WO2013012065A1 - 熱電変換素子及び熱電変換発電装置 - Google Patents
熱電変換素子及び熱電変換発電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013012065A1 WO2013012065A1 PCT/JP2012/068465 JP2012068465W WO2013012065A1 WO 2013012065 A1 WO2013012065 A1 WO 2013012065A1 JP 2012068465 W JP2012068465 W JP 2012068465W WO 2013012065 A1 WO2013012065 A1 WO 2013012065A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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- the present invention relates to a thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric conversion power generator.
- Thermoelectric conversion elements are known as clean energy conversion elements that do not use petroleum or ozone, and in recent years, high efficiency, large area, and thinning are desired. For example, development of a power generation element (thermoelectric conversion power generation element) using the Seebeck effect and a cooling / heating element (Peltier element) using the Peltier effect is in progress.
- a power generation element thermoelectric conversion power generation element
- a cooling / heating element Peltier element
- FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the configuration of a conventional thermoelectric conversion element.
- a conventional thermoelectric conversion element 100 includes a plurality of opposed electrodes (metal electrodes) 120, 121, 180, a block body 130 made of an n-type thermoelectric conversion semiconductor disposed between the electrodes, and a p-type. It is comprised with the block body 131 which consists of a thermoelectric conversion semiconductor.
- the block bodies 130 and 131 are electrically connected to each other by an electrode 180 at one end (joint end) thereof, and an n-type thermoelectric conversion semiconductor block body and a p-type thermoelectric conversion semiconductor block body are connected in series.
- the block bodies 130 and 131 are connected to the electrodes 120 and 121 at the other end.
- the electrode 180 when the electrode 180 is set to a high temperature and the opposite electrodes 120 and 121 are set to a low temperature to provide a temperature difference therebetween, the heat energy is converted into electric energy by the Seebeck effect.
- the electrode 180 by applying a DC voltage between the electrode 180 and the electrodes 120 and 121 and causing a current to flow from the electrode 120 to the electrode 121 through the electrode 180, the electrode 180 becomes an endothermic electrode, and the electrodes 120 and 121.
- the electrodes 120 and 121 Works as a heat radiation working electrode, and electrical energy is converted into thermal energy by the Peltier effect.
- the electrode 180 is represented by the following equation (1).
- Q Q P -Q R -Q K (1)
- QR the block It is proportional to the body height L and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area S.
- Q K is proportional to the cross-sectional area S of the block body and inversely proportional to the height L.
- Q R becomes smaller as to increase the cross-sectional area S
- Q K becomes large. That is, if the material characteristics are determined, the relationship between the cross-sectional area S and the height L is uniquely determined as an element shape that draws out ideal thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- thermoelectric conversion material when a Bi-Te material is used as the thermoelectric conversion material, the cross-sectional area S (m 2 ) and the height L (m) of a block body (a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, etc.) of the Bi-Te material
- 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm square Assuming that the liquid crystal display panel is cooled using two block bodies made of n-type and p-type thermoelectric conversion semiconductors, the height L of the block body of the thermoelectric conversion element needs to be 80 cm or more. It becomes a thermoelectric conversion element lacking in properties.
- thermoelectric conversion element whose heat absorption area (cooling area) is expanded by modularization is practical. It has become.
- thermoelectric conversion element becomes high temperature and the member expands, while the heat absorption surface becomes low temperature and shrinks, for example, in the case of a thermoelectric conversion element in which the block body and the electrode are fixed with solder or the like, the fixing location is stress. May cause fatigue cracks. Since this tendency is shown as the area of the thermoelectric conversion element increases, the cooling area of the commercial Peltier module is about 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm.
- thermoelectric conversion element module in which a plurality of n-type semiconductors and a plurality of p-type semiconductors are arranged in a plane is installed between opposed carbon substrates, the carbon substrate is a highly thermally conductive carbon.
- a thermoelectric conversion element module made of a composite material has been developed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This thermoelectric conversion element module is superior in thermal conductivity compared to a substrate using a general carbon material, can suppress heat loss at the substrate, and can prevent cracks from occurring at the bonding surface between the substrate and the semiconductor.
- thermoelectric conversion element having a conventional element structure, and sufficient characteristics cannot be obtained as a thermoelectric conversion element.
- thermoelectric conversion element is a conventional module structure in which a large number of thermoelectric conversion elements are modularized, and the area cannot be increased sufficiently.
- thermoelectric conversion module including a large number of thermoelectric conversion element pairs in which a p-type thermoelectric conversion material and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material are linearly arranged, a high-temperature heat source is provided at the boundary between the p-type thermoelectric conversion material and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion modules have been developed in which an electrically insulating heat insulating material is disposed on the side surface of a thermoelectric conversion element in order to make the low temperature part opposite to the boundary part thermally cut off from the high temperature heat source (see, for example, a patent).
- Reference 2 the p-type thermoelectric material and the n-type thermoelectric material are arranged in a straight line, and heat conduction in the thermoelectric conversion material is not suppressed, so that sufficient characteristics as a thermoelectric conversion element cannot be obtained.
- the area cannot be increased sufficiently.
- thermoelectric conversion material a carbon material formed by combining graphene or fullerene and a carbon nanotube is used as a thermoelectric conversion material (see, for example, Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- thermoelectric conversion material By combining graphene and fullerene with carbon nanotubes, the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes can be reduced, thermoelectric conversion materials with high electrical conductivity can be formed, and thermoelectric conversion elements using these carbon materials as thermoelectric conversion materials are proposed Has been.
- carbon materials basically do not have high thermoelectric power, it is difficult to obtain sufficient performance with a thermoelectric conversion element that is simply used as a thermoelectric conversion material by improving the carbon material. Therefore, it becomes a structure which modularizes many thermoelectric conversion elements, and enlargement of an area is also difficult.
- thermoelectric conversion element In general, during operation of a thermoelectric conversion element, the amount of heat: Q K is high temperature action part (or heat generation action part) due to the temperature difference: ⁇ T between the high temperature action part (or heat generation action part) and the low temperature action part (or heat absorption action part). The heat conducts from the low temperature action part (or endothermic action part). And since ⁇ T becomes small, there is a problem that the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion element is lowered.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer is reduced, to increase the thermoelectric conversion material layer
- the size of the modularized thermoelectric conversion module is about 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm, and there is a problem that it cannot cope with a large area.
- the conventional thermoelectric conversion element has a structure in which the high-temperature part and the low-temperature part are arranged so as to overlap each other with substantially the same area, and the thermoelectric conversion element of this structure includes a high-temperature side electrode and a low-temperature side electrode. It is difficult to manufacture a thermoelectric conversion element having high thermoelectric conversion efficiency because it is opposed and has a short distance, and heat conduction from the high temperature side electrode to the low temperature side electrode is large. Also, under conditions where there is no temperature difference of about 10 ° C. in a room temperature room, the thermal energy transferred from the high temperature side electrode to the low temperature side electrode is stored in the low temperature side electrode, and there is no immediate temperature difference. Therefore, the present situation is that thermoelectric conversion power generation using a temperature difference cannot be performed in a room temperature room.
- thermoelectric conversion elements need to satisfy the three characteristics of high thermoelectric power, high electrical conductivity, and low thermal conductivity at the same time, but conventional thermoelectric conversion elements have been developed by giving these three characteristics to materials. It has progressed. However, since a material that satisfies the three characteristics can be obtained only at a pinpoint, it is difficult to develop a thermoelectric conversion element having excellent characteristics if the material has all three characteristics.
- thermoelectric conversion element having a very high thermoelectric conversion efficiency compared with conventional thermoelectric conversion elements, and having a large area and capable of generating electricity in a room temperature, and a thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus are provided. Is.
- thermoelectric conversion material portion or thermoelectric conversion material layer formed of a thermoelectric conversion material, and a charge transport portion or charge transport layer formed of a charge transport material having at least the electrical conductivity characteristics of a semiconductor and a metal
- thermoelectric conversion element including at least a thermoelectric conversion unit and including the thermoelectric conversion unit and an electrode.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation device formed by combining at least a thermoelectric conversion power generation element and a Peltier element.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus that radiates heat to a high-temperature acting part or an object to be a heat reservoir in contact with the high-temperature acting part and generates power by the thermoelectric conversion power generation element.
- the present invention realizes an element structure capable of simultaneously satisfying high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity by forming a charge transport portion or a charge transport layer in a thermoelectric conversion element. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion material used for the thermoelectric conversion element of this invention has the effect that only the thermoelectric power should just have the characteristic.
- the present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion element having a very high thermoelectric conversion efficiency as compared with conventional thermoelectric conversion elements. By using the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention, the area can be increased, It becomes possible to provide a thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric conversion power generation device that can generate power in space.
- thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the upper side figure, sectional drawing, and bottom view of the thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is the upper side figure, sectional drawing, and bottom view of the thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is the upper side figure, sectional drawing, and bottom view of the thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is the upper side figure, sectional drawing, and bottom view of the thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is the upper side figure, sectional drawing, and bottom view of the thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on Embodiment 6 of this invention.
- thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on Embodiment 7 of this invention. It is the top view, sectional drawing, and bottom view of the thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on Embodiment 8 of this invention. It is the upper side figure, sectional drawing, and bottom view of the thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on Embodiment 9 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the thermoelectric conversion electric power generating apparatus (apparatus provided with a some thermoelectric conversion element) which concerns on Embodiment 10 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the thermoelectric conversion electric power generating apparatus (apparatus provided with a some thermoelectric conversion element) which concerns on Embodiment 11 of this invention.
- thermoelectric conversion electric power generating apparatus apparatus provided with a some thermoelectric conversion element
- thermoelectric conversion electric power generating apparatus apparatus provided with a some thermoelectric conversion element
- thermoelectric conversion electric power generating apparatus apparatus provided with a some thermoelectric conversion element
- Embodiment 13 of this invention It is a perspective view for demonstrating the structure of the thermoelectric conversion element (Peltier element) applied to the thermoelectric conversion electric power generating apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 10 of this invention.
- thermoelectric conversion element (Peltier element) applied to the thermoelectric conversion electric power generating apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 12 of this invention.
- It is the top view of the thermoelectric conversion element which concerns on the conventional comparative form 1, sectional drawing, and a bottom view.
- thermoelectric conversion element generally has a structure having electrodes on the upper and lower portions of a thermoelectric conversion material.
- a DC voltage is applied between the electrodes and a current flows through the thermoelectric conversion material, heat is generated at one electrode, and at the other electrode.
- An exotherm occurs.
- heat is generated at the upper electrode, heat is generated at the lower electrode. If the direction of current is reversed, heat absorption and heat generation are also reversed.
- the former is referred to as an endothermic action part and the latter is referred to as an exothermic action part.
- thermoelectric conversion element when used as a power generation element, for example, when the upper electrode is set to a low temperature and the lower electrode is set to a high temperature, this thermoelectric conversion element uses the temperature difference to convert heat energy into electric energy to generate power. Because of this action, the former is also called a low temperature action part, and the latter is also called a high temperature action part.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes a thermoelectric conversion material portion or thermoelectric conversion material layer formed of a thermoelectric conversion material, and a charge transport portion or charge transport layer formed of a charge transport material having at least semiconductor and metal electric conduction characteristics.
- a thermoelectric conversion element that includes at least a thermoelectric conversion unit and includes the thermoelectric conversion unit and an electrode.
- the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is characterized by having a charge transport portion or a charge transport layer.
- Thermoelectric conversion elements need to satisfy the three characteristics of high thermoelectric power, high electrical conductivity, and low thermal conductivity at the same time. Conventional thermoelectric conversion elements have been developed by providing these materials with materials. It has advanced.
- thermoelectric conversion element having excellent characteristics by providing the material with all three characteristics.
- the present invention realizes an element structure capable of simultaneously satisfying high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity by forming a charge transport portion or a charge transport layer in a thermoelectric conversion element. It becomes possible to provide a thermoelectric conversion element having a very high thermoelectric conversion efficiency compared to the element.
- the present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric conversion power generation device that can increase the area and generate power in a room temperature.
- the thermoelectric conversion material used for the thermoelectric conversion element of this invention also has the effect that only the thermoelectric power should just have the characteristic.
- thermoelectric conversion material used for the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention may be a known thermoelectric conversion material, and the material is not particularly limited.
- the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention does not require both high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity for the thermoelectric conversion material, but only the thermoelectric power is required to be high.
- thermoelectric conversion material used for the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention for example, Bi-Te-based material, Bi-Se-based material, Sb-Te-based material, Pb-Te-based material, Ge-Te-based material, Bi -Sb materials, Zn-Sb materials, Co-Sb materials, Ag-Sb-Ge-Te materials, Si-Ge materials, Fe-Si materials, Mg-Si materials, Mn-Si materials , Fe-O materials, Zn-O materials, Cu-O materials, Al-O materials, Co-O materials, Ti-O materials, Pb-O materials, Na-Co-O materials And generally known thermoelectric conversion materials such as Ti-Sr-O-based materials and Bi-Sr-Co-O-based materials.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer formed of these thermoelectric conversion materials may be a plate-shaped thermoelectric conversion material obtained by cutting a sintered body produced by melting a predetermined raw material, or a well-known vapor deposition method. Alternatively, a layer formed by sputtering or CVD may be used. Alternatively, the thermoelectric conversion material layer may be formed by pasting the thermoelectric conversion material, coating and printing the paste by a printing method, and heating.
- the thickness of the thermoelectric conversion material layer is not particularly limited, but is about 0.1 to 10 mm.
- the conductive material used for the charge transporting portion or the charge transporting layer has at least a charge transporting material having the electrical conductivity characteristics of the semiconductor and the metal or the electrical conductivity characteristics of the semiconductor. It is necessary to have a charge transport material. Since the thermoelectric conversion material is generally a semiconductor, it has a band gap, so that the conduction band is at a certain energy level relative to the valence band. When the conductive material does not have a band gap like metal, and there is a conduction band immediately above the valence band, energy is released when carriers in the conduction band of the thermoelectric conversion material move to the conduction band of the conductive material. In fact, heat is generated.
- the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention cannot sufficiently exhibit the functions and effects of the present invention. Therefore, the charge transport material forming the charge transport portion or charge transport layer of the present invention needs to have a certain band gap, and carriers in the conduction band of the thermoelectric conversion material are transported by the charge transport material. It is essential that little energy is released or absorbed when moving to the band.
- the charge transport material may be a thermoelectric conversion element selected from the group consisting of graphite, crystalline graphite, and graphene.
- Graphite and crystalline graphite have semiconducting properties between layers, and show metallic conductivity in the layer plane.
- the contact between graphite and the thermoelectric conversion material does not generate the exothermic action caused by the contact between the metal and the thermoelectric conversion material. Therefore, the energy level of the conduction band consisting of the ⁇ * orbit of graphite as a whole and the Bi-Te It is considered that the energy level of the conduction band of the thermoelectric conversion material such as a system material is close, and energy is hardly released by the movement of carriers.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer and a graphite layer can be laminated and used.
- graphite has anisotropy with respect to conductivity
- a sheet made from natural graphite has an electric conductivity in the in-plane direction of about 2000 to 7000 (S / cm), and electric conductivity in the thickness direction.
- the graphite sheet having a rate of about 1 (S / cm), graphitized from a polymer sheet such as polyimide has an electrical conductivity in the in-plane direction of about 10,000 to 25000 (S / cm), and has an electric conductivity in the thickness direction.
- the conductivity is about 5 (S / cm).
- the electric conductivity of the thermoelectric conversion material is about 500 to 900 (S / cm).
- an effective charge transport layer or a different layer can be obtained by utilizing the high electric conductivity in the in-plane direction of the graphite. It can be used as an isotropic conductive material layer.
- Crystalline graphite and graphene are synthesized in the range of 1000 ° C. to 1500 ° C. by a vapor phase method using acetylene as a raw material. Generally, it is synthesized under a metal catalyst such as Ni or Co. However, in the present invention, decomposition and synthesis are performed in a gas phase without using a metal catalyst. It is preferable to form a layer in which crystalline graphite and graphene are mixed to be used for the thermoelectric conversion element.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is an anisotropic conductive material layer in which the charge transport layer has anisotropy with respect to conductivity, and the anisotropic conductive material layer has a thick electric conductivity in the in-plane direction. It may be a thermoelectric conversion element having characteristics larger than the electric conductivity in the vertical direction, and a thermoelectric conversion element having an electrode on a part of the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer of the present invention has a characteristic that the electric conductivity in the in-plane direction is larger than the electric conductivity in the thickness direction.
- the electrode placed in contact with the anisotropic conductive material or in the vicinity of the anisotropic conductive material can be disposed within the plane of the anisotropic conductive material. It becomes possible to arrange
- thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved. Further, a thermoelectric conversion element having a large area can be realized with one element without having a module structure as in the prior art.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a charge transport having electrical conductivity characteristics of a semiconductor selected from the group consisting of a thermoelectric conversion material portion or a thermoelectric conversion material layer formed of a thermoelectric conversion material, and an electron transport material and a hole transport material.
- a thermoelectric conversion element including at least a thermoelectric conversion portion having an anisotropic conductive material layer formed of a material and including the thermoelectric conversion portion and an electrode may be used.
- the electric conductivity of the charge transport material is 2000 (S) because the electric conductivity of the thermoelectric conversion material is about 500 to 900 (S / cm). / Cm) or more.
- a charge transport material having only electrical conductivity characteristics of a semiconductor it is difficult for a charge transport material having only electrical conductivity characteristics of a semiconductor to have an electric conductivity of 2000 (S / cm) or more, and it is difficult to use the charge transport material or the charge transport layer of the present invention.
- the charge transport material when used for the anisotropic conductive material layer, it can be effectively used if the electric conductivity of the charge transport material is 100 to 500 (S / cm). Therefore, in the present invention, a charge transport material having electrical conductivity characteristics of a semiconductor is used for the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- the electron transporting material for example, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzoquinone derivatives, naphthoquinone derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane derivatives, diphenoquinone derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, silole derivatives and the like are preferable.
- hole transport material examples include porphyrin derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole, poly-p-phenylene vinylene, polysilane, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkanes.
- pyrazoline derivatives pyrazolone derivatives
- phenylenediamine derivatives arylamine derivatives
- amine-substituted chalcone derivatives oxazole derivatives
- styrylanthracene derivatives fluorenone derivatives
- hydrazone derivatives stilbene derivatives
- hydrogenated amorphous silicon hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, zinc sulfide Zinc selenide is preferred.
- Graphite is generally used as the anisotropic conductive material layer, and the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention uses a layer formed of graphite as the anisotropic conductive material layer. Even if an anisotropic conductive material layer other than graphite is used, an anisotropic conductive material layer in which a coating layer (charge transport layer) of a highly conductive material is formed on the surface of a low conductive material layer (base material layer) may be used. Good. An anisotropic conductive material layer in which a coat layer of a highly conductive material is formed on the surface of a low conductive material layer also exhibits high electrical conductivity in the in-plane direction and low electrical conductivity in the thickness direction, similar to graphite. It has the characteristic which shows.
- the low conductive material layer can be formed by including a charge transporting material having electrical conductivity of a semiconductor in a binder resin such as polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin, polystyrene resin or the like.
- a binder resin such as polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin, polystyrene resin or the like.
- the first anisotropic conductive material layer included in the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion it is preferable to form the first base material layer by including an electron transport material as a charge transport material in the binder resin.
- the second anisotropic conductive material layer included in the conversion part it is preferable to form the second base material layer by including a hole transport material as a charge transport material in the binder resin.
- the electrical conductivity can be controlled by changing the content or material of the charge transport material in the binder resin.
- the electric conductivity of the low conductive material layer is preferably about 1 to 10 S / cm.
- general layer forming means such as a vapor deposition method and a coating method can be used.
- a binder resin or a charge transport material is dissolved or dispersed in a suitable organic solvent to prepare a coating solution for forming a low conductive material layer, and this coating solution is applied on the thermoelectric conversion material layer, It is formed by drying and removing the organic solvent.
- the thickness of the low conductive material layer can be controlled by adjusting the viscosity of the coating liquid for forming the low conductive material layer.
- the thickness of the low conductive material layer is not particularly specified, but is preferably in the range of about 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- a coating layer (charge transport layer) of a highly conductive material is formed on the surface of the low conductive material layer.
- the highly conductive material a charge transport material having electrical conductivity characteristics of a semiconductor can be used.
- a first charge transport layer is formed using an electron transport material for the first anisotropic conductive material layer included in the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion, and the second anisotropic conductive material included in the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion It is preferable to form a second charge transport layer using a hole transport material for the layer.
- general layer forming means such as a vapor deposition method, a laser ablation film formation method, and a coating method can be used.
- the thickness of the charge transport layer is not particularly defined, but is preferably in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, and the charge transport material coating layer preferably has an in-plane electrical conductivity of 100 S / cm or more. More preferably, it is 300 S / cm or more.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a thermoelectric conversion element having a thermoelectric conversion part in which at least a thermoelectric conversion material layer and an anisotropic conductive material layer are laminated, and the anisotropic conductive material layer of the thermoelectric conversion part is a laminated structure It may be a thermoelectric conversion element having an extended part protruding from the thermoelectric conversion element having an electrode in the extending part on the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes an n-type thermoelectric conversion portion and a p-type thermoelectric conversion portion in which at least a thermoelectric conversion material layer and an anisotropic conductive material layer are stacked, and the n-type in the stacking direction.
