WO2013013510A1 - 簇头辅助用户终端从d2d通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法 - Google Patents

簇头辅助用户终端从d2d通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013013510A1
WO2013013510A1 PCT/CN2012/070260 CN2012070260W WO2013013510A1 WO 2013013510 A1 WO2013013510 A1 WO 2013013510A1 CN 2012070260 W CN2012070260 W CN 2012070260W WO 2013013510 A1 WO2013013510 A1 WO 2013013510A1
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Prior art keywords
base station
cluster head
cluster
user terminal
communication
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PCT/CN2012/070260
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜金铃
周婷
徐景
郦振红
王海峰
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上海无线通信研究中心
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Application filed by 上海无线通信研究中心 filed Critical 上海无线通信研究中心
Priority to EP12818141.9A priority Critical patent/EP2739087B1/en
Priority to US14/234,873 priority patent/US8948770B2/en
Publication of WO2013013510A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013013510A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/03Reselecting a link using a direct mode connection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/03Reselecting a link using a direct mode connection
    • H04W36/033Reselecting a link using a direct mode connection in pre-organised networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H04W36/302Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data due to low signal strength
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00Connection management
    • H04W76/20Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/23Manipulation of direct-mode connections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00Network topologies
    • H04W84/02Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/08Trunked mobile radio systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02Terminal devices
    • H04W88/04Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of mobile communication technologies, and relates to a method for a cluster head to assist a user terminal to switch from D2D communication to cellular communication. Background technique
  • D2D cluster communication means that information is directly exchanged between a group of adjacent terminals through a direct link, and does not require a traditional network (such as a base station) to transit. Due to the mobility of the terminal, it is necessary for the cluster communication technology to provide mobility support for the terminal. The most basic of these is the mobile switching/conversion of D2D communication and cellular communication. For D2D cluster communication, mobility management is especially important because, in addition to mobile switching, there are also issues related to cluster update and re-establishment of terminals joining clusters and leaving clusters. As a favorable complement to conventional wireless communication, D2D cluster communication does not require network relay.
  • the network here includes any access point such as a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNodeB, and a site controller.
  • D2D cluster communication There are two modes of operation for D2D cluster communication, one is cluster communication with centralized control of the base station, and the other is cluster communication with cluster head distributed control.
  • the base station controls and manages D2D cluster communication
  • each D2D member terminal maintains a cellular link connection with the base station, completes control signaling interaction
  • each member terminal completes data interaction through the D2D link.
  • the cluster head controls and manages intra-cluster signaling and data interaction of the cluster communication.
  • the cluster head In this mode, if in the communication connection state, the cluster head maintains a cellular link connection with the base station, and interacts.
  • Necessary control signaling such as synchronization, access and resource (re)allocation; member terminals in the cluster maintain D2D link connection with the cluster head, subject to management control of the cluster head, and no cellular link connected to the base station.
  • the mobility of the terminal may cause the cluster communication to be updated, rebuilt, and even converted to the cellular network to continue communication. This is a huge challenge for distributed, semi-distributed cluster communication.
  • UE1 and UE2 in the D2D communication mode will switch to the cellular communication mode by using the base station, and the flow As follows: Initially, UE1 and UE2 communicate directly through the D2D link. UE1, UE2 periodically detects and measures D2D link quality.
  • UE1 and UE2 respectively send a request to the base station, wishing to switch to the cellular communication mode; After receiving the conversion request, the base station allocates radio resources to UE1 and UE2; then the base station sends a conversion response message to UE1 and UE2; secondly, UE1 and UE2 respectively measure and calculate the quality of the cellular link; if the cellular link quality The quantity is higher than a certain predefined threshold (THRD2).
  • THRD2 a certain predefined threshold
  • UE1 and UE2 both request to release the D2D resource. Thereafter, the base station sends a release D2D resource response message to UE1 and UE2.
  • UE1 and UE2 release the D2D resource and switch to the cellular. Communication mode.
  • the process of converting D2D communication to cellular communication ends.
  • This conversion process assumes that two D2D terminals are located in the same base station, and each D2D terminal is capable of interacting with the base station to control signaling.
  • this method will consume a large amount of radio resources and control signaling.
  • this method is also not applicable to distributed controlled D2D cluster communication.
  • FIG 2 is a simplified flow of S1 handover for LTE systems.
  • the S1 handover will be triggered.
  • the source base station sends handover request information to the source mobility management entity (MME) (step 2), and the source MME forwards the relocation request to the target ⁇ E (step 3).
  • MME mobility management entity
  • the target ⁇ E sends a "handover request" to the target base station (step 4), the target base station establishes resources (step 5), feeds back "handover request response" to the target ⁇ E (step 6), and the target ⁇ E responds to the relocation request to Source ⁇ E (step 7).
