WO2013004812A1 - Micromachine for mechanical tests of tension and compression type having optimized accessibility - Google Patents
Micromachine for mechanical tests of tension and compression type having optimized accessibility Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013004812A1 WO2013004812A1 PCT/EP2012/063233 EP2012063233W WO2013004812A1 WO 2013004812 A1 WO2013004812 A1 WO 2013004812A1 EP 2012063233 W EP2012063233 W EP 2012063233W WO 2013004812 A1 WO2013004812 A1 WO 2013004812A1
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- flange
- jaw
- base
- micromachine
- specimen
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0447—Holders for quick insertion/removal of test pieces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0464—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils with provisions for testing more than one specimen at the time
- G01N2203/047—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils with provisions for testing more than one specimen at the time in series
Definitions
- the idea underlying the invention is to provide specific jaws arranged in such a way that the upper face of one specimen is as close as possible to a plane tangent to the upper part of these jaws, these jaws being them. same positioned in an upper region of the traction machine, so as to provide a large opening angle to the upper face of one specimen carried by these jaws.
- the jaw 1 As shown in Figure 1, the jaw 1 according to the invention comprises a base 2 on which is fitted a flange 3, so as to grip one end or head of a specimen 4 extending in a direction of traction shown by a longitudinal axis AL.
- the upper portion of the base 2 has a shape which is complementary to that of the flange 3 which itself has a general shape rider, thus fitting into the upper portion of
- the flange 3 is tightened on the base 2 by means of four screws, marked by 12 to 15.
- the screws 12 and 13 each vertically traverse the flange 6, at the corresponding holes, and a wedge 17, for screw in the base through its bearing face 9.
- the screws 14 and 15 vertically pass through the wing 7, at the level of corresponding holes, as well as a wedge 18, to be screwed into the base 2 through its support wall 7.
- Each pin or rod passes through the flange 3 as well as the two spacers 19 and 20 and the upper face of the central region 8 of the base, at the corresponding holes made in these different components.
- the base 2 comprises in its lower portion a through hole, oriented parallel to the axis AL, and receiving an indexing pin 26 can thus engage in one of several holes 27-29 made to the face mobile support 24 against which bears the jaw 1 when in place.
- these two ball screw systems located on either side of the assembly formed by the test piece and the two jaws which bear it, contribute to ensuring that the test piece is subjected to a tensile stress. pure along its longitudinal axis, as they ensure that the two movable supports remain parallel to each other throughout the test.
- the micromachine is further provided with additional guide means, ensuring that the movable supports remain oriented perpendicular to their direction of travel during the test, which further contributes to improving a pure traction or pure compression operation.
- the micromachine further comprises another rail carrying two other pads, not shown in the figures, and which is located transversely to the opposite of the rail 50, that is to say in the proximity of the motor 47 that it runs.
- the two other unmarked pads are connected to this other rail by longitudinally oriented sliding links, one of these pads being rigidly secured to the movable support 24, the other pad being rigidly secured to the other support mobile 38.
- the micromachine further comprises a force sensor 49, by which the longitudinal forces exerted by the jaw 1 are transferred to the mobile support 24, as previously explained, these forces thus corresponding to the tensile forces to which the test piece 4 is subjected.
- the micromachine is further provided with a displacement sensor 56 comprising a body 53 in which a rod 54 slides, these two parts being movable longitudinally with respect to each other.
- the body 53 is secured longitudinally to the first movable support 24, and the rod 54 is secured to the second mobile support 38.
- This displacement sensor 56 is thus capable of providing accurate information representative of the displacement of the first support 24 relative to the second support 38, that is to say information representative of the elongation of the specimen 4, at any time during the test.
- the upper face of the test piece 4 is very clear, that is to say that it can be observed at a very wide angle of view, because it is very close to the upper faces of the jaws in the vertical direction, while being located substantially above the screws 39 and 43.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 show by A the angular extent in which the upper face of the test piece can be seen, this extent being represented by an angular sector extending over approximately 150 degrees, in a vertical longitudinal plane, that is to say containing the axes AL and AV.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a tension micromachine intended to be used in an electronic scanning microscope enclosure or with a diffraction apparatus, comprising two jaws (1) carried by two supports, each jaw (1) being intended to receive an end of a mechanical specimen (4), and means for exerting loads on the supports tending to separate them or to bring them closer together along a longitudinal direction (AL), each jaw (1) comprising a base (2) and a flange (3) for fixing an end (21) of a specimen (4) to the jaw (1) while clamping it between the flange (3) and the base (2) by means of at least two screws (12-5) each passing through the flange (3) and at least a part of the base (2), these two screws (12-15) being situated on either side of the specimen end (21).
Description
MICROMACHINE D'ESSAIS MECANIQUES DE TYPE TRACTION ET COMPRESSION AYANT UNE ACCESSIBILITE OPTIMISEE TENSION AND COMPRESSION TYPE MECHANICAL TEST MICROMACHINE HAVING OPTIMIZED ACCESSIBILITY
L' invention concerne une micromachine pour réaliser des essais mécaniques notamment de traction et/ou de compression sur une éprouvette mécanique, en installant cette micromachine dans l'enceinte d'un microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) ou avec un appareil de diffraction, de manière à analyser directement la surface de l' éprouvette pendant qu'elle subit la sollicitation mécanique . The invention relates to a micromachine for carrying out mechanical tests including traction and / or compression on a mechanical specimen, by installing this micromachine in the enclosure of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or with a diffraction apparatus, to directly analyze the surface of the specimen while subjected to mechanical stress.
ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
D'une manière générale, une telle micromachine de traction doit impérativement avoir un encombrement suffisamment faible pour permettre son installation dans ce type d'appareil. En pratique, des dimensions inférieures à 200 mm x 200 mm x 60 mm sont recherchées pour une telle micromachine . In general, such a traction micromachine must imperatively have a small enough space to allow its installation in this type of device. In practice, dimensions smaller than 200 mm × 200 mm × 60 mm are sought for such a micromachine.
Lors de la réalisation d'un essai, une éprouvette mécanique est montée dans cette micromachine, et l'ensemble est installé dans l'enceinte d'un microscope électronique à balayage ou sous un appareil de diffraction. Le déroulement de l'essai consiste à piloter la micromachine de traction pour solliciter l' éprouvette en la soumettant à des efforts de traction croissants, ou à un allongement croissant à une vitesse prédéterminée, en même temps que la surface de 1' éprouvette est observée et analysée. When carrying out a test, a mechanical specimen is mounted in this micromachine, and the assembly is installed in the enclosure of a scanning electron microscope or under a diffraction apparatus. The course of the test consists in controlling the traction micromachine to urge the test piece by subjecting it to increasing traction forces, or to increasing elongation at a predetermined speed, at the same time as the surface of the test piece is observed. and analyzed.
Les analyses peuvent être réalisées dans un microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) ou par diffraction de rayon X, de neutrons, ou bien de rayonnement synchrotron. De tels essais peuvent notamment être effectués sous différentes vitesses de déformation (pilotage en force ou en déplacement) : qui plus est, il est possible d'effectuer dans un microscope électronique à balayage des cartographies EBSD (Electron BackScatter
Diffraction) ou EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectoroscopy) tout en maintenant le chargement appliqué. The analyzes may be performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or by X-ray diffraction, neutron scattering or synchrotron radiation. Such tests can in particular be carried out under different deformation rates (driving force or displacement): what is more, it is possible to carry out in a scanning electron microscope EBSD maps (Electron BackScatter Diffraction) or EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectoroscopy) while maintaining the loading applied.
En pratique, chaque extrémité d'éprouvette est bloquée dans un mors de la machine de manière à être rigidement solidarisée à ce mors, de façon ferme. Compte tenu des efforts en jeu, les mors ont des dimensions relativement importantes vis-à-vis de 1 ' éprouvette, alors que la longueur de 1 ' éprouvette est comprise entre 45 et 60 millimètres, de sorte que la distance séparant un mors de l'autre est relativement faible. In practice, each specimen end is locked in a jaw of the machine so as to be rigidly secured to this jaw, firmly. Given the forces involved, the jaws have relatively large dimensions vis-à-vis the test specimen, while the length of the test piece is between 45 and 60 millimeters, so that the distance between a jaw of the other is relatively weak.
En contrepartie, l'observation de la surface de 1' éprouvette avec un appareillage à diffraction nécessite d'avoir un accès très dégagé vers la face observée. Concrètement, il est nécessaire de disposer d'un angle d'ouverture le plus grand possible sur la face supérieure de 1 ' éprouvette, alors qu'en pratique, cet angle est significativement limité par la faible longueur utile de 1 ' éprouvette, vis-à-vis du volume important qu'occupent les mors à chaque extrémité de cette éprouvette. In return, the observation of the surface of the test piece with a diffraction apparatus requires a very clear access to the observed face. Concretely, it is necessary to have an opening angle as large as possible on the upper face of the test piece, whereas in practice this angle is significantly limited by the short useful length of the test piece, the large volume occupied by the jaws at each end of this test piece.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Le but de l'invention est de proposer un agencement permettant d'augmenter cet angle d'ouverture de façon significative de manière à simplifier la mise en oeuvre de tels essais. The object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for increasing this opening angle significantly so as to simplify the implementation of such tests.
RESUME DE L'INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une micromachine de traction destinée à être utilisée dans une enceinte de microscope électronique, comportant deux mors portés par deux supports, chaque mors étant destiné à recevoir une extrémité d'une éprouvette mécanique, et des moyens pour exercer sur les supports des efforts tendant à les écarter l'un de l'autre ou à les rapprocher l'un de l'autre selon une direction longitudinale, chaque mors comprenant une embase et une bride pour fixer une extrémité d'éprouvette au mors en l'enserrant entre la bride et
l'embase au moyen d'au moins deux vis traversant chacune la bride et au moins une partie de l'embase, ces deux vis étant situées de part et d'autre de l'extrémité d ' éprouvette, la bride comportant une région centrale venant enserrer l'extrémité d' éprouvette et deux ailes prolongeant chacune cette portion centrale, chaque aile étant traversée par au moins une vis, et dans laquelle chaque aile de la bride est décalée par rapport à la région centrale de la bride en direction de l'embase. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a traction micromachine intended to be used in an electron microscope chamber, comprising two jaws carried by two supports, each jaw being intended to receive an end of a mechanical test-tube, and means for exerting on the supports efforts tending to separate them from one another or to bring them closer to one another in a longitudinal direction, each jaw comprising a base and a flange for fixing a specimen end to the jaws by clamping it between the flange and the base by means of at least two screws each passing through the flange and at least a part of the base, these two screws being located on either side of the specimen end, the flange comprising a central region; gripping the end of the specimen and two wings each extending each central portion, each leg being traversed by at least one screw, and wherein each flange of the flange is offset from the central region of the flange towards the central portion of the flange. 'base.
L'invention concerne également une micromachine telle que définie ci-dessus, dans laquelle chaque mors comporte en outre une entretoise s ' interposant entre l'extrémité d'éprouvette et l'embase, et/ou une entretoise s ' interposant entre l'extrémité d'éprouvette et la bride, des pions de blocage traversant chacun la bride ainsi que chaque entretoise, chaque entretoise comportant une surface striée destinée à venir en appui sur l'extrémité d'éprouvette lors du serrage. The invention also relates to a micromachine as defined above, in which each jaw further comprises a spacer interposing between the specimen end and the base, and / or a spacer interposing between the end specimen and the flange, blocking pins each passing through the flange and each spacer, each spacer having a ridged surface intended to bear against the end of the test piece during tightening.
L'invention concerne également une micromachine telle que définie ci-dessus, dans laquelle les moyens pour exercer sur les supports mobiles des efforts tendant à les rapprocher ou à les écarter l'un de l'autre comportent deux systèmes de type vis à bille situés de part et d'autre de la paire de mors. The invention also relates to a micromachine as defined above, wherein the means for exerting on the movable supports efforts tending to bring them closer or to separate them from one another comprise two ball screw type systems located on both sides of the pair of bits.
L'invention concerne également une micromachine telle que définie ci-dessus, comprenant deux rails de guidage fixes orientés selon la direction longitudinale, et dans laquelle les supports mobiles sont liés aux rails de guidage fixes par des liaisons glissières orientées selon la direction longitudinale. The invention also relates to a micromachine as defined above, comprising two fixed guide rails oriented in the longitudinal direction, and wherein the movable supports are connected to the fixed guide rails by slide links oriented in the longitudinal direction.
L'invention concerne également une micromachine telle que définie ci-dessus, comportant un moteur d'entraînement des deux systèmes de type vis à bille, et des moyens de transmission par chaîne reliant ce moteur aux deux systèmes de vis à bille.
L'invention concerne également une micromachine telle que définie ci-dessus, dans laquelle chaque mors est solidarisé au support mobile qui le porte de manière à être orientable autour d'un axe longitudinal. The invention also relates to a micromachine as defined above, comprising a driving motor of the two ball screw type systems, and chain transmission means connecting this motor to the two ball screw systems. The invention also relates to a micromachine as defined above, wherein each jaw is secured to the movable support which carries it so as to be orientable about a longitudinal axis.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figure 1 est une vue en éclaté d'un mors selon 1 ' invention représenté seul ; Figure 1 is an exploded view of a jaw according to the invention shown alone;
La figure 2 est une vue de dessous d'un mors selon 1 ' invention dans la micromachine selon 1 ' invention ; FIG. 2 is a view from below of a jaw according to the invention in the micromachine according to the invention;
La figure 3 est une vue d'ensemble, en perspective, de la micromachine selon 1 ' invention ; FIG. 3 is an overall view, in perspective, of the micromachine according to the invention;
La figure 4 est une vue latérale de la micromachine selon 1 ' invention ; Figure 4 is a side view of the micromachine according to the invention;
La figure 5 est une vue de dessus de la micromachine selon l'invention. Figure 5 is a top view of the micromachine according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
L'idée à la base de l'invention est de prévoir des mors spécifiques agencés de telle manière que la face supérieure de 1 ' éprouvette soit la plus proche possible d'un plan tangent à la partie supérieure de ces mors, ces mors étant eux mêmes positionnés dans une région supérieure de la machine de traction, de manière à offrir un angle d'ouverture important vers la face supérieure de 1' éprouvette portée par ces mors. The idea underlying the invention is to provide specific jaws arranged in such a way that the upper face of one specimen is as close as possible to a plane tangent to the upper part of these jaws, these jaws being them. same positioned in an upper region of the traction machine, so as to provide a large opening angle to the upper face of one specimen carried by these jaws.
Comme visible dans la figure 1, le mors 1 selon l'invention comporte une embase 2 sur laquelle vient s'emboîter une bride 3, de manière à enserrer une extrémité ou tête d'une éprouvette 4 s 'étendant selon une direction de traction représentée par un axe longitudinal AL. As shown in Figure 1, the jaw 1 according to the invention comprises a base 2 on which is fitted a flange 3, so as to grip one end or head of a specimen 4 extending in a direction of traction shown by a longitudinal axis AL.
La bride 3, qui s'étend transversalement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal AL a une forme généralement rectangulaire, la direction transversale étant représentée par un axe repéré par AT dans la figure 1. Cette bride 3 comporte une région centrale 5 sous forme d'une paroi plane, prolongée par deux ailes 6 et 7 s 'étendant
transversalement dans deux directions opposées par rapport à la région centrale 5. The flange 3 which extends transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis AL has a generally rectangular shape, the transverse direction being represented by an axis indicated by AT in FIG. 1. This flange 3 comprises a central region 5 in the form of a a flat wall, extended by two wings 6 and 7 extending transversely in two opposite directions with respect to the central region 5.
Comme visible dans la figure 1, les deux ailes 6 et As seen in Figure 1, the two wings 6 and
7 qui présentent chacune une face inférieure plane, sont déportées par rapport à la région centrale 5, en direction de l'embase 2 à laquelle se fixe la bride 3. Les faces inférieures des ailes 6 et 7 sont ainsi au même niveau l'une que l'autre selon une direction verticale correspondant à un axe vertical repéré par AV qui est normal aux axes AL et AT, mais elles sont situées plus bas que la face inférieure de la région centrale 5 de la bride 3. 7 which each have a flat bottom face, are offset relative to the central region 5, in the direction of the base 2 to which the flange 3 is fixed. The lower faces of the wings 6 and 7 are thus at the same level. the other in a vertical direction corresponding to a vertical axis indicated by AV which is normal to the axes AL and AT, but they are located lower than the lower face of the central region 5 of the flange 3.
La portion supérieure de l'embase 2 a une forme qui est complémentaire de celle de la bride 3 qu'elle reçoit. Cette portion supérieure comporte ainsi une région centrale The upper portion of the base 2 has a shape that is complementary to that of the flange 3 that it receives. This upper portion thus comprises a central region
8 en relief présentant une face supérieure située au droit de la région centrale 5 de la bride 3. 8 in relief having an upper face located to the right of the central region 5 of the flange 3.
Cette région centrale 8 est prolongée par deux portions latérales présentant chacune une face d'appui 9, 11 surbaissée par rapport à la région centrale 8, ces faces d'appui 9 et 11 étant ainsi situées au droit des ailes 6 et This central region 8 is extended by two lateral portions each having a bearing surface 9, 11 lowered in relation to the central region 8, these bearing faces 9 and 11 thus being located in line with the wings 6 and
7, respectivement. 7, respectively.
Ainsi, comme visible dans la figure 1 où la bride 3 est située au dessus de l'embase 2, la portion supérieure de l'embase 2 a une forme qui est complémentaire de celle de la bride 3 qui a elle-même une forme générale de cavalier, s 'emboîtant ainsi dans la portion supérieure de Thus, as shown in Figure 1 where the flange 3 is located above the base 2, the upper portion of the base 2 has a shape which is complementary to that of the flange 3 which itself has a general shape rider, thus fitting into the upper portion of
1 ' embase 2. 1 'base 2.
La bride 3 est serrée sur l'embase 2 au moyen de quatre vis, repérées par 12 à 15. Les vis 12 et 13 traversent chacune verticalement l'aile 6, au niveau de perçages correspondants, ainsi qu'une cale 17, pour se visser dans l'embase à travers sa face d'appui 9. Les vis 14 et 15 traversent verticalement l'aile 7, au niveau de
perçages correspondants, ainsi qu'une cale 18, pour se visser dans l'embase 2 à travers sa paroi d'appui 7. The flange 3 is tightened on the base 2 by means of four screws, marked by 12 to 15. The screws 12 and 13 each vertically traverse the flange 6, at the corresponding holes, and a wedge 17, for screw in the base through its bearing face 9. The screws 14 and 15 vertically pass through the wing 7, at the level of corresponding holes, as well as a wedge 18, to be screwed into the base 2 through its support wall 7.
Complémentairement , le mors est équipé de deux entretoises 19, 20 qui sont situées entre la région centrale 5 de la bride 3 et la région centrale 8 de la portion supérieure de l'embase 2. Chaque entretoise comporte une face pourvue de griffes tournées vers la tête 21 de l'éprouvette 4 devant être reçue dans le mors, ces griffes s 'étendant transversalement de manière à éviter tout glissement longitudinal de l' entretoise par rapport au mors durant l'essai. Complementarily, the jaw is equipped with two spacers 19, 20 which are located between the central region 5 of the flange 3 and the central region 8 of the upper portion of the base 2. Each spacer has a face provided with claws facing the head 21 of the test piece 4 to be received in the jaw, these claws extending transversely so as to avoid longitudinal sliding of the spacer relative to the jaw during the test.
Ces entretoises sont maintenues en position dans le mors au moyen de deux pions 22 et 23 orientés verticalement. Chaque pion ou tige traverse la bride 3 ainsi que les deux entretoises 19 et 20 et la face supérieure de la région centrale 8 de l'embase, au niveau de perçages correspondants réalisés dans ces différents composants . These spacers are held in position in the jaw by means of two pins 22 and 23 oriented vertically. Each pin or rod passes through the flange 3 as well as the two spacers 19 and 20 and the upper face of the central region 8 of the base, at the corresponding holes made in these different components.
Lorsque la tête 21 de l'éprouvette 4 est en place dans le mors 1, elle est ainsi enserrée entre les deux faces griffées des entretoises 19 et 20 qui sont elles- mêmes comprimées entre l'embase 2 et la bride 3, et les deux pions 22 et 23 traversent verticalement cet empilement en étant situés de part et d'autre de la tête d'éprouvette 21 le long de l'axe transversal AT. When the head 21 of the specimen 4 is in place in the jaw 1, it is thus clamped between the two scratched faces of the spacers 19 and 20 which are themselves compressed between the base 2 and the flange 3, and both Pions 22 and 23 traverse vertically this stack being located on either side of the specimen head 21 along the transverse axis AT.
Comme visible dans la figure 1, l'éprouvette mécanique 4 se présente sous forme d'une plaque plane d'épaisseur constante qui est découpée selon un contour correspondant à celui de la lettre majuscule I, c'est-à- dire comprenant un corps rectangulaire prolongé par deux extrémités ou têtes plus larges que ce corps. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the mechanical specimen 4 is in the form of a plane plate of constant thickness which is cut in a contour corresponding to that of the capital letter I, that is to say comprising a body rectangular extended by two ends or heads wider than this body.
Le montage d'une éprouvette dans le mors 1 consiste dans un premier temps à retirer de ce mors 1 la bride 3 ainsi que les vis 12 à 15, les pions 22, 23, et l' entretoise supérieure 20. L'éprouvette est alors placée
de telle manière que la face inférieure de sa tête 21 soit en appui sur 1 'entretoise inférieure 19 qui repose alors sur la région centrale 8 de la portion supérieure de 1 ' embase 2. The mounting of a test piece in the jaw 1 consists first of all in removing from this jaw 1 the flange 3 as well as the screws 12 to 15, the pins 22, 23, and the upper spacer 20. The test piece is then placed in such a way that the lower face of its head 21 bears on the lower spacer 19 which then rests on the central region 8 of the upper portion of the base 2.
L'entretoise supérieure 20 est alors positionnée sur la face supérieure de la tête 21, après quoi la bride 3 est mise en place sur l'ensemble, avant d'engager les deux pions 22 et 23 verticalement dans les perçages correspondants pour qu'ils traversent la bride ainsi que les entretoises et la face supérieure de la portion 8. Les vis 12 à 15 peuvent alors être engagées dans les perçages correspondants, puis serrées de manière à solidariser complètement l'éprouvette avec le mors. The upper spacer 20 is then positioned on the upper face of the head 21, after which the flange 3 is placed on the assembly, before engaging the two pins 22 and 23 vertically in the corresponding holes so that they through the flange and the spacers and the upper face of the portion 8. The screws 12 to 15 can then be engaged in the corresponding holes, and then tightened so as to completely secure the test piece with the jaw.
Comme visible en figure 2, le mors 1 est solidarisé à un support mobile 24 de la machine de traction par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison indexable selon différentes positions angulaires autour de la direction longitudinale. A cet effet, l'embase du mors 1 comporte une portion cylindrique ou palier 25 dépassant de la face arrière de cette embase 2, c'est-à-dire la face opposée à la direction dans laquelle s'étend l'éprouvette 4. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the jaw 1 is secured to a mobile support 24 of the traction machine by means of an indexable link at different angular positions around the longitudinal direction. For this purpose, the base of the jaw 1 comprises a cylindrical or bearing portion 25 protruding from the rear face of this base 2, that is to say the face opposite to the direction in which the test piece 4 extends.
Ce palier 25 s'engage dans un perçage correspondant du support mobile 24, permettant ainsi au mors de tourner autour d'un axe longitudinal. Complémentairement , l'embase 2 comporte dans sa portion inférieure un perçage traversant, orienté parallèlement à l'axe AL, et recevant un pion d'indexation 26 pouvant ainsi s'engager dans l'un de plusieurs trous 27-29 réalisés à la face du support mobile 24 contre laquelle vient en appui le mors 1 lorsqu'il est en place. This bearing 25 engages in a corresponding bore of the mobile support 24, thus allowing the jaw to rotate about a longitudinal axis. Complementarily, the base 2 comprises in its lower portion a through hole, oriented parallel to the axis AL, and receiving an indexing pin 26 can thus engage in one of several holes 27-29 made to the face mobile support 24 against which bears the jaw 1 when in place.
Lorsque le palier 25 est en place, il dépasse au delà du support mobile 24, pour recevoir un élément de fixation tel qu'un écrou, et/ou un capteur mesurant les efforts exercés par le mors sur le support 24, c'est-à-dire les efforts de traction subis par l'éprouvette.
Comme on l'aura compris, le montage du mors 1 consiste à engager son palier 25 dans le trou correspondant du support mobile 24, puis à le placer à l'orientation angulaire souhaitée autour de la direction longitudinale, à engager le pion 26 à travers l'embase 2 et le support mobile, puis à monter l'élément de fixation sur la partie du palier dépassant du support mobile 24. When the bearing 25 is in place, it protrudes beyond the movable support 24, to receive a fastening element such as a nut, and / or a sensor measuring the forces exerted by the jaw on the support 24, that is, that is, the tensile forces experienced by the test piece. As will be understood, the assembly of the jaw 1 consists of engaging its bearing 25 in the corresponding hole of the mobile support 24, then to place it at the desired angular orientation around the longitudinal direction, to engage the pin 26 through the base 2 and the movable support, then to mount the fastening element on the part of the bearing protruding from the mobile support 24.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, trois orientations du mors sont possibles, espacées les unes des autres d'environ un quart de tour autour de la direction longitudinale. Avantageusement, le nombre de trous du support mobile est plus important que dans l'exemple des figures, de manière à permettre toute inclinaison du mors, et donc de 1 ' éprouvette , entre 30 et 70 degrés par tranches de 10 degrés. In the example of Figure 2, three orientations of the jaw are possible, spaced from each other by about a quarter turn around the longitudinal direction. Advantageously, the number of holes of the movable support is greater than in the example of the figures, so as to allow any inclination of the jaw, and therefore the specimen, between 30 and 70 degrees in increments of 10 degrees.
La machine de traction en soi qui est représentée dans son ensemble en figure 3 en y étant repérée par 31 comporte un châssis 32 comprenant une embase 33 ayant une forme générale de plaque rectangulaire et portant à sa face supérieure deux supports fixes transversaux 34 et 36 situés respectivement aux extrémités avant et arrière de l'embase 33 par rapport à la direction longitudinale AL. The traction machine per se, which is shown as a whole in FIG. 3, indicated by 31, comprises a frame 32 comprising a base 33 having the general shape of a rectangular plate and carrying on its upper surface two transverse fixed supports 34 and 36 located respectively at the front and rear ends of the base 33 relative to the longitudinal direction AL.
Dans cette machine, l' éprouvette 4 montée est située sensiblement au centre du châssis, en ayant sa première extrémité portée par le mors 1 et sa seconde extrémité portée par un autre mors, repéré par 37, et qui est du même type que le mors 1. Les mors 1 et 37 sont portés respectivement par le support mobile 24 et par le support mobile 38, ces supports étant mobiles en translation selon la direction longitudinale AL. In this machine, the test piece 4 mounted is located substantially in the center of the frame, having its first end carried by the jaw 1 and its second end carried by another jaw, marked by 37, and which is of the same type as the jaw. 1. The jaws 1 and 37 are carried respectively by the movable support 24 and the movable support 38, these supports being movable in translation in the longitudinal direction AL.
Chaque support mobile 24, 37 est porté par deux systèmes de vis à bille s 'étendant longitudinalement en étant disposés de part et d'autre des mors 1 et 37, ces mors étant situés l'un comme l'autre le long de l'axe longitudinal central AL de la machine de traction.
Le premier système de vis à bille comporte une vis 39 s 'étendant longitudinalement et ayant ses extrémités portées par les supports fixes 34 et 36, respectivement. Cette vis comporte successivement le long de la direction longitudinale deux portions filetées en sens inverse et qui s'étendent chacune sur une moitié environ de la longueur de vis . Each movable support 24, 37 is carried by two ball screw systems extending longitudinally being disposed on either side of the jaws 1 and 37, these jaws being located one along the other. central longitudinal axis AL of the traction machine. The first ball screw system comprises a screw 39 extending longitudinally and having its ends carried by the fixed supports 34 and 36, respectively. This screw comprises successively along the longitudinal direction two threