WO2013018826A1 - 太陽光発電システム - Google Patents
太陽光発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018826A1 WO2013018826A1 PCT/JP2012/069574 JP2012069574W WO2013018826A1 WO 2013018826 A1 WO2013018826 A1 WO 2013018826A1 JP 2012069574 W JP2012069574 W JP 2012069574W WO 2013018826 A1 WO2013018826 A1 WO 2013018826A1
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar power generation system that converts to alternating current using a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) converter or the like in order to efficiently charge a secondary battery from a solar battery or connect to a power system.
- the present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system having a maximum power point tracking function for controlling so that maximum power can be extracted from individual solar cell panels connected in series and in parallel, the output power of which changes every moment depending on the amount of solar radiation), temperature, and the like.
- Solar cell which is a power generation element of a solar cell, has been put into practical use, such as crystalline silicon solar cell, amorphous silicon solar cell, compound semiconductor solar cell, and organic semiconductor solar cell.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical characteristic example of a current (I) -voltage (V) characteristic curve of a solar cell panel.
- the actual operating point P (operating current I op ⁇ operating voltage V op ) of the solar cell panel is set to the maximum power point P max (optimum operating current I pm ) as much as possible.
- X It is important to operate at the optimum operating voltage V pm ).
- MPPT maximum power point tracking
- Many controls have been adopted, and many proposals have been made on the method.
- the output power characteristics of the solar cell panel vary depending on environmental conditions such as weather (amount of solar radiation) and temperature. That is, the value of the output voltage and the output current when the output power becomes maximum varies depending on the environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to use the solar cell array most effectively, an MPPT function for controlling the output voltage or output current of the panel so as to always output the maximum power is required.
- a voltage source such as a secondary battery
- the output voltage will change by up to about 20% between the panels.
- the voltage of the voltage source such as a secondary battery becomes parallel. You can only operate with the lowest panel voltage among the connected panels. In that case, there is a problem that a part of the power of the panel having a higher voltage is discarded without giving out all the power.
- an MPPT conversion module power converter having a flyback booster circuit individually for each panel without searching for the maximum power point by collecting all the powers of the panel array.
- FIG. This functions in the direction of increasing the voltage, and can be used to increase the voltage by reducing the current when the panel has a large current generation capability.
- the disadvantages and advantages of this method are as follows. (1) A system that converts and boosts the total power. (2) Even if the voltage can be increased, the current cannot be increased. When each panel is connected in series, as described above, it must be matched with the panel having a smaller output current, and thus it is not suitable for an array of series connection. However, there is no problem with parallel connection.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation system in which power loss due to power conversion is minimized while performing MPPT control for each panel. It is in.
- the present invention relates to a string configured by connecting a plurality of panels in parallel, and a photovoltaic power generation system that converts DC power generated in the panel by a power converter connected to the string and supplies the converted load to a load.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a voltage detection means for detecting the voltage value generated in each panel and a power detection means for detecting the amount of power generated in each panel for each panel.
- the power supplementing means connected in series to the panel, and a maximum power point tracking control means for controlling the value of the voltage supplemented by the power supplementing means, the power supplementing means comprising: a power supplementing DC power source; A replenishing power adjusting means for adjusting a replenishing voltage; and a power measuring means for measuring the amount of replenished power, wherein the maximum power point tracking control means is configured to connect each panel to each panel.
- the present invention provides a photovoltaic power generation that converts a string formed by connecting a plurality of panels in series and a DC power generated by the panel by a power converter connected to the string and supplies the load to a load.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a voltage detection means for detecting the voltage value generated in each panel and a power detection means for detecting the amount of power generated in each panel for each panel.
- a power supplement means connected in parallel to the panel, and a maximum power point tracking control means for controlling the value of the current supplemented by the power supplement means, wherein the power supplement means is a DC for power supplement.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a net output power W net which is a difference between the power amount W1 at the maximum power point and the supplementary power amount W2 measured by the power measuring unit. Is achieved by controlling the voltage of each panel by controlling the replenishing power adjusting means by feedback control so that is maximized.
