Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
  • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
  • A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
  • A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
  • A61L27/34—Macromolecular materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
  • A61L29/08—Materials for coatings
  • A61L29/085—Macromolecular materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
  • A61L29/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. lubricating compositions
  • A61L29/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
  • A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
  • A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
  • A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
  • A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
  • A61L2300/202—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials with halogen atoms, e.g. triclosan, povidone-iodine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
  • A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
  • A61L2300/80—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special chemical form

Definitions

• aspects relate generally to parylene coatings and, more particularly, to antimicrobial parylene coatings and methods for their deposition.
• a method of forming an antimicrobial parylene coating may comprise immobilizing an antimicrobial agent on a parylene film through molecular attachment, interaction or covalent bonding.
• a coating may comprise a parylene material and an antimicrobial agent immobilized on the parylene material.
• FIG. 1 presents a process schematic in accordance with one or more embodiments.
• parylene coatings with antimicrobial properties may be provided.
• methods may introduce materials with antimicrobial properties into parylene films during a parylene deposition process.
• parylene coating surfaces may be rendered substantially antimicrobial by adding and/or copolymerizing an antimicrobial agent into a parylene coating.
• Antimicrobial parylene films in accordance with one or more embodiments may be beneficial in circumstances where the performance properties of parylene films are desired in combination with an ability to control microbial growth on the film surface.
• a parylene coating may be applied to a substrate.
• the parylene coating may be a thin-film coating.
• the coating may be continuous and substantially uniform across a substrate.
• a parylene coating in a controlled thickness down to at least about several thousand angstroms may be achieved.
• a parylene coating in a controlled thickness up to at least about several millimeters may also be achieved.
• the thickness can generally be controlled to at least about plus or minus 10%.
• the parylene coating may be conformal with respect to surfaces, edges and crevices of a substrate and may be substantially pinhole-free. Multi-layer penetration may be achieved.
• a parylene coating may add minimal dimension or mass to critical, weight- sensitive components. Parylene coatings may be optically clear, or incorporated with an indicator compound, such as a fluorescent, to facilitate identification.
• a parylene coating may be substantially biostable and
• a parylene coating may exhibit barrier properties, such as may protect a substrate from fluids, moisture, chemicals and common gases. Protection from biofluids and biogases may be provided.
• a parylene coating may exhibit a high dielectric strength and/or may impart dry-film lubricity to a substrate. Parylene coatings may protect against corrosion, discoloration and contaminant entrapment. Parylene coatings may serve as dielectric barriers.
• a parylene coating may be flexible, deter surface tackiness, and reduce the coefficient of friction. The parylene coating may have various coefficients of friction, for example, 0.15, 0.25 or 0.29 as measured by ASTM D 1894 for static observations.
• a parylene coating may exhibit thermal and/or UV stability.
• the substrate may be any material, device or component to which it may be desirable to apply a coating, such as a barrier or functional layer.
• a parylene coating may be applied to virtually any surface material, including metals, elastomers, plastics, glasses, ceramics and papers. Parylene coatings may find applications in various industries including medical devices, electronics, automotive, military, aerospace, LEDs, and elastomers.
• the substrate may be associated with electronics, printed circuit boards, printed circuit assemblies, sensors, detectors, LEDs, MEMS, capacitors, wafers, ferrite cores, fuel cells, digital displays, metal components.
• the substrate may be a gasket or seal.
• the substrate may be a medical device.
• a parylene coating may be applied to an implantable or nonimplantable medical device.
• a medical device such as but not limited to, a coronary stent, cerebral stent, cardiac assist device including pacemakers, electro surgical tool, cochlear implant, ocular implant, mandrel, mold, catheter, elastomeric seal, needle, epidural probe or medical electronics may be coated with parylene.
• Parylene coatings may also be used as release agents for molds and forming devices, such as wire mandrels. The parylene coating may provide an acceptable surface for tissue contact and may protect the medical device and associated components.
• a parylene coating may function as a surface primer, such as on a drug-eluting stent where a drug-containing copolymer is applied to a parylene coated metal coronary stent for human implantation.
• the parylene coating may enable integration of various drug and polymer combinations.
• a parylene coating may be produced by vapor-phase deposition and polymerization of para-xylylene (poly(p-xylylene)) or its substituted derivatives.
• the parylene coating may be made of any member of the generic parylene polymer series, or a variation thereof. Choice of a parylene polymer may be based on desired properties in view of an intended application.
• a deposited parylene may be passive or reactive.
• a deposited parylene may be halogenated.
• parylene HT ® parylene N, parylene C or parylene D polymers commercially available from Specialty Coating Systems (Indianapolis, Indiana) as represented below may be deposited.
• a parylene coating may be antimicrobial. Any parylene material may be deposited in conjunction with an antimicrobial agent to form an antimicrobial parylene coating.
• antimicrobial liquids or solids with suitable vapor pressures and thermal stability may be introduced into a coating chamber during a parylene coating process.
• an attached receptacle containing the antimicrobial material may be heated, allowing vaporized antimicrobial material to pass into the coating chamber.
• the vaporized antimicrobial compound may be deposited on a substrate within the chamber simultaneously with a gaseous parylene monomer or in a layered approach.
• antimicrobial material used can be varied to suit a specific coating application.
• one or more antimicrobial material(s) may be incorporated.
• one or more antimicrobial compounds such as octadecyldimethyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride, 4-chloro-3,5- dimethylphenol, N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride, or similar compounds, may be added to parylene film as discussed herein.
• a parylene coating may be formed from a gaseous monomer without an intermediate liquid stage.
• a parylene coating may be applied at ambient temperature with vacuum deposition equipment. The film may grow over time as parylene polymer deposition occurs at a molecular level.
• a parylene coating may generally be applied in a room temperature vacuum chamber via a vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) process. Substrates to be coated may be placed into a coating chamber. A solid, granular dimer raw material may be heated under vacuum and vaporized into a dimeric gas. In some non- limiting embodiments, vaporization may be conducted at about 150°C and about 1.0 torr.
• the gas may then be pyrolized to cleave the dimer to its monomeric form.
• pyrolysis may be conducted at about 680°C and about 0.5torr.
• the monomer gas may be deposited on a substrate as a polymer film in a deposition chamber at ambient temperature.
• the film may be as thin or thick as desired based on an intended application and substantially transparent. In some embodiments, the thickness may range from hundreds of angstroms to several millimeters. In at least some embodiments, a typical thickness may be in the microns range.
• antimicrobial compounds may be added to parylene films by various procedures as schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.
• FIG. 1 In some embodiments, antimicrobial compounds may be added to parylene films by various procedures as schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.
• parylene and antimicrobial molecules may be combined in the vapor-phase to produce an antimicrobial parylene coating.
• a parylene film may be deposited on a substrate surface until a desired parylene film thickness is almost obtained.
• heat sufficient to vaporize a desired antimicrobial compound may be applied to a receptacle containing the antimicrobial compound.
• This receptacle may be mounted to a coating chamber wall and may allow the passage of vaporized material into the coating chamber.
• An antimicrobial compound such as but not limited to 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, may be dissolved in a suitable carrier solvent to aid in distribution within the chamber.
• the vaporized antimicrobial compound may enter the coating chamber and be deposited simultaneously with the gaseous parylene monomer on the growing parylene film surface.
• the antimicrobial compound may be held in place through molecular entanglement with the parylene film near the film surface.
• the antimicrobial agent(s) may be combined with parylene molecules through molecular attachment, interaction, and/or covalent bonding resulting in immobilization of the antimicrobial agent(s) on parylene coated surfaces.
• deposition may be carried out in a PDS 2060PC parylene deposition system commercially available from Specialty Coating Systems.
• Parylene dimer and the desired antimicrobial compound Once parylene dimer and the desired antimicrobial compound have been added to the PDS, the system may be placed under vacuum. Parylene dimer may be sublimated by heating at reduced pressure and passed through a furnace where the dimer may be cleaved by pyrolysis and allowed to pass into the deposition chamber in the form of a gaseous monomer. The monomer may strike the surface of the desired substrate and spontaneously polymerize into a continuous film on the substrate.
• Antimicrobial compounds may be heated and introduced in gaseous form through a secondary port.
• the antimicrobial compound is originally in solid form, such as 4-chloro-3,5- dimethylphenol, enough heat suitable to sublimate the compound, in some non-limiting embodiments between about 0°C and about 190°C, may be applied. If the desired antimicrobial compound is in neat liquid form or in solution, such as octadecyldimethyl(3- trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride, the liquid may be heated at an appropriate rate based on the solvent in order to avoid rapid boiling. Standard parylene deposition process conditions, including temperature and pressure, may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments. Antimicrobial agents may be integrated in parylene deposition processes as discussed herein.
• introduction of the gaseous antimicrobial compound can be performed concurrently with the introduction of gaseous parylene monomer or in an alternating fashion.
• parylene may be deposited onto a substrate until a first thickness is obtained.
• Antimicrobial agent may then be introduced and deposited concurrently with parylene until a second thickness is obtained.
• a parylene topcoat may be applied to the antimicrobial layer.
• a second parylene film deposition may be carried out to deposit a thin parylene film on top of the antimicrobial layer in order to control the rate of elution, if any, of the antimicrobial compound from the parylene film surface.
• relative thickness between layers and overall coating thickness may vary depending on desired properties and intended application.
• a layer of parylene about 0.5 to about 25 microns in thickness may be deposited prior to introduction of antimicrobial agent.
• a layer of parylene about 0.5 to about 25 microns in thickness may be deposited prior to introduction of antimicrobial agent.
• a layer including antimicrobial agent may be about 50 angstroms to about 5 microns in thickness.
• an optional parylene topcoat may be about 0.1 micron to about 2 microns in thickness.
• Components to be coated may require only minimal vacuum tolerance.
• a substrate may be pretreated to promote optimal adhesion of parylene.
• an A- 174 silane treatment may be used.
• Other adhesion promotion technologies may be used in conjunction with the deposition methods.
• Substrate precleaning and cleanroom environments may also be implemented.
• Fixturing and masking techniques may be used to minimize contact points and avoid coating of areas to remain uncoated.
• Octadecyldimethyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride was heated at an appropriate rate to achieve vaporization while avoiding rapid boiling. The vaporized
• antimicrobial material striked the parylene film surface and became anchored to the parylene film through molecular entanglement, hydrogen bonding or covalent bonding depending on the functional groups present in the desired antimicrobial compound and/or on the parylene film surface.
• the term “plurality” refers to two or more items or components.
• the terms “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” and “involving,” whether in the written description or the claims and the like, are open-ended terms, i.e., to mean

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• Surgery (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
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• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
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• 2012
  • 2012-07-06 EP EP12735756.4A patent/EP2729194B1/en active Active
  • 2012-07-06 US US13/543,076 patent/US20130011456A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-07-06 WO PCT/US2012/045728 patent/WO2013009606A1/en not_active Ceased
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