problems.
- the roller bearing bit of the sealed bearing, especially the PDC bit is damaged in advance;
- the second is that the movement of the rock at the center of the well is small, the function is insufficient, the center rock is not easily broken, and the mechanical drilling speed of the drill bit is affected.
- the center of the roller cone and the PDC bit are less prone to wear and are also the main cause of bit failure.
- the rock breaks in the form of impact crushing and breaking rock, and the rock is crushed by the teeth on the cone to form a caliper (see Figure 11). Since the compressive strength of rock is much greater than the shear and tensile strength, the tri-cone bit uses the impact of the tooth on the rock to break the rock, and the energy utilization rate is not high. Especially in the case of high drilling pressure such as deep well drilling, due to the high density of drilling fluid, the chip holding effect of the bottom of the well is obvious, and the bit teeth are difficult to eat into the rock and impact the broken rock, so the rock breaking efficiency is relatively low.
- the life of the tri-cone bit is one of the main factors that limit the service life of the drill bit.
- the bearing bears the load caused by the weight-on-bit, and the tri-cone bit breaks the rock in the form of impact.
- the bearing receives a large impact load and a high load amplitude.
- the speed-increasing effect of the tri-cone bit The ratio of the tri-cone bit body (the ratio of the floss speed to the bit speed during drilling) is greater than 1, that is, the floss speed is greater than the bit drilling speed when the bit is drilled, so the bearing speed is relatively high. Fast, resulting in shorter bearing life of the tri-cone bit.
- the cone of the double roller bit is arranged in the same way as the three cones, and the working faces of the cones (the curved faces of the teeth) are oppositely arranged, that is, they are all inward.
- the teeth on the cone are in less contact with the rock at the bottom of the wellbore, and the distance of the tooth slipping at the bottom of the well is smaller, the center is broken.
- the low rock efficiency affects the rate of penetration.
- the shape of the single-cone bit is different from that of the double-cone and tri-cone (approximately hemispherical), but is nearly spherical, and the working surface is covered with the entire spherical surface (the working faces of the double and tri-conical wheels are semi-circular surfaces) ).
- the rock is broken by the impact, rolling and scraping of the tooth on the ground.
- the direction of the scraping movement is different in all parts of the surface of the cone, that is, the trajectory of different rows of teeth in different directions at the bottom of the well. Make a longer distance slip to cut the formation and form a mesh-like bottom hole trajectory (see Figure 12).
- the single-cone bit is characterized by low speed of the cone, large bearing size and longer service life than the tri-cone bit, but It is a disadvantage that the single-cone bit can not be avoided:
- the full-eye structure of the single-cone bit determines that it is prone to repeated crushing during rock breaking, and it is difficult to remove chips.
- the wear resistance of the teeth is seriously insufficient. Once the teeth are blunt or broken, the mechanical drilling speed drops sharply.
- the PDC bit is broken in the form of rock, which is used more and more in drilling, geology and even construction projects, and the proportion used in drilling engineering is increasing. Under the ideal working conditions where the center line of the drill bit and the center line of the wellbore coincide, the movement path of each cutting tooth when the drill bit is drilled is a relatively fixed concentric annular band (see Figure 13). Due to their rock breaking mechanism and structural differences, PDC drills are suitable for higher drilling speeds and soft to medium hard formations. The main disadvantages are as follows:
- the rock breaking efficiency of the core is not high: The wear speed of the PDC teeth in different radial areas of the PDC bit is obviously different, the proportion of the rock in the outer shoulder is large, and the wear speed is fast. The PDC tooth contact in the heart is low in efficiency and wear is slow.
- the present invention is directed to the improvement of the roller bit, and proposes a wheel bit that breaks the rock in a rotary cutting manner, which solves the problem of low energy utilization rate, low rock breaking efficiency and bearing life of the existing double and tri-cone bit. Short, low drilling efficiency, and difficulty in chip removal and poor wear resistance of the single-toothed eye structure.
- the drill bit of the invention impacts, crushes and cuts the rock in a rotary cutting manner to realize rock breaking, and at the same time improves the structure of the drill bit bearing, and ensures the rock breaking efficiency and the service life of the drill bit.