- the above object of the present invention is to provide a DC / DC for generating a low voltage by using a part of the current generated by the panel instead of the direct current power supply for power supplement, and using the supplementary power adjusting means connected in series. It is also achieved by a bootstrap circuit that lifts itself by using a part of the generated current by a down-converter circuit and maintaining the voltage of the panel by feedback control so that it always becomes the maximum power point voltage.
- the object of the present invention is that the maximum power point tracking control means controls the supplementary power adjusting means to continuously change the voltage of the panel, and the output power W1 from the panel and the power measuring means. detecting a net output power W net Non becomes the maximum voltage which is the difference between the replenishment amount of power W2 tHAT measured as a voltage V max of the maximum power point, determined also achieved by having a function of storing.
- the above-mentioned object of the present invention is that the maximum power point tracking control means scans the supplementary power amount W2 in a time-division sequence for each panel, and the power amount W1 generated in the panel and the supplementary power at that time. Storing the voltage V max of the panel at which the net output power W net, which is the difference from the amount W 2, is maximum, and controlling the voltage V max to be maintained until the next scanning of the panel. Is also achieved.
- the above object of the present invention is to convert any one of the above strings, or a solar cell array formed by connecting the strings in series or in parallel, and DC power output from the string or the solar cell array.
- a power conditioner for supplying power to the load wherein the power conditioner has a maximum power point tracking function, and the maximum power point tracking control means is provided in the string or the solar power system. Complementing the power reduction caused by not performing the power replenishment operation and not performing the power replenishment operation on one or a plurality of solar cell panels in the battery array by the maximum power point tracking function of the power conditioner. This is achieved by avoiding competition between the two.
- the photovoltaic power generation system in parallel connection, power is obtained without waste if the output voltage of each panel is supplemented and all output voltages are made uniform. In series connection, individual panels are insufficient. If the current is supplemented and all output currents are made uniform, the maximum power can be obtained without waste.
- the DC power supply for power supplementation is provided as a separate power source, even when the amount of solar radiation (light quantity) changes suddenly and the generated power becomes weak, the supplementary power source is stable. Can supply.
- the photovoltaic power generation system since only the insufficient current or voltage is replenished, it is not necessary to convert the total power. Therefore, the loss due to the efficiency of the power converter can be minimized.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing a general example of a current (I) -voltage (V) characteristic curve of a solar cell panel. It is a characteristic diagram which shows the difference of the characteristic curve by the difference in environmental conditions, (A) shows the relationship between the output current and voltage by the difference in panel temperature, (B) shows the relationship between the output current and voltage by the difference in light quantity. ing. It is a wiring diagram which shows an example using the MPPT conversion module (power converter) which has the conventional flyback booster circuit. It is a block block diagram which shows 1st Embodiment (voltage supplement type) of the solar energy power generation system which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of an electric power supplement means.
- the present invention is completely different from the conventional way of thinking, and replenishes only the power (current or voltage) reduced by the change in environmental conditions from another power source.
- the advantage of the power replenishment type as in the present invention is that if all the panel conditions (environmental conditions) are the same and there is no difference in voltage or current at the maximum power point, no voltage or current to be replenished is required. This means that no power loss occurs. This is because when a small number of panels deviate from a large number of other panels, only that panel needs to be replenished with a voltage in parallel connection and a current in a series connection.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention. That is, a plurality of panels 1 are connected in parallel to form a string, and power supplement means 4 is inserted in series between the output side (minus side) and ground (common) of each panel 1. The input side (plus side) of each panel 1 is connected to the plus side of a load 6 such as a secondary power source or an interconnected power source.
- a load 6 such as a secondary power source or an interconnected power source.
- a voltage detection means 2 for detecting the operating voltage (V) of each panel 1 and a power detection means 3 for detecting the amount of power (W1) output from the panel 1 are provided for each panel 1.
- a current detection unit may be provided instead of the power detection unit 3. This is because the electric power can be obtained by (voltage ⁇ current).
- MPPT control means 5 maximum power point tracking control means 5 is provided, and replenishment is performed based on the detected voltage V of panel 1, power amount W1, and replenishment power amount W2 described later. The voltage is controlled.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the power replenishing means 4.
- the power replenishing means 4 includes a DC power supply 41 for power replenishment, a replenishing power adjusting means 42 for adjusting power to be replenished, and the panel 1.
- Power measuring means 43 for measuring the amount of power (W2) supplemented in series with the power.
- the power supply DC power supply 41 may be provided for each panel 1, but as shown in FIG. 6, one (common) is used for each string or for the entire solar cell array configured by connecting strings in series and parallel. It may be provided. In this case, input-side insulation or output-side insulation is performed as necessary to avoid grounding problems.
- a DC / DC up or down converter can be used as the supplementary power adjusting means 42.
- a power conditioner that is a device that converts the generated electricity so that it can be used in an environment such as a home may be connected.
- the maximum voltage at the maximum power point is defined as V max . Since the other panel voltages (V k ) are smaller than the maximum voltage value V max , the voltage of this string is the voltage at the maximum power point unless the difference voltage is supplemented by the power supplement means 4. Is driven with the minimum panel voltage.
- the voltage is replenished by feedback control.
- the electric energy W net is maximized, the voltage of the panel 1 becomes the voltage V k at the maximum electric power point (the electric energy W1 k is maximum at this time), and the replenished voltage is consequently (V max ⁇ V k ) (at this time, the electric energy W2 k is minimum), and only the difference voltage is replenished.
- the supplementary power adjusting means 42 in the power supplementing means 4 performs feedback control of supplementary power.
- the method may be, for example, controlling the voltage by triangular wave comparison PWM or PDM (Pulse for controlling the pulse frequency (density). Control by Density Modulation) or any other method is possible.
- PWM pulse frequency
- PDM Pulse for controlling the pulse frequency (density). Control by Density Modulation
- the advantage of controlling the panel voltage by feedback control is that the panel voltage does not fluctuate even if the voltage of the secondary battery or other interconnected power supply fluctuates. In the case where the secondary battery is a lithium ion battery, the fluctuation on the power source side due to the fluctuation of the load is larger, for example, the voltage increases when charged, but the present invention is not easily affected by this.
- the replenishment power adjusting means 42 is connected to the low voltage.
- a so-called bootstrap circuit (a circuit that raises its own output voltage with its own power) by a DC / DC down-converter circuit that generates power, and feedback control so that the voltage of the panel 1 always becomes the maximum power point voltage. You may make it maintain.
- the DC / DC up or down converter as the supplementary power adjusting unit 42 of the power supplementing unit 4 is of a type that outputs power via the transformer insulation, the voltage is added anywhere in the series connection with the panel 1. However, since the same effect is obtained, it is possible to insert the power supplement means 5 at a place away from the ground, and there is a degree of design freedom.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention. That is, a plurality of panels 1 are connected in series to form a string, and power supplement means 4 is inserted in parallel between the output side (minus side) and ground (common) of each panel 1. The input side (plus side) of each panel 1 is connected to a load 6 such as a secondary power source or an interconnected power source.
- a load 6 such as a secondary power source or an interconnected power source.
- a voltage detection means 2 for detecting the operating voltage (V) of each panel 1 and a power detection means 3 for detecting the amount of power (W1) output from the panel 1 are provided for each panel 1.
- MPPT control means 5 is provided to control the replenishment current based on the detected panel voltage V, power amount W1 and replenishment power amount W2.