- a first electrode straddling the n-type and p-type thermoelectric converters and a second electrode and a third electrode above the n-type and p-type thermoelectric converters, respectively.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer of the n-type thermoelectric conversion part has an extension part that protrudes from the laminated structure, and the second electrode is provided in a part of the extension part of the n-type thermoelectric conversion part.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer of the type thermoelectric conversion part has an extension part protruding from the laminated structure, and the third electrode is a thermoelectric conversion element provided in a part of the extension part of the p-type thermoelectric conversion part. Also good.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer laminated with the thermoelectric conversion material layer of the thermoelectric conversion part has an area larger than the area in contact with the thermoelectric conversion material layer by utilizing the conductive anisotropy of the anisotropic conductive material layer. It becomes possible to constitute a thermoelectric conversion portion having an extending portion that is formed by laminating the anisotropic conductive material having the protrusion and protruding from the laminated structure.
- thermoelectric conversion element By disposing one electrode in this extending part, it becomes possible to separate the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part of the thermoelectric conversion element by three-dimensional arrangement, and the high temperature action part (heat generation action part) and the low temperature action part ( The amount of heat conducted between the endothermic action portions): Q K can be further suppressed, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved. Further, a thermoelectric conversion element having a large area can be realized with one element without having a module structure as in the prior art.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a thermoelectric conversion element having a thermoelectric conversion part composed of at least a lower thermoelectric conversion material layer, a lower charge transport layer, an upper charge transport layer, and an upper thermoelectric conversion material layer, and the lower charge of the thermoelectric conversion part
- thermoelectric conversion element having a structure in which the transport layer and the upper charge transport layer form one charge transport layer that is connected at a certain distance on the side surface of the thermoelectric conversion unit may be used.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes an n-type thermoelectric conversion portion and a p-type thermoelectric conversion portion in which at least a thermoelectric conversion material layer and a charge transport layer are stacked, and the n-type and p-type in the stacking direction.
- a thermoelectric conversion element comprising a first electrode straddling the n-type and p-type thermoelectric conversion units at the lower part of the thermoelectric conversion unit, and second and third electrodes at the upper part of the n-type and p-type thermoelectric conversion units, respectively.
- thermoelectric conversion part is a thermoelectric conversion part comprising at least a lower thermoelectric conversion material layer, a lower charge transport layer, an upper charge transport layer, and an upper thermoelectric conversion material layer, and the lower charge transport layer and the upper charge of the thermoelectric conversion part It may be a thermoelectric conversion element having a structure in which the transport layer forms one charge transport layer connected at a certain distance on the side surface of the thermoelectric conversion unit. In the thermoelectric conversion element having the above structure, the lower charge transport layer and the upper charge transport layer are connected to each other at a certain distance on the side surface of the thermoelectric conversion unit, so that an air layer is formed in the hollow portion.
- thermoelectric conversion element Using the conductivity and the high conductivity of the charge transport layer, the heat conduction portion and the electric conduction portion of the thermoelectric conversion element can be spatially separated.
- the amount of heat conducted between the high-temperature acting part and the low-temperature acting part: Q K can be suppressed and high electrical conductivity can be secured by the three-dimensional arrangement, so that high thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be realized. Further, a thermoelectric conversion element having a large area can be realized with one element without having a module structure as in the prior art.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention comprises a thermoelectric conversion part having at least a thermoelectric conversion material part or a thermoelectric conversion material layer and a charge transport part or a charge transport layer, and in the thermoelectric conversion element comprising the thermoelectric conversion part and an electrode,
- the thermoelectric conversion element which has a heat insulation layer in the thermoelectric conversion part may be sufficient.
- the heat insulating layer it is preferable to use a heat insulating material having a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W / (m ⁇ K) or less, preferably 0.3 W / (m ⁇ K) or less.
- the heat insulating material examples include silica, porous silica, glass, glass wool, rock wool, diatomaceous earth, phenol resin, melamine resin, silicon resin, and hollow particle-shaped inorganic particles.
- a commercially available heat insulating substrate obtained by hardening glass wool or rock wool with phenol resin or melamine resin may be used as it is.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes a thermoelectric conversion portion having a structure in which at least a lower thermoelectric conversion material layer, a lower charge transport layer, a heat insulating layer, an upper charge transport layer, and an upper thermoelectric conversion material layer are stacked in this order.
- the thermoelectric conversion element may be an element, and the lower charge transport layer and the upper charge transport layer of the thermoelectric conversion unit may be one charge transport layer connected at a side surface of the heat insulating layer.
- the thermoelectric conversion element having the above-described structure uses the low thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material layer and the high conductivity of the charge transport layer to separate the heat conductive portion and the electric conductive portion of the thermoelectric conversion element in a three-dimensional arrangement. It becomes possible.
- thermoelectric conversion element having a large area can be realized with one element without having a module structure as in the prior art.
- this element structure it is preferable to use a graphite sheet or the like as the charge transport material.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a thermoelectric conversion element having a thermoelectric conversion part having a structure in which at least a lower thermoelectric conversion material layer, a heat insulation layer, and an upper thermoelectric conversion material layer are laminated in this order, and the heat insulation of the thermoelectric conversion part
- the layer may have a through hole, and a thermoelectric conversion element that causes the heat insulating layer to function as a heat insulating layer and a charge transport portion by forming a charge transport material in the through hole.
- a thermoelectric conversion element in which a heat insulating material layer and a thermoelectric conversion material layer are laminated is manufactured through a process of forming a through hole in the heat insulating material substrate and filling the through hole with a thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion element By filling the through hole with a highly conductive charge transport material, high electrical conductivity is secured as a thermoelectric conversion element.
- the through hole may be formed mechanically by a drill or the like, or may be formed by laser light irradiation.
- As the charge transport material graphite, crystalline graphite, graphene, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, or the like can be used.
- the thermoelectric conversion element having the above structure has a three-dimensional arrangement of the heat conduction part and the electric conduction part of the thermoelectric conversion element by utilizing the low thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material layer and the high conductivity of the charge transport part or the charge transport layer. Can be separated from each other.
- the amount of heat conducted between the high-temperature acting part and the low-temperature acting part: Q K can be suppressed and high electrical conductivity can be secured by the three-dimensional arrangement, so that high thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be realized.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a thermoelectric conversion element having a thermoelectric conversion part having a structure in which at least a lower thermoelectric conversion material layer, a heat insulation layer, and an upper thermoelectric conversion material layer are laminated in this order, and the heat insulation of the thermoelectric conversion part
- the layer may be made of a porous material made of a heat insulating material, and may be a thermoelectric conversion element that causes the heat insulating layer to function as a heat insulating layer and a charge transport portion by forming a charge transport material in the pores of the porous material.
- the above-mentioned heat insulating material substrate, glass or the like is pulverized with a pulverizer such as a ball mill, or the like, or the porous silica particles, diatomaceous earth, hollow particle-shaped inorganic particles, etc.
- a pulverizer such as a ball mill, or the like
- an organic solvent and a binder are added and kneaded to form a paste.
- the paste is applied and printed on a release substrate such as a stainless steel plate, and the resin particles added to the paste are burned and disappeared by heating to form a porous heat insulation layer.
- a substrate is used.
- the resin particles particles such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyethylene can be used, but polymethyl methacrylate that disappears almost completely at 350 ° C. is preferable.
- hollow silica particles, hollow alumina particles, hollow titania particles and the like are known as hollow particle-shaped inorganic particles.
- the charge transport material graphite, crystalline graphite, graphene, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, or the like can be used. As described above, by filling the hole (porous material) with a highly conductive charge transporting material, high electrical conductivity is secured as a thermoelectric conversion element.
- thermoelectric conversion element having this structure uses the low thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material layer and the high conductivity of the charge transporting portion or the charge transporting layer to provide a three-dimensional arrangement of the heat conducting part and the electric conducting part of the thermoelectric conversion element. Can be separated from each other.
- the amount of heat conducted between the high-temperature acting part and the low-temperature acting part: Q K can be suppressed and high electrical conductivity can be secured by the three-dimensional arrangement, so that high thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be realized.
- the present invention is a thermoelectric conversion power generation device comprising a combination of at least a thermoelectric conversion power generation element and a Peltier element.
- the Peltier element absorbs heat at a low temperature action portion of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element, and the high temperature action portion of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element.
- it is a thermoelectric conversion power generation device that radiates heat to an object that is a heat reservoir in contact with the high-temperature acting portion and generates power with the thermoelectric conversion power generation element.
- the present invention has a thermoelectric conversion portion in which at least a thermoelectric conversion material layer and an anisotropic conductive material layer are laminated as the Peltier element, and the anisotropic conductive material layer has an extended portion protruding from the laminated structure.
- thermoelectric conversion element having at least a thermoelectric conversion material part or a thermoelectric conversion material layer and a charge transporting part or a charge transporting layer as the thermoelectric conversion power generation element, and comprising the thermoelectric conversion part and an electrode. It may be a thermoelectric conversion power generation device that uses a conversion element.
- the low temperature action part is a thermoelectric conversion part near the low temperature side electrode or near the low temperature side electrode of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element
- the high temperature action part is a thermoelectric conversion part near the high temperature side electrode or near the high temperature side electrode of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element. Point to.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer of the present invention at least the thermoelectric conversion material layer of the present invention and an anisotropic conductive material layer are laminated, and the anisotropic conductive material layer has an extended portion that protrudes from the laminated structure, and an electrode is provided at the extended portion.
- thermoelectric conversion element having the above, it becomes possible to easily realize the operation of the thermoelectric conversion power generator.
- thermoelectric conversion element used in the above-described thermoelectric conversion power generator realizes an element structure that can simultaneously satisfy high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity by forming a charge transport layer on the thermoelectric conversion element. It is a thing.
- lower thermal conductivity can be realized by using a heat insulating layer. Therefore, it becomes possible to provide a thermoelectric conversion element having a very high thermoelectric conversion efficiency as compared with conventional thermoelectric conversion elements, and high thermoelectric power generation efficiency can be realized.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus of the present invention can easily dissipate heat to the high temperature action part of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element while absorbing heat from the low temperature action part of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element by using the Peltier element of the present invention, A stable temperature difference can be ensured between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element.
- the amount of heat that has been conducted from the high temperature action part to the low temperature action part: Q K is accumulated in the low temperature action part and immediately becomes low. Since the temperature difference between the working parts disappears, it is difficult to perform thermoelectric conversion power generation using the temperature difference in a room temperature room temperature.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation device of the present invention thermoelectric conversion power generation device of the present invention, the amount of heat has been conducted to the cold working portion: since the Q K can'll again returned to the high temperature working portion, cold space Therefore, even if a small temperature difference is generated, it is possible to reliably generate power using the temperature difference without any loss.
- thermoelectric conversion element In the conventional thermoelectric conversion element, it was not possible to increase the area of the thermoelectric conversion element in consideration of the amount of heat of equation (1): Q K that conducts heat from the high temperature action part to the low temperature action part.
- Q K that conducts heat from the high temperature action part to the low temperature action part.
- the temperature difference between the high temperature action portion and the low temperature action portion can be reliably maintained, so that the area of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element can be increased. Therefore, even in a situation where there is no temperature difference of about 10 ° C. in a room temperature, thermoelectric power generation with high output becomes possible by increasing the area.
- thermoelectric conversion element according to each embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a thermoelectric conversion element 1A according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- (1) is a top view
- (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in the top view
- (3) is a bottom view.
- a thermoelectric conversion element 1A according to Embodiment 1 includes a conductive substrate 2 (first electrode) and electrodes 8A and 8B (second or third) disposed substantially parallel to the conductive substrate 2.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1A of the present embodiment includes a conductive substrate 2 (first electrode), n-type and p-type thermoelectric conversion portions 1N and 1P formed on the conductive substrate 2, and an n-type.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P is laminated on the conductive substrate 2 in the order of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P and the second anisotropic conductive material layer 5B.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 6N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 6P are arranged apart from each other with the insulating layer 9 (insulator) interposed therebetween.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1A p-type and n-type thermoelectric conversion portions 1P and 1N are connected in series via the conductive substrate 2, and the second electrode 8A and the third electrode 8B are connected to both ends thereof.
- a DC voltage is applied between the two electrodes 8A and the third electrode 8B and a current flows from the second electrode 8A through the conductive substrate 2 to the third electrode 8B, the second and third electrodes 8A, Heat is generated on the 8B side and heat is absorbed on the conductive substrate 2 side (if the direction of current is reversed, heat generation and heat absorption are also reversed).
- the former is referred to as an exothermic action part and the latter is referred to as an endothermic action part.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1A uses the temperature difference to generate thermal energy. From this action, the former is also called a low temperature action part and the latter is also called a high temperature action part.
- the conductive substrate (first electrode) 2 and the second and third electrodes 8A and 8B are made of an aluminum substrate. These may be formed of a material having sufficient conductivity so as to function as an electrode, and may be formed of, for example, copper, silver, platinum or the like in addition to aluminum. In addition, since the conductive substrate 2 and the first and second electrodes 8A and 8B function as a heat absorption part or a heat generation part in the thermoelectric conversion element, they are formed of a material having excellent thermal conductivity.
- the conductive substrate 2 has a thickness of about 0.2 to 1.0 mm, and the second and third electrodes 8A, 8B is formed with a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P are not particularly limited as long as they are well-known thermoelectric conversion materials, but Bi-Te materials are preferable at 500K or less.
- the Bi-Te-based material as an n-type semiconductor material, there are Bi 2 Te 3 and Bi and Te Bi 2 Te 3-X Se X plus Se to like, as the material of the p-type semiconductor, Bi 2 Te 3 and Bi 2 -X Sb X Te 3 in which Sb is added to Bi and Te, etc.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P are preferably formed of these materials. preferable.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1A of the first embodiment a Bi-Te-based material is used.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N is formed of a Bi 2 Te 3-X Se X material, and a p-type thermoelectric conversion is performed.
- the material layer 3P is formed of a material of Bi 2-X Sb X Te 3 .
- These thermoelectric conversion material layers may be plate-like thermoelectric conversion materials obtained by cutting a sintered body, or may be layers formed by a well-known vapor deposition method, sputtering method, or CVD method. .
- the thermoelectric conversion material layer may be formed by pasting the thermoelectric conversion material, printing the paste by a screen printing method, a doctor blade method, or the like and heating.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P are formed using a substrate cut out from a sintered body of Bi-Te-based material.
- a sintered body of Bi-Te-based material For example, powder raw materials of Bi, Te, and other additives are mixed and melted, and the base material formed after melting is pulverized to obtain a powdered Bi-Te material raw material.
- a Bi-Te material sintered body is manufactured from the Bi-Te material raw material using the zone melt method, and the sintered body is cut into an arbitrary size to produce a substrate, and n-type thermoelectric conversion is performed.
- a material layer or a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer is used.
- the produced Bi-Te material substrate is formed with a layer thickness of, for example, about 10 mm.
- anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B As the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B, a graphite sheet or a low conductive material layer coated with a high conductive material is used.
- the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B are graphite sheets.
- the graphite sheet a commercially available graphite sheet having a thickness of about 50 to 300 ⁇ m is used, and the graphite sheet is adhered to a Bi-Te-based material substrate.
- a Bi-Te material having the same composition as that of the substrate is deposited on the adhesion surface of the graphite sheet to form a Bi-Te material layer, and then the Bi-Te material is coated on the Bi-Te material substrate.
- -Adhesion is performed by bringing the surface on which the layer of Te-based material is formed into close contact and thermocompression bonding.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 6N composed of the n-type Bi-Te-based material layer and the graphite layer. Then, a p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 6P made of a p-type Bi—Te-based material layer and a graphite layer is produced.
- first and second anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B are formed by forming a high conductive material coat layer on the surface of the low conductive material layer will be described.
- the low conductive material layer is obtained by adding a conductive material to the binder resin so that the electric conductivity is about 1 to 10 S / cm.
- a conductive material it is preferable to use an electron transport material for the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N and a hole-transport material for the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P.
- a polycarbonate resin is used as the binder resin, and as a charge transport material to be contained in the resin, a diphenoquinone compound (Chemical Formula 1) is used as an electron transport material, and a hyzolazone compound (Chemical Formula) is used as a hole transport material. 2) is used.
- the low-conductivity material layer is formed with the goal of having a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m and an electrical conductivity of about 5 S / cm.
- a coating layer of a high conductive material is formed on the surface of the formed low conductive material layer.
- the conductive material it is preferable to use an electron transport material for the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N and a hole-transport material for the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P.
- Alq3 aluminato-tris-8B- ydoroxyquinolate: Chemical Formula 3
- NPP N, N-di (naphthalene-1-yl) -N, N-
- the coating layer of the highly conductive material is formed by a vapor deposition method.
- the thickness of the coat layer is about 300 nm, and the in-plane electrical conductivity is formed to be 300 S / cm or more.
- the above process is performed for each of the n-type Bi-Te-based material substrate and the p-type Bi-Te-based material substrate, and the n-type Bi-Te-based material layer 3N and the first anisotropic conductive material layer 5A.
- An n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N made of p-type, and a p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P made of a p-type Bi—Te-based material layer 3P and a second anisotropic conductive material layer 5B are produced.
- An Al substrate is used for the conductive substrate and the electrode, and adhesion between the Al substrate and the thermoelectric conversion material layer or the anisotropic conductive material layer is performed by printing a silver paste on the electrode forming portion of each layer and heating. Solder is placed on the silver paste to solder the Al substrate. It is also possible to use a method in which an Al substrate is thermocompression bonded to a thermoelectric conversion material layer, Al vapor deposition, or a conductive adhesive.
- the second electrode 8A is provided in a part on the first anisotropic conductive material layer 5A
- the third electrode 8B is provided in a part on the second anisotropic conductive material layer 5B.
- the insulating layer 9 is a glass wool plate in this embodiment.
- this insulating layer 9 is a layer for electrically insulating the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P, it can be appropriately formed of a known insulating material in consideration of necessary insulation. Good.
- Al paste was applied to the bonding surface of the glass wool plate, and the bonding surface was brought into close contact with the Al substrate and heated.
- thermoelectric conversion element (FIG. 1) is manufactured through the above steps.
- the area of the electrodes 8A and 8B is reduced, and the conductive substrate 2 and the electrodes 8A and 8A are reduced.
- a portion where 8B does not overlap in a planar arrangement viewed from above can be formed.
- the heat conduction from the heat generating action part (area of the electrodes 8A and 8B) to the heat absorbing action part (area of the conductive substrate 2) is suppressed in a three-dimensional configuration. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion element 1A of the present embodiment can realize high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 2 is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a thermoelectric conversion element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- (1) is a top view
- (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the top view
- (3) is a bottom view.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1 ⁇ / b> B given as an example of electrode arrangement includes an n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1 ⁇ / b> N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1 ⁇ / b> P similar to the thermoelectric conversion element 1 ⁇ / b> A according to the first embodiment.
- the arrangement of the conductive substrate 2 and the electrodes 8A and 8B is different, and the conductive substrate 2 and the electrodes 8A and 8B are separated from each other without overlapping each other in a planar arrangement as viewed from above.
- an anisotropic conductive material a graphite sheet having a shape having an extended portion that protrudes from the laminated structure longer than the thermoelectric conversion material layer is used.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P are provided with anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B having extending portions, and electrodes 8A and 8B are provided on the extending portions and upper portions of the anisotropic conductive material layer. Is placed.
- the first anisotropic conductive material layer 5A includes a first main surface in contact with the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and a second main surface on the side facing it. Have.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N is provided in a part below the first main surface, and the first main surface has a surface on which the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer is not provided.
- the portion of the first anisotropic conductive material layer 5A having this surface is referred to as an extending portion.
- the second electrode 8 ⁇ / b> A is provided in the extending portion on the second main surface. As shown in FIG.
- the second anisotropic conductive material layer 5B includes a third main surface in contact with the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P and a fourth main surface on the side facing it. And have.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P is provided in a part below the third main surface, and the third main surface has a surface on which the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer is not provided.
- the portion of the second anisotropic conductive material layer 5B having this surface is called an extending portion.
- the third electrode 8 ⁇ / b> B is provided in the extending portion on the fourth main surface.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer has characteristics that exhibit high electrical conductivity in the layer (ab surface) ab surface and low electrical conductivity in the thickness (c-axis) direction.
- the second or third electrodes 8A and 8B can be formed on the extending portions of the isotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B. As a result, the area of the electrodes 8A and 8B can be reduced, and the conductive substrate 2 and the electrodes 8A and 8B can be formed so as not to overlap each other when viewed from above. ) To the heat absorbing action part (region of the conductive substrate 2) is suppressed by the three-dimensional configuration. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion element 1B of the present embodiment can realize high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the effect of the thermoelectric conversion part in the example of FIG. 2 is the same as that of the thermoelectric conversion element 1A of Embodiment 1, and the manufacturing method is also substantially the same.
- FIG. 3 is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a thermoelectric conversion element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1C has substantially the same element structure as the thermoelectric conversion element 1B according to the second embodiment, and the surface of the anisotropic conductive material layer on which the electrodes 8A and 8B are arranged. Are different, and the electrodes 8A and 8B are disposed on the extending portion and the lower portion of the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1C in the thermoelectric conversion element 1C, the first anisotropic conductive material layer 5A on the side in contact with the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N is arranged. 8 A of 2nd electrodes are provided in the extension part under 1 main surface.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1C in the thermoelectric conversion element 1C, the extension portion below the third main surface on the side in contact with the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P of the second anisotropic conductive material layer 5B.