- a wheel drill bit that breaks rock in a rotary cutting manner comprising a drill body (1), a cone (2), a cutting tooth (3) on a working surface of the cone, a cone (2) and a drill body (1)
- the roller journal constitutes a rotational connection, and is characterized in that: the angle between the upper journal surface of the main body (1) and the wheel body of the drill axis is 0° ⁇ ⁇ 90°, and the journal offset is
- D is the drill diameter
- Wheel angle and journal offset value ⁇ As shown in Figure 2, the cone face faces the well wall and the bottom of the well.
- the rotary cutting bit of the invention directs the cone to the shaft wall or the bottom of the well.
- the teeth in the cone ie, the large ring teeth
- Each ring of teeth can impact crushing the bottom of the well and the wall rock in a rotary cut manner, which is the core of the present invention.
- a rotary cut type analog drill bit was experimentally produced in September 2010, and was tested on a gantry.
- the bottom hole profile drilled by the rotary cutting simulator bit (see Figure 10) and the bottom hole profile drilled by the tri-cone bit and the PDC bit are completely Different.
- the fracture belts of the tri-cone bit and the PDC bit are concentric circles (see Figs. 11 and 13), and the fracture zone of the rotary-cut bit of the present invention is a daisy-like helix.
- the spiral line is dense and disappears at the well wall, which fully proves that each row of teeth on the cone can cut the bottom of the well and the wall of the well to form a caliper.
- the inner tooth breaking belt has a long spiral line, and the outer row tooth breaking belt has a short spiral line, so that the working load of the inner and outer teeth is relatively uniform.
- the broken belt of the spiral illustrates the rock breaking mechanism of the rotary cutting bit.
- Each row of teeth has both impact crushing and rock cutting.
- the rock breaking efficiency of the center is increased, thereby increasing the drilling speed of the drill bit.
- the increase in the journal offset value increases the radial slip and axial slip of the cutting teeth at the bottom of the well, that is, increases the total slip of the cutting teeth at the bottom of the well.
- the range of the wheel angle 15 ° ⁇ ⁇ 85 °
- the amount of wheel cutting teeth slipping at the bottom of the well and the well wall reduces the speed ratio of the wheel.
- the angle of the wheel body is set to 30°.
- Rotary cutting bit cone combinations include (but are not limited to) the following types:
- Double cone The working surface of the two cones faces outward, the angle range and offset value are both 0° ⁇ 90°, - ⁇ ⁇ S ⁇ ⁇
- the center of the offset direction is symmetrical.
- the inner teeth of the two cones ie the large ring teeth
- the inner teeth of the two cones are set to be not concentric at all times (cutting: the teeth are cut to the center of the wellbore, ie the outermost cutting teeth of the cone are at the bit axis position, or most The longitudinal position of the outer ring cutting teeth passes or exceeds the axis of the drill bit. It can be set as a non-cutting center (adjusting the distance of the edge of the large ring gear), or it can be set to infinitely close to the center of the two cones.
- the center of the rock mass is broken by the impact force of the drill bit and the internal stress of the rock mass (the center area of the wellbore without direct chipping is infinitely close to zero).
- Tri-cone The working surface of the tri-cone is facing outward, the angle range and offset value are both 0° ⁇ 90°, - ⁇ S ⁇ ⁇
- the center of the offset direction is symmetrical.
- the inner teeth of the tricone ie, the large teeth
- the inner teeth of the single cone ie, the large teeth
- the inner teeth of the single cone are set to be cut.
- the cutting teeth (3) are spoon-shaped teeth, wedge-shaped teeth, tapered ball teeth, spherical teeth, frustum teeth, cylindrical truncated teeth or pyramid teeth; the cutting teeth (3) are made of cemented carbide , polycrystalline diamond composite, thermally stable polycrystalline diamond, impregnated diamond, natural diamond, cubic boron nitride or ceramic, or contains cemented carbide, diamond and cubic boron nitride.
- the drill body (1) is a steel member, a steel group weldment or a sintered body of a steel body and a metal powder.