- the one having the maximum current at the maximum power point is defined as I max . Since the current (I k ) of the other panel 1 is smaller than the maximum current value I max , the current of this string is at the maximum power point unless the power supplement means 4 supplements the difference current. The current is driven by the minimum panel current.
- the MPPT control means 5 feedback-controls the replenishment power adjustment means 42 so that the difference between the detected power amount W1 k and the power amount W2 k , that is, the net output power Wnet is maximized. Replenish.
- the voltage of the panel 1 becomes the voltage V k at the maximum electric power point (the electric energy W1 k is maximum at this time), and the supplemented current is consequently (I max ⁇ I k ) (at this time, the electric energy W2 k is minimum), and only the difference current is replenished.
- the MPPT control means may use a microcomputer, a personal computer, or a host computer that performs centralized management in the case of mega solar.
- FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the panel used in the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention, in which the voltage detection means 2 and the power detection means 3 are built in the panel 1.
- the power supplementing means of the present invention is not a full power conversion type such as a conventional flyback booster circuit or a backdown buck converter, but supplements the panel by supplying the missing voltage in series with the panel. It is a type that supplements by connecting in parallel and replenishing, and is a type that supplements a low voltage source that does not convert all power.
- a low-voltage down-converter power supply has low loss. For example, if there is a difference of 10% in the maximum power point voltage between the panels, even if this is corrected by increasing the voltage by the conventional boost type boost conversion, if the efficiency of the converter is 90%, it will be 10% Therefore, even if converted, the total power does not increase, and the meaning of correction is lost.
- the electrolytic capacitor for the output current filter is also attached to the low voltage portion. Therefore, a small capacitor having a lower withstand voltage than the conventional type is sufficient.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the configuration, and the series will be described with an example of two stages.
- the voltage supplement type MPPT (that is, in the case of the parallel connection string) can send the maximum power by adding the current to the string having the smaller current, the smaller one of the parallel strings in FIG. You may decide to.
- MPPT scanning for each panel is performed in a time-sharing manner so that the maximum power can be obtained in the entire system.
- the measured power of the whole, part, or group can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the voltage Vi of supplementary power for each panel Check the increase or decrease of.
- the dotted line is the power line from the power replenishing power source to the power replenishing means, and although not shown, the replenishing power command Vi is replenished from the central control computer. It also serves as a transmission line that communicates to the means.
- the central control computer has a function of measuring the total power W total of all the solar battery panels and obtaining the maximum power point from the relationship with each generated voltage Vi.
- the power line can be DC, AC, or three-phase AC. In this case, it is necessary to consider a balance with a reduction in efficiency although there is a better configuration, such as eliminating the problem of ground potential by insulating the power source. It is reasonable to use the power supply line as a PLC (Power Line Communication) communication network that communicates with the central control computer.
- PLC Power Line Communication
- the power supplement means 4 is connected to all the panels 1, but FIG. 10 (voltage supplement type corresponding to FIG. 4) or FIG. 11 (current supplement corresponding to FIG. 7).
- the power supplement means 4 may not be connected to any one or a plurality of panels as shown in FIG. In the case of a plurality of sheets, the number may be every one sheet, every plurality, or any number.
- the power supplement means 4 is not connected in this way, the power drop caused by not connecting the power supplement means 4 to the panel is compensated by the maximum power point tracking function of the power conditioner, thereby avoiding competition between the two. To do.
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Abstract
Description
〔並列接続の問題点〕
パネルを複数並列に接続して、二次電池のような電圧源に接続する場合、各パネルの最大電力点の電圧が揃っていれば発生する電流は全て出力される。しかし、図2(A)に示すように、パネル間に温度差があると、出力電圧はパネル間で最大20%程度変化することになる。パネルの電力を集めるためには、パネルの全ての電流を受ける必要があるが、並列接続されるパネル間において温度差による電圧差が発生すると、二次電池のような電圧源の電圧は、並列接続されるパネルの中の最低のパネル電圧で運転するしかなくなる。その場合、それより電圧の高いパネルの電力は全電力を出すことなく、一部捨てられることになるという問題がある。
〔直列接続の問題点〕
また、複数のパネルを直列に接続して、二次電池のような電圧源に接続する場合、各パネルの最大電力点の電流が揃っていると、同じ日射量下においては、光量の差に起因する電流差による問題はなく、発生する電流は全て出力される。しかし、図2(B)に示すように、光量の差により出力電流が大幅に(最大10倍程度)変化するので、一部のパネルだけが日陰に入ったような場合は、パネル間に最大電力点の電流に差が生ずることになる。パネルの電流に差がある場合、二次電池のような電圧源は、電流が低いパネルのバイパスダイオードが動作することのないように、低い方の電流に合わせる場合だけ、パネルの全ての電圧を受けることができるので、必然的に電流が最低のパネルの電流で運転されることになる。その場合、それよりも電流出力能力の大きなパネルの電力は全電力を出すことなく、一部捨てられることになるという問題がある。
(1)全電力を変換し、昇圧する方式である。
(2)電圧は増やせても電流は増やせない。各パネルを直列に接続する場合は、上述の通り、出力電流が小さいパネルの方に合わせざるを得ないので、直列接続のアレイには向かない。しかし、並列接続には問題ない。
他には、上記フライバック昇圧回路の代わりに、バック・ダウンコンバータを用いた方式(図示せず)もある。パネルアレイの全電力についてダウンコンバータで出力電圧を下げるものであるが、これは電流をパネルの発生電流よりも増やすことが出来るので、直列接続のアレイにも適用可能である。
図9のメガソーラー太陽光発電システムでの実施例では、点線は電力補充用電源から、電力補充手段への電力線と、図示していないが、中央制御用コンピュータから補充電力指令Viを各電力補充手段に伝える伝送線の役割も持つ。併せて中央制御用コンピュータは全太陽電池パネルの総和電力Wtotalを計測し、個々の発生電圧Viとの関係から最大電力点を求める機能をもつ。
2 電圧検出手段
3 電力検出手段
4 電力補充手段
41 電力補充用直流電源
42 補充電力調整手段
43 電力計測手段
5 MPPT制御手段
6 二次電池、連系電源等の負荷
Claims (13)
- 複数の太陽電池パネルを並列に接続して構成されるストリングと、前記太陽電池パネルで発生した直流電力を、前記ストリングに接続された電力変換器により変換して負荷に供給する太陽光発電システムにおいて、
前記各太陽電池パネルに発生した電圧値を検出する電圧検出手段と、前記各太陽電池パネルに発生した電力量を検出する電力検出手段とが前記太陽電池パネル毎に設けられていると共に、
前記太陽電池パネルに直列に接続された電力補充手段と、
前記電力補充手段によって補充される電圧の値を制御する最大電力点追従制御手段とを更に備え、
前記電力補充手段は、電力補充用直流電源と、補充する電圧を調整する補充電力調整手段と、補充した電力の量を計測する電力計測手段とを備え、
前記最大電力点追従制御手段は、前記各太陽電池パネルを前記各太陽電池パネルの最大電力点における電圧になるように制御し、かつ、前記最大電力点における電力量(W1)と前記電力計測手段で計測される補充電力量(W2)との差である正味の出力電力(W1-W2)が最大になるように、前記補充電力調整手段を制御することを特徴とする太陽光発電システム。 - 複数の太陽電池パネルを直列に接続して構成されるストリングと、前記太陽電池パネルで発生した直流電力を、前記ストリングに接続された電力変換器により変換して負荷に供給する太陽光発電システムにおいて、
前記各太陽電池パネルに発生した電圧値を検出する電圧検出手段と、前記各太陽電池パネルに発生した電力量を検出する電力検出手段とが前記太陽電池パネル毎に設けられていると共に、