- a third electrode 8B is provided.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1C When the electrical conductivity in the layer surface of the anisotropic conductive material layer is one digit or more higher than the electrical conductivity of the thermoelectric conversion material layer, it depends on the size of the area of the main surface of the thermoelectric conversion material layer, The element structure of the thermoelectric conversion element 1C can be realized.
- the electrical conductivity of the Bi-Te based thermoelectric conversion material is about 1000 (S / cm). If the electrical conductivity of the thermoelectric conversion element 1C is 10,000 (S / cm) or more, the element structure of the thermoelectric conversion element 1C may be adopted.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1C When a graphite sheet is used for the anisotropic conductive material layer, the sheet produced from natural graphite has an electric conductivity in the in-plane direction of about 2000 to 5000 (S / cm), and the electric conductivity of the Bi-Te thermoelectric conversion material It is difficult to adopt the element structure of the thermoelectric conversion element 1C because there is no significant difference compared to the conductivity.
- a PGS graphite sheet obtained by graphitizing a polymer sheet such as polyimide has an electric conductivity in the in-plane direction of about 10,000 to 25000 (S / cm), and the element structure of the thermoelectric conversion element 1C can be adopted.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer the higher the electric conductivity in the layer surface of the anisotropic conductive material layer, compared to the electric conductivity in the layer surface of the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- the area of the main surface of the thermoelectric conversion material layer is too large, a region in which no voltage is applied to the entire thermoelectric conversion material layer and carriers cannot move is generated, which may cause deterioration in thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the element structure of the thermoelectric conversion element 1C according to the present embodiment has an effect that the current does not need to flow through the thickness of the anisotropic conductive material and the loss can be reduced compared to the element structure of the thermoelectric conversion element 1B. Also in the present embodiment, the area of the electrodes 8A and 8B can be reduced, and the conductive substrate 2 and the electrodes 8A and 8B can be formed so as not to overlap each other when viewed from the upper surface. Heat conduction from the region 8A, 8B) to the endothermic action part (region of the conductive substrate 2) is suppressed by the three-dimensional arrangement. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion element 1 ⁇ / b> C of the present embodiment can realize high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1D is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a thermoelectric conversion element according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- (1) is a top view
- (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the top view
- (3) is a bottom view.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1 ⁇ / b> D according to the present embodiment includes a conductive substrate 2 (first electrode), an n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1 ⁇ / b> N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit formed on the conductive substrate 2.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 1P and an electrode 8A formed on the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and an electrode 8B (second and third electrodes) formed on the p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P are arranged apart from each other with the insulating layer 9 (insulator) interposed therebetween.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is formed on the conductive substrate 2 in the order of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the lower charge transport layer 5C, the cavity (air layer), the upper charge transport layer 5C, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N.
- the lower charge transport layer 5 ⁇ / b> C and the upper charge transport layer 5 ⁇ / b> C are one layer connected on the side surface of the insulating layer 9 and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P is formed on the conductive substrate 2 in the order of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the lower charge transport layer 5D, the cavity (air layer), the upper charge transport layer 5D, and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P.
- the lower charge transport layer 5D and the upper charge transport layer 5D are one layer connected at the side surface of the insulating layer 9, and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact.
- the charge transport layers 5C and 5D use graphite sheets.
- a coating layer of a charge transport material can be used.
- the sheet produced from natural graphite has an electric conductivity in the in-plane direction of about 2000 to 5000 (S / cm), and PGS obtained by graphitizing a polymer sheet such as polyimide.
- the graphite sheet has an electrical conductivity in the in-plane direction of about 10,000 to 25000 (S / cm), and it is preferable to use a PGS graphite sheet obtained by graphitizing a polymer sheet such as polyimide.
- the thickness of the graphite sheet is not particularly limited, but a graphite sheet having a thickness of about 50 to 300 ⁇ m is used, and the graphite sheet is bonded to a Bi-Te based material substrate.
- a Bi-Te material paste having the same composition as the substrate is printed on the adhesion surface of the graphite sheet to form a Bi-Te material layer, and then the Bi-Te material substrate is coated with graphite. Bonding is performed by bringing the Bi-Te-based material layer of the sheet into close contact and thermocompression bonding.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1D of the present embodiment a hollow portion (air layer) is formed, and heat conduction from the high temperature action portion (region of the electrodes 8A and 8B) to the low temperature action portion (region of the conductive substrate 2). Is suppressed by the hollow portion (air layer).
- the lower charge transport layers 5C and 5D and the upper charge transport layers 5C and 5D are one layer connected on the side surface of the insulating layer 9, and sufficient electric conductivity is secured by the charge transport layers 5C and 5D.
- the heat conduction part and the electric conduction part of the thermoelectric conversion element can be three-dimensionally separated by utilizing the hollow part (air layer) and the charge transport layer, so that high electric conductivity and low heat conduction can be achieved. Sex can be secured. As a result, the thermoelectric conversion element 1D can realize high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 5 is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a thermoelectric conversion element according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- (1) is a top view
- (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the top view
- (3) is a bottom view.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1E according to the present embodiment includes a conductive substrate 2 (first electrode), an n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit formed on the conductive substrate 2.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 1P and an electrode 8A formed on the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and an electrode 8B (second and third electrodes) formed on the P-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P are arranged apart from each other with the insulating layer 9 (insulator) interposed therebetween.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is laminated on the conductive substrate 2 in the order of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the lower charge transport layer 5C, the heat insulating layer 4A, the upper charge transport layer 5C, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N.
- the lower charge transport layer 5C and the upper charge transport layer 5C are one layer connected at the side surface of the heat insulating layer 4A and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P is laminated on the conductive substrate 2 in the order of the P-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the lower charge transport layer 5D, the heat insulating layer 4B, the upper charge transport layer 5D, and the P-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P.
- the lower charge transport layer 5D and the upper charge transport layer 5D are one layer connected on the side surface of the heat insulating layer 4B, and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact.
- the charge transport layers 5C and 5D use graphite sheets.
- the graphite sheet it is preferable to use a graphite sheet having a thickness of 50 to 300 ⁇ m obtained by graphitizing a polymer sheet such as polyimide.
- the Bi-Te-based material is bonded to the substrate by printing a Bi-Te-based material paste having the same composition as the substrate on the surface of the graphite sheet, and then forming the Bi-Te-based material layer.
- the surface of the graphite sheet with the Bi-Te material layer formed thereon is brought into close contact with the -Te material substrate, and is bonded by thermocompression bonding.
- Specific materials used for the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B include silica, porous silica, glass, glass wool, rock wool, diatomaceous earth, phenol resin, melamine resin, silicon resin, or inorganic having a hollow particle shape. Particles and the like. You may use the heat insulation board
- the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B are formed, and heat conduction from the high temperature action part (the area of the electrodes 8A and 8B) to the low temperature action part (the area of the conductive substrate 2) is performed. It is suppressed by the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B. Further, the lower charge transport layers 5C and 5D and the upper charge transport layers 5C and 5D are one layer connected to the side surfaces of the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B, respectively, and sufficient electric conductivity is secured by the charge transport layers 5C and 5D. .
- thermoelectric conversion element 1E the heat conduction portion and the electric conduction portion of the thermoelectric conversion element can be three-dimensionally separated by utilizing the heat insulating layer and the charge transport layer, and high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity are ensured. be able to. As a result, the thermoelectric conversion element 1E can realize high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1F is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a thermoelectric conversion element according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. 6, (1) is a top view, (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the top view, and (3) is a bottom view.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1F according to the present embodiment includes a conductive substrate 2 (first electrode), an n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit formed on the conductive substrate 2.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N includes an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, a lower charge transport layer 5C, a heat insulating layer 4A, an upper charge transport layer 5C, an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, and a first anisotropic conductive material layer 5A.
- the lower charge transport layer 5C and the upper charge transport layer 5C are one layer connected on the side surface of the heat insulating layer 4A and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the laminated portion, and the electrode 8A is disposed on the extending portion of the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P includes a P-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, a lower charge transport layer 5D, a heat insulating layer 4B, an upper charge transport layer 5D, a P-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P, and a second anisotropic conductive material layer 5B.
- the lower charge transport layer 5D and the upper charge transport layer 5D are one layer connected on the side surface of the heat insulating layer 4B, and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact with each other.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the laminated portion, and the electrode 8B is disposed on the extending portion of the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B.
- the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B and the charge transport layers 5C and 5D use graphite sheets.
- the graphite sheet it is preferable to use a PGS graphite sheet having a thickness of 50 to 300 ⁇ m obtained by graphitizing a polymer sheet such as polyimide.
- the Bi-Te-based material is bonded to the substrate by printing a Bi-Te-based material paste having the same composition as the substrate on the surface of the graphite sheet, and then forming the Bi-Te-based material layer.
- the surface of the graphite sheet with the Bi-Te material layer formed thereon is brought into close contact with the -Te material substrate, and is bonded by thermocompression bonding.
- the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B are formed, and heat conduction from the high temperature action part (the area of the electrodes 8A and 8B) to the low temperature action part (the area of the conductive substrate 2) is performed. It is suppressed by the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B. Further, the lower charge transport layers 5C and 5D and the upper charge transport layers 5C and 5D are one layer connected to the side surfaces of the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B, respectively, and high electrical conductivity is ensured by the charge transport layers 5C and 5D.
- thermoelectric conversion element the heat conduction portion and the electric conduction portion of the thermoelectric conversion element can be three-dimensionally separated by utilizing the heat insulating layer and the charge transport layer, and high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity are ensured. be able to.
- the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B are formed, the areas of the electrodes 8A and 8B are reduced, and the conductive substrate 2 and the electrodes 8A and 8B are arranged with respect to each other when viewed from above. It can form so that it may not overlap, and heat conduction from a heat generating action part (area of electrodes 8A and 8B) to a heat absorption action part (area of conductive substrate 2) will be controlled by three-dimensional arrangement. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion element 1F of the present embodiment can realize high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1G is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a thermoelectric conversion element according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. 7, (1) is a top view, (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the top view, and (3) is a bottom view.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1G according to the seventh embodiment includes a conductive substrate 2 (first electrode), an n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit formed on the conductive substrate 2.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, a heat insulation layer 4A, and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N in this order.
- the P-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P is laminated on the conductive substrate 2 in this order.
- a through hole 7A is formed in the heat insulating layer 4A, and a through hole 7B is formed in the heat insulating layer 4B.
- Specific materials used for the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B include silica, porous silica, glass, glass wool, rock wool, diatomaceous earth, phenol resin, melamine resin, silicon resin, or inorganic having a hollow particle shape. Particles and the like. You may use the heat insulation board
- the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B are formed using the heat insulating material substrate. Through holes 7A and 7B penetrating these layers are formed in the heat insulating material substrate.
- the through-holes 7A and 7B are formed uniformly over the entire heat insulating layers 4A and 4B (a plurality of layers are formed in each layer).
- the through-holes may be formed mechanically with a drill or the like, or a laser beam. Through holes may be formed by irradiation.
- the size of the through holes 7A and 7B is, for example, a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 2 mm with respect to the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B having a thickness of 10 mm, and the planar distribution thereof is about 100 mm 2 in area.
- the ratio is one.
- the shape may be, for example, a cylindrical shape or a square shape.
- the inside of the through hole is filled with the charge transport material described above. Filling with a highly conductive charge transport material ensures electrical contact between the N-type semiconductor layers 3N and 6N and the P-type semiconductor layers 3P and 6P stacked so as to sandwich the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B.
- high electrical conductivity can be realized as the thermoelectric conversion element.
- the charge transport material graphite, crystalline graphite, graphene, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, or the like can be used.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1G of the present embodiment is manufactured by laminating the heat insulating material substrate having a through hole coated with the charge transport material corresponding to the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B and the substrate of the thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1G of the present embodiment the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B are formed, and heat conduction from the high temperature action part (the area of the electrodes 8A and 8B) to the low temperature action part (the area of the conductive substrate 2) is performed. It is suppressed by the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B. Further, through holes 7A and 7B are formed in the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B, and the inside of the through holes is filled with a highly conductive charge transport material, so that high electrical conductivity is ensured as a thermoelectric conversion element. can do.
- thermoelectric conversion element the heat insulating layer can act as a heat insulating layer and a charge transporting portion, and high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity can be realized. As a result, the thermoelectric conversion element 1G exhibits high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1H is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a thermoelectric conversion element according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- (1) is a top view
- (2) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the top view
- (3) is a bottom view.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1H according to the eighth embodiment includes a conductive substrate 2 (first electrode), an n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit formed on the conductive substrate 2.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 1P and an electrode 8A formed on the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and an electrode 8B (second and third electrodes) formed on the p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P are arranged apart from each other with the insulating layer 9 (insulator) interposed therebetween.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is laminated on the conductive substrate 2 in the order of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the heat insulating layer 4A, the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, and the first anisotropic conductive material layer 5A.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the laminated portion, and the electrode 8A is disposed on the extending portion of the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P is laminated on the conductive substrate 2 in the order of the P-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the heat insulating layer 4B, the P-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P, and the second anisotropic conductive material layer 5B.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the laminated portion, and the electrode 8B is disposed on the extending portion of the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B. Further, a through hole 7A is formed in the heat insulating layer 4A, and a through hole 7B is formed in the heat insulating layer 4B.
- the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B are formed using the heat insulating material substrate.
- the through holes 7A and 7B are as described in the seventh embodiment.
- layers of crystalline graphite and graphene which are decomposed and synthesized without using a metal catalyst in the range of 1000 ° C. to 1500 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material, are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the heat insulating material substrate. And coat the inside of the through hole.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1H of the present embodiment is manufactured by laminating the heat insulating material substrate having a through hole coated with the charge transport material corresponding to the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B and the substrate of the thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1H of the present embodiment the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B are formed, and heat conduction from the high temperature action part (the area of the electrodes 8A and 8B) to the low temperature action part (the area of the conductive substrate 2) is performed. It is suppressed by the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B. Further, through holes 7A and 7B are formed in the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B, and the inside of the through holes is filled with a highly conductive charge transport material, so that high electrical conductivity is ensured as a thermoelectric conversion element. can do.
- the heat insulating layer can act as a heat insulating layer and a charge transporting portion, and high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity can be realized.
- the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B are formed, the areas of the electrodes 8A and 8B are reduced, and the conductive substrate 2 and the electrodes 8A and 8B are arranged with respect to each other when viewed from above. It can form so that it may not overlap, and heat conduction from a heat generating action part (area of electrodes 8A and 8B) to a heat absorption action part (area of conductive substrate 2) will be controlled by three-dimensional arrangement. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion element 1H of the present embodiment can realize high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 9 is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a thermoelectric conversion element according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- (1) is a top view
- (2) is a cross-sectional view along the line AA in the top view
- (3) is a bottom view.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1I according to the present embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the thermoelectric conversion element 1G according to the seventh embodiment, but the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B of the thermoelectric conversion element 1G are thermoelectric conversion elements.
- the heat insulating layers 4C and 4D are formed of a porous heat insulating material. The difference is that the through holes 7A and 7B are not formed in the heat insulating layers 4C and 4D.
- the heat insulating layers 4C and 4D made of a porous material are prepared by mixing a heat insulating material and resin particles, printing on a release substrate made of stainless steel, and then heating to cause the resin particles to burn off and peel from the release substrate.
- a heat insulating material substrate corresponding to the heat insulating layers 4C and 4D is formed.
- a heat insulating material powder (average particle size: about 10 ⁇ m) obtained by pulverizing a glass wool substrate and polymethyl methacrylate (average particle size: about 10 ⁇ m, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) are mixed, and then kneaded by adding an organic solvent for heat insulation.
- a layer forming paste 1 was prepared.
- the composition of the heat insulation layer forming paste 1 is shown below.
- a heat insulating layer forming paste 1 is applied and printed on a release substrate made of stainless steel, and heated at 400 ° C. to burn off the polymethyl methacrylate particles to form a porous heat insulating material substrate.
- the porous heat insulating material substrate corresponding to the heat insulating layers 4C and 4D was formed to have a thickness of about 10 mm.
- a charge transport material is filled in the pores of the porous heat insulating material substrate.
- the charge transport material graphite, crystalline graphite, graphene, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, or the like can be used.
- a layer of mixed crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized without using a metal catalyst in the range of 1000 ° C. to 1500 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the heat insulating material substrate, and Coat inside the hole.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1I of this embodiment is manufactured by laminating the porous heat insulating material substrate coated with the charge transport material corresponding to the heat insulating layers 4C and 4D and the substrate of the thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1I of the present embodiment porous heat insulating layers 4C and 4D are formed, and from the high temperature action part (area of the electrodes 8A and 8B) to the low temperature action part (area of the conductive substrate 2). Thermal conduction is suppressed by the heat insulating layers 4C and 4D.
- the hole portions of the heat insulating layers 4C and 4D are filled with a highly conductive charge transport material, high electrical conductivity can be secured as a thermoelectric conversion element.
- the heat insulating layer can act as a heat insulating layer and a charge transporting portion, and high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity can be realized. As a result, the thermoelectric conversion element 1I exhibits high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 16 is a top view, a cross-sectional view, and a bottom view of a conventional thermoelectric conversion element according to Comparative Embodiment 1.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1 ⁇ / b> Q according to the comparative example 1 includes an N-type thermoelectric element including a conductive substrate 2 (first electrode) and an N-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3 ⁇ / b> N formed on the conductive substrate 2.
- thermoelectric conversion unit 1N A conversion unit 1N, a P-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P made of a P-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, an electrode 8A formed on the N-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N, and an electrode 8B formed on the P-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P ( Second and third electrodes). Further, the N-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and the P-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P are arranged apart from each other with the insulating layer 9 (insulator) interposed therebetween.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1Q is a thermoelectric conversion element having a conventional element structure and does not have a charge transport layer.
- thermoelectric conversion elements of Embodiments 1 to 9 described above are not only used alone, but may be used in a plurality.
- a thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus may be configured by combining a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus (an apparatus including a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements) according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1J according to the present embodiment includes a thermoelectric conversion element 1Q having a conventional element structure, and further thermoelectric conversion elements 10A and 10B.
- the thermoelectric conversion element 1Q is a thermoelectric conversion power generation element that contributes to power generation
- the thermoelectric conversion elements 10A and 10B are Peltier elements for efficiently generating the thermoelectric conversion element 1Q.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1 ⁇ / b> Q is a thermoelectric conversion power generation element having the conventional element structure described in the first comparative example.
- An n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P are arranged below the conductive substrate 2 serving as the first electrode with an insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion are arranged.
- a second electrode 8A and a third electrode 8B are formed below the portion 1P.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N consists of only the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P consists of only the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P.
- the conductive substrate 2 functions as a high temperature action part
- the second and third electrodes 8A and 8B function as a low temperature action part, and generates power using the temperature difference between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation device 1J has a configuration in which the second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 10A and 10B are disposed in contact with the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q.
- the second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 10A and 10B are thermoelectric conversion elements having the same structure as the thermoelectric conversion element 1B (FIG. 2) of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the second thermoelectric conversion element 10A.
- the electrodes 10AL and 10BL in FIG. 10 correspond to the conductive substrate 2 of the thermoelectric conversion element 1B in FIG. 2 and are arranged in contact with the electrodes 8A and 8B of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer and an anisotropic conductive material layer are sequentially laminated below the electrodes 10AL and 10BL.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer has extended portions 10AG and 10BG that are not in contact with the thermoelectric conversion material layer and protrude from the laminated structure, and the extended portions 10AG and 10BG extend from the laminated surface of the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q extends along the sides of the N-type thermoelectric conversion material 3N and the P-type thermoelectric conversion material 3P, and further extends above the conductive substrate 2.
- the electrodes 10AH and 10BH (corresponding to the electrodes 8A and 8B of the thermoelectric conversion element 1B in FIG. 2) are in contact with the conductive substrate 2 of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q, and are disposed above the end of the extending portion. ing.
- thermoelectric conversion elements 10A and 10B each have electrodes, but the surfaces of these electrodes are covered with an insulator, and there is no electrical contact with other elements or electrodes that come into contact with the objects or objects that come into contact. . Only the heat enters and exits as a Peltier element.
- thermoelectric conversion elements 10A and 10B which are Peltier elements
- the electrodes 10AL and 10BL function as a heat absorption action part
- the electrodes 10AH and 10BH work as a heat generation action part. Since the electrodes 10AL and 10BL which are heat absorption action parts are arranged in contact with the electrodes 8A and 8B which are low temperature action parts of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q, heat is transferred from the high temperature action part of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q to the low temperature action part. The amount of heat that has been conducted is absorbed by the electrodes 10AL and 10BL without being accumulated in the low-temperature acting part. Therefore, it is possible to keep the low temperature action part at a low temperature.
- the electrodes 10AH and 10BH as the heat generating action portions are arranged in contact with the conductive substrate 2 as the high temperature action portion of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q, the amount of heat absorbed by the electrodes 10AL and 10BL is reduced to the electrode 10AH. , 10BH to dissipate heat to the high temperature action part of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q. Therefore, the amount of heat lost by conducting heat from the high temperature action part to the low temperature action part can be recovered, and the high temperature action part can be kept at a high temperature. Because of these actions, the temperature difference between the high temperature action portion and the low temperature action portion of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q is maintained, so that the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q can continuously perform highly efficient power generation.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation device 1J of the present embodiment the amount of heat to heat conduction to the cold working portion from the high temperature effects of the thermoelectric power generation element 1Q: Q k is almost complete to the thermoelectric power generation element 1Q by the Peltier element 10A, 10B since forms a circulating, thermoelectric power generation element 1Q is heat: a need not be device structure in consideration of Q k large area can be achieved. By increasing the area, it is possible to perform thermoelectric conversion power generation with a larger power generation amount.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1J of the present embodiment when there is a temperature difference of ⁇ T between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part, the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q generates a thermoelectromotive force in proportion to the temperature difference, and output: Pout
- the amount of heat conducted from the high-temperature acting portion to the low-temperature acting portion in proportion to the temperature difference: Q k is generated, and in order to return this Q k from the low-temperature acting portion to the high-temperature acting portion, the second,
- An input: Pin is required to drive the third thermoelectric conversion elements (Peltier elements) 10A and 10B.
- thermoelectric conversion power generator 1J can maintain the temperature difference: ⁇ T between the high-temperature acting part and the low-temperature acting part, as a result, an output of about 15% of the output: Pout can be obtained continuously.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q of the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1J has the same element structure as that of the conventional thermoelectric conversion element, but the high temperature action portion of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q is caused by the action of the thermoelectric conversion elements 10A and 10B that function as Peltier elements. And the temperature difference between the low-temperature acting part is maintained, the area can be increased, and the temperature difference can be utilized over a wide area.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a thermoelectric conversion power generator according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1K according to the present embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1J of the tenth embodiment.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1K of the present embodiment includes a thermoelectric conversion element 1D of the present invention (thermoelectric conversion element of Embodiment 4) used as a power generation element, and thermoelectric conversion elements 20A and 20B of the present invention used as Peltier elements. (Thermoelectric conversion element of Embodiment 3).
- thermoelectric conversion element 1D used as the power generation element is the thermoelectric conversion power generation element having the element structure of the present invention described in the fourth embodiment.
- An n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P are arranged below the conductive substrate 2 serving as the first electrode with an insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion are arranged.
- a second electrode 8A and a third electrode 8B are formed below the portion 1P.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is laminated in the order of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, an upper charge transport layer 5C, a cavity (air layer), a lower charge transport layer 5C, and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N.
- the upper charge transport layer 5 ⁇ / b> C and the lower charge transport layer 5 ⁇ / b> C are one layer connected by the side surface of the insulating layer 9, and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P is laminated in the order of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, an upper charge transport layer 5D, a cavity portion (air layer), a lower charge transport layer 5D, and a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P.
- the upper charge transport layer 5D and the lower charge transport layer 5D are one layer connected by the side surface of the insulating layer 9, and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact. This is the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D having the element structure as described above.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D the conductive substrate 2 functions as a high-temperature action part
- the second and third electrodes 8A and 8B function as low-temperature action parts
- the temperature difference between the high-temperature action part and the low-temperature action part is obtained. Use it to generate electricity.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1K has a configuration in which the second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 20A and 20B are arranged in contact with the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D.
- the second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 20A and 20B are thermoelectric conversion elements having the same structure as the thermoelectric conversion element 1C (FIG. 3) of the third embodiment.
- the electrodes 20AL and 20BL in FIG. 11 correspond to the conductive substrate 2 of the thermoelectric conversion element 1C in FIG. 3 and are disposed in contact with the second and third electrodes 8A and 8B of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D. Yes.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer and an anisotropic conductive material layer are sequentially stacked below the electrodes 20AL and 20BL.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer has extended portions 20AG and 20BG that do not contact the thermoelectric conversion material layer and protrude from the laminated structure,
- the extending portions 20AG and 20BG extend from the laminated surface of the anisotropic conductive material layer along the sides of the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 6N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 6P of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D. It extends to above the substrate 2.
- the electrodes 20AH and 20BH (corresponding to the electrodes 8A and 8B of the thermoelectric conversion element 1C in FIG. 3) are in contact with the conductive substrate 2 of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D, and are disposed below the end of the extending portion. ing.
- thermoelectric conversion elements 20A and 20B each have an electrode, but the surface of these electrodes is covered with an insulator, and there is no electrical contact with other elements or electrodes that come into contact with the object or objects that come into contact. . Only the heat enters and exits as a Peltier element.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1K of the present embodiment when there is a temperature difference of ⁇ T between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part, the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D generates a thermoelectromotive force in proportion to the temperature difference, and output: Pout
- the amount of heat that is conducted from the high-temperature acting part to the low-temperature acting part in proportion to the temperature difference: Q k is generated, and second to return this Q k from the low-temperature acting part to the high-temperature acting part.
- An input: Pin is required to drive the third thermoelectric conversion elements (Peltier elements) 20A, 20B.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D is the thermal conductivity and the temperature difference between thermoelectric conversion materials: depends on the [Delta] T, the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D of the present invention utilizes a charge transporting layer and the cavity portion (air layer) heat: Q k Can be greatly suppressed.
- the output at ⁇ T: 35 (K): Pout is 100%, and the input: Pin is about 50%. Since the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1K can maintain the temperature difference: ⁇ T between the high temperature action portion and the low temperature action portion, as a result, an output of about 50% of the output: Pout can be obtained continuously.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1K of the present embodiment since the temperature difference between the high temperature action portion and the low temperature action portion of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D is maintained by the action of the thermoelectric conversion elements 20A and 20B acting as Peltier elements, thermoelectric conversion power generation is possible.
- the element 1D can have a large area and can continuously perform highly efficient power generation.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a thermoelectric conversion power generator according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1L according to the present embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1J of the tenth embodiment.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1L of this embodiment includes a thermoelectric conversion element 1E of the present invention used as a power generation element (thermoelectric conversion element of Embodiment 5) and thermoelectric conversion elements 30A and 30B of the present invention used as Peltier elements. (Thermoelectric conversion element of Embodiment 6).
- thermoelectric conversion element 1E is a thermoelectric conversion power generation element having the element structure of the present invention described in the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG.
- An n-type thermoelectric conversion unit and a 1N-type p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P are arranged below the conductive substrate 2 serving as the first electrode with an insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion unit are arranged.
- a second electrode 8A and a third electrode 8B are formed below the conversion unit 1P.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N is formed by laminating an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, an upper charge transport layer 5C, a heat insulating layer 4A, a lower charge transport layer 5C, and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N in this order.
- the layer 5C and the lower charge transport layer 5C are one layer connected on the side surface of the heat insulating layer 4A, and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P is laminated in the order of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, an upper charge transport layer 5D, a heat insulating layer 4B, a lower charge transport layer 5D, and a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P.
- the layer 5D and the lower charge transport layer 5D are one layer connected at the side surface of the heat insulating layer 4B, and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact.
- This is a thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E having the element structure as described above.
- the conductive substrate 2 functions as a high temperature action part
- the second and third electrodes 8A and 8B function as a low temperature action part
- the temperature difference between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part is obtained. Use it to generate electricity.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1L has a configuration in which the second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 30A and 30B are disposed in contact with the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E.
- the second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 30A and 30B are thermoelectric conversion elements having the same structure as the thermoelectric conversion element 1F (FIG. 6) of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the second thermoelectric conversion element 30A.
- the electrodes 30AL and 30BL in FIG. 12 correspond to the conductive substrate 2 of the thermoelectric conversion element 1F in FIG. 6 and are disposed in contact with the electrodes 8A and 8B of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer has a thermoelectric conversion material layer, an upper charge transport layer, a heat insulation layer, a lower charge transport layer, a thermoelectric conversion material layer, and an anisotropic conductive material layer below the electrodes 30AL and 30BL.
- the upper charge transport layer and the lower charge transport layer are one layer connected at the side surface of the heat insulating layer, and are arranged so as to be in electrical contact.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer has extended portions 30AG and 30BG that do not contact the thermoelectric conversion material layer and protrude from the laminated structure, and the extended portions 30AG and 30BG are laminated surfaces of the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E To the side of the n-type thermoelectric conversion materials 6N and 3N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion materials 6P and 3P of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E, and further along the side of the conductive substrate 2 and the side of the object. Extending further up above the object.
- the electrodes 30AH and 30BH (corresponding to the electrodes 8A and 8B of the thermoelectric conversion element 1E in FIG. 6) are in contact with the object to be a heat reservoir, and are disposed above the end of the extending portion.
- thermoelectric conversion elements 30A and 30B each have electrodes, but the surfaces of these electrodes are covered with an insulator, and there is no electrical contact with other elements or electrodes that come into contact with the objects or objects that come into contact. . Only the heat enters and exits as a Peltier element.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation device 1L of the present embodiment when there is a temperature difference of ⁇ T between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part, the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E generates a thermoelectromotive force in proportion to the temperature difference, and the output: Pout
- the amount of heat conducted from the high-temperature acting portion to the low-temperature acting portion in proportion to the temperature difference: Q k is generated, and in order to return this Q k from the low-temperature acting portion to the high-temperature acting portion, the second,
- An input: Pin for driving the third thermoelectric conversion elements (Peltier elements) 30A and 30B is required.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E is the thermal conductivity and the temperature difference between thermoelectric conversion materials: depends on the [Delta] T, the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E of the present invention, the amount of heat by using a heat insulating layer and a charge transport layer: increased inhibit Q k be able to.
- the output: ⁇ Pout of ⁇ T: 35 (K) is 100%, and the input: Pin is about 50%. Since the thermoelectric power generation device 1L can maintain the temperature difference: ⁇ T between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part, as a result, an output of about 50% of the output: Pout can be obtained continuously.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1L of the present embodiment since the temperature difference between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E is maintained by the action of the thermoelectric conversion elements 30A and 30B acting as Peltier elements, thermoelectric conversion power generation The element 1E can achieve a large area and can continuously perform highly efficient power generation.
- thermoelectric conversion power generator 1M is sectional drawing of the thermoelectric conversion power generator which concerns on Embodiment 13 of this invention.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1M according to the present embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1J of the tenth embodiment.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation device 1M of the present embodiment includes a thermoelectric conversion element 1G of the present invention (thermoelectric conversion element of the seventh embodiment) used as a power generation element, and thermoelectric conversion elements 40A and 40B of the present invention used as Peltier elements. (Thermoelectric conversion element of Embodiment 8).
- thermoelectric conversion element 1G is a thermoelectric conversion power generation element having the element structure of the present invention described in the seventh embodiment as shown in FIG.
- An n-type thermoelectric conversion portion comprising an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, a heat insulating layer 4A, and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N with an insulating layer 9 interposed between the lower portion of the conductive substrate 2 as the first electrode, and a p-type A p-type thermoelectric conversion part made up of the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the heat insulating layer 4B, and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P is formed, and the second and third electrodes 8A and 8B are formed below the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation element having an element structure.
- a through hole 7A is formed in the heat insulating layer 4A, and a through hole 7B is formed in the heat insulating layer 4B, and the inside of the through hole is filled with a highly conductive charge transport material.
- the conductive substrate 2 functions as a high temperature action part
- the second and third electrodes 8A and 8B function as a low temperature action part
- the temperature difference between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part is obtained. Use it to generate electricity.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation device 1M has a configuration in which the second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 40A and 40B are arranged in contact with the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1A.
- the second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 40A and 40B are thermoelectric conversion elements having the same structure as the thermoelectric conversion element 1H (FIG. 8) of the eighth embodiment.
- the electrodes 40AL and 40BL in FIG. 13 correspond to the conductive substrate 2 of the thermoelectric conversion element 1H in FIG. 8, and are disposed in contact with the electrodes 8A and 8B of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1G.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer a thermoelectric conversion material layer, a heat insulating layer, a thermoelectric conversion material layer, and an anisotropic conductive material (graphite) layer are sequentially stacked below the electrodes 40AL and 40BL.
- the anisotropic conductive material (graphite) layer does not contact the thermoelectric conversion material layer, and extends portions 40AG, 40BG protruding from the laminated structure.
- the extending portions 40AG, 40BG extend from the laminated surface of the anisotropic conductive material (graphite) layer along the sides of the heat insulating layers 4A, 4B of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1G, and further, the conductive substrate 2 It extends up.
- the electrodes 40AH and 40BH are in contact with the conductive substrate 2 of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1G, and are disposed above the end of the extending portion. ing.
- thermoelectric conversion elements 40A and 40B each have electrodes, but the surfaces of these electrodes are covered with an insulating material, and there is no electrical contact with other elements or electrodes that come into contact with the objects or objects that come into contact. . Only the heat enters and exits as a Peltier element.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation device 1M of the present embodiment when there is a temperature difference of ⁇ T between the high temperature action part and the low temperature action part, the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1G generates a thermoelectromotive force in proportion to the temperature difference, and output: Pout
- the amount of heat conducted from the high-temperature acting portion to the low-temperature acting portion in proportion to the temperature difference: Q k is generated, and in order to return this Q k from the low-temperature acting portion to the high-temperature acting portion, the second,
- An input: Pin is required to drive the third thermoelectric conversion elements (Peltier elements) 40A and 40B.
- the amount of heat: Q k depends on the thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric conversion material and the temperature difference: ⁇ T, but the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1G of the present invention greatly suppresses the amount of heat: Q k by using the heat insulating layer and the charge transport layer. be able to.
- the output at ⁇ T: 35 (K): Pout is 100%, and the input: Pin is 50%. It will be about. Since the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1K can maintain the temperature difference: ⁇ T between the high temperature action portion and the low temperature action portion, as a result, an output of about 50% of the output: Pout can be obtained continuously.
- thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1M of the present embodiment since the temperature difference between the high temperature action portion and the low temperature action portion of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1G is maintained by the action of the thermoelectric conversion elements 40A and 40B acting as Peltier elements, thermoelectric conversion power generation is possible.
- the element 1G can have a large area and can continuously perform highly efficient power generation.
- thermoelectric conversion part First, before evaluating as a thermoelectric conversion element, the performance (thermoelectric property) of the n-type thermoelectric conversion part and the p-type thermoelectric conversion part was evaluated.
- a sample for performance evaluation an n-type and p-type thermoelectric conversion part manufactured using a Bi-Te-based material substrate was cut into necessary dimensions and polished to prepare an evaluation sample.
- Samples for evaluation of n-type and p-type thermoelectric conversion parts are as follows: Thermoelectric property evaluation sample: square 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm, thickness 10 mm to 11 mm, thermal conductivity measurement sample: square 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm, thickness 10 mm to 11 mm It was.
- thermoelectric conversion part for first evaluation An n-type thermoelectric conversion part and a p-type thermoelectric conversion part of Embodiment 1 (see FIG. 1) using a graphite sheet as the anisotropic conductive material layer were produced by the following steps.
- a Bi-Te thermoelectric conversion material substrate was fabricated.
- a raw material adjusted with a composition of Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 was used as an n-type thermoelectric conversion material, and a raw material adjusted with a composition of Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 was used as a p-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- Powder materials of Bi, Te and other additives were mixed and melted, and the base material formed after melting was pulverized to obtain a powdery n-type or p-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- the obtained powder is pressed into a plate-shaped shaping member, packed, remelted at a melting temperature of about 550 to 650 ° C. using a zone melt method, and then annealed at 350 to 450 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a sintered body.
- Manufactured The produced sintered body was cut out to produce a Bi-Te thermoelectric conversion material substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.
- a graphite sheet manufactured by Otsuka Electric Co., Ltd.
- a Bi-Te based material substrate and a graphite sheet were laminated.
- a Bi-Te material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the adhesive surface of the graphite sheet with a Bi-Te material paste having the same composition as the Bi-Te material substrate, and the Bi-Te material substrate and the graphite sheet are bonded to each other. Lamination was performed by close contact and thermocompression bonding.
- thermoelectric conversion portions 1N and 1P having a two-layer structure including thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P and anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B were produced.
- the thermoelectric conversion portions 1N and 1P are cut into the sizes of the above-described thermoelectric property evaluation sample and thermal conductivity measurement sample, the cut surface is polished to produce a first evaluation thermoelectric conversion portion, and the lower portion of each evaluation thermoelectric conversion portion At the top, a 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm square electrode for a thermoelectric property evaluation sample and a 0.2 mm thickness Al electrode and a 50 mm ⁇ 50 m square electrode for a thermal conductivity measurement sample are attached by soldering and evaluated. A sample was prepared.
- thermoelectric conversion part for second evaluation An n-type thermoelectric conversion part and a p-type thermoelectric conversion part of Embodiment 1 (see FIG. 1) using a charge transport material as the anisotropic conductive material layer were produced by the following steps.
- a low-conductivity material layer forming solution prepared with the following composition is spin-coated on a substrate of Bi-Te thermoelectric conversion material having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm manufactured in the same manner as the first evaluation thermoelectric conversion part. Then, the solvent was removed by drying and baking at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a low conductive material layer having a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m.
- the low conductivity material layer is formed with the goal of having an electrical conductivity of about 5 S / cm.
- Polycarbonate resin 100 parts Diphenoquinone compound (Formula 1): 15 parts Tetrahydrofuran solvent: 300 parts
- thermoelectric conversion part low conductive material layer forming solution Polycarbonate resin: 100 parts Hyzolazone compound (Chemical Formula 2): 20 parts Tetrahydrofuran solvent: 300 parts
- a charge transport material was coated by a resistance heating vapor deposition method.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N uses an electron transport material: Alq3 (aluminato-tris-8B-ydoroxyquinolate) as a charge transport material
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P uses a hole transport material: NPP (N, N-di (naphthalene-1-yl) -N, N-diphenyl-benzidene) was used as a charge transport material.
- the thickness of the coat layer was about 300 nm and the in-plane electrical conductivity was about 300 S / cm.
- thermoelectric conversion portions 1N and 1P having a two-layer structure each including thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P and anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B were produced.
- the thermoelectric conversion portions 1N and 1P are cut into the sizes of the above-described thermoelectric property evaluation sample and thermal conductivity measurement sample, the cut surface is polished to produce a first evaluation thermoelectric conversion portion, and the lower portion of each evaluation thermoelectric conversion portion At the top, a 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm square electrode for a thermoelectric property evaluation sample and a 0.2 mm thickness Al electrode and a 50 mm ⁇ 50 m square electrode for a thermal conductivity measurement sample are attached by soldering and evaluated. A sample was prepared.
- thermoelectric conversion part 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P of Embodiment 4 were produced by the following steps.
- thermoelectric conversion material substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm was manufactured, and the above-mentioned thermoelectric property evaluation sample corner 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm, Thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P were prepared by cutting out a substrate having a thickness of 2.5 mm and a substrate having a corner of 50 m ⁇ 50 m and a thickness of 2.5 mm for a thermal conductivity measurement sample, respectively.
- the Bi-Te-based material paste is a paste using Bi-Te-based material powder (average particle size: about 5 ⁇ m) obtained by grinding the Bi-Te-based material.
- the formulation of the Bi-Te material paste is shown below.
- Bi-Te-based material layer formulation (parts by weight)] ⁇ Bi-Te material powder: 100 parts ⁇ Terpineol: 10 parts ⁇ Ethylcellulose: 3 parts
- thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample On the thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample, a PGS graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) having a square of 20 mm ⁇ 45 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m for the thermoelectric property evaluation sample, and thermal conductivity A PGS graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic Corporation) having a square size of 50 mm ⁇ 105 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is laminated.
- thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P The above-mentioned Bi-Te based material paste having the same composition as the thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P is applied and printed on the adhesive surface of the graphite sheet to a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and the pressure is reduced to 580 to prevent oxidation of the graphite.
- the thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P and the graphite sheet were bonded by applying heat of about 0 ° C.
- the Bi-Te-based thermoelectric conversion material substrate is divided into a 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm, 2.5 mm thick substrate for a thermoelectric property evaluation sample, and a 50 mm ⁇ 50 m square for a thermal conductivity measurement sample. Cut out to a 5 mm substrate, and prepare thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P, respectively. For each of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample, on the upper surface of the end of the graphite sheet corresponding to the upper surface of the upper graphite layers 5C and 5D. Thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P were laminated.
- the above-mentioned Bi-Te based material paste having the same composition as the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P is applied and printed on the adhesion surface of the graphite sheet so as to have a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and the pressure is reduced to 580 to prevent oxidation of the graphite.
- the graphite sheet and the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P were bonded by applying heat of about 0 ° C.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a square of 20 mm ⁇ 5 mm and a thickness of 10 mm for a thermoelectric property evaluation sample corresponding to the insulating layer 9 of FIG. 4 and a corner of 50 mm ⁇ 5 mm and a thickness of 10 mm for a thermal conductivity measurement sample.
- a plate-like glass wool plate is prepared, and the glass wool plate is bonded to the side surfaces of the thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P, the graphite sheet, and the side surfaces of the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P as shown in FIG.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used, and the paste was applied and printed to a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and bonded by applying a heat of about 580 ° C. under reduced pressure to prevent oxidation of graphite. .
- N-type and p-type thermoelectric conversion portions 1N and 1P having a five-layer structure of conversion material layers 6N and 6P were produced.
- an Al electrode having a corner of 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm for a thermoelectric property evaluation sample and a corner of 50 mm ⁇ 50 m and a thickness of 0.2 mm for a thermal conductivity measurement sample. was attached with solder and used as a sample for evaluation.
- thermoelectric conversion part 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P of Embodiment 5 were produced by the following steps.
- thermoelectric conversion material substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm was manufactured, and the above-mentioned thermoelectric property evaluation sample corner 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm, Thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P were prepared by cutting out a substrate having a thickness of 2.5 mm and a substrate having a corner of 50 m ⁇ 50 m and a thickness of 2.5 mm for a thermal conductivity measurement sample, respectively.
- thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample On the thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample, a PGS graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) having a square of 20 mm ⁇ 45 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m for the thermoelectric property evaluation sample, and thermal conductivity A PGS graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic Corporation) having a square size of 50 mm ⁇ 105 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is laminated.
- thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P The above-mentioned Bi-Te based material paste having the same composition as the thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P is applied and printed on the adhesive surface of the graphite sheet to a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and the pressure is reduced to 580 to prevent oxidation of the graphite.
- the thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P and the graphite sheet were bonded by applying heat of about 0 ° C.
- thermoelectric property evaluation sample For each of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample, a plate-like glass wool plate having a corner of 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm and a thickness of 5 mm for the thermoelectric property evaluation sample corresponding to the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B in FIG.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a corner of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 5 mm is prepared for the measurement sample, and the graphite sheet is bonded to the side surface and the upper surface of the glass wool plate as shown in FIG.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used, and the paste was applied and printed to a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and bonded by applying a heat of about 580 ° C. under reduced pressure to prevent oxidation of graphite. .
- the Bi-Te-based thermoelectric conversion material substrate is divided into a 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm, 2.5 mm thick substrate for a thermoelectric property evaluation sample, and a 50 mm ⁇ 50 m, 2 mm thickness for a thermal conductivity measurement sample. Cut out to a 5 mm substrate, and prepare thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P, respectively. For each of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample, on the upper surface of the end of the graphite sheet corresponding to the upper surface of the graphite layers 5C and 5D Thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P were laminated.
- the above-mentioned Bi-Te based material paste having the same composition as the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P is applied and printed on the adhesion surface of the graphite sheet so as to have a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and the pressure is reduced to 580 to prevent oxidation of the graphite.
- the graphite sheet and the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P were bonded by applying heat of about 0 ° C.
- thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P, the lower charge transport layers 5C and 5D, the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B, the upper charge transport layers 5C and 5D, and the thermoelectric conversion are performed for each of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample.
- N-type and p-type thermoelectric conversion portions 1N and 1P having a five-layer structure of material layers 6N and 6P were produced.
- an Al electrode having a corner of 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm for a thermoelectric property evaluation sample and a corner of 50 mm ⁇ 50 m and a thickness of 0.2 mm for a thermal conductivity measurement sample. was attached with solder and used as a sample for evaluation.
- thermoelectric conversion part 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P of Embodiment 7 were produced by the following steps.
- thermoelectric conversion material substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm was manufactured, and the above-mentioned thermoelectric property evaluation sample corner 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm, The substrate was cut into a 2.5 mm thick substrate and a substrate having a square of 50 m ⁇ 50 m and a thickness of 2.5 mm for a thermal conductivity measurement sample, and thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N, 3P, 6N, and 6P were prepared, respectively.
- thermoelectric property evaluation sample For each of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample, a plate-like glass wool plate having a corner of 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm and a thickness of 5 mm for the thermoelectric property evaluation sample corresponding to the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B in FIG.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a corner of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was prepared for the measurement sample.
- Through holes with a diameter of 1 mm were formed on the entire surface of the glass wool plate by a drill at a pitch of 5 mm.
- the front and back surfaces of the glass wool plate and the inside of the through-hole were coated with a layer of mixed crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized at 1100 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method.
- the glass wool plate is bonded to the thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P, and the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P are bonded to the upper portion of the glass wool plate, respectively.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used, and the paste was applied and printed to a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and bonded by applying a heat of about 580 ° C. under reduced pressure to prevent oxidation of graphite. .
- thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P the heat insulating layers 4A and 4B, and the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P are obtained for each of the thermoelectric property evaluation sample and the thermal conductivity measurement sample.
- Thermoelectric conversion parts 1N and 1P were produced.
- an Al electrode having a corner of 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm for a thermoelectric property evaluation sample and a corner of 50 mm ⁇ 50 m and a thickness of 0.2 mm for a thermal conductivity measurement sample. was attached with solder and used as a sample for evaluation.
- thermoelectric conversion part 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P of the comparative form 1 were produced in the following processes.
- a Bi-Te-based thermoelectric conversion material substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm manufactured in the same manner as the first evaluation thermoelectric conversion part was used as a thermoelectric property evaluation sample: corner 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm, thermal conductivity measurement sample: corner
- the comparative thermoelectric conversion parts 1N and 1P were manufactured by cutting into a 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm evaluation sample size and polishing the cut surface.
- thermoelectric property evaluation sample 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm
- a thickness is 0.2 mm
- a corner for a thermal conductivity measurement sample is 50 m ⁇
- An Al electrode having a thickness of 50 m and a thickness of 0.2 mm was attached with solder to obtain a comparative sample.
- thermoelectric conversion part The evaluation method of the performance of the thermoelectric conversion part was performed as follows. 1) Electrical conductivity: Measured using a thermoelectric property evaluation apparatus ZEME-3 manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO. A platinum wire was attached to the cylindrical thermoelectric conversion material, and the electrical conductivity was measured at room temperature by the DC four-terminal method. 2) Seebeck coefficient: measured using a thermoelectric property evaluation apparatus ZEME-3 manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO. The measurement conditions were the same as in the electrical conductivity evaluation. 3) Thermal conductivity: Measured using a steady-state thermal conductivity measuring device GH-1 manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the first to fifth evaluation thermoelectric conversion parts and the comparative thermoelectric conversion parts produced as described above.
- the evaluation thermoelectric conversion part 1 and the evaluation thermoelectric conversion part 2 are thermoelectric conversion parts having an anisotropic conductive material layer, there is almost no difference in performance index and the like compared with the comparative thermoelectric conversion part. This means that the graphite and charge transport material used for the anisotropic conductive material layer do not adversely affect the thermoelectric conversion material.
- the evaluation thermoelectric conversion part 1 and the evaluation thermoelectric conversion part 2 conduct heat between the heat generation part and the heat absorption part by separating the heat generation part and the heat absorption part in a three-dimensional arrangement by the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- thermoelectric conversion element having an element structure that reduces Q K
- the steady-state thermal conductivity measuring device GH-1 used for measuring the thermal conductivity is an exothermic part and an endothermic part of the evaluation thermoelectric conversion part.
- the figure of merit of the evaluation thermoelectric conversion part 1 and the evaluation thermoelectric conversion part 2 shown in Table 1 does not evaluate the effect of the three-dimensionally spaced element structure, but shows the capability of this element structure. It is not a thing.
- the performance index of the evaluation thermoelectric conversion units 3 to 6 is improved to about 50 to 150 times that of the comparative thermoelectric conversion unit.
- thermoelectric conversion elements high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity are achieved by three-dimensionally separating the heat conduction part and the electric conduction part of the thermoelectric conversion element by using a hollow part or a heat insulating layer and a charge transport layer. It is shown that high thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be realized while securing the property.
- Example 1 As in the following (1-1) to (1-4), the device of the embodiment 1 (FIG. 1) was fabricated.
- the basic production method is the same as the production method of the first evaluation thermoelectric conversion part (see production of the first evaluation thermoelectric conversion part).
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 5A Graphite corresponding to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A on a substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N Sheets (manufactured by Otsuka Electric Co., Ltd.) were laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce an n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N.
- the graphite sheet is 100 mm x 150 mm in thickness and 50 ⁇ m thick, and a Bi-Te based material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the adhesive surface with the same n-type Bi—Te based material paste as the substrate.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a two-layer structure of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A made of graphite.
- thermoelectric conversion portion 1P (1-2) Graphite corresponding to anisotropic conductive material layer 5B on a substrate of p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and thickness 10 mm corresponding to thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P
- the sheets were laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P.
- the graphite sheet is 100 mm square x 150 mm thick and 50 ⁇ m thick.
- a Bi-Te based material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the adhesive surface with the same p-type Bi—Te based material paste as the substrate.
- a graphite sheet were adhered to each other and thermo-compression bonded to form a laminate.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P has a two-layer structure of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B made of graphite.
- An electrode 8A and an electrode 8B made of an Al substrate each having a square size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were disposed on the upper ends of the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B, respectively. (See Figure 1 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1A (1) produced by the above steps, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- a thermocouple was set at the temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 1, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH.
- the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP at that time was ⁇ T: ⁇ 22K.
- Example 2 As in the following (2-1) to (2-4), the element of the embodiment 1 (FIG. 1) was produced.
- the basic production method is the same as the production method of the second evaluation thermoelectric conversion part (see production of the second evaluation thermoelectric conversion part).
- n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a two-layer structure of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A composed of the low conductive material layer and the high conductive material layer.
- thermoelectric conversion portion 1P (Low conductivity material layer forming solution of p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P)
- Polycarbonate resin 100 parts Hyzolazone compound (Chemical Formula 2): 20 parts Tetrahydrofuran solvent: 300 parts
- holes Transport material: NPP (N, N-di (naphthalene-1-yl) -N, N-diphenyl-benzidene) was coated by resistance heating vapor deposition. The thickness of the coat layer was about 100 nm and the in-plane electrical conductivity was about 300 S / cm.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P has a two-layer structure of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B composed of the low conductive material layer and the high conductive material layer.
- An insulating layer 9 made of a glass wool plate having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a height of 10.5 mm is formed in the center of the conductive substrate 2 made of an Al substrate having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 310 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm,
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P are arranged on the conductive substrate 2 with the insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a square size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were arranged on the upper ends of the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B, respectively. (See Figure 1 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1A (2) produced by the above steps, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- a thermocouple was set at the temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 1, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH. At that time, the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP was ⁇ T: -21K.
- Example 3 As in the following (3-1) to (3-4), the device of the embodiment 2 (FIG. 2) was produced.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 5A Graphite corresponding to anisotropic conductive material layer 5A on a substrate of n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and thickness 10 mm corresponding to thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N Sheets (manufactured by Otsuka Electric Co., Ltd.) were laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce an n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N.
- a Bi-Te material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the thermocompression bonding surface with the same n-type Bi-Te material paste as that of the substrate.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a two-layer structure of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A made of graphite.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 5B Graphite corresponding to anisotropic conductive material layer 5B on a substrate of p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and thickness 10 mm corresponding to thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P
- a sheet manufactured by Otsuka Electric Co., Ltd. was laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P.
- a Bi-Te-based material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the thermocompression bonding surface with the same p-type Bi-Te-based material paste as the substrate.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion member 1P has a two-layer structure of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B made of graphite.
- the graphite sheet has a width longer than that of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P. Therefore, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- An insulating layer 9 made of a glass wool plate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a height of 10.5 mm is formed in the center of the conductive substrate 2 made of an Al substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 210 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm,
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P are arranged on the conductive substrate 2 with the insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a square size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were arranged on the extending portions and the upper portions of the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B, respectively. (See Figure 2 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1B manufactured through the above steps, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- a thermocouple was set at the temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 2, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH.
- the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP at that time was ⁇ T: ⁇ 28K.
- Example 4 As in the following (4-1) to (4-4), the element of the embodiment 3 (FIG. 3) was produced.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 5A n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and thickness 10 mm corresponding to thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N
- n-type thermoelectric conversion material Ba 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N A graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) was laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce an n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N.
- a Bi-Te material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the thermocompression bonding surface with the same n-type Bi-Te material paste as that of the substrate.
- the substrate and the graphite sheet were adhered to each other and thermo-compression bonded to form a laminate.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a two-layer structure of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A made of graphite.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A since the graphite sheet is longer than the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 5B 4-2) PGS corresponding to anisotropic conductive material layer 5B on a substrate of p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and thickness 10 mm corresponding to thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P
- a graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) was laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce a p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P.
- a Bi-Te-based material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the thermocompression bonding surface with the same p-type Bi-Te-based material paste as the substrate.
- the substrate and the graphite sheet were adhered to each other and thermo-compression bonded to form a laminate.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion member 1P has a two-layer structure of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B made of graphite.
- the graphite sheet has a width longer than that of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P. Therefore, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a square size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were disposed on the extending and lower portions of the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B, respectively. (See Figure 3 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1C produced by the above process, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- the thermocouple was set at the temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 3, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8C and the electrode 8D in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH.
- the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP at that time was ⁇ T: ⁇ 29K.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1D having the form of Embodiment 4 (FIG. 4) was produced.
- the basic production method is the same as the production method of the third evaluation thermoelectric conversion part (see production of the third evaluation thermoelectric conversion part).
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and a thickness of 5 mm, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ corresponding to the charge transport layer 5C
- a PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a thickness of 310 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N is placed on the other side of the graphite sheet corresponding to the upper surface of the upper graphite layer 5C. It was laminated on the upper surface of the end portion. Subsequently, a plate-like glass wool plate having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 5 mm corresponding to the insulating layer 9 and a thickness of 20.5 mm was prepared.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is composed of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the lower charge transport layer 5C made of graphite, the cavity (air layer), the upper charge transport layer 5C made of graphite, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- the layer 6N has a five-layer structure.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ corresponding to the charge transport layer 5D
- a PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a thickness of 310 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P is used as the other graphite sheet corresponding to the upper surface of the upper graphite layer 5D. It was laminated on the upper surface of the end portion. Subsequently, a plate-like glass wool plate having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 5 mm and a thickness of 20.5 mm corresponding to the insulating layer 9 was prepared.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P The glass wool plate corresponding to the insulating layer 9, the side surface of the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3 ⁇ / b> P, and the remaining graphite sheet The side of the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P is bonded.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P is composed of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the lower charge transport layer 5D made of graphite, the cavity (air layer), the upper charge transport layer 5D made of graphite, and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- the layer 6P has a five-layer structure.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P are bonded on the conductive substrate 2 made of an Al substrate having a square of 100 mm ⁇ 310 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- An n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion are placed in close contact with an insulating layer 9 made of a glass wool plate of the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P at the center of the Al substrate.
- the part 1P was disposed on the conductive substrate 2 so as to face the part 1P.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a square size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were arranged on the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P, respectively. (See Figure 4 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1D (1) produced by the above steps, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- a thermocouple was set at the temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 4, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH.
- the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP at that time was ⁇ T: ⁇ 37K.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1E according to the embodiment 5 (FIG. 5) was produced.
- the basic production method is the same as the production method of the fourth evaluation thermoelectric conversion part (see production of the fourth evaluation thermoelectric conversion part).
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and a thickness of 5 mm, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ corresponding to the charge transport layer 5C
- a PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a thickness of 310 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- the lower surface of a plate-like glass wool plate having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4A is bonded onto the graphite layer of the laminated portion, and the remaining portion of the graphite sheet corresponds to the heat insulating layer 4A. Adhere to the side and top of the glass wool plate.
- a substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N was laminated on the upper surface of the uppermost graphite layer.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is composed of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the lower charge transport layer 5C made of graphite, the heat insulating layer 4A, the upper charge transport layer 5C made of graphite, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N.
- a five-layer structure was adopted.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ corresponding to the charge transport layer 5D
- a PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a thickness of 310 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m were laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- the lower surface of a plate-like glass wool plate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4B is bonded onto the graphite layer of the laminated portion, and the remaining portion of the graphite sheet corresponds to the heat insulating layer 4B.
- a substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P was laminated on the upper surface of the uppermost graphite layer.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P is composed of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the lower charge transport layer 5D made of graphite, the heat insulating layer 4B, the upper charge transport layer 5D made of graphite, and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P.
- a five-layer structure was adopted.
- Insulating layer 9 made of glass wool plate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a height of 20.5 mm is formed at the center of conductive substrate 2 made of an Al substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 310 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm,
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P are arranged on the conductive substrate 2 with the insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a square size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were arranged on the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P, respectively. (See Fig. 5 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1E produced through the above steps, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- a thermocouple was set at the temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 5, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH.
- the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP at that time was ⁇ T: ⁇ 36K.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1F according to the embodiment 6 (FIG. 6) was produced.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ corresponding to the charge transport layer 5C
- the ends of a 210 mm, 50 ⁇ m thick PGS graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) were laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4A is adhered onto the graphite layer of the laminated portion, and the remaining portion of the graphite sheet is attached to the side surface of the glass wool plate. Adhere to the top surface.
- a substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N is laminated on the upper surface of the uppermost graphite layer.
- a graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, which corresponds to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A, is thermocompression-bonded to form an n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is composed of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the lower charge transport layer 5C, the heat insulating layer 4A, the upper charge transport layer 5C, the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, and the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- a 5A 6-layer structure was adopted. In the case of this structure, since the graphite sheet is longer than the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P and a thickness of 5 mm, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ corresponding to the charge transport layer 5D
- a 210 mm, 50 ⁇ m thick PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic
- a plate-like glass wool plate having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4B is bonded onto the graphite layer of the laminated portion, and the remaining portion of the graphite sheet is attached to the side surface of the glass wool plate. Adhere to the top surface.
- a substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P is laminated on the upper surface of the uppermost graphite layer.
- thermoelectric conversion portion 1P On the substrate of the conversion material layer 6P, a graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m corresponding to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B is laminated by thermocompression bonding to form the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part is composed of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the lower charge transport layer 5D, the heat insulating layer 4B, the upper charge transport layer 5D, the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P, and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B. 6-layer structure.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a square size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were arranged on the extending portions and the upper portions of the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B, respectively. (See Fig. 6 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1F manufactured through the above steps, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- a thermocouple was set at a temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 6, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH.
- the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP at that time was ⁇ T: ⁇ 39K.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1G having the form of Embodiment 7 (FIG. 7) was produced.
- the basic manufacturing method is the same as the above-described method for manufacturing the fifth evaluation thermoelectric conversion part (see the preparation of the fifth evaluation thermoelectric conversion part).
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a diameter of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm having through-holes of ⁇ 2 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4A on the entire surface at a pitch of 10 mm is prepared. Inside, a layer in which crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized at 1100 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method was mixed was coated. The glass wool plate coated with the charge transport material is bonded onto a substrate of n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N.
- n-type thermoelectric conversion material Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a three-layer structure of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the heat insulating layer 4A, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a diameter of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm having through-holes of ⁇ 2 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4B on the entire surface at a pitch of 10 mm is prepared. Inside, a layer in which crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized at 1100 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method was mixed was coated. The glass wool plate coated with the charge transport material is bonded to a substrate of p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P.
- p-type thermoelectric conversion material Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P was laminated on the upper surface of the glass wool plate.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P has a three-layer structure of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the heat insulating layer 4B, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P.
- Insulating layer 9 made of glass wool plate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a height of 20.5 mm is formed in the center of conductive substrate 2 made of an Al substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 310 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm,
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P are arranged on the conductive substrate 2 with the insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were disposed on the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P, respectively. (See Fig. 7 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1G produced by the above steps, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- a thermocouple was set at a temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 7, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH.
- the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP at that time was ⁇ T: ⁇ 35K.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1H according to the embodiment 8 (FIG. 8) was produced.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a diameter of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm having through-holes of ⁇ 2 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4A on the entire surface at a pitch of 10 mm is prepared.
- the inside was coated with a layer of mixed crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized at 1100 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method.
- the glass wool plate coated with the charge transport material is bonded onto a substrate of n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer A graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m corresponding to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A was thermocompression-bonded on a 6N substrate to produce an n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a four-layer structure of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, a heat insulating layer 4A, an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, and an anisotropic conductive material layer 5A.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A since the graphite sheet is longer than the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a diameter of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm having through-holes of ⁇ 1 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4B on the entire surface at a pitch of 5 mm is prepared.
- the inside was coated with a layer of mixed crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized at 1100 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method.
- the glass wool plate coated with the charge transport material is bonded to a substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer A graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, which corresponds to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B, was thermocompression-bonded on a 6P substrate to produce a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part has a four-layer structure of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, a heat insulating layer 4B, a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P, and an anisotropic conductive material layer 5B.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a square size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were arranged on the extending portions and the upper portions of the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B, respectively. (See Fig. 8 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1H produced through the above steps, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- a thermocouple was set at the temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 8, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH.
- the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP at that time was ⁇ T: ⁇ 38K.
- thermoelectric conversion element 1I As in the following (10-1) to (10-4), the thermoelectric conversion element 1I according to the embodiment 9 (FIG. 9) was produced.
- the porous heat insulating material substrate used in this example is formed using the following heat insulating layer forming paste 1, and refer to Embodiment 9 for the manufacturing method.
- [Composition of heat insulation layer forming paste 1 (parts by weight)] ⁇ Glass wool substrate insulation powder: 100 parts ⁇ Melamine resin: 60 parts ⁇ Polymethyl methacrylate: 40 parts ⁇ Terpineol: 15 parts ⁇ Ethyl cellulose: 5 parts
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a three-layer structure of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, a heat insulating layer 4C, and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N.
- a plate-like porous heat insulating material substrate having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4D is prepared, and a vapor phase method is formed on the front and back surfaces of the heat insulating material substrate and inside the through holes.
- a layer containing crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized using acetylene as a raw material at 1100 ° C. was coated.
- the heat insulating material substrate coated with the charge transport material is bonded onto a substrate of p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P.
- thermoelectric conversion part 1P has a three-layer structure of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, a heat insulating layer 4D, and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm were disposed on the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P, respectively. (See Fig. 9 above)
- thermoelectric conversion element 1I produced by the above process, and the temperature change at that time was examined to evaluate the element.
- a thermocouple was set at a temperature measurement point TP shown in FIG. 7, and a voltage / current of 8V ⁇ 8A was passed between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B in an environment of room temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 50% RH.