  • source E sends a "Handover Command" to the source base station (step 8), and the source base station forwards the handover command to the terminal (step 9).
  • the source base station transmits a "base station state transition" to the source ⁇ E (step 10).
  • the target base station After the target base station receives the " ⁇ E state transition” from the target ⁇ E (step 11), the target base station will receive the "handover confirmation" message sent by the terminal (step 12). Subsequently, the target base station transmits a "Handover Announcement" message to the target ⁇ E (step 13).
  • the source E is relocated with the target ( E (step 14), and the source ⁇ E notifies the source base station to release the resource (step 15). Finally, update the tracking domain to complete the switch (step 16).
  • the source base station In the actual handover process of LTE, the source base station also needs to forward data to the target base station to implement seamless handover.
  • the source base station selects the target base station for handover for the user terminal.
  • the above switching method is not applicable to the D2D cluster member seamlessly from the D2D link. Switch to cellular link.
  • the base station is responsible for managing the user terminal to switch from D2D communication to cellular communication.
  • the base station is responsible for managing the user terminal to switch from D2D communication to cellular communication.
  • other intra-cluster member terminals lack a dedicated channel connected to the base station, even in the same base station (as shown in FIG. 3, terminal UE2).
  • the terminal that is located in the coverage of the same base station as the cluster head UE1 is also difficult to switch from D2D communication to cellular communication.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for a cluster head to assist a user terminal to switch from D2D communication to cellular communication, and the method realizes mobile conversion of D2D communication and cellular communication in distributed cluster communication.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • a method for a cluster head assisting user terminal to switch from D2D communication to cellular communication includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 If the quality of the D2D link between the user terminal and the cluster head is lower than a predefined threshold, the user terminal performs a cell search and a random access procedure to access the network.
  • Step 2 The user terminal sends a conversion request to the cluster head through the D2D link, where the conversion request includes the target base station identifier ID that the user terminal is about to access; the cluster head sends the conversion request to the serving base station through the cellular link;
  • the target base station identifier ID to be accessed by the user terminal is the same as the serving base station identifier ID where the cluster head is located, that is, the target base station to be accessed by the user terminal and the serving base station where the cluster head is located are the same base station, the user terminal accesses the service. a base station, and establishing an RRC connection with the serving base station; the serving base station returns a conversion response message to the cluster head through the cellular link, and the cluster head sends the conversion response information to the user terminal through the D2D link;
  • the user terminal accesses the target base station and performs an RRC connection with the target base station; the serving base station forwards the conversion request of the user terminal to the target base station, The target base station replies to the serving base station with a conversion response message.
  • step 2 when the cluster head sends the conversion response information to the user terminal through the D2D link, the cluster head will modulate the coding format MC between the self and the serving base station, and the D2D link.
  • the modulation coding format MC3 ⁇ 4 2D is compared. If MC n ⁇ is approximately equal to MC3 ⁇ 4 2D , the cluster head broadcasts data to the D2D cluster and the serving base station; if the values of 0 ⁇ £1 — ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 03 ⁇ 4 213 are different, the cluster head
  • the parallel communication operation is selected, that is, the cluster head performs D2D multicast in the D2D cluster, and the cell head is broadcasted between the cluster head and the serving base station.
  • the cluster head unicasts data to the serving base station through the cellular link; at the same time, the cluster head continues to multicast data to other member terminals in the D2D cluster through the D2D link; Second, if the cluster head and the user terminal are under the same serving base station, the serving base station forwards the data to the user terminal through the cellular link.
  • the cluster head multicast data, the serving base station and other member terminals in the D2D cluster receive data
  • the serving base station forwards data to the user terminal through the cellular link.
  • step 2 when the user terminal is about to access a target base station different from the serving base station, the serving base station forwards the data to the target base station, and then the target base station forwards the data to the user terminal.
  • the precondition of the cluster head assisting user terminal to implement the method for converting from D2D communication to cellular communication is:
  • the D2D user terminal performs multicast data communication within the cluster
  • D2D communication uses cellular uplink resources orthogonally.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The method for switching the cluster head assisted user terminal from D2D communication to cellular communication according to the present invention realizes the mobile switching of D2D communication and cellular communication in distributed cluster communication, which can reduce the route lookup delay , save wireless resources.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for converting a D2D communication mode of a base station to a cellular communication mode by centralized control
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for switching an S1 interface of an LTE system
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which a terminal moves in D2D cluster communication
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for converting a cluster head auxiliary user terminal from D2D communication to cellular communication according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the invention provides a D2D cluster communication user terminal for cluster head distributed control to provide a conversion from D2D communication to cellular communication Methods.
