WO2013029280A1 - 液晶透镜及液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

液晶透镜及液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013029280A1
WO2013029280A1 PCT/CN2011/079338 CN2011079338W WO2013029280A1 WO 2013029280 A1 WO2013029280 A1 WO 2013029280A1 CN 2011079338 W CN2011079338 W CN 2011079338W WO 2013029280 A1 WO2013029280 A1 WO 2013029280A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
electrode
counter electrode
lens
curved surface
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PCT/CN2011/079338
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康志聪
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深圳市华星光电技术有限公司
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Priority to US13/263,890 priority Critical patent/US20130050606A1/en
Publication of WO2013029280A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013029280A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G02B30/28—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays involving active lenticular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/356—Image reproducers having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H04N13/359—Switching between monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/294—Variable focal length devices

Definitions

  • Liquid crystal lens and liquid crystal display device Liquid crystal lens and liquid crystal display device
  • the present invention relates to the field of lens and eye 3D display, and more particularly to a liquid crystal lens and a liquid helium display device.
  • the existing lenses are ordinary optical lenses, and their focal lengths are often fixed, which limits the application of the lens in many fields.
  • the 3D technology of the eye requires the left and right eyes of the panel.
  • the image signal is refracted to the corresponding left and right eye viewing position.
  • a layer of lenticular lens 12 such that the image plane of the display screen 11 is located on the focal plane of the lens, and the pixels of the image below each cylindrical lens 2 are divided into several sub-pixels, so that the lens can project each sub-pixel in different directions, so Looking at the display from different angles, the eyes see different sub-pixels, allowing the viewer to see the 3D image.
  • a common design is a grin lens that utilizes a change in refractive index gradient, as shown in Figure 2, through the self-focusing lens 10 (grin lens).
  • the sparsely dense structure is the same as the symmetric lens architecture hyperboloid, which, like a normal hyperbolic lens, forms the same focal length in front and rear.
  • the focal lengths of the lenticular lens and the self-focusing lens are not adjustable, and the liquid crystal display device using such a lens is difficult to switch between playing 2D images without using other external devices. Therefore, the existing lens can not meet the use of the 3D display field of the eye.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal lens having a gradient refractive index change and a liquid crystal display device which can perform 3D display and can be easily switched to 2D display.
  • a liquid crystal lens comprising: An opposite substrate provided with electrodes and an upper substrate provided with a counter electrode, wherein the electrodes and the counter electrode are insulated from each other to form an electric field;
  • liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate;
  • the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer is a parallel alignment type nematic liquid crystal;
  • the electrode on the lower substrate or the counter electrode of the upper substrate has a convex curved surface structure in which the distance between the electrode and the counter electrode is increased.
  • the convex curved surface structure is a curved surface whose center vertex is the center of symmetry.
  • the convex curved surface structure is a hemispherical structure.
  • the liquid crystal lens further includes a voltage adjusting device disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the voltage between the electrode and the counter electrode can be dynamically adjusted by the voltage adjusting device to dynamically adjust the focal length of the liquid crystal lens.
  • the electrode on the lower substrate or the counter electrode of the upper substrate has a plurality of convex curved structures having the same shape and arranged in parallel.
  • a plurality of focus points can be formed on one liquid crystal lens, similar to a lenticular lens used in the eye 3D.
  • the liquid crystal layer has a uniform thickness, and the liquid crystal layer is filled with an insulating layer between the protruding electrode or the counter electrode.
  • a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal lens disposed in front of the liquid crystal panel, wherein the liquid crystal lens comprises:
  • An opposite substrate provided with electrodes and an upper substrate provided with a counter electrode, wherein the electrodes and the counter electrode are insulated from each other to form an electric field;
  • liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate;
  • the liquid crystal is a parallel alignment type nematic liquid crystal;
  • the electrode on the lower substrate or the counter electrode of the upper substrate has a plurality of shapes and preferably the same, and the convex curved surface is a curved surface that is symmetrical with respect to the center of the apex thereof.
  • the convex curved surface structure is a hemispherical structure.
  • the liquid crystal lens further includes a voltage adjusting device disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the liquid crystal layer has a uniform thickness, and the liquid crystal layer is filled with an insulating layer between the protruding electrode or the counter electrode.
  • the electrode on the lower substrate or the counter electrode of the upper substrate has a convexity in which the distance between the electrode and the counter electrode is increased.
  • the curved surface structure, the gradient of the electric field is realized, and then the liquid crystal lens has a gradient-changing refractive index, so that the passing light is focused.
  • the liquid crystal lens is used in a liquid crystal display device, which can replace the existing grin lens or the lenticular lens to achieve a 3D display effect, and only needs to drop the voltage between the liquid crystal lens electrode and the counter electrode. Conveniently switch to 2D display mode.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a 3D display technology of a tree eye in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of characteristics of a self-focusing lens
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal lens according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the liquid crystal molecules at eight, B, and C in FIG. 3 being tilted at different angles in the XY plane or parallel to the XY plane by an electric field;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing that liquid crystal molecules are tilted at different angles under the action of an electric field according to an embodiment of the present invention, and incident directions of polarized light incident in the X direction or the Y direction are incident on the liquid crystal at an oblique incident angle with the XZ plane, and no gradient refractive index change occurs;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing that a liquid crystal molecule is tilted under the action of an electric field, and an incident direction is obliquely incident with the ZY plane; and a light having a polarization direction of the Y direction is incident on the liquid crystal, and a gradient refractive index changes.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal lens according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal lens of the present invention, as shown, the liquid crystal lens comprises an upper substrate 1 and a lower substrate 2 opposite to the upper substrate 1, between the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 2 is provided with a liquid crystal layer 3;
  • the inner side of the lower substrate 2 is provided with an electrode 4, and the inner side of the upper substrate 1 is also provided with a counter electrode 5 corresponding to the electrode 4, and the counter electrode 5 of the upper substrate 1 is insulated from the liquid crystal 3 by an insulating layer 6.
  • the insulating layer may use a non-conductive polymer material.
  • the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 3 is a parallel-oriented nematic LC.
  • the electric field acts.
  • the liquid crystal molecules lying down are tilted to cause a change in the refractive index thereof, and the magnitude of the refractive index is related to the angle at which they are poured. Therefore, as long as three different positions in the liquid crystal layer have different electric field strengths, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer will also Different angles of inclination occur, resulting in different refractive index profiles.
  • the electrode on the lower substrate or the counter electrode of the upper substrate has a convex curved surface structure which increases the distance between the electrode and the counter electrode, thereby realizing a gradient change of the electric field and realizing a gradient change of the refractive index of the liquid crystal lens, thereby The light that passes through forms a focus.
  • the liquid crystal is not flattened by the action of the electric field, and the liquid crystal lens has no change in the refractive index gradient, which is very convenient and quick.
  • the grin lens used in the eye 3D technology has a characteristic of a radial refractive index gradient, which can divide a pixel into a plurality of sub-pixels and project them in the left and right eyes of a person, respectively, in the brain. Form a 3D image.
  • the refractive index gradient of the self-focusing lens is constant, and its focal length is also constant. At the same time, due to its solid shape, it is difficult to switch the 2D and 3D of the liquid crystal display device.
  • the above liquid crystal lens utilizes the change of the refractive index of the liquid crystal in the electric field, and can be used in the field of 3D technology of the eye, simulating the grin lens, that is, using the change of the position of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal to achieve the refraction.
  • the effect of the rate gradient change realizes the display effect of the eye 3D.
  • liquid crystal lens used in a liquid crystal display device which can perform 3D display of the eye as an example.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a liquid crystal display device capable of performing a 3D display of a tree eye includes a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal lens disposed in front of the liquid crystal panel.
  • the structure of the liquid crystal lens of the first embodiment is as shown in FIG. 3, and the liquid crystal lens is on the upper substrate 1
  • the upper counter electrode 5 has a plurality of convex curved structures 9 of the same shape and arranged in parallel to increase the spacing between the electrodes and the counter electrodes.
  • the curved surface structure is symmetrical with respect to its apex and may have a hemispherical structure;
  • the upper substrate 1 has a recessed region having the same structure as the convex curved surface 9 corresponding to one surface of the counter electrode 5.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is uniform, and the insulating layer 6 is filled between the liquid crystal layer and the protruding counter electrode 5 to insulate the counter electrode 5 from the liquid crystal layer 3. It is because of the convex curved surface structure 9, that the electric field intensity formed by the counter electrode 5 and the electrode 4 has a gradient change.
  • the polarization direction of the incident light is parallel to a component on the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3 are tilted into the YZ plane by the electric field (the Y-axis in FIG. 3 is not drawn). 4 shows only the view after the liquid crystal molecules are tilted in the XY plane.
  • the electric field in the A region is the smallest because of the distance between the electrodes, so that the electric field intensity is the smallest, and the liquid crystal molecules 81 in the weak electric field region in the region do not substantially occur.
  • the electric field intensity in the B region is a little larger than that in the A region, and thus in the region
  • the liquid crystal molecules 82 in the middle electric field region are inclined (the liquid crystal molecules 82 in the electric field region of one of the B regions in the liquid crystal layer 3 are taken as an example, and other liquid crystal molecules in the B region are parallel to the liquid crystal molecules 82 in the middle electric field region); the electric field intensity in the C region is greater than In the B region, the liquid crystal molecules 83 in the strong electric field region in the region are also inclined and the inclination angle thereof is larger than the inclination angle of the liquid crystal molecules 82 in the B region (in the liquid crystal layer 3, the C region is one of the strong electric field regions.
  • Sub 83 as an example, other liquid crystal molecules in parallel to the C region and strong areas of the liquid crystal molecules 83). Therefore, in the space where the electric field intensity gradient changes, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3 are displaced from the A region to the C region in the electric field of the field strength gradient change, and thus the A region to the C region are formed. A change in the refractive index gradient is formed in the direction.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are tilted at different angles along the YZ plane or parallel to the YZ plane under the electric field (as shown in FIG. 5), when the light is obliquely incident from the incident direction and the XZ plane.
  • the angle of incidence, incident light has a single change in refractive index regardless of the direction of polarization in the X direction or in the Y direction.
  • the direction of the light is in the Y direction or in the Y direction, and the refractive index gradient changes.
  • the counter electrode 5 of the upper substrate 1 is designed to have a convex curved surface structure 9
  • an insulating layer is disposed between the counter electrode 6 and the liquid crystal layer 3 to insulate the counter electrode 5 from the liquid crystal 3
  • the lower substrate 2 and its electrode 4 is arranged in a plane
  • the liquid crystal layer 3 adopts a parallel orientation type nematic liquid crystal (Positive Nematic LC)
  • the liquid crystal molecules are lying flat when not subjected to an electric field
  • the electrode design of the lower substrate 2 makes the liquid crystal When the electric field acts, it falls in the YZ plane or parallel to the YZ plane.
  • the polarization direction of the incident light is parallel to the Y direction, or has a component in the Y direction, so as to form a refractive index gradient change such as a grin lens.
  • Light produces a focus effect in the X direction.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the structure of the liquid crystal lens of the second embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment.
  • the counter electrode 5 of the upper substrate 1 is designed to have a convex curved surface structure 9, and the insulating layer is disposed between the counter electrode 5 and the liquid crystal 3 to make a reverse
  • the electrode is insulated from the liquid crystal layer 3, the lower substrate 2 and the electrode 4 thereof are arranged in a plane, and the liquid crystal adopts a parallel orientation type nematic LC, and the liquid crystal molecules are lying flat when subjected to an electric field, when the incident light enters
  • the polarization direction of the incident light has a component parallel to the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal is tilted in the XZ plane or parallel to the XZ plane when subjected to an electric field. Then, when the light selected by the polarizing plate is incident, the polarization direction of the incident light is parallel to the X direction, or in the X direction.
  • a refractive index gradient change such as a grin lens, which causes the light to be focused in the Y direction.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the structure of the liquid crystal lens of the second embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment. Different from the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the curved structure 9 has a lower surface corresponding to the surface of the electrode 4 and has a convex shape. The curved structure 9 is also a recessed area of the same construction. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is uniform, and the insulating layer 6 is filled between the liquid crystal layer and the protruding electrode 4 to insulate the electrode 4 from the liquid crystal layer 3.
  • the upper substrate 1 and the counter electrode 5 thereon are arranged in a plane, and the liquid crystal adopts a parallel orientation type nematic liquid crystal (Positive Nematic LC), and the liquid crystal molecules are lying flat when subjected to an electric field, when the incident light enters the liquid crystal lens,
  • the polarization direction of the incident light is parallel to a plane in which the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are tilted under the action of the electric field and is parallel to a direction of the liquid crystal molecules when not tilted or has a component in the direction.
  • the counter electrode 5 of the upper substrate 1 the liquid crystal molecules are tilted in the YZ plane or parallel to the YZ plane when subjected to an electric field.
  • the polarization direction of the incident light is parallel to the Y direction, or has a component in the Y direction, so as to form a refractive index gradient change such as a grin lens. Let the light produce a focus effect in the X direction.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • the structure of the liquid crystal lens of the fourth embodiment is similar to that of the third embodiment.
  • the electrode 4 of the lower substrate 2 is designed to have a convex curved structure 9, and the insulating layer is disposed between the lower electrode 4 and the liquid crystal layer 3 such that the electrode 4 Insulated with the liquid crystal 3, the upper substrate 1 and the counter electrode 5 thereon are arranged in a plane, and the liquid crystal adopts a parallel orientation type nematic liquid crystal (Positive Nematic LC), and the liquid crystal molecules are lying flat when subjected to an electric field, when incident light When entering the liquid crystal lens, the polarization direction of the incident light is parallel to a component in the direction of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer.
  • Positive Nematic LC nematic liquid crystal
  • the liquid crystal molecules are tilted in the XZ plane or parallel to the XZ plane when subjected to an electric field by designing the counter electrode 5 of the upper substrate 1. Then, when the light selected by the polarizing plate is incident, the polarization direction of the incident light is parallel to the X direction, or is divided in the X direction. In order to form a refractive index gradient change such as a grin lens, the light is allowed to focus in the Y direction.
  • the electrode or the counter electrode on the liquid crystal lens has a plurality of juxtaposed gradation convex curved structures, and the distance between the columns and the columns is equal, like the lenticular lens used in the conventional 3D display device.
  • the electrode or the counter electrode on the liquid crystal lens can also be divided into multiple rows. If the liquid crystal lens is large, it can be divided into rows and columns.
  • the liquid crystal lens further includes a voltage adjusting device (not shown) disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode, and the voltage between the electrode and the counter electrode can be dynamically adjusted by the voltage adjusting device to dynamically adjust the focal length of the liquid crystal lens. the goal of.
  • the liquid crystal lens can be used for a liquid crystal display, that is, the liquid crystal lens is disposed on the image plane of the liquid crystal panel, thereby replacing the lenticular lens or the grin lens used in the existing 3D display device, so that the liquid crystal display can be played. 3D image.