- the temperature change at the temperature measurement point TP at that time was ⁇ T: ⁇ 35K.
- thermoelectric conversion power generator 1J according to the embodiment 10 (FIG. 10) was produced, and thermoelectric power generation was evaluated.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1J is a first thermoelectric conversion element 1Q that contributes to power generation, and a first Peltier element that is used to give a stable temperature difference to the first thermoelectric conversion element. 2.
- the first thermoelectric conversion element 1Q is a thermoelectric conversion element having the conventional structure of Comparative Example 1 (FIG. 16), and was manufactured as in the following (11-1) to (11-4).
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N As the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, a substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm was used as the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P As the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, a p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P was formed using a substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.
- An insulating layer 9 made of a glass wool plate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a height of 10.5 mm is formed at the lower center of the conductive substrate 2 made of an Al substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 310 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P are arranged below the conductive substrate 2 with the insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm are arranged below the thermoelectric conversion material layers 3N and 3P with the insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween, and the electrodes 8A and 8B.
- the second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 10A and 10B used as Peltier elements were arranged so as to contact the lower part. (Refer to FIG. 10 and FIG. 16)
- thermoelectric conversion elements 10A and 10B used as the Peltier elements of the apparatus of FIG. 10 were produced as in the following (11-5) to (11-8).
- the Peltier elements 10A and 10B have the same basic structure as that of Example 3 (the element of FIG. 2 and Embodiment 2), and will be described with reference to FIGS. A perspective view of the manufactured Peltier element 10A is shown in FIG.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 5A Corresponding to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A under the substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N
- n-type thermoelectric conversion material Ba 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3
- a graphite sheet (manufactured by Otsuka Electric Co., Ltd.) was thermocompression bonded and laminated to prepare an n-type thermoelectric conversion part.
- the graphite sheet is 45 mm ⁇ 325 mm in square and 50 ⁇ m thick.
- a Bi-Te based material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the thermocompression bonding surface with the same n-type Bi—Te based material paste as the substrate.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a two-layer structure of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A made of graphite.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 5B Corresponding to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B under the substrate of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P
- a graphite sheet (manufactured by Otsuka Electric Co., Ltd.) was laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce a p-type thermoelectric conversion part.
- the graphite sheet is 45 mm x 325 mm square, 50 ⁇ m thick, and a Bi-Te based material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the thermocompression bonding surface with the same p-type Bi—Te based material paste as the substrate.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P has a two-layer structure of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B made of graphite.
- the graphite sheet has a width longer than that of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P. Therefore, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- An insulating layer 9 is formed, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P are arranged below the conductive substrate 2 with the insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- the electrodes 8A and 8B (10AH and 10BH in FIG. 10) made of an Al substrate having a 45 mm square ⁇ 150 mm square and a thickness of 0.2 mm extend beyond the stacked layers of the anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B. It was arranged at the lower end of each part. (See above, FIG. 2, FIG. 10, FIG. 14)
- the front and back surfaces of the Peltier elements 10A and 10B manufactured in the above process were covered and insulated with a 100 ⁇ m thick PET film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films).
- the endothermic action parts (electrodes 10AL and 10BL) of the Peltier elements 10A and 10B are arranged in contact with the low temperature action part (electrodes 8A and 8B) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1Q that contributes to power generation.
- the heat generating action parts (electrodes 10AH and 10BH) of 10A and 10B are arranged in contact with the high temperature action part (conductive substrate 2) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1Q to constitute the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1J.
- thermoelectric power generation characteristics of the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1J produced through the above steps were evaluated.
- a temperature difference ⁇ T: 350 (K) is given to the high temperature action part (conductive substrate 2) and the low temperature action part (electrodes 8A, 8B) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1Q, and a voltage of 2V ⁇ 2A is applied to each Peltier element 10A, 10B.
- -Current was supplied and continued to drive, and during that time, the voltage / current generated between the electrodes 8A and 8B of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1Q was detected and evaluated.
- An average output of about 9.4 W was detected for a total of 8 W input.
- thermoelectric conversion power generator 1K having the form of the eleventh embodiment (FIG. 11) was produced and the thermoelectric power generation was evaluated.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1K is a first thermoelectric conversion element 1D that contributes to power generation and a first Peltier element that is used to give a stable temperature difference to the first thermoelectric conversion element. 2 and 3rd thermoelectric conversion elements 20A and 20B are combined.
- the first thermoelectric conversion element 1D is an element having the form of Example 5 (Embodiment 4, FIG. 4), and was fabricated as in the following (12-1) to (12-4).
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ corresponding to the charge transport layer 5C
- a PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a thickness of 310 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m were laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N is placed on the other side of the graphite sheet corresponding to the lower surface of the lower graphite layer 5C. It was laminated on the lower surface of the end portion. Subsequently, a plate-like glass wool plate having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 5 mm corresponding to the insulating layer 9 and a thickness of 20.5 mm was prepared.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N has a five-layer structure of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, an upper charge transport layer 5C, a cavity (air layer), a lower charge transport layer 5C, and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N. It was.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ corresponding to the charge transport layer 5D
- a PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a thickness of 310 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P is used as the other graphite sheet corresponding to the lower surface of the lower graphite layer 5D. It was laminated on the lower surface of the end portion. Subsequently, a plate-like glass wool plate having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 5 mm and a thickness of 20.5 mm corresponding to the insulating layer 9 was prepared.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P The glass wool plate corresponding to the insulating layer 9, the side surface of the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3 ⁇ / b> P, and the remaining graphite sheet The side of the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P is bonded.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P is composed of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the upper charge transport layer 5D made of graphite, the cavity (air layer), the lower charge transport layer 5D made of graphite, and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- the layer 6P has a five-layer structure.
- thermoelectric conversion unit and a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit are bonded to the lower part of the conductive substrate 2 made of an Al substrate having a square of 100 mm ⁇ 310 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm.
- a paste of Bi-Te material is used for bonding.
- An n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N and a p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P are sandwiched between the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion and the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion with an insulating layer 9 made of a glass wool plate in the center of the Al substrate. Are disposed below the conductive substrate 2 so as to face each other.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm are disposed below the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P, respectively, and are in contact with the lower portions of the electrodes 8A and 8B.
- Second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 20A and 20B used as Peltier elements were arranged. (See above, FIG. 4 and FIG. 11)
- thermoelectric conversion elements 20A and 20B used as the Peltier elements of the apparatus of FIG. 11 were produced as in the following (12-5) to (12-8).
- the Peltier elements 20A and 20B have the same basic structure as that of the fourth embodiment (the elements in FIG. 3 and the third embodiment), and will be described with reference to FIGS. (See FIG. 14: perspective view of Peltier element 10A)
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N
- n-type thermoelectric conversion material Ba 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3
- a PGS graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) was laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce an n-type thermoelectric converter.
- the graphite sheet has a square of 45 mm x 335 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- a Bi-Te-based material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the thermocompression bonding surface with the same n-type Bi-Te-based material paste as the substrate.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a two-layer structure of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A made of graphite.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P
- a PGS graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) was laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce a p-type thermoelectric conversion part.
- the graphite sheet has a square of 45 mm x 335 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- a Bi-Te-based material layer of about 10 ⁇ m is formed on the thermocompression bonding surface with the same p-type Bi-Te-based material paste as the substrate.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P has a two-layer structure of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B made of graphite.
- the graphite sheet has a width longer than that of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P. Therefore, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B (20AH and 20BH in FIG. 11) made of an Al substrate having a square of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm beyond the stacked layers of anisotropic conductive material layers 5A and 5B It was arranged at the upper end of each part. (See FIG. 3, FIG. 11, FIG. 14)
- the front and back surfaces of the Peltier elements 20A and 20B manufactured in the above process were covered and insulated with a 100 ⁇ m thick PET film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films).
- the endothermic action parts (20AL, 20BL) of the Peltier elements 20A, 20B are arranged in contact with the low temperature action part (electrodes 8A, 8B) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1D that contributes to power generation.
- the high temperature action part (conductive substrate 2) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1D to constitute the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1K.
- thermoelectric power generation characteristics of the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1K produced by the above processes were evaluated.
- a temperature difference ⁇ T: 35 (K) is given to the high temperature action part (conductive substrate 2) and the low temperature action part (electrodes 8A, 8B) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1D, and a voltage of 2V ⁇ 2A is applied to each Peltier element 20A, 20B.
- -Current was supplied and continued to drive, and the voltage / current generated between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1D during that time was detected and evaluated.
- An average of about 16.1 W of output was detected for a total of 8 W of input.
- thermoelectric conversion power generator 1L having the form of the twelfth embodiment (FIG. 12) was produced and the thermoelectric power generation was evaluated.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1L is a first thermoelectric conversion element 1E that contributes to power generation and a first Peltier element that is used to give a stable temperature difference to the first thermoelectric conversion element. 2 and 3rd thermoelectric conversion elements 30A and 30B are combined.
- the first thermoelectric conversion element 1E is an element of the mode of Example 6 (Embodiment 5, FIG. 5), and was manufactured as in the following (13-1) to (13-4).
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N An angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm corresponding to the charge transport layer 5C under the substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having a thickness of 5 mm
- n-type thermoelectric conversion material Ba 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3
- the end of a PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a thickness of 310 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4A is bonded to the laminated layer under the graphite layer, and the remaining part of the graphite sheet corresponds to the heat insulating layer 4A. Adhere to the side and bottom of the glass wool board.
- a substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N was laminated on the lower surface of the lowermost graphite layer.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is composed of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the upper charge transport layer 5C made of graphite, the heat insulating layer 4A, the lower charge transport layer 5C made of graphite, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N.
- a five-layer structure was adopted.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P An angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm corresponding to the charge transport layer 5D under the substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having a thickness of 5 mm
- a p-type thermoelectric conversion material Ba 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3
- the ends of a PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a thickness of 310 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m were laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4B is adhered to the bottom of the graphite layer of the laminated portion, and the remaining portion of the graphite sheet corresponds to the heat insulating layer 4B.
- a substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P was laminated on the lower surface of the lowermost graphite layer.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part 1P has the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the upper charge transport layer 5D made of graphite, the heat insulating layer 4B, the lower charge transport layer 5D made of g graphite, and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P. 5 layer structure.
- An insulating layer 9 made of a glass wool plate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a height of 20.5 mm is formed in the lower center of the conductive substrate 2 made of an Al substrate having a corner of 100 mm ⁇ 310 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm,
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P are arranged below the conductive substrate 2 with the insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a square size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm are disposed below the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P, respectively, and are in contact with the lower portions of the electrodes 8A and 8B.
- Second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 30A and 30B used as Peltier elements were arranged. (Refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. 12 above.)
- thermoelectric conversion elements 30A and 30B used as the Peltier elements of the apparatus of FIG. 12 were produced as in the following (13-5) to (13-8). Since the Peltier elements 30A and 30B have the same basic structure as that of the seventh embodiment (the element in FIG. 6 and the sixth embodiment), the description will be made with reference to FIGS. A perspective view of the manufactured Peltier element 30A is shown in FIG.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N An angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, and an angle of 45 mm ⁇ corresponding to the charge transport layer 5C under the substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having a thickness of 5 mm
- n-type thermoelectric conversion material Ba 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3
- the ends of a PGS graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic having a thickness of 310 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m were laminated by thermocompression bonding.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4A is adhered to the bottom of the graphite layer of the laminated portion, and the remaining portion of the graphite sheet is attached to the side surface of the glass wool plate. Adhere to the bottom.
- a substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N is laminated on the lower surface of the graphite layer as the lowermost portion.
- a graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 220 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m corresponding to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A is laminated by thermocompression bonding to form the n-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1N.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion part 1N is composed of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the upper charge transport layer 5C, the heat insulating layer 4A, the lower charge transport layer 5C, the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, and the anisotropic conductive material layer.
- 5A 6-layer structure was adopted. In the case of this structure, since the graphite sheet is longer than the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P 45 mm thick p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ), 45 mm square corresponding to the charge transport layer 5D ⁇
- p-type thermoelectric conversion material Ba 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a corner of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4B is bonded to the bottom of the graphite layer of the laminated portion, and the remaining portion of the graphite sheet is attached to the side surface of the glass wool plate. Adhere to the bottom.
- a graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) having a square of 45 mm ⁇ 220 mm and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m corresponding to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B is laminated by thermocompression bonding to form the p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part is composed of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the upper charge transport layer 5D, the heat insulating layer 4B, the lower charge transport layer 5D, the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P, and the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B. 6-layer structure.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B since the graphite sheet is longer than the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- the front and back surfaces of the Peltier elements 30A and 30B manufactured by the above steps were covered and insulated with a 100 ⁇ m thick PET film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films).
- the endothermic action parts (electrodes 30AL and 30BL) of the Peltier elements 30A and 30B are arranged in contact with the low temperature action part (electrodes 8A and 8B) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1E that contributes to power generation.
- 30A, 30B exothermic action part (electrode 30AH, 30BH) is arranged in contact with the object arranged on the high temperature action part (conductive substrate 2) of thermoelectric conversion element 1E, and thermoelectric conversion power generator 1L is arranged.
- thermoelectric power generation characteristics of the thermoelectric conversion power generator 1L produced through the above steps were evaluated.
- a temperature difference ⁇ T: 35 (K) is applied to the high temperature acting part (object) and the low temperature acting part (electrodes 8A, 8B) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1E, and a voltage / current of 2V ⁇ 2A is applied to each Peltier element 30A, 30B.
- the voltage / current generated between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E during that time was detected and evaluated.
- An average output of about 15.7 W was detected for a total of 8 W input.
- thermoelectric conversion power generator 1M having the form of the thirteenth embodiment (FIG. 13) was produced and the thermoelectric power generation was evaluated.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1M is a first thermoelectric conversion element 1G that contributes to power generation and a first Peltier element that is used to give a stable temperature difference to the first thermoelectric conversion element. 2.
- the first thermoelectric conversion element 1G is an element of the mode of Example 8 (Embodiment 7, FIG. 7), and was fabricated as in the following (14-1) to (14-4).
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a diameter of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm having through-holes of ⁇ 2 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4A on the entire surface at a pitch of 10 mm is prepared.
- the inside was coated with a layer of mixed crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized at 1100 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method.
- the glass wool plate coated with the charge transport material is bonded to a substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a three-layer structure of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, the heat insulating layer 4A, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a diameter of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm having through-holes of ⁇ 2 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4B on the entire surface at a pitch of 10 mm is prepared.
- the inside was coated with a layer of mixed crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized at 1100 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method.
- the glass wool plate coated with the charge transport material is bonded to a substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P a substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P was laminated on the lower surface of the glass wool plate.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P has a three-layer structure of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, the heat insulating layer 4B, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P.
- An insulating layer 9 made of a glass wool plate having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a height of 20.5 mm is formed at the lower center of the conductive substrate 2 made of an Al substrate having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 310 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm,
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N and the p-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1P are arranged below the conductive substrate 2 with the insulating layer 9 interposed therebetween.
- An Al paste was used for adhesion to the conductive substrate 2.
- Electrodes 8A and 8B made of an Al substrate having a square size of 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm are arranged below the thermoelectric conversion material layers 6N and 6P, respectively, and are in contact with the lower portions of the electrodes 8A and 8B.
- Second and third thermoelectric conversion elements 40A and 40B used as Peltier elements were arranged. (See FIG. 7 and FIG. 13 above)
- thermoelectric conversion elements 40A and 40B used as the Peltier elements of the apparatus shown in FIG. 13 were produced as in the following (14-5) to (14-8).
- the Peltier elements 40A and 40B have the same basic structure as that of Example 9 (the element of FIG. 8 and Embodiment 8), and will be described with reference to FIGS. (See FIG. 15: Perspective view of Peltier element 30A)
- a plate-like glass wool plate having a square 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm having through-holes of ⁇ 2 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4A at a 10 mm pitch on the entire surface is prepared.
- the inside was coated with a layer of mixed crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized at 1100 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method.
- the glass wool plate coated with the charge transport material is bonded to a substrate of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 ) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N is laminated on the lower surface of the glass wool plate, and the thermoelectric conversion material layer Under the 6N substrate, a graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 345 mm corresponding to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce an n-type thermoelectric conversion section 1N.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion portion 1N has a four-layer structure of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3N, a heat insulating layer 4A, an n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, and an anisotropic conductive material layer 5A.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A since the graphite sheet is longer than the n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6N, the anisotropic conductive material layer 5A has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- a plate-like glass wool plate having 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm having through-holes of ⁇ 1 mm corresponding to the heat insulating layer 4B on the entire surface at a pitch of 5 mm is prepared. Inside, a layer in which crystalline graphite and graphene synthesized at 1100 ° C. using acetylene as a raw material by a vapor phase method was mixed was coated. The glass wool plate coated with the charge transport material is bonded to a substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having a corner of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P.
- a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having a corner of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P.
- thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P a substrate of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 150 mm and a thickness of 5 mm corresponding to the thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P is laminated on the lower surface of the glass wool plate, and the thermoelectric conversion material layer Under the 6P substrate, a graphite sheet (manufactured by Panasonic) having an angle of 45 mm ⁇ 345 mm corresponding to the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B and a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was laminated by thermocompression bonding to produce a p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 1P.
- a graphite sheet manufactured by Panasonic
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion part has a four-layer structure of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P, a heat insulating layer 4B, a p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P, and an anisotropic conductive material layer 5B.
- the above-mentioned paste of Bi-Te material was used for adhesion.
- the anisotropic conductive material layer 5B has an extending portion that protrudes from the stack.
- the front and back surfaces of the Peltier elements 40A and 40B manufactured through the above steps were covered and insulated with a 100 ⁇ m thick PET film (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films). 13 the endothermic action portions (electrodes 40AL and 40BL) of the Peltier elements 40A and 40B are arranged in contact with the low temperature action portions (electrodes 8A and 8B) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1G that contributes to power generation, and the Peltier elements
- the heating action portions (electrodes 40AH and 40BH) of 40A and 40B are arranged in contact with the high temperature action portion (conductive substrate 2) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1G, and constitute the thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1M.
- thermoelectric power generation characteristics of the thermoelectric conversion power generation device 1M produced through the above steps were evaluated.
- a temperature difference ⁇ T: 35 (K) is applied to the high temperature acting part (object) and the low temperature acting part (electrodes 8A, 8B) of the thermoelectric conversion element 1E, and a voltage / current of 2V ⁇ 2A is applied to each Peltier element 40A, 40B.
- the voltage / current generated between the electrode 8A and the electrode 8B of the thermoelectric conversion power generation element 1E during that time was detected and evaluated.
- An average output of about 15.8 W could be detected for a total of 8 W input.
- thermoelectric conversion elements of Embodiments 1 to 9 described above are not only used alone, but a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements may be combined to constitute a thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus. The combination is not limited to the examples described in the present specification.
- the thermoelectric conversion power generation device includes the thermoelectric conversion element 1B of the third embodiment and the thermoelectric conversion element 1E of the fifth embodiment.
- it may be a thermoelectric conversion power generation device including the thermoelectric conversion element 1D of the fourth embodiment and the thermoelectric conversion element 1H of the eighth embodiment.