前記太陽電池パネルに並列に接続された電力補充手段と、
前記電力補充手段によって補充される電流の値を制御する最大電力点追従制御手段とを更に備え、
前記電力補充手段は、電力補充用直流電源と、補充する電流を調整する補充電力調整手段と、補充した電力の量を計測する電力計測手段とを備え、
前記最大電力点追従制御手段は、前記各太陽電池パネルを前記各太陽電池パネルの最大電力点における電圧になるように制御し、かつ、前記最大電力点における電力量(W1)と前記電力計測手段で計測される補充電力量(W2)との差である正味の出力電力(W1-W2)が最大になるように、前記補充電力調整手段を制御することを特徴とする太陽光発電システム。 - 前記最大電力点追従制御手段は、前記最大電力点における電力量(W1)と前記電力計測手段で計測される補充電力量(W2)との差である正味の出力電力(W1-W2)が最大になるように、フィードバック制御によって前記補充電力調整手段を制御することにより、前記各太陽電池パネルの電圧を制御する請求項1又は2に記載の太陽光発電システム。
- 前記電力補充用直流電源は、前記各電力補充手段に共通して1つ設けられている請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の太陽光発電システム。
- 前記補充電力調整手段が、DC/DCアップ又はダウンコンバータ回路を含む請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の太陽光発電システム。
- 前記DC/DCアップ又はダウンコンバータ回路が絶縁トランスを含む請求項5に記載の太陽光発電システム。
- 前記電力補充用直流電源の代わりに、前記太陽電池パネルで発電した電流の一部を用い、直列接続される前記補充電力調整手段を、低電圧を発生させるDC/DCダウンコンバータ回路による、前記発電した電流の一部を使って自分自身を持ち上げるブートストラップ回路となし、前記太陽電池パネルの電圧を常に最大電力点の電圧になるようにフィードバック制御で維持する請求項1に記載の太陽光発電システム。
- 前記最大電力点追従制御手段は、前記補充電力調整手段を制御して、前記太陽電池パネルの電圧を連続変化させ、前記太陽電池パネルからの前記出力電力(W1)と前記電力計測手段で計測される補充電力量(W2)との差である正味の出力電力(W1-W2)が最大になる電圧を最大電力点の電圧(Vmax)として検出、決定、記憶する機能を有する請求項1又は2に記載の太陽光発電システム。
- 前記最大電力点追従制御手段は、前記各太陽電池パネルについて、時分割シーケンスで前記補充電力量(W2)を走査して、その時に前記太陽電池パネルに発生する電力量(W1)と前記補充電力量(W2)との差である正味の出力電力(W1-W2)が最大となるところの前記太陽電池パネルの電圧(Vmax)を記憶し、該太陽電池パネルの次回の走査時までに前記電圧(Vmax)を維持するように制御する請求項1又は2に記載の太陽光発電システム。
- 前記電力検出手段及び前記電圧検出手段を前記太陽電池パネルに内蔵した請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の太陽光発電システム。
- 請求項1に記載の前記ストリングを直列に複数接続した太陽電池アレイを有することを特徴とする太陽光発電システム。
- 請求項2に記載の前記ストリングを並列に複数接続した太陽電池アレイを有することを特徴とする太陽光発電システム。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれかに記載の前記ストリング、又は前記ストリングを直列若しくは並列に接続して構成される太陽電池アレイと、
前記ストリング又は太陽電池アレイから出力される直流電力を変換して負荷に電力を供給するパワーコンディショナとを備えた太陽光発電システムであって、
前記パワーコンディショナは最大電力点追従機能を備え、
前記最大電力点追従制御手段は、前記ストリング内又は前記太陽電池アレイ内の1枚若しくは複数枚の太陽電池パネルに前記電力補充操作を行わず、前記電力補充操作を行わないことによって生ずる電力低下を、前記パワーコンディショナの最大電力点追従機能によって補完することを特徴とする太陽光発電システム。
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