  • the 3D display device using the liquid crystal lens can also perform 2D video playback, and when the 2D video image is played without playing the 3D video image, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal lens electrode can be canceled, so that the liquid crystal molecules do not fall.
  • the liquid crystal lens is prevented from forming a gradient-changing refractive index, that is, like ordinary light-transmitting glass.
  • the liquid crystal lens can also be used in other fields as long as the convex curved structure is adaptively designed. For example, the optical lens in the camera can be replaced, and the focal length can be changed by voltage adjustment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
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Abstract

一种液晶透镜及液晶显示装置。所述的液晶透镜包括：相互对置的设有电极（4）的下层基板（2）和设有反电极（5）的上层基板（1）以及设在所述下层基板（2）和上层基板（1）之间的液晶层（3）。所述电极（4）与反电极（5）之间相互绝缘以形成电场；所述液晶层（3）的液晶为平行取向型向列液晶；所述下层基板（2）上的电极（4）或上层基板（1）的反电极（5）具有使电极（4）与反电极（5）之间间距变大的凸出的曲面结构（9）。由于该液晶透镜具有使电极（4）或反电极（5）有间距变大的凸起的曲面结构（9），因而作用于液晶层（3）的电场形成梯度变化的场强，使液晶层折射率梯度变化，并应用于液晶显示器中达到3D显示的效果。

Description

液晶透镜及液晶显示装置
【技术领域】
本发明涉及透镜及棵眼 3D显示领域， 更具体的说， 涉及一种液晶透镜及液 曰曰显示装置。
【背景技术】
现有的透镜都是普通的光学透镜， 其焦距往往都是固定的， 这使得透镜在 很多领域的应用受到限制， 以棵眼 3D显示领域为例， 棵眼 3D技术需要将面板 上左右眼的图像讯号折射到对应的左右眼观看位置， 常见的是用柱状透镜 ( lenticular lens )对光的路径进行折射率匹配设计， 如图 1中所示， 它的原理是 在显示屏 11的前面加上一层柱状透镜 12, 使显示屏 11的像平面位于透镜的焦 平面上， 每个柱透镜 2 下面的图像的像素被分成几个子像素， 这样透镜就能以 不同的方向投影每个子像素， 于是双眼从不同的角度观看显示屏， 就看到不同 的子像素， 使观者看到 3D影像。
除了柱状透镜技术（lenticular lens ) 的设计外， 还有一种常见的设计是利 用折射率梯度变化的自聚焦透镜（grin lens ), 如图 2所示， 光通过自聚焦透镜 10 ( grin lens )的疏密疏架构同对称 lens架构双曲面， 与普通的双曲面透镜一样 会在前后形成相同焦距的聚焦。 但是， 柱状透镜及自聚焦透镜的焦距都是不可 调的， 同时使用这种透镜的液晶显示装置如果不借助其他外加装置， 很难实现 播放 2D影像的切换。 因此现有的透镜在一定程度上已不能满足棵眼 3D显示领 域的使用。
【发明内容】
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有梯度折射率变化的液晶透镜 及可进行 3D显示并可方便的切换成 2D显示的液晶显示装置。
本发明液晶透镜是通过以下技术方案来实现的： 一种液晶透镜， 包括： 相 互对置的设有电极的下层基板和设有反电极的上层基板， 所述电极与反电极之 间相互绝缘以形成电场；
以及设在所述下层基板和上层基板之间的液晶层； 所述液晶层的液晶为平 行取向型向列液晶；
所述下层基板上的电极或上层基板的反电极具有使电极与反电极之间间 距变大的凸出的曲面结构。
所述凸出的曲面结构为以其中央顶点为对称中心的曲面。
所述凸出曲面结构为半球面结构。
所述的液晶透镜还包括设置在电极与反电极之间的电压调节装置。 通过电 压调节装置， 可动态调整电极与反电极之间的电压， 达到动态调整液晶透镜焦 距的目的。
所述的下层基板上的电极或上层基板的反电极上具有多个形状相同的且 并行排列的凸出的曲面结构。 在一个液晶透镜上可形成多个聚焦点， 类似于使 用在棵眼 3D中的柱状透镜。
所述的液晶层的厚度均匀 , 所述液晶层与凸出的电极或反电极之间填充有 绝缘层。