  • the terminal When the user terminal leaves the cluster and expects to continue the original service, the terminal first performs cell search and random access to determine the serving base station under the cellular communication; and then, through the cluster head, compares the quality of the cellular link and the D2D link, and determines Subsequent communication mode; if the link quality of the two links is similar, the cluster head selects the broadcast mode to transmit data; if the link quality of the two links is different, the cluster head multicast data in the cluster and the cluster head unicast data in the cellular network Communication method.
  • This embodiment provides a method for a cluster head to assist a user terminal to switch from D2D communication to cellular communication, and the assumptions include:
  • the D2D terminal performs multicast data communication within the cluster
  • the present invention provides a method for a cluster head to assist a user terminal to switch from D2D communication to cellular communication.
  • the meaning of the method is: In the cluster head distributed control D2D cluster communication, a user terminal leaving the cluster is provided with a A non-destructive conversion method for fast conversion to cellular communication.
  • the UE1, UE2, and UE3 directly exchange information through the D2D link, without the base station relaying.
  • the cluster head UE1 is connected to the base station to manage and maintain intra-cluster communication.
  • UE1 is also a data source.
  • the most direct way is that if the link quality between the terminals makes the UE2 no longer suitable for D2D communication, then The terminal UE2 is switched to the cellular network to complete subsequent communications.
  • UE1, UE2, and UE3 are in the D2D cluster, and the cluster head UE1 is the data source.
  • the terminal UE2 performs a cell search and a random access procedure to access the cellular network; the threshold is based on actual conditions.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the ID of the base station to which the user terminal UE2 is about to access is the same as the ID of the base station where the cluster head UE1 is located, that is, the end of the user
  • the UE2 can access the serving base station eNodeB1 and establish an RRC connection with the eNodeB1.
  • the user terminal UE2 accesses the base station eNodeB2 and performs RRC connection with the base station eNodeB2.
  • User terminal UE2 sends a conversion request to the cluster head UE1 through the D2D link, and expects to maintain the original service.
  • the conversion request includes a target base station ID to which the user terminal UE2 is about to access.
  • the source base station does not find and decide which base station the UE switches to, but the UE itself searches for and accesses the target base station and the access target.
  • the ID of the base station informs the cluster head.
  • the cluster head UE1 (non-base station) transmits the conversion request to the base station eNodeB 1 through the cellular link.
  • the eNodeB1 After receiving the conversion request information from the cluster, the eNodeB1 can know which base station the user terminal UE2 is connected to.
  • step (5) If the base station to be accessed by the user terminal UE2 happens to be the eNodeB1, then the process proceeds to step (5);
  • step (4*) is performed;
  • the base station eNodeB1 forwards the request information of the UE2 to the cellular communication to the eNodeB2; if the eNodeB2 receives the forwarding request of the eNodeB1, the eNodeB2 replies to the eNodeB1 with the conversion response message.
  • the base station eNodeB1 replies to the cluster head UE1 with a conversion response message through the cellular link.
  • the cluster head UE1 transmits the conversion response information to the user terminal UE2 through the D2D link. At the same time, the cluster head UE1 compares the modulation and coding format MCS between UE1 and eNodeB1 with the modulation and coding format MCS between the D2D links. If MC ⁇ £1 ⁇ 1 is approximately equal to MC3 ⁇ 4 2Z3 , then the jump execution step (7*) ), otherwise go to step (7).
  • cluster head UE1 selects parallel communication operation
  • cluster head UE1 performs D2D multicast in cluster
  • cluster head UE1 and base station eNodeBl perform cellular single broadcast.
  • D2D link transmission efficiency is superior to conventional cellular links.
  • the application of parallel communication operation enables the user terminals in the D2D cluster to meet the original service requirements; on the other hand, the cellular link can also be guaranteed.
  • the reliability of unicast communication is:
  • the cluster head UE1 unicasts data to the base station eNodeB1 through the cellular link; at the same time, the cluster head UE1 continues to multicast data to other member terminals in the cluster through the D2D link;
  • the base station eNodeB1 forwards the data to the user terminal UE2 through the cellular link; otherwise, the base station eNodeB1 forwards the data to the base station eNodeB2, eNodeB2 And then forward the data to the user terminal UE2;
  • M 3 ⁇ 4f ⁇ is approximately equal to the MCS cluster head UE1 broadcast data to the D2D cluster and the base station eNodeBl to save radio resources; the specific broadcast process is:
  • the cluster head UE1 multicasts data, and the serving base stations eNodeB1 and other member terminals of the D2D cluster receive data; secondly, if the cluster head UE1 and the user terminal UE2 belong to the same base station eNodeB1, the base station eNodeB1 forwards the data packet to the leaving cluster through the cellular link. User terminal UE2; otherwise, if the serving base station eNodeB1 forwards data to the target base station eNodeB2, then the target base station eNodeB2 forwards the data to the leaving terminal UE2.
  • the method for switching the cluster head assisted user terminal from D2D communication to cellular communication proposed by the invention is applicable to D2D cluster communication of cluster head distributed and semi-distributed control, which realizes seamless communication of D2D cluster communication mobile terminal from D2D communication Switching to cellular communications, the main content is:
  • the terminal in the D D2D cluster sends the identifier (ID) of the target base station to be accessed to the cluster head.
  • ID identifier
  • the user terminal sends the ID information of the target base station to be sent to the cluster head, and the cluster head forwards the information to its own serving base station.
  • the cluster head can determine the communication mode based on the modulation and coding format (MCS) information. If the D2D MCS is approximately equal to the MCS of the cellular link, then broadcast mode is used, otherwise parallel mode is used. In the broadcast mode, the cluster head broadcasts data to other user terminals in the D2D cluster and the serving base station where the cluster head is located; in the parallel mode, on the one hand, the cluster head uses dedicated resources for intra-cluster multicast, on the other hand, the cluster head Use another resource for cellular unicast and send the data to the network where the cluster head is located (the serving base station).
  • MCS modulation and coding format
  • the serving base station of the cluster head For cellular communication, if the serving base station of the cluster head is the same as the serving base station selected by the user terminal leaving the cluster, the base station directly forwards the data to the leaving user terminal; otherwise, data forwarding between the base stations is required, and finally, the data is forwarded to The leaving user terminal.
  • the description and application of the present invention are illustrative, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Variations and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein are possible, and various alternative and equivalent components of the embodiments are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other forms, structures, arrangements, ratios, and other elements, materials and components without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种簇头辅助用户终端从D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法,当用户终端与簇头间的D2D链路质量低于预定义的门限时,若用户终端不得不离开簇,但仍期望继续原来的业务,则该用户终端进行小区搜索和随机接入,与蜂窝网络的目标基站建立RRC连接,依靠簇头辅助,实现D2D通信到蜂窝通信的转换,并给出转换后的通信方式。本发明实现了分布式簇通信中的D2D通信与蜂窝通信的移动转换,其能够降低路由查找时延,节省无线资源。