- the cone (2) The structure has a milling toothed cone, an inset cone or a sintered cone of steel and metal powder.
- the rock-breaking form of the rotary-cutting bit is impact, crushing and cutting, and the continuous cutting action makes the impact load of the drill bit small, load The amplitude is reduced.
- the rotary wheel body speed ratio (the ratio of the cone rotation speed to the drill speed) is less than 1, that is, the rotation speed of the cone is smaller than the drill speed when the drill bit is drilled, so the bearing rotation speed is relatively slow, and the vibration impact of the rotary cutting bit is reduced.
- the torsional vibration of the rotary cutting bit is reduced, the stick-slip at low speeds and the wellbore spiral at high speeds are reduced.
- the wheel body speed ratio is less than 1, the bearing life condition is improved, and the rotary cutting bit life is improved:
- the wheel body speed ratio of the rotary cutting bit is less than 1, and the journal size of the cone can be designed to be larger than the same size of the tricone bit. Larger, there is a clear advantage over roller cone bits in terms of journal strength and bit life.
- the resultant force generated by the bottom hole and the well wall against the drill bit pushes the cone to the journal plane, which is beneficial to improve the bearing sealing performance and improve the bearing life, based on the bearing life for the drill bit. The significance is to achieve an increase in the life of the rotary cutting bit.
- the teeth can be composite teeth: Wheel-type drills that can be broken by rotary cutting can use carbide cutting teeth, heat-stable polycrystalline diamond composite teeth (PDC), impregnated diamond cutting teeth, etc. as cutting teeth, teeth Both working life and cutting efficiency are superior to single-cone bit.
- PDC heat-stable polycrystalline diamond composite teeth
- the invention has the beneficial effects that the cutting teeth of the invention break rock in a rotary cutting manner, the center has high rock breaking efficiency, good diameter keeping effect, wear and tear, improved working condition of the bearing, high mechanical drilling speed and long service life of the drill bit.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a double-cone according to the present invention, comprising a drill body (1), a cone (2), a cutting tooth (3), an oil reservoir (4), and a nozzle (5).
- the drill body (1) includes a cone journal, a righting block, a high pressure mud passage and a connecting thread.
- the cone (2) of the present invention and the journal on the body (1) employ a bearing and sealing structure commonly used for a tri-cone bit.
- the multi-turn cutting teeth are arranged from the big end to the small end of the cone (2).
- Figure 2 shows the cutting principle and main design parameters of the present invention: wheel body angle, journal offset value s, drill diameter!
- FIG. 8 A schematic diagram of a toothed ring of a non-cutting part;
- the wheel drill bit that breaks the rock by rotary cutting including the drill body (1), the cone (2), the cutting teeth (3), and the oil reservoir (4), nozzle (5).
- the drill body (1) includes a roller journal, and may also have a righting block, a high pressure mud passage, and a connecting thread.
- the cone (2) and the main body (1) form a rotational connection with the upper cone journal, and the bearing and sealing structure commonly used for the tri-cone bit are used with the journal on the main body (1).
- the multi-turn cutting teeth are arranged from the big end to the small end of the cone (2).
- Main body (1) The angle between the upper cone journal plane and the drill axis (hereinafter referred to as the angle of the wheel body) is
- the neck offset is, D is the drill diameter.
- the materials used were Hongya Stone: 225x200xl50ww 3 , blue sandstone: 150 x 150 x lOOww 3 .
- the cuttings were collected, the difficulty of rock breaking and vibration were analyzed, the wear marks and directions of the cutting teeth were examined, and the cone and bit were calculated. Wheel speed ratio.
- Example 3 The cone is a
- the working face of the cone faces the wall between the well and the bottom of the well.
- the angle between the plane of the upper journal of the cone (1) and the axis of the drill bit is 0° ⁇ y9 ⁇ 90°.