- thermoelectric conversion elements 1J, 1K, 1L, 1M of the present invention Thermoelectric conversion power generation apparatus 1Q of the present invention: Conventional thermoelectric conversion element 1N: n-type Thermoelectric conversion unit 1P: p-type thermoelectric conversion unit 2: conductive substrate (first electrode) 3N: n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 3P: p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 4A, 4C: first heat insulating layer 4B, 4D: second heat insulating layer 5A: first anisotropic conductive material layer 5B: second anisotropic conductive material Material layer 5C: first charge transport layer 5D: second charge transport layer 6N: n-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 6P: p-type thermoelectric conversion material layer 7A: first through hole 7B: second through hole 8A: second Electrode 8B: Third electrode 9: Insulating layer 10A, 20A, 30A, 40
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Abstract
Description
図17に示すように、従来の熱電変換素子100は、対向する複数の電極(金属電極)120,121,180と、電極間に配置されたn型熱電変換半導体からなるブロック体130及びp型熱電変換半導体からなるブロック体131とで構成されている。ブロック体130,131は、その一端(接合端)で電極180によって互いに電気的に接続され、n型熱電変換半導体のブロック体とp型熱電変換半導体のブロック体とが直列に接続されている。また、ブロック体130,131は、もう一方の端で電極120,121に接続されている。
Q=QP-QR-QK・・・(1)
また、すなわちブロック体の高さ(電極180と電極120,121との間隔)をL、ブロック体の断面積(前記高さ方向に垂直な面の断面積)をSとしたとき、QRはブロック体の高さLに比例し断面積Sに反比例する。さらに、QKはブロック体の断面積Sに比例し高さLに反比例する。熱電素子の形状について考えると、例えば、ブロック体の高さLが決まっている場合、断面積Sを広くするほどQRは小さくなるが、QKは大きくなってしまう。すなわち、材料の特性が決まれば、理想的な熱電変換効率を引き出す素子形状として断面積Sと高さLの関係は一義的に決まってしまう。
また、本発明によれば、少なくとも熱電変換発電素子とペルチェ素子を組み合わせてなる熱電変換発電装置であり、該ペルチェ素子により該熱電変換発電素子の低温作用部を吸熱し、且つ該熱電変換発電素子の高温作用部あるいは高温作用部に接触する熱だめとなる対象物に放熱し、該熱電変換発電素子で発電する熱電変換発電装置が提供される。
本発明の熱電変換素子は電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層を有していることに特徴がある。熱電変換素子は、高い熱電能、高い電気伝導率、低い熱伝導率の三特性を同時に満たすことを必要とするが、従来の熱電変換素子は、この三特性を材料に持たせることで開発を進めてきた。しかしながら、三特性を同時に満たす材料はピンポイントでしか得ることができないため、三特性全てを材料に持たせることでは特性の優れた熱電変換素子を開発することは困難である。本発明は、熱電変換素子に電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層を形成することで、高い電気伝導率と低い熱伝導率を同時に満たすことができる素子構造を実現させたものであり、従来の熱電変換素子に比べて熱電変換効率が非常に高い熱電変換素子を提供することが可能となる。且つ、大面積化ができ、常温の空間で発電できる熱電変換素子及び熱電変換発電装置を提供するものである。また、本発明の熱電変換素子に使用される熱電変換材料は、熱電能のみが高い特性を有しておればよいという効果も同時に有する。
グラファイトや結晶性黒鉛は、層間では半導体的な性質であり、層面内は金属的導電性を示す。グラファイトと熱電変換材料との接触では、金属と熱電変換材料との接触により生じるような発熱作用は生じないことから、グラファイト全体としてグラファイトのπ*軌道よりなる伝導帯のエネルギー準位とBi-Te系材料等の熱電変換材料の伝導帯のエネルギー準位が近く、キャリアの移動でエネルギー放出がほとんど生じないものと考えられる。このため、熱電変換材料層とグラファイト層とを積層して使用することができる。また、グラファイトは導電性に対して異方性を有しており、天然黒鉛から製造したシートは、層面内方向の電気伝導率が2000~7000(S/cm)程度で、厚み方向の電気伝導率が1(S/cm)程度あり、ポリイミド等の高分子シートをグラファイト化させたグラファイトシートは、層面内方向の電気伝導率が10000~25000(S/cm)程度であり、厚み方向の電気伝導率が5(S/cm)程度ある。熱電変換材料の電気伝導率が500~900(S/cm)程度であり、どちらのグラファイトシートを使用してもグラファイトの層面内方向の高い電気伝導率を利用して有効な電荷輸送層或いは異方性導電材料層として利用することができる。
また、結晶性黒鉛、グラフェンは、アセチレンを原料として気相法で1000℃~1500℃の範囲で合成する。一般には、NiやCoと等の金属触媒下で合成されるが、本発明では金属触媒を使用せずに気相で分解・合成を行う。結晶性黒鉛とグラフェンが混在した層を形成して熱電変換素子に使用することが好ましい。
本発明の異方性導電性材料層は、層面内方向の電気伝導率が厚さ方向の電気伝導率よりも大きい特性を有するものである。この異方性導電材料層の導電異方性を利用することにより、異方性導電材料に接触して、或いは異方性導電材料の近傍に配置する電極は、異方性導電材料の層面内の一部分に配置することが可能となる。よって、熱電変換素子の高温作用部(発熱作用部)として働いている一方の電極と、低温作用部(吸熱作用部)として働いている他方の電極が、立体配置的にある程度の距離をもって隔たたせることが可能となる。その立体配置により、高温作用部と低温作用部間を熱伝導する式(1)の熱量:QKを抑制でき熱電変換効率の改善を図ることができる。また、従来のようなモジュール構造を有さないで、一つの素子で広い面積を有する構成の熱電変換素子を実現できる。
電荷輸送材料を電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層に使用する場合は、熱電変換材料の電気伝導率が500~900(S/cm)程度であることから、電荷輸送材料の電気伝導率は2000(S/cm)以上であることが好ましい。しかしながら、半導体の電気伝導特性のみを有する電荷輸送材料は電気伝導率を2000(S/cm)以上にすることは困難であり、本発明の電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層に使用することは難しい。一方、電荷輸送材料を異方性導電材料層に使用する場合は、電荷輸送材料の電気伝導率が100~500(S/cm)であれば有効に使用することができる。よって本発明においては、半導体の電気伝導特性を有する電荷輸送材料を異方性導電材料層に使用する。特に、n型熱電変換部に含まれる電荷輸送層においては、電子輸送材料を使用することが好ましく、p型熱電変換部に含まれる電荷輸送層においては、正孔輸送材料を使用することが好ましい。
熱電変換部の熱電変換材料層と積層される異方性導電材料層は、異方性導電材料層の導電異方性を利用することにより、熱電変換材料層と接触する面積よりも大きい面積を有する異方性導電性材料を積層して積層構造からはみ出してなる延在部を有する熱電変換部を構成することが可能となる。この延在部に一方の電極を配置することにより、立体配置により熱電変換素子の高温作用部と低温作用部を隔たたせることが可能となり、高温作用部(発熱作用部)と低温作用部(吸熱作用部)間で熱伝導する熱量:QKをより抑制でき熱電変換効率の改善を図ることができる。また、従来のようなモジュール構造を有さないで、一つの素子で広い面積を有する構成の熱電変換素子を実現できる。
上記の構造を有する熱電変換素子は、下部電荷輸送層と上部電荷輸送層が該熱電変換部の側面で一定の距離をおいて繋がることにより空洞部分に空気層ができ、この空気層の低い熱伝導性と、電荷輸送層の高い導電性を利用して、熱電変換素子の熱伝導部分と電気伝導部分を立体配置的に離間させることが可能となる。その立体配置により高温作用部と低温作用部間で熱伝導する熱量:QKを抑制し、且つ高い電気伝導性を確保できるため高い熱電変換効率が実現できる。また、従来のようなモジュール構造を有さないで、一つの素子で広い面積を有する構成の熱電変換素子を実現できる。
断熱層としては、熱伝導率が0.5W/(m・K)以下、好ましくは0.3W/(m・K)以下の断熱材料を使用することが好ましい。また、製造上の制約により発火点550℃以上の耐熱性を有することが好ましい。具体的な断熱材料としては、シリカ、多孔質シリカ、ガラス、ガラスウール、ロックウール、けいそう土、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、シリコン樹脂、或いは中空粒子形状の無機粒子等があげられる。また、断熱層として、市販されているガラスウールやロックウールをフェノール樹脂やメラミン樹脂で固めた断熱材基板をそのまま使用しても良い。
上記の構造を有する熱電変換素子は、断熱材層の低い熱伝導性と、電荷輸送層の高導電性を利用して、熱電変換素子の熱伝導部分と電気伝導部分を立体配置的に離間させることが可能となる。その立体配置により高温作用部と低温作用部間で熱伝導する熱量:QKを抑制し、且つ高い電気伝導性を確保できるため高い熱電変換効率が実現できる。また、従来のようなモジュール構造を有さないで、一つの素子で広い面積を有する構成の熱電変換素子を実現できる。この素子構造においては、電荷輸送材料としてグラファイトシート等を使用することが好ましい。
上記の断熱材基板に貫通孔を形成して、貫通孔に熱電変換材料を充填する工程を経て、断熱材層と熱電変換材料層を積層した熱電変換素子を作製する。貫通孔に高導電性の電荷輸送材料を充填することで、熱電変換素子として高い電気導電率が確保される。貫通孔の形成は機械的にドリル等で貫通孔を設けても良いし、レーザー光の照射で貫通孔を形成してもよい。電荷輸送材料としては、グラファイト、結晶性黒鉛、グラフェン、電子輸送材料、正孔輸送材料等を使用することができる。
上記の構造を有する熱電変換素子は、断熱材層の低い熱伝導性と、電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層の高導電性を利用して、熱電変換素子の熱伝導部分と電気伝導部分を立体配置的に離間させることが可能となる。その立体配置により高温作用部と低温作用部間で熱伝導する熱量:QKを抑制し、且つ高い電気伝導性を確保できるため高い熱電変換効率が実現できる。
多孔質材の形成方法としては、上記の断熱材基板やガラス等をボールミル等の粉砕機で粉砕して製造した断熱材粉末、或いは多孔質シリカ粒子、けいそう土、中空粒子形状の無機粒子等の断熱材微粒子に、樹脂粒子と、熱電変換材料粉末を混合後、有機溶媒やバインダーを加えて混練することによりペースト化する。このペーストをステンレス板等の剥離基板上に塗布印刷し、加熱することによりペーストに添加されている樹脂粒子を燃焼消失させることで多孔質な断熱層を形成し、剥離基板から剥離して断熱材基板とする。樹脂粒子としては、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエチレン等の粒子を使用することができるが、350℃で略完全に消失するポリメチルメタクリレートが好ましい。 また、中空粒子形状の無機粒子としては、中空シリカ粒子、中空アルミナ粒子や中空チタニア粒子等が知られている。電荷輸送材料としては、グラファイト、結晶性黒鉛、グラフェン、電子輸送材料、正孔輸送材料等を使用することができる。
上記のように、孔内(多孔質材)に高導電性の電荷輸送材料を充填することで、熱電変換素子として高い電気導電率が確保される。この構造を有する熱電変換素子は、断熱材層の低い熱伝導性と、電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層の高導電性を利用して、熱電変換素子の熱伝導部分と電気伝導部分を立体配置的に離間させることが可能となる。その立体配置により高温作用部と低温作用部間で熱伝導する熱量:QKを抑制し、且つ高い電気伝導性を確保できるため高い熱電変換効率が実現できる。
また本発明は、前記ペルチェ素子として、少なくとも熱電変換材料層と異方性導電材料層が積層された熱電変換部を有し、異方性導電材料層は積層構造からはみ出してなる延在部を有する熱電変換素子を使用し、前記熱電変換発電素子として、少なくとも熱電変換材料部或いは熱電変換材料層と電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層を有する熱電変換部を備え、該熱電変換部と電極よりなる熱電変換素子を使用する熱電変換発電装置であってもよい。
ここで低温作用部とは熱電変換発電素子の低温側電極あるいは低温側電極付近の熱電変換部であり、高温作用部とは熱電変換発電素子の高温側電極あるいは高温側電極付近の熱電変換部を指す。特に、ペルチェ素子として、少なくとも本発明の熱電変換材料層と異方性導電材料層が積層され、異方性導電材料層が積層構造からはみ出してなる延在部を有し、延在部に電極を有する熱電変換素子を使用することにより上記熱電変換発電装置の動作を容易に実現化することが可能となる。
また、上記の熱電変換発電装置に使用される熱電変換素子は、熱電変換素子に電荷輸送層を形成することで、高い電気伝導率と低い熱伝導率を同時に満たすことができる素子構造を実現させたものである。更に、断熱層を用いることでより低い熱伝導率を実現することができる。よって、従来の熱電変換素子に比べて熱電変換効率が非常に高い熱電変換素子を提供することが可能となり、高い熱電発電効率が実現できる。
図1は本発明の実施形態1に係る熱電変換素子1Aの上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図1において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図A-A線における断面図、(3)が下面図である。
図1に示すように、実施形態1に係る熱電変換素子1Aは、導電性基板2(第1電極)と、導電性基板2と略平行に配置された電極8A,8B(第2又は第3電極)と、導電性基板2と電極8Aとの間に配置されたn型熱電変換部1Nと、導電性基板2と電極8Bとの間に配置されたp型熱電変換部1Pとを備えている。より詳細には、本実施形態の熱電変換素子1Aは、導電性基板2(第1電極)と、導電性基板2上に形成されたn型及びp型熱電変換部1N、1Pと、n型熱電変換部1N上に形成された第2電極8A及びp型熱電変換部1P上に形成された第3電極8Bとで構成され、n型熱電変換部1Nは、n型熱電変換材料層3N、第1異方性導電材料層5Aの順で、p型熱電変換部1Pは、p型熱電変換材料層3P、第2異方性導電材料層5Bの順で、それぞれ導電性基板2上に積層されている。また、n型熱電変換部6Nとp型熱電変換部6Pは、絶縁層9(絶縁体)を挟み、互いに離れて配置されている。
ここで、本明細書において、その作用から前者を発熱作用部、後者を吸熱作用部と呼ぶ。また、例えば発電素子として使用する場合、第2および第3電極8A,8B側を低温に、導電性基板2側を高温にすると、この熱電変換素子1Aは、その温度差を利用して熱エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換して発電するので、この作用から前者を低温作用部、後者を高温作用部とも呼ぶ。
以上の工程を、n型のBi-Te系材料の基板、p型のBi-Te系材料の基板、それぞれについて行い、n型Bi-Te系材料層とグラファイト層からなるn型熱電変換部6Nと、p型Bi-Te系材料層とグラファイト層からなるp型熱電変換部6Pとを作製する。
なお、絶縁層9は、本実施形態ではグラスウール板が用いられている。この絶縁層9は、n型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pとを電気的に絶縁するための層であるので、必要な絶縁性を考慮して適宜周知の絶縁材料で形成すればよい。Al基板上にグラスウール板を接着するには、グラスウール板の接着面にAlペーストを塗布しその接着面をAl基板に密着させて加熱することにより接着した。
実施形態1では、異方性導電材料の電気伝導率の異方性を利用することにより、図1に示すように,電極8A,8Bの面積を小さくし、且つ導電性基板2と電極8A,8Bが上方から見た平面配置において重ならない部分を形成することができる。このため、発熱作用部(電極8A,8Bの領域)から吸熱作用部(導電性基板2の領域)への熱伝導が立体配置的に抑制されることになる。従って、本実施形態の熱電変換素子1Aは、高い熱電変換効率が実現できる。
次に、実施形態2に係る熱電変換素子1Bについて説明する。図2は、本発明の実施形態2に係る熱電変換素子の上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図2において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図A-A線における断面図、(3)が下面図である。
図2に示すように、電極の配置の例として挙げる熱電変換素子1Bは、実施形態1に係る熱電変換素子1Aと同様のn型熱電変換部1N及びp型熱電変換部1Pを備えているが、導電性基板2及び電極8A,8Bの配置が異なり、導電性基板2と電極8A,8Bとが上方から見た平面配置において互いに重なる部分がなく分離されて配置されている。
本実施形態では、例えば、異方性導電材料として、熱電変換材料層よりも長く積層構造からはみ出した延在部を有する形状のグラファイトシートを使用する。n型熱電変換部1N及びp型熱電変換部1Pに、延在部を有する異方性導電材料層5A,5Bが設けられ、異方性導電材料層の延在部・上部に電極8A,8Bが配置される。
また、図2(2)に示したように、第2異方性導電材料層5Bは、p型熱電変換材料層3Pと接触する側の第3主要面とそれに対面する側の第4主要面とを有している。p型熱電変換材料層3Pは、第3主要面下の一部に設けられており、第3主要面には、p型熱電変換材料層が設けられていない表面がある。この表面を有する第2異方性導電材料層5Bの部分を延在部という。熱電変換素子1Bでは、第4主要面上の延在部に第3電極8Bが設けられる。
なお、図2の例における熱電変換部の作用効果は、実施形態1の熱電変換素子1Aのそれと同様であり、その製造方法もほぼ同じである。
次に、実施形態3に係る熱電変換素子1Cについて説明する。図3は、本発明の実施形態3に係る熱電変換素子の上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図3において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図A-A線における断面図、(3)が下面図である。
図3に示すように、熱電変換素子1Cは、実施形態2に係る熱電変換素子1Bとほぼ同様の素子構造を有しており、電極8A,8Bが配置される異方性導電材料層の面が異なるだけであり、異方性導電材料層の延在部・下部に電極8A,8Bが配置される。
また、図3(2)に示したように、熱電変換素子1Cでは、第2異方性導電材料層5Bのp型熱電変換材料層3Pと接触する側の第3主要面下の延在部に第3電極8Bが設けられる。
次に、実施形態4に係る熱電変換素子1Dについて説明する。図4は、本発明の実施形態4に係る熱電変換素子の上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図4において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図A-A線における断面図、(3)が下面図である。
図4に示すように、本実施形態に係る熱電変換素子1Dは、導電性基板2(第1電極)と、導電性基板2上に形成されたn型熱電変換部1N及びp型熱電変換部1Pと、n型熱電変換部1N上に形成された電極8A及びp型熱電変換部1P上に形成された電極8B(第2及び第3電極)とで構成されている。また、n型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pは、絶縁層9(絶縁体)を挟み、互いに離れて配置されている。n型熱電変換部1Nは、n型熱電変換材料層3N、下部電荷輸送層5C、空洞部分(空気層)、上部電荷輸送層5C、n型熱電変換材料層6Nの順で導電性基板2上に積層されており、下部電荷輸送層5Cと上部電荷輸送層5Cとは絶縁層9の側面で繋がる一つの層であり電気的接触が取れるように配置されている。p型熱電変換部1Pは、p型熱電変換材料層3P、下部電荷輸送層5D、空洞部分(空気層)、上部電荷輸送層5D、p型熱電変換材料層6Pの順で導電性基板2上に積層されており、下部電荷輸送層5Dと上部電荷輸送層5Dとは絶縁層9の側面で繋がる一つの層であり電気的接触が取れるように配置されている。
次に、実施形態5に係る熱電変換素子1Eについて説明する。図5は、本発明の実施形態5に係る熱電変換素子の上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図5において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図A-A線における断面図、(3)が下面図である。
図5に示すように、本実施形態に係る熱電変換素子1Eは、導電性基板2(第1電極)と、導電性基板2上に形成されたn型熱電変換部1N及びp型熱電変換部1Pと、n型熱電変換部1N上に形成された電極8A及びP型熱電変換部1P上に形成された電極8B(第2及び第3電極)とで構成されている。また、n型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pは、絶縁層9(絶縁体)を挟み、互いに離れて配置されている。n型熱電変換部1Nは、n型熱電変換材料層3N、下部電荷輸送層5C、断熱層4A、上部電荷輸送層5C、n型熱電変換材料層6Nの順で導電性基板2上に積層されており、下部電荷輸送層5Cと上部電荷輸送層5Cとは断熱層4Aの側面で繋がる一つの層であり電気的接触が取れるように配置されている。p型熱電変換部1Pは、P型熱電変換材料層3P、下部電荷輸送層5D、断熱層4B、上部電荷輸送層5D、P型熱電変換材料層6Pの順で導電性基板2上に積層されており、下部電荷輸送層5Dと上部電荷輸送層5Dとは断熱層4Bの側面で繋がる一つの層であり電気的接触が取れるように配置されている。
次に、実施形態6に係る熱電変換素子1Fについて説明する。図6は、本発明の実施形態6に係る熱電変換素子の上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図6において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図A-A線における断面図、(3)が下面図である。