Description

簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法
技术领域
本发明属于移动通信技术领域, 涉及一种簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信 的方法。 背景技术
D2D簇 (D2D cluster)通信是指通过直接链路在一群相邻终端间直接交互信息, 并不需要 传统的网络 (如基站)中转。 由于终端具有移动性, 簇通信技术有必要为终端提供移动性支持。 其中最基本的是 D2D通信与蜂窝通信的移动切换 /转换。 对 D2D簇通信而言, 移动管理尤为重 要, 这是因为, 除移动切换外, 还存在终端加入簇、 离开簇等有关簇更新、 重建的问题。 作 为常规无线通信的有利补充, D2D簇通信不需要网络中转。这里的网络包括基站收发信机 (BTS) , NodeB, eNodeB, 站址控制器等任意的接入点。
D2D簇通信有两种运行方式, 一种是基站集中式控制的簇通信, 另一种是簇头分布式控制 的簇通信。 在第一种运行方式的通信过程中, 基站控制和管理 D2D簇通信, 每个 D2D成员终 端与基站保持蜂窝链路连接, 完成控制信令的交互, 各成员终端通过 D2D链路完成数据的交 互; 在第二种运行方式的通信过程中, 簇头控制和管理簇通信的簇内信令和数据交互, 这种 方式下, 如果处于通信连接状态, 簇头与基站保持蜂窝链路连接, 交互诸如同步, 接入和资 源 (再)分配等必要的控制信令; 簇内成员终端与簇头保持 D2D链路连接, 受簇头的管理控制, 没有与基站连接的蜂窝链路。 然而, 终端的移动性可能导致簇通信不得不进行更新, 重建, 甚至转换到蜂窝网络才能继续通信。 这对分布式、 半分布式的簇通信而言, 无疑是一种极大 的挑战。
如图 1所示, 在基站集中式控制的 D2D对 (D2D pair) 通信中, 一旦 D2D链路质量不再 满足通信要求, D2D通信模式下的 UE1和 UE2将借助基站转换到蜂窝通信模式, 流程如下: 起 初 UE1、 UE2通过 D2D链路直接进行通信。 UE1, UE2周期检测和测量 D2D链路质量, 一旦链路 质量在一段时间内低于某个预定义的门限值 (THRDl) , UE1与 UE2分别向基站发送请求, 希望 转换到蜂窝通信模式; 基站接收到转换请求后, 向 UE1, UE2分配无线资源; 然后基站发送转 换应答消息给 UE1和 UE2; 其次, UE1和 UE2分别测量和计算蜂窝链路质量; 如果蜂窝链路质 量高于某个预定义的门限值 (THRD2) , UE1和 UE2均请求释放 D2D资源; 此后, 基站发送释放 D2D资源应答消息给 UE1和 UE2; 最后, UE1和 UE2释放 D2D资源, 转换到蜂窝通信模式。 至 此, D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的过程结束。此转换过程假定两个 D2D终端位于同一基站内, 同 时, 每个 D2D终端都能够与基站交互控制信令。 然而, 如果不是 D2D对通信, 而是一群用户 终端组成的 D2D簇通信, 此方法将耗费大量的无线资源和控制信令。 而且, 该方法也不适用 于分布式控制的 D2D簇通信。
图 2是 LTE系统 S1切换的简化流程。 首先, 如果两个基站间没有 X2接口, 或者源基站 已通过 S1接口向一特定的基站发起切换, 将触发 S1切换。 接着, 源基站向源移动管理实体 (Mobi l ity Management Entity, MME) 发送切换请求信息(步骤 2), 源 MME转发重定位请求 给目标匪 E (步骤 3)。 然后, 目标匪 E发送 "切换请求"给目标基站(步骤 4), 目标基站建立 资源(步骤 5),反馈"切换请求应答 "给目标匪 E (步骤 6),目标匪 E响应重定位请求给源匪 E (步 骤 7)。 此后, 源匪 E发送 "切换命令"给源基站 (步骤 8), 源基站将切换命令转发给终端 (步 骤 9)。 接下来, 源基站发送 "基站状态转移"给源匪 E (步骤 10)。 当目标基站从目标匪 E接 收到 "匪 E状态转移"后 (步骤 11), 目标基站将收到终端发来的 "切换确认"信息 (步骤 12)。 随后, 目标基站发送 "切换通告"信息给目标匪 E (步骤 13)。 紧接着, 源匪 E与目标匪 E完 成重定位 (步骤 14), 源匪 E通知源基站释放资源 (步骤 15)。最后, 更新跟踪域, 完成切换 (步 骤 16)。 在 LTE实际切换流程中, 源基站还需要将数据转发给目标基站实现无缝切换。
在图 2 的蜂窝网络切换中, 源基站为用户终端选择目标基站作切换。 然而, 在簇头分布 式控制的 D2D通信网络里, 因为基站只有簇头的通信连接信息, 不了解簇内其它成员终端的 状态信息, 因此上述切换方法不适用 D2D簇成员从 D2D链路无缝转换到蜂窝链路。