本发明一种液晶显示装置的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的： 一种液晶 显示装置， 包括液晶面板及设置在液晶面板前的液晶透镜， 所述的液晶透镜包 括：
相互对置的设有电极的下层基板和设有反电极的上层基板， 所述电极与反 电极之间相互绝缘以形成电场；
以及设在所述下层基板和上层基板之间的液晶层； 所述液晶为平行取向型 向列液晶；
所述的下层基板上的电极或上层基板的反电极上具有多个形状相同的且 优选的， 所述凸出的曲面结构为相对于其顶点中心对称的曲面。 所述凸出曲面结构为半球面结构。
所述的液晶透镜还包括设置在电极与反电极之间的电压调节装置。
所述的液晶层的厚度均匀 , 所述液晶层与凸出的电极或反电极之间填充有 绝缘层。
本发明由于利用平行取向型向列液晶在梯度变化的电场中液晶分子倾倒 角度不一样， 通过下层基板上的电极或上层基板的反电极设计具有使电极与反 电极之间间距变大的凸出的曲面结构， 实现电场的梯度变化， 继而使液晶透镜 具有梯度变化的折射率， 从而使穿过的光线形成聚焦。 将该液晶透镜用于液晶 显示装置中， 它可以代替现有的自聚焦透镜（grin lens )或是柱状透镜达到 3D 显示效果， 并且只需 掉液晶透镜电极与反电极之间的电压， 即可方便的切换 成 2D显示模式。
【附图说明】
图 1是现有技术中棵眼 3D显示技术的光路示意图；
图 2是自聚焦透镜的特性示意图；
图 3是本发明第一种实施例液晶透镜的截面图；
图 4是图 3中八、 B、 C三处的液晶分子在电场作用下在 XY平面或平行于 XY平面发生不同角度倾倒的示意图；
图 5是本发明实施例液晶分子在电场作用下发生不同角度的倾倒， X方向 或 Y方向偏振光线入射方向与 XZ平面成倾斜入射夹角入射到液晶中， 不发生 梯度折射率变化的示意图；
图 6是本发明实施例液晶分子在电场作用下发生倾倒，入射方向与 ZY平面 成倾斜入射夹角且偏振方向为 Y方向的光线入射到液晶中， 发生梯度折射率变 化的示意图；
图 7是本发明另一种实施例的液晶透镜的截面图。
其中： 1、 上层基板， 2、 下层基板， 3、 液晶层， 4、 电极， 5、 反电极， 6、 绝缘层， 81~83、 液晶分子， 9、 凸出曲面结构， 10、 自聚焦透镜， 11、 液晶显 示屏， 12、 柱状透镜。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图和较佳的实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图 3是本发明液晶透镜的截面视图， 如图所示， 液晶透镜包括上层基板 1和 与上层基板 1相对设置的下层基板 2,在上层基板 1和下层基板 2之间设置有液 晶层 3; 下层基板 2的内侧设置有电极 4, 而上层基板 1的内侧也设置有与电极 4相对应的反电极 5 , 上层基板 1的反电极 5通过一绝缘层 6使得反电极 5与液 晶 3绝缘， 该绝缘层可以使用不导电的聚合物材料。
在本发明实施例中， 液晶层 3 内的液晶为平行取向型向列液晶 （Positive Nematic LC ), 当对液晶透镜上的电极（即电极 4和反电极 5 )施加电压时， 在 电场的作用下平躺的液晶分子发生倾倒从而导致其折射率改变， 其折射率的大 小与其倾倒的角度有关， 因而只要使液晶层中 3不同位置具有不同的电场强度， 则液晶层中的液晶分子也就会出现不同角度的倾斜， 从而导致不同的折射率分 布。 因此， 下层基板上的电极或上层基板的反电极具有使电极与反电极之间间 距变大的凸出的曲面结构， 即可实现电场的梯度变化， 实现液晶透镜折射率的 梯度变化， 从而使穿过的光线形成聚焦。 而当取消上层基板 1上的反电极 5及 下层基板 2的电极 4上的电压时， 液晶不受电场的作用而躺平， 液晶透镜即不 再具有折射率梯度变化， 非常方便快捷。
棵眼 3D技术中所使用的自聚焦透镜（ grin lens )具有径向折射率梯度变化的 特性， 它可以将像素分成多个子像素并分别投射的人的左眼和右眼中， 使人在 大脑中形成 3D的影像。但自聚焦透镜的折射率梯度变化一定，其焦距也就一定， 同时因其固态形状， 不易对液晶显示装置进行 2D和 3D的切换。 因此上述液晶 透镜利用液晶在电场中折射率的变化， 可用在棵眼 3D技术领域， 对自聚焦透镜 ( grin lens ) 的进行模拟， 也就是使用液晶内液晶分子自身位置的变化达到折射 率梯度变化的效果， 实现棵眼 3D的显示效果。
下面以可进行棵眼 3D显示的液晶显示装置中所使用的液晶透镜为例进行液 晶透镜的结构论述。
实施例一：
可进行棵眼 3D显示的液晶显示装置包括有液晶面板及设置在液晶面板前的 液晶透镜， 所述的液晶透镜第一种实施例的结构如图 3 所示， 所述液晶透镜在 上层基板 1上的反电极 5具有多个形状相同的且并行排列的、 使电极与反电极 之间间距变大的凸出的曲面结构 9, 该曲面结构相对于其顶点对称， 可呈半球面 结构； 相应的， 所述的上层基板 1对应于所述反电极 5的一面具有与凸出的曲 面结构 9 同样构造的凹陷区域。 所述的液晶层的厚度均匀， 所述液晶层与凸出 的反电极 5之间填充有绝缘层 6, 使得反电极 5与液晶层 3绝缘。正是由于该凸 出曲面结构 9,使得反电极 5与电极 4所形成的电场强度具有梯度的变化。 当入 射光进入液晶透镜时， 所述入射光的偏振方向平行于所述液晶层内的液晶分子 上有分量。