図6に示すように、本実施形態に係る熱電変換素子1Fは、導電性基板2(第1電極)と、導電性基板2上に形成されたn型熱電変換部1N及びp型熱電変換部1Pと、n型熱電変換部1N上に形成された電極8A及びp型熱電変換部1P上に形成された電極8B(第2及び第3電極)とで構成されている。また、n型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pは、絶縁層9(絶縁体)を挟み、互いに離れて配置されている。n型熱電変換部1Nは、n型熱電変換材料層3N、下部電荷輸送層5C、断熱層4A、上部電荷輸送層5C、n型熱電変換材料層6N、第1異方性導電材料層5Aの順で導電性基板2上に積層されており、下部電荷輸送層5Cと上部電荷輸送層5Cとは断熱層4Aの側面で繋がる一つの層であり電気的接触が取れるように配置されている。異方性導電材料層5Aは積層部分からはみ出した延在部を有しており、異方性導電材料層5Aの延在部上に電極8Aが配置される。p型熱電変換部1Pは、P型熱電変換材料層3P、下部電荷輸送層5D、断熱層4B、上部電荷輸送層5D、P型熱電変換材料層6P、第2異方性導電材料層5Bの順で導電性基板2上に積層されており、下部電荷輸送層5Dと上部電荷輸送層5Dとは断熱層4Bの側面で繋がる一つの層であり電気的接触が取れるように配置されている。異方性導電材料層5Bは積層部分からはみ出した延在部を有しており、異方性導電材料層5Bの延在部上に電極8Bが配置される。
次に、実施形態7に係る熱電変換素子1Gについて説明する。図7は、本発明の実施形態7に係る熱電変換素子の上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図7において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図A-A線における断面図、(3)が下面図である。
図7に示すように、実施形態7に係る熱電変換素子1Gは、導電性基板2(第1電極)と、導電性基板2上に形成されたn型熱電変換部1N及びp型熱電変換部1Pと、n型熱電変換部1N上に形成された電極8A及びP型熱電変換部1P上に形成された電極8B(第2及び第3電極)とで構成されている。また、n型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pは、絶縁層9(絶縁体)を挟み、互いに離れて配置されている。n型熱電変換部1Nは、n型熱電変換材料層3N、断熱層4A、n型熱電変換材料層6Nの順で、p型熱電変換部1Pは、P型熱電変換材料層3P、断熱層4B、P型熱電変換材料層6Pの各層の順で、それぞれ導電性基板2上に積層されている。断熱層4Aには貫通孔7Aが、断熱層4Bには貫通孔7Bが形成されている。
次に、実施形態8に係る熱電変換素子1Hについて説明する。図8は、本発明の実施形態8に係る熱電変換素子の上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図8において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図におけるA-A線断面図、(3)が下面図である。
図8に示すように、実施形態8に係る熱電変換素子1Hは、導電性基板2(第1電極)と、導電性基板2上に形成されたn型熱電変換部1N及びp型熱電変換部1Pと、n型熱電変換部1N上に形成された電極8A及びp型熱電変換部1P上に形成された電極8B(第2及び第3電極)とで構成されている。また、n型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pは、絶縁層9(絶縁体)を挟み、互いに離れて配置されている。n型熱電変換部1Nは、n型熱電変換材料層3N、断熱層4A、n型熱電変換材料層6N、第1異方性導電材料層5Aの順で導電性基板2上に積層されており、異方性導電材料層5Aは積層部分からはみ出した延在部を有しており、異方性導電材料層5Aの延在部上に電極8Aが配置される。p型熱電変換部1Pは、P型熱電変換材料層3P、断熱層4B、P型熱電変換材料層6P、第2異方性導電材料層5Bの順で導電性基板2上に積層されており、異方性導電材料層5Bは積層部分からはみ出した延在部を有しており、異方性導電材料層5Bの延在部上に電極8Bが配置される。また、断熱層4Aには貫通孔7Aが、断熱層4Bには貫通孔7Bが形成されている。
次に、実施形態9に係る熱電変換素子1Iについて説明する。図9は、本発明の実施形態9に係る熱電変換素子の上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図9において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図におけるA-A線断面図、(3)が下面図である。
図9に示すように、本実施形態に係る熱電変換素子1Iは、実施形態7の熱電変換素子1Gとほぼ同様の構成であるが、熱電変換素子1Gの断熱層4A,4Bが、熱電変換素子1Iでは多孔質の断熱材料で形成された断熱層4C,4Dになっており、断熱層4C,4Dには貫通孔7A,7Bが形成されていない点が異なる。
・グラスウール基板の断熱材粉末:100部
・メラミン樹脂:60部
・ポリメチルメタクリレート:40部
・テレピネオール:15部
・エチルセルロース:5部
以上のように断熱層4C,4Dに相当する電荷輸送材料がコートされた多孔質の断熱材基板と、熱電変換材料の基板を積層することで本実施形態の熱電変換素子1Iを作製する。
図16は比較形態1に係る従来の熱電変換素子の上面図、断面図及び下面図である。図16において、(1)が上面図、(2)が上面図におけるA-A線断面図、(3)が下面図である。図16に示すように、比較形態1に係る熱電変換素子1Qは、導電性基板2(第1電極)と、導電性基板2上に形成されたN型熱電変換材料層3NよりなるN型熱電変換部1N、及びP型熱電変換材料層3PよりなるP型熱電変換部1Pと、N型熱電変換部1N上に形成された電極8A及びP型熱電変換部1P上に形成された電極8B(第2及び第3電極)とで構成されている。また、N型熱電変換部1NとP型熱電変換部1Pは、絶縁層9(絶縁体)を挟み、互いに離れて配置されている。熱電変換素子1Qは、従来の素子構造の熱電変換素子であり、電荷輸送層は有さない。
次に、実施形態10に係る熱電変換発電装置について説明する。図10は、本発明の実施形態10に係る熱電変換発電装置(複数の熱電変換素子を備える装置)の断面図である。図10に示すように、本実施形態に係る熱電変換発電装置1Jは、従来の素子構造を有する熱電変換素子1Qと、さらに別の熱電変換素子10A,10Bとで構成されている。ここで、熱電変換素子1Qは発電に寄与する熱電変換発電素子であり、熱電変換素子10A,10Bは熱電変換素子1Qを効率よく発電させるためのペルチェ素子である。
次に、実施形態11に係る熱電変換発電装置について説明する。図11は、本発明の実施形態11に係る熱電変換発電装置の断面図である。図11に示すように、本実施形態に係る熱電変換発電装置1Kは、その構成が実施形態10の熱電変換発電装置1Jとほぼ同じである。本実施形態の熱電変換発電装置1Kは、発電素子として使用される本発明の熱電変換素子1D(実施形態4の熱電変換素子)と、ペルチェ素子として使用される本発明の熱電変換素子20A,20B(実施形態3の熱電変換素子)とで構成される。
次に、実施形態12に係る熱電変換発電装置について説明する。図12は、本発明の実施形態12に係る熱電変換発電装置の断面図である。図12に示すように、本実施形態に係る熱電変換発電装置1Lは、その構成が実施形態10の熱電変換発電装置1Jとほぼ同じである。本実施形態の熱電変換発電装置1Lは、発電素子として使用される本発明の熱電変換素子1E(実施形態5の熱電変換素子)と、ペルチェ素子として使用される本発明の熱電変換素子30A,30B(実施形態6の熱電変換素子)とで構成される。
次に、実施形態13に係る熱電変換発電装置について説明する。図13は、本発明の実施形態13に係る熱電変換発電装置の断面図である。図13に示すように、本実施形態に係る熱電変換発電装置1Mは、その構成が実施形態10の熱電変換発電装置1Jとほぼ同じである。本実施形態の熱電変換発電装置1Mは、発電素子として使用される本発明の熱電変換素子1G(実施形態7の熱電変換素子)と、ペルチェ素子として使用される本発明の熱電変換素子40A,40B(実施形態8の熱電変換素子)とで構成される。
まず、熱電変換素子として評価する前に、n型熱電変換部、p型熱電変換部の性能(熱電特性)の評価を行った。
性能評価用の試料は、Bi-Te系材料の基板を使用して製造したn型,p型熱電変換部を、必要な寸法に切り出して研磨し評価用試料を作製した。n型,p型熱電変換部の評価用試料のサイズは、熱電特性評価試料:角20mm×20mm,厚さ10mm~11mm程度、熱伝導率測定試料:角50mm×50mm,厚さ10mm~11mm程度とした。
異方性導電材料層としてグラファイトシートを使用する実施形態1(図1参照)のn型熱電変換部とp型熱電変換部を以下の工程で作製した。
異方性導電材料層として電荷輸送材料を使用する実施形態1(図1参照)のn型熱電変換部とp型熱電変換部を以下の工程で作製した。
・ポリカーボネート樹脂:100部
・ジフェノキノン化合物(化1):15部
・テトラヒドロフラン溶剤:300部
・ポリカーボネート樹脂:100部
・ヒゾラゾン系化合物(化2):20部
・テトラヒドロフラン溶剤:300部
電荷輸送層としてグラファイトシートを使用する実施形態4(図4参照)のn型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pを以下の工程で作製した。
・Bi-Te系材料粉末:100部
・テレピネオール:10部
・エチルセルロース:3部
電荷輸送層としてグラファイトシートを使用する実施形態5(図5参照)のn型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pを以下の工程で作製した。
貫通孔を形成した断熱材層を使用する実施形態7(図7参照)のn型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pを以下の工程で作製した。
まず、比較形態1(図16参照)のn型熱電変換部1Nとp型熱電変換部1Pを以下の工程で作製した。
第1評価用熱電変換部と同様にして製造した角100mm×100mm,厚さ10mmのBi-Te系熱電変換材料の基板を、熱電特性評価試料:角20mm×20mm、熱伝導率測定試料:角50mm×50mmの評価用試料のサイズに切り出して切削面を研磨し比較用熱電変換部1N,1Pを作製した。作製したn型とp型の比較用熱電変換部1N,1Pの上部と下部に、熱電特性評価試料用の角20mm×20mm,厚さ0.2mmと、熱伝導率測定試料用の角50m×50m,厚さ0.2mmのAl電極を半田で取り付け比較用試料とした。
熱電変換部の性能の評価方法は、以下のようにして行った。
1)電気伝導率:アルバック理工社製の熱電特性評価装置ZEM-3を使用して測定した。円柱状に処理した熱電変換材料に白金線を装着し、直流四端子法により室温で電気伝導率を測定した。
2)ゼーベック係数:アルバック理工社製の熱電特性評価装置ZEM-3を使用して測定した。測定条件は、電気伝導率評価と同様の測定条件とした。
3)熱伝導率:アルバック理工社製の定常法熱伝導率測定装置GH-1を使用して測定した。
以下に説明する実施例は、次のようにして作製した。
以下の(1-1)~(1-4)のように、実施形態1(図1)の態様の素子を作製した。基本的な作製方法は、上記の第1評価用熱電変換部の作製方法と同じである(第1評価用熱電変換部の作製を参照)。
以下の(2-1)~(2-4)のように、実施形態1(図1)の態様の素子を作製した。基本的な作製方法は、上記の第2評価用熱電変換部の作製方法と同じである(第2評価用熱電変換部の作製を参照)。
(n型熱電変換部1Nの低導電性材料層形成溶液)
・ポリカーボネート樹脂:100部
・ジフェノキノン化合物(化1):15部
・テトラヒドロフラン溶剤:300部
続いて、形成された低導電性材料層の表面に高導電性材料層を形成するために、電子輸送材料:Alq3(aluminato-tris-8B-ydoroxyquinolate:化3)を抵抗加熱蒸着法でコートした。コート層の厚みは約100nmで、面内の電気伝導率は約300S/cmとなることを目標に形成した。このようにn型熱電変換部1Nは、n型熱電変換材料層3Nと、低導電性材料層と高導電性材料層からなる異方性導電材料層5Aの2層構造とした。
(p型熱電変換部1Pの低導電性材料層形成溶液)
・ポリカーボネート樹脂:100部
・ヒゾラゾン系化合物(化2):20部
・テトラヒドロフラン溶剤:300部
続いて、形成された低導電性材料層の表面に高導電性材料層を形成するために、正孔輸送材料:NPP(N,N-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-benzidene)を抵抗加熱蒸着法でコートした。コート層の厚みは約100nmで、面内の電気伝導率は約300S/cmとなることを目標に形成した。このようにp型熱電変換部1Pは、p型熱電変換材料層3Pと、低導電性材料層と高導電性材料層からなる異方性導電材料層5Bの2層構造とした。
以下の(3-1)~(3-4)のように、実施形態2(図2)の態様の素子を作製した。
以下の(4-1)~(4-4)のように、実施形態3(図3)の態様の素子を作製した。
以下の(5-1)~(5-4)のように、実施形態4(図4)の態様の熱電変換素子1Dを作製した。基本的な作製方法は、上記の第3評価用熱電変換部の作製方法と同じである(第3評価用熱電変換部の作製を参照)。
以下の(6-1)~(6-4)のように、実施形態5(図5)の態様の熱電変換素子1Eを作製した。基本的な作製方法は、上記の第4評価用熱電変換部の作製方法と同じである(第4評価用熱電変換部の作製を参照)。
以下の(7-1)~(7-4)のように、実施形態6(図6)の態様の熱電変換素子1Fを作製した。
以下の(8-1)~(8-4)のように、実施形態7(図7)の態様の熱電変換素子1Gを作製した。基本的な作製方法は、上記の第5評価用熱電変換部の作製方法と同じである(第5評価用熱電変換部の作製を参照)。
以下の(9-1)~(9-4)のように、実施形態8(図8)の態様の熱電変換素子1Hを作製した。
以下の(10-1)~(10-4)のように、実施形態9(図9)の態様の熱電変換素子1Iを作製した。本実施例で用いる多孔質の断熱材基板は、下記の断熱層形成用ペースト1を使用して形成したものであり製造方法については実施形態9を参照。
〔断熱層形成用ペースト1の配合(重量部)〕
・グラスウール基板の断熱材粉末:100部
・メラミン樹脂:60部
・ポリメチルメタクリレート:40部
・テレピネオール:15部
・エチルセルロース:5部
実施形態10(図10)の態様の熱電変換発電装置1Jを作製し熱電発電の評価を行った。
熱電変換発電装置1Jは、実施形態10で述べたように、発電に寄与する第1の熱電変換素子1Qと、第1の熱電変換素子に安定した温度差を与えるためにペルチェ素子として使用する第2、第3の熱電変換素子10A,10Bを組み合わせたものである。
第1の熱電変換素子1Qは、比較形態1(図16)の従来の構造を有する熱電変換素子であり、以下の(11-1)~(11-4)のように作製した。
なお、図10参照、ペルチェ素子10A,10Bの吸熱作用部(電極10AL,10BL)は、発電に寄与する熱電変換素子1Qの低温作用部(電極8A,8B)に接触して配置され、ペルチェ素子10A,10Bの発熱作用部(電極10AH,10BH)は、熱電変換素子1Qの高温作用部(導電性基板2)に接触して配置され、熱電変換発電装置1Jを構成する。
実施形態11(図11)の態様の熱電変換発電装置1Kを作製し熱電発電の評価を行った。
熱電変換発電装置1Kは、実施形態11で述べたように、発電に寄与する第1の熱電変換素子1Dと、第1の熱電変換素子に安定した温度差を与えるためにペルチェ素子として使用する第2、第3の熱電変換素子20A,20Bを組み合わせたものである。
第1の熱電変換素子1Dは、実施例5(実施形態4、図4)の態様の素子であり、以下の(12-1)~(12-4)のように作製した。
このようにn型熱電変換部1Nは、n型熱電変換材料層3Nと、グラファイトよりなる異方性導電材料層5Aの2層構造とした。この構造の場合、グラファイトシートはn型熱電変換材料層3Nよりも幅が長いので、異方性導電材料層5Aには、積層よりはみ出た延在部が存在する。
なお、図11参照、ペルチェ素子20A,20Bの吸熱作用部(20AL,20BL)は、発電に寄与する熱電変換素子1Dの低温作用部(電極8A,8B)に接触して配置され、ペルチェ素子20A,20Bの発熱作用部(20AH,20BH)は、熱電変換素子1Dの高温作用部(導電性基板2)に接触して配置され、熱電変換発電装置1Kを構成する。
実施形態12(図12)の態様の熱電変換発電装置1Lを作製し熱電発電の評価を行った。
熱電変換発電装置1Lは、実施形態12で述べたように、発電に寄与する第1の熱電変換素子1Eと、第1の熱電変換素子に安定した温度差を与えるためにペルチェ素子として使用する第2、第3の熱電変換素子30A,30Bを組み合わせたものである。
第1の熱電変換素子1Eは、実施例6(実施形態5、図5)の態様の素子であり、以下の(13-1)~(13-4)のように作製した。
なお、図12参照、ペルチェ素子30A,30Bの吸熱作用部(電極30AL,30BL)は、発電に寄与する熱電変換素子1Eの低温作用部(電極8A,8B)に接触して配置され、ペルチェ素子30A,30Bの発熱作用部(電極30AH,30BH)は、熱電変換素子1Eの高温作用部(導電性基板2)上に配置されている対象物に接触して配置され、熱電変換発電装置1Lを構成する。
実施形態13(図13)の態様の熱電変換発電装置1Mを作製し熱電発電の評価を行った。
熱電変換発電装置1Mは、実施形態13で述べたように、発電に寄与する第1の熱電変換素子1Gと、第1の熱電変換素子に安定した温度差を与えるためにペルチェ素子として使用する第2、第3の熱電変換素子40A,40Bを組み合わせたものである。
第1の熱電変換素子1Gは、実施例8(実施形態7、図7)の態様の素子であり、以下の(14-1)~(14-4)のように作製した。
なお、図13参照、ペルチェ素子40A,40Bの吸熱作用部(電極40AL,40BL)は、発電に寄与する熱電変換素子1Gの低温作用部(電極8A,8B)に接触して配置され、ペルチェ素子40A,40Bの発熱作用部(電極40AH,40BH)は、熱電変換素子1Gの高温作用部(導電性基板2)に接触して配置され、熱電変換発電装置1Mを構成する。
1J,1K,1L,1M:本発明の熱電変換発電装置
1Q:従来の熱電変換素子
1N:n型熱電変換部 1P:p型熱電変換部
2:導電性基板(第1電極)
3N:n型熱電変換材料層 3P:p型熱電変換材料層
4A,4C:第1断熱層 4B,4D:第2断熱層
5A:第1異方性導電材料層 5B:第2異方性導電材料層
5C:第1電荷輸送層 5D:第2電荷輸送層
6N:n型熱電変換材料層 6P:p型熱電変換材料層
7A:第1の貫通孔 7B:第2の貫通孔
8A:第2電極 8B:第3電極
9:絶縁層
10A,20A,30A,40A:第2の熱電変換素子(ペルチェ素子)
10B,20B,30B,40B:第3の熱電変換素子(ペルチェ素子)
10AL,10BL,20AL,20BL,30AL,30BL,40AL,40BL:第1電極
10AH,10BH,20AH,20BH,30AH,30BH,40AH,40BH:第2電極または第3電極
10AG,10BG,20AG,20BG,30AG,30BG,40AG,40BG:延在部(異方性導電材料層の延在部)
100:熱電変換素子
120,121,180:電極
130:n型熱電変換半導体
131:p型熱電変換半導体
TP:温度測定点
Claims (13)
- 熱電変換材料で形成される熱電変換材料部或いは熱電変換材料層と、少なくとも半導体と金属の電気伝導特性を併せ持つ電荷輸送材料で形成される電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層を、少なくとも有する熱電変換部を備え、該熱電変換部と電極よりなる熱電変換素子。
- 前記電荷輸送材料が、グラファイト、結晶性黒鉛及びグラフェンからなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の熱電変換素子。
- 前記電荷輸送層が導電性に対して異方性を有する異方性導電材料層であり、前記異方性導電材料層は、層面内方向の電気伝導率が厚さ方向の電気伝導率よりも大きい特性を有する請求項1または2に記載の熱電変換素子。
- 熱電変換材料で形成される熱電変換材料部或いは熱電変換材料層と、電子輸送材料、正孔輸送材料からなる群から選択される半導体の電気伝導特性を有する電荷輸送材料で形成される異方性導電材料層を、少なくとも有する熱電変換部を備え、該熱電変換部と電極よりなる請求項3に記載の熱電変換素子。
- 少なくとも熱電変換材料層と異方性導電材料層が積層された熱電変換部を有する熱電変換素子であり、前記熱電変換部の前記異方性導電材料層が積層構造からはみ出してなる延在部を有し、該延在部に電極を有する請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の熱電変換素子。
- 少なくとも下部熱電変換材料層、下部電荷輸送層、上部電荷輸送層及び上部熱電変換材料層よりなる熱電変換部を有する熱電変換素子であり、該熱電変換部の下部電荷輸送層と上部電荷輸送層が該熱電変換部の側面で一定の距離をおいて繋がる一つの電荷輸送層を成す構造である請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の熱電変換素子。
- 少なくとも熱電変換材料層と異方性導電材料層が積層された、n型熱電変換部とp型熱電変換部とを備え、積層方向に対して前記n型及びp型熱電変換部の下部に、前記n型及びp型熱電変換部に跨る第1電極と、前記n型及びp型熱電変換部の上部に、それぞれ第2及び第3電極を備える熱電変換素子であり、
n型熱電変換部の異方性導電材料層は積層構造からはみ出してなる延在部を有し、第2電極はn型熱電変換部の延在部の一部分に設けられ、
p型熱電変換部の異方性導電材料層は積層構造からはみ出してなる延在部を有し、第3電極は、p型熱電変換部の延在部の一部分に設けられる請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の熱電変換素子。 - 少なくとも熱電変換材料層と電荷輸送層が積層された、n型熱電変換部とp型熱電変換部とを備え、積層方向に対して前記n型及びp型熱電変換部の下部に、前記n型及びp型熱電変換部に跨る第1電極と、前記n型及びp型熱電変換部の上部に、それぞれ第2及び第3電極を備える熱電変換素子であり、
前記各熱電変換部は、少なくとも下部熱電変換材料層、下部電荷輸送層、上部電荷輸送層及び上部熱電変換材料層よりなる熱電変換部であり、該熱電変換部の下部電荷輸送層と上部電荷輸送層が該熱電変換部の側面で一定の距離をおいて繋がる一つの電荷輸送層を成す構造である請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の熱電変換素子。 - 少なくとも熱電変換材料部或いは熱電変換材料層と電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層を有する熱電変換部を備え、該熱電変換部と電極よりなる熱電変換素子において、更に、前記熱電変換部に断熱層を有する請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の熱電変換素子。
- 少なくとも下部熱電変換材料層、下部電荷輸送層、断熱層、上部電荷輸送層、上部熱電変換材料層の順で積層された構造の熱電変換部を有する熱電変換素子であり、前記熱電変換部の下部電荷輸送層と上部電荷輸送層は断熱層の側面で繋がる一つの電荷輸送層である請求項1~3及び8のいずれか1つに記載の熱電変換素子。
- 少なくとも下部熱電変換材料層、断熱層、上部熱電変換材料層の順で積層された構造の熱電変換部を有する熱電変換素子であり、前記熱電変換部の断熱層は貫通孔を有し、貫通孔に電荷輸送材料を形成することで前記断熱層を断熱層及び電荷輸送部として働かせる請求項1~3及び9のいずれか1つに記載の熱電変換素子。
- 少なくとも熱電変換発電素子とペルチェ素子を組み合わせてなる熱電変換発電装置であり、該ペルチェ素子により該熱電変換発電素子の低温作用部を吸熱し、且つ該熱電変換発電素子の高温作用部あるいは高温作用部に接触する熱だめとなる対象物に放熱し、該熱電変換発電素子で発電する熱電変換発電装置。
- 前記ペルチェ素子として、少なくとも熱電変換材料層と異方性導電材料層が積層された熱電変換部を有し、異方性導電材料層は積層構造からはみ出してなる延在部を有する請求項5または7に記載の熱電変換素子を使用し、
前記熱電変換発電素子として、少なくとも熱電変換材料部或いは熱電変換材料層と電荷輸送部或いは電荷輸送層を有する熱電変換部を備え、該熱電変換部と電極よりなる請求項1~11のいずれか1つに記載の熱電変換素子を使用する請求項12に記載の熱電変換発電装置。
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