- the offset of the journal is DD, the large circle of the cone Tooth cut heart.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2014111463/03A RU2585777C2 (ru) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-02-01 | Шарошечное долото для разрушения породы роторным бурением |
US14/240,739 US9828806B2 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-02-01 | Roller bit for rock breaking by rotary cutting |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201110248681.X | 2011-08-26 | ||
CN201110248681.XA CN102364031B (zh) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-08-26 | 一种以旋切方式破岩的轮式钻头 |
CN201110390021.5A CN102434105B (zh) | 2011-11-30 | 2011-11-30 | 具有旋切破岩功能的复合钻头 |
CN201110390021.5 | 2011-11-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013029349A1 true WO2013029349A1 (zh) | 2013-03-07 |
Family
ID=47755253
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2012/070807 WO2013029347A1 (zh) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-01-31 | 具有旋切破岩功能的复合钻头 |
PCT/CN2012/070829 WO2013029349A1 (zh) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-02-01 | 一种以旋切方式破岩的轮式钻头 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/CN2012/070807 WO2013029347A1 (zh) | 2011-08-26 | 2012-01-31 | 具有旋切破岩功能的复合钻头 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9828806B2 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2585777C2 (zh) |
WO (2) | WO2013029347A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9574405B2 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2017-02-21 | Smith International, Inc. | Hybrid disc bit with optimized PDC cutter placement |
US8672060B2 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2014-03-18 | Smith International, Inc. | High shear roller cone drill bits |
CN107386986A (zh) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-11-24 | 四川川石金刚石钻头有限公司 | 一种带滚轮式规径的pdc钻头 |
CN107575167A (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-12 | 兰州城市学院 | 一种非自洗复锥pdc牙轮复合钻头 |
CN108692903B (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2020-10-02 | 长江大学 | 用于微钻实验给微pdc钻头施加扭转冲击的实验装置 |
CN108625788B (zh) * | 2018-07-10 | 2023-05-26 | 西南石油大学 | 一种新型pdc、牙轮复合钻头 |
CN113405895B (zh) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-11-04 | 西南石油大学 | 一种用于刮切与冲击复合破岩试验的夹具 |
CN113255080A (zh) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-13 | 西南石油大学 | 一种基于精细控压钻井技术的复合钻头优选方法 |
CN113309521A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-27 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | 一种适用于硬岩的小口径矩形断面竖井开挖设备 |
CN114776226B (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-06-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 内外相异的pdc钻头及pdc钻头的制造方法 |
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US5064007A (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1991-11-12 | Norvic S.A. | Three disc drill bit |
RU2014422C1 (ru) * | 1991-04-30 | 1994-06-15 | Сургутское отделение Западно-Сибирского научно-исследовательского и проектно-конструкторского института технологии глубокого разведочного бурения | Буровое долото |
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WO2011084944A2 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-14 | Smith International, Inc. | High-shear roller cone and pdc hybrid bit |
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2012
- 2012-01-31 WO PCT/CN2012/070807 patent/WO2013029347A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2012-02-01 US US14/240,739 patent/US9828806B2/en active Active
- 2012-02-01 WO PCT/CN2012/070829 patent/WO2013029349A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2012-02-01 RU RU2014111463/03A patent/RU2585777C2/ru active
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US5064007A (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1991-11-12 | Norvic S.A. | Three disc drill bit |
RU2014422C1 (ru) * | 1991-04-30 | 1994-06-15 | Сургутское отделение Западно-Сибирского научно-исследовательского и проектно-конструкторского института технологии глубокого разведочного бурения | Буровое долото |
CH689948A5 (fr) * | 1994-03-24 | 2000-02-15 | Norvic Sa | Dispositif de forage d'un puits. |
CN1648403A (zh) * | 2004-01-27 | 2005-08-03 | 杨绍金 | 增效钻头 |
CN2906027Y (zh) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-05-30 | 江汉石油钻头股份有限公司 | 一种不等移轴距三牙轮钻头 |
US20080190666A1 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-14 | Smith International, Inc. | Gage insert |
CN101382045A (zh) * | 2008-07-30 | 2009-03-11 | 江汉石油钻头股份有限公司 | 一种用于水平井和硬地层井的三牙轮钻头 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013029347A1 (zh) | 2013-03-07 |
RU2585777C2 (ru) | 2016-06-10 |
US20140202773A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
US9828806B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
RU2014111463A (ru) | 2015-10-10 |
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