如图 3及图 4所示， 通过对所述的下层基板 2的 ITO电极的设计， 使液晶在 电场作用下液晶层 3内的液晶分子向 YZ平面内倾倒（图 3中 Y轴没有画出， 图 4仅示出了 XY平面内液晶分子倾倒后的视图）， A区域的电场因为电极之间的 距离最大， 因而其电场强度最小， 在该区域内的弱电场区液晶分子 81基本不发 生倾斜（以液晶层 3中 A区域其中一个液晶分子 81为例， A区域内其它液晶分 子平行于该弱电场区液晶分子 81 ); B区域的电场强度较 A区域大一点， 因而在 该区域内中电场区液晶分子 82发生倾斜（以液晶层 3中 B区域其中一个中电场 区液晶分子 82为例， B区域内其它液晶分子平行于该中电场区液晶分子 82 ); C 区域的电场强度大于 B区域，所以该区域中的强电场区液晶分子 83也发生倾斜 并且其倾斜角度大于 B区域液晶分子 82倾斜的角度（以液晶层 3中 C区域其中 一个强电场区液晶分子 83为例， C区域内其它液晶分子平行于该强区液晶分子 83 )。 因此， 在该电场强度梯度变化的空间内， 液晶层 3内的液晶分子从 A区域 到 C区域在场强梯度变化的电场内产生了倾倒角度梯度变化的排布， 于是在 A 区域到 C区域的方向上就形成了折射率梯度变化。
以图 3所示的液晶透镜为例， 液晶分子在电场作用下沿 YZ平面或是平行于 YZ平面发生不同角度的倾倒（如图 5所示）， 当光由入射方向与 XZ平面成倾斜 入射夹角， 入射光不管偏振方向沿 X方向或沿 Y方向， 都只有单一的折射率变 化。 如图 6所示， 当光是由入射方向与 ZY平面成倾斜入射夹角入射时， 光的偏 阵方向为 Y方向或是在 Y方向上有分量， 才会有折射率梯度变化。
具体的， 如图 3所示， 若上层基板 1的反电极 5设计成具有凸出曲面结构 9, 绝缘层设置在反电极 6与液晶层 3之间使得反电极 5与液晶 3绝缘，下层基板 2 及其电极 4为平面设置， 液晶层 3采用平行取向型向列液晶 （Positive Nematic LC ), 液晶分子在不受电场的作用时是躺平的， 下层基板 2的电极设计方式使液 晶在受电场作用时在 YZ平面或平行于 YZ平面倾倒。 当经过偏振片选择后的光 线入射时， 该入射光线的偏振方向平行于 Y方向， 或是在 Y方向上有分量， 才 能形成如自聚焦透镜（ grin lens )所具有的折射率梯度变化， 让光线在 X方向上 产生聚焦的效果。
实施例二：
实施例二的液晶透镜的结构与实施例一类似， 如图 3所示， 上层基板 1的反 电极 5设计成具有凸出曲面结构 9,绝缘层设置在反电极 5与液晶 3之间使得反 电极与液晶层 3绝缘， 下层基板 2及其电极 4为平面设置， 液晶采用平行取向 型向列液晶（Positive Nematic LC ), 液晶分子在不受电场的作用时是躺平的， 当 入射光进入液晶透镜时， 所述入射光的偏振方向平行于所述液晶层内的液晶分 向上有分量。 与实施例一不同的是， 通过对所述的下层基板 2的 ITO电极的设 计， 使液晶在受电场作用时在 XZ平面或平行于 XZ平面倾倒。 则当经过偏振片 选择后的光线入射时， 该入射光线的偏振方向平行于 X方向, 或是在 X方向上 有分量， 才能形成如自聚焦透镜（grin lens )所具有的折射率梯度变化， 让光线 在 Y方向上产生聚焦的效果。
实施例三：
实施例二的液晶透镜的结构与实施例一类似， 与实施例一不同的是， 如图 7 曲面结构 9,相应的， 所述的下层基板 2对应于所述电极 4的一面具有与凸出的 曲面结构 9 同样构造的凹陷区域。 所述的液晶层的厚度均匀， 所述液晶层与凸 出的电极 4之间填充有绝缘层 6, 使得电极 4与液晶层 3绝缘。 上层基板 1及其 上的反电极 5为平面设置，液晶采用平行取向型向列液晶（ Positive Nematic LC ), 液晶分子在不受电场的作用时是躺平的， 当入射光进入液晶透镜时， 所述入射 光的偏振方向平行于所述液晶层内的液晶分子在所述电场作用下倾倒的平面且 平行于未倾倒时液晶分子的方向或是在该方向上有分量。 通过对上层基板 1 的 反电极 5的设计使液晶分子在受电场作用时在 YZ平面或平行于 YZ平面倾倒。 则当经过偏振片选择后的光线入射时， 该入射光线的偏振方向平行于 Y方向， 或是在 Y方向上有分量， 才能形成如自聚焦透镜（grin lens )所具有的折射率梯 度变化， 让光线在 X方向上产生聚焦的效果。
实施例四：
实施例四的液晶透镜的结构与实施例三类似， 如图 7所示， 下层基板 2的电 极 4设计成具有凸出曲面结构 9,绝缘层设置在下电极 4与液晶层 3之间使得电 极 4与液晶 3绝缘， 上层基板 1及其上的反电极 5为平面设置， 液晶采用平行 取向型向列液晶（ Positive Nematic LC ) ,液晶分子在不受电场的作用时是躺平的， 当入射光进入液晶透镜时， 所述入射光的偏振方向平行于所述液晶层内的液晶 方向上有分量。 与实施例三不同的是， 通过对上层基板 1的反电极 5设计使液 晶分子在受电场作用时在 XZ平面或平行于 XZ平面倾倒。则当经过偏振片选择 后的光线入射时， 该入射光线的偏振方向平行于 X方向， 或是在 X方向上有分 量， 才能形成如自聚焦透镜（grin lens )所具有的折射率梯度变化， 让光线在 Y 方向上产生聚焦的效果。