在现有技术中, 大多数研究是基于基站集中式控制的 D2D通信。 在这种集中式控制的场 景下,无论是 D2D对还是 D2D簇通信,基站负责管理用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信。 但是对于簇头分布式、 半分布式控制的 D2D簇通信而言, 除簇头外, 其他簇内成员终端缺少 与基站连接的专用信道, 即便是处于同一个基站(如图 3中, 终端 UE2与簇头 UE1位于同一 基站的覆盖范围内) 的终端, 从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信也是有一定难度的, 对于不同基站 下的终端(如图 3中, 移动到另一基站覆盖范围的 UE2与 UE1处于不同基站的覆盖范围)转 换则更加困难。 即使能够实现二者的转换, 也将耗费很大的信令开销和通信时延, 这会进一 步导致系统容量和吞吐量的下降, 损害 D2D通信的优势。 因此, 在减少资源开销, 降低通信 时延并仍然保证通信终端的服务质量的前提下, 对分布式簇通信而言, D2D通信与蜂窝通信 的移动转换是一个亟待解决的问题。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是: 提供一种簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信 的方法, 该方法实现了分布式簇通信中的 D2D通信与蜂窝通信的移动转换。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法, 包括以下步骤:
步骤 1, 如果用户终端与簇头间的 D2D链路质量低于预定义的门限, 则用户终端进行小 区搜索和随机接入流程接入网络;
步骤 2, 用户终端通过 D2D链路向簇头发送转换请求, 所述转换请求包括用户终端即将 接入的目标基站标识 ID; 簇头通过蜂窝链路发送所述转换请求给服务基站;
如果用户终端即将接入的目标基站标识 ID与簇头所在的服务基站标识 ID相同, 即用户 终端待接入的目标基站与簇头所在的服务基站为同一基站, 则用户终端接入所述服务基站, 并与服务基站建立 RRC 连接; 服务基站通过蜂窝链路向簇头回复转换响应消息, 簇头通过 D2D链路向用户终端发送转换响应信息;
如果用户终端待接入的目标基站标识 ID不同于簇头所在的服务基站标识 ID,则用户终端 接入目标基站,并与目标基站进行 RRC连接;服务基站向目标基站转发用户终端的转换请求, 目标基站向服务基站回复转换响应消息。
作为本发明的一种优选方案, 步骤 2中, 簇头通过 D2D链路向用户终端发送转换响应信 息的同时, 簇头将自身与服务基站间的调制编码格式 MC? — 同 D2D链路间的调制编码 格式 MC¾2D作比较, 如果 MC n^近似等于 MC¾2D, 则簇头广播数据给 D2D簇和服务 基站; 如果 0^£1— ^1与^0¾213的值差异较大, 则簇头选择并行通信操作, 即簇头在 D2D 簇内进行 D2D多播, 簇头与服务基站之间进行蜂窝单播。
作为本发明的另一种优选方案, MC^£ AW ^与 MC¾2Z3的值差异较大时, 簇头进行并行 通信操作的具体过程为:
首先, 簇头通过蜂窝链路单播数据给服务基站; 与此同时, 簇头继续通过 D2D链路将数 据多播给 D2D簇内其它成员终端; 其次, 如果簇头和用户终端在同一服务基站下, 则服务基站通过蜂窝链路将数据转发给 该用户终端。
作为本发明的再一种优选方案, MC^£ AW ^近似等于 MC^2Z3时, 簇头广播数据给 D2D 簇和服务基站的具体过程为:
首先, 簇头多播数据, 服务基站和 D2D簇内其它成员终端接收数据;
其次, 如果簇头和用户终端属于同一个服务基站, 则服务基站通过蜂窝链路转发数据到 该用户终端。
作为本发明的再一种优选方案, 步骤 2 中, 用户终端即将接入的是不同于服务基站的目 标基站时, 服务基站将数据转发给目标基站, 然后目标基站再将数据转发给用户终端。
作为本发明的再一种优选方案, 所述簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方 法实现的前提条件为:
(a) 在初始阶段, 所有簇内用户终端都在簇头分布式控制的 D2D簇内, 簇头负责管理维 护簇, 并与基站保持连接;
(b) D2D用户终端在簇内进行多播数据通信;
(c) D2D通信正交使用蜂窝上行资源。 本发明的有益效果在于: 本发明所述的簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的 方法实现了分布式簇通信中的 D2D通信与蜂窝通信的移动转换, 其能够降低路由查找时延, 节省无线资源。 附图说明
图 1为基站集中式控制的 D2D通信模式转换到蜂窝通信模式的方法流程示意图; 图 2为 LTE系统 S 1接口切换方法的流程示意图;
图 3为 D2D簇通信中终端移动的场景示意图;
图 4为本发明所述的簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法流程示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明为簇头分布式控制的 D2D簇通信用户终端提供了一种从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信 的方法。 当用户终端离开簇并期望继续原来的业务时, 该终端首先进行小区搜索和随机接入, 确定蜂窝通信下的服务基站; 然后, 通过簇头对蜂窝链路和 D2D链路质量的比较, 决定后续 通信方式; 若二者链路质量相似, 簇头选择广播方式传输数据; 若二者链路质量差异较大, 则采用簇头在簇内多播数据和簇头在蜂窝网内单播数据的通信方式。
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。 实施例
本实施例提供一种簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法, 其假设条件包 括:
(a) 在初始阶段, 所有簇内用户终端都在簇头分布式控制的 D2D簇内, 簇头负责管理维 护簇, 并与 eNodeB保持连接;
(b) D2D终端在簇内进行多播数据通信;
(c) D2D通信正交使用蜂窝上行资源。
基于上述假设, 本发明提出一种簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法, 该方法的含义是: 在簇头分布式控制的 D2D 簇通信中, 为离开簇的用户终端提供一种快速转 换到蜂窝通信的无损转换方法。
如图 3所示, 在 D2D簇内, 终端 UE1, UE2, UE3通过 D2D链路直接交互信息, 无需基 站中转。簇头 UE1与基站连接, 管理维护簇内通信。此外, UE1也是数据源。 在这种情况下, 如果簇内的用户终端 UE2离开 D2D簇, 但仍希望保持现有的业务, 那么最直接的方式是, 如 果终端间的链路质量使 UE2不再适合做 D2D通信, 则让终端 UE2转换到蜂窝网络完成后续 通信。
基于图 3所示的场景和假设条件, 本实施例所述的簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂 窝通信的方法的具体实现过程如下:
( 1 ) 在初始阶段, UE1、 UE2和 UE3在 D2D簇内, 簇头 UE1是数据源。
如果簇内用户终端 UE2与簇头 UE1间的 D2D链路质量低于预定义的门限值, 则终端 UE2进 行小区搜索和随机接入流程接入蜂窝网络; 所述门限值是依据实际的通信环境而定, 比方说, 不同的通信业务有不同的服务质量 (QoS)要求, 门限值的设定可依据 QoS而定。
如果用户终端 UE2即将接入的基站的 ID与簇头 UE1所在的基站的 ID相同,也就是说用户终 端 UE2可接入服务基站 eNodeBl, 并与 eNodeBl建立 RRC连接;
如果用户终端 UE2即将接入的目标基站 (eNodeB2) 的 ID不同于簇头 UE1所在的服务基站 (eNodeBl ), 则用户终端 UE2接入基站 eNodeB2, 与基站 eNodeB2进行 RRC连接。
(2) 用户终端 UE2通过 D2D链路向簇头 UE1发送转换请求, 并期望保持原来的业务。 所 述转换请求包括用户终端 UE2即将接入的目标基站 ID。
这与常规网络 (例如, 图 3所示的 LTE网络)的切换流程不同, 并不是源基站寻找和决定 UE 切换到哪个基站, 而是 UE本身寻找和接入目标基站并将所述接入目标基站的 ID通知簇头。
( 3 ) 簇头 UE1 (非基站)通过蜂窝链路发送所述转换请求给基站 eNodeB 1。
(4) 基站 eNodeBl接收到簇头发来的所述转换请求信息后, 就能知道用户终端 UE2接入 了哪个基站。
如果用户终端 UE2即将接入的基站恰好是 eNodeBl , 则跳转到步骤 (5 );
如果用户终端 UE2即将接入的基站是不同于服务基站 eNodeBl的目标基站 eNodeB2,则 执行步骤 (4* );
(4* ) 基站 eNodeBl 向 eNodeB2转发 UE2转换到蜂窝通信的请求信息; 如果 eNodeB2 接收了 eNodeBl的转发的转换请求, 则 eNodeB2向 eNodeBl回复转换响应消息。
( 5 ) 基站 eNodeBl通过蜂窝链路向簇头 UE1回复转换响应消息。
( 6 ) 簇头 UE1通过 D2D链路向用户终端 UE2发送转换响应信息。 同时, 簇头 UE1将 UE1 与 eNodeBl间的调制编码格式 MCS 同 D2D链路间的调制编码格式 MCS 作比较, 如 果 MC^£1―^^ 1近似等于 MC¾2Z3, 那么跳转执行步骤 (7*), 否则转向执行步骤 (7)。
(7 ) MC^£1―^^ 1与^0^213的值差异较大: 簇头 UE1选择并行通信操作, 簇头 UE1在簇 内进行 D2D多播, 簇头 UE1与基站 eNodeBl进行蜂窝单播。 众所周知, D2D链路传输效率优于 常规蜂窝链路, 在此基础上, 一方面, 应用并行通信操作能使得 D2D簇内的用户终端满足原 来的业务要求; 另一方面, 也能保证蜂窝链路上单播通信的可靠性。 其中, 并行通信操作的 过程为:
首先, 簇头 UE1通过蜂窝链路单播数据给基站 eNodeBl ; 与此同时, 簇头 UE1继续通过 D2D链路将数据多播给簇内其它成员终端;
其次, 如果簇头 UE1和用户终端 UE2在同一基站 eNodeBl下, 则基站 eNodeBl通过蜂 窝链路将数据转发给用户终端 UE2;否则,基站 eNodeBl将数据转发给基站 eNodeB2, eNodeB2 再将数据转发给用户终端 UE2;
(7* ) M ¾f ^近似等于 MCS 簇头 UE1 广播数据给 D2D簇和基站 eNodeBl , 达到节省无线资源的目的; 具体广播过程为:
首先, 簇头 UE1多播数据, 服务基站 eNodeBl和 D2D簇其它成员终端接收数据; 其次, 如果簇头 UE1和用户终端 UE2属于同一个基站 eNodeBl , 则基站 eNodeBl通过 蜂窝链路转发数据分组给离开簇的用户终端 UE2; 否则, 如果服务基站 eNodeBl向目标基站 eNodeB2转发数据, 然后目标基站 eNodeB2再将数据转发给离开终端 UE2。
值得一提的是, 为了简化说明, 图 4 中数据源恰好和簇头是同一个终端。 实际上, 即使 数据源不是簇头, 上述流程和方法也是适用的。
本发明提出的簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法适用于簇头分布式、 半 分布式控制的 D2D 簇通信中, 其实现了将 D2D簇通信的移动终端从 D2D通信无缝转换到蜂窝 通信, 主要内容在于:
D D2D簇内终端发送待接入目标基站的标识 (ID)给簇头。当某个 D2D用户终端即将转换 到蜂窝通信模式时, 该用户终端将待接入目标基站的 ID信息发送给簇头, 簇头将此信息转发 给自己的服务基站。
2)如果离开 D2D簇的通信终端仍期望继续原来的业务,则簇头可基于调制编码格式 (MCS) 信息决定通信方式。 如果 D2D MCS 与蜂窝链路的 MCS近似相等, 则采用广播方式, 否则采 用并行方式。 在广播方式下, 簇头将数据广播给 D2D簇内其它用户终端以及簇头所在的服务 基站; 在并行方式下, 一方面, 簇头使用专用资源进行簇内多播, 另一方面, 簇头使用另一 块资源进行蜂窝单播, 将数据发送给簇头所在的网络 (服务基站)。 对蜂窝通信而言, 若簇头的 服务基站与离开簇的用户终端选择的服务基站相同, 则该基站直接将数据转发给该离开的用 户终端; 否则需进行基站间的数据转发, 最终发送到该离开的用户终端。 本发明的描述和应用是说明性的, 并非想将本发明的范围限制在上述实施例中。 这里所披露 的实施例的变形和改变是可能的, 对于那些本领域的普通技术人员来说实施例的替换和等效 的各种部件是公知的。 本领域技术人员应该清楚的是, 在不脱离本发明的精神或本质特征的 情况下, 本发明可以以其他形式、 结构、 布置、 比例, 以及用其他元件、 材料和部件来实现。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法, 其特征在于, 包 括以下步骤:
步骤 1, 如果用户终端与簇头间的 D2D链路质量低于预定义的门限, 则用 户终端进行小区搜索和随机接入流程接入蜂窝网络;
步骤 2, 用户终端通过 D2D链路向簇头发送转换请求, 所述转换请求包括 用户终端即将接入的目标基站标识 ID; 簇头通过蜂窝链路发送所述转换请求给 服务基站;
如果用户终端即将接入的目标基站标识 ID 与簇头所在的服务基站标识 ID 相同, 即用户终端待接入的目标基站与簇头所在的服务基站为同一基站, 则用户 终端接入所述服务基站, 并与服务基站建立 RRC连接; 服务基站通过蜂窝链路 向簇头回复转换响应消息, 簇头通过 D2D链路向用户终端发送转换响应信息; 如果用户终端待接入的目标基站标识 ID 不同于簇头所在的服务基站标识 ID, 则用户终端接入目标基站, 并与目标基站进行 RRC连接; 服务基站向目标 基站转发用户终端的转换请求, 目标基站向服务基站回复转换响应消息。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方 法, 其特征在于: 步骤 2中, 簇头通过 D2D链路向用户终端发送转换响应信息 的同时, 簇头将自身与服务基站间的调制编码格式 M ¾£ AW^同 D2D链路间 的调制编码格式 ^ ¾213作比较,如果 MC n^近似等于 MC¾2Z3,则簇头广 播数据给 D2D簇和服务基站; 如果 MC? — 与 MC^2Z3的值差异较大, 则簇 头选择并行通信操作, 即簇头在 D2D簇内进行 D2D多播, 簇头与服务基站之间 进行蜂窝单播。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方 法, 其特征在于, MC /F1— ^^,与^^^。的值差异较大时, 簇头进行并行通信 操作的具体过程为:
首先, 簇头通过蜂窝链路单播数据给服务基站; 与此同时, 簇头继续通过 D2D链路将数据多播给 D2D簇内其它用户终端;
其次, 如果簇头和用户终端在同一服务基站下, 则服务基站通过蜂窝链路将 数据转发给该用户终端。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方 法, 其特征在于, MC? — ^ 近似等于 MC¾2Z3时, 簇头广播数据给 D2D簇和 服务基站的具体过程为:
首先, 簇头多播数据, 服务基站和 D2D簇内其它用户终端接收数据; 其次, 如果簇头和用户终端属于同一个服务基站, 则服务基站通过蜂窝链路 将数据转发给用户终端。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方 法, 其特征在于, 步骤 2中, 用户终端即将接入的是不同于服务基站的目标基站 时,服务基站将数据转发给目标基站,然后目标基站再将数据转发到该用户终端。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方 法,其特征在于, 所述簇头辅助用户终端从 D2D通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法实现 的前提条件为:
(a) 在初始阶段,所有簇内用户终端都在簇头分布式控制的 D2D簇内, 簇头 负责管理维护簇, 并与基站保持连接;
(b) D2D终端在簇内进行多播数据通信;
(c) D2D通信正交使用蜂窝上行资源。
PCT/CN2012/070260 2011-07-25 2012-01-12 簇头辅助用户终端从d2d通信转换到蜂窝通信的方法 WO2013013510A1 (zh)

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US20140179330A1 (en) 2014-06-26
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US8948770B2 (en) 2015-02-03
CN102905334A (zh) 2013-01-30
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