在本发明中， 所述的液晶透镜上的电极或反电极具有多个并列的渐变凸起曲 面结构，列与列之间的距离相等，有如现有的 3D显示装置中所使用的柱状透镜。 当然， 此外还可以将其分成多排的， 若液晶透镜较大， 还可以分成多排多列的。
因为液晶分子的倾斜角度与电场的强度有关， 因此， 对液晶透镜上的电极施 加不同的电压， 则可以得到不同的梯度变化的折射率， 即可以对其进行调整焦 距。 所述的液晶透镜还包括设置在电极与反电极之间的电压调节装置 （图中未 示出）， 通过电压调节装置， 可动态调整电极与反电极之间的电压， 达到动态调 整液晶透镜焦距的目的。
该液晶透镜可以用于液晶显示器， 即将该液晶透镜设置于液晶面板的像平面 上，从而取代现有的 3D显示装置所使用的柱状透镜或是自聚焦透镜（ grin lens ), 使得液晶显示器可以播放 3D影像。 同时， 使用该液晶透镜的 3D显示装置还可 以进行 2D影像播放， 当不需要播放 3D影像而进行 2D影像的播放时， 可以取 消施加在液晶透镜电极上的电压， 从而液晶分子不会发生倾倒， 使得液晶透镜 不会形成梯度变化的折射率， 即与普通透光玻璃一样。 所述液晶透镜也可以用 于其它的领域， 只要对其凸出的曲面结构进行适应性设计即可， 如可取代照相 机内的光学透镜， 通过电压调节即可实现焦距的变化。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明， 不能 认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。 对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技 术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下， 还可以做出若干筒单推演或替换， 都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种液晶透镜， 包括：
相互对置的设有电极的下层基板和设有反电极的上层基板， 所述电极与反 电极之间相互绝缘以形成电场；
以及设在所述下层基板和上层基板之间的液晶层； 所述液晶层的液晶为平 行取向型向列液晶；
所述下层基板上的电极或上层基板的反电极具有使电极与反电极之间间距 变大的凸出的曲面结构。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的一种液晶透镜， 其特征在于， 所述凸出的曲面结构 为以其中央顶点为对称中心的曲面。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的一种液晶透镜， 其特征在于， 所述凸出曲面结构为 半球面结构。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的一种液晶透镜， 其特征在于， 所述的液晶透镜还包 括设置在电极与反电极之间的电压调节装置。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的一种液晶透镜， 其特征在于， 所述的下层基板上的 电极或上层基板的反电极上具有多个形状相同的且并行排列的凸出的曲面结 构。
6、 如权利要求 2所述的一种液晶透镜， 其特征在于， 所述的下层基板上的 电极或上层基板的反电极上具有多个形状相同的且并行排列的凸出的曲面结 构。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的一种液晶透镜， 其特征在于， 所述的液晶层的厚度 均匀， 所述液晶层与凸出的电极或反电极之间填充有绝缘层。
8、 一种液晶显示装置， 包括： 液晶面板及设置在液晶面板前的液晶透镜， 所述的透镜包括：
相互对置的设有电极的下层基板和设有反电极的上层基板， 所述电极与反 电极之间相互绝缘以形成电场；
以及设在所述下层基板和上层基板之间的液晶层； 所述液晶为平行取向型 向列液晶；
所述的下层基板上的电极或上层基板的反电极上具有多个形状相同的且并
9、 如权利要求 8所述的一种液晶显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述凸出的曲面 结构为相对于其顶点中心对称的曲面。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的一种液晶显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述凸出曲面 结构为半球面结构。
11、 如权利要求 8所述的一种液晶显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述的液晶透 镜还包括设置在电极与反电极之间的电压调节装置。
12、 如权利要求 8所述的一种液晶显示装置， 其特征在于， 所述的液晶层
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CN109799631A (zh) * 2019-03-15 2019-05-24 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种液晶透镜及其制作方法、显示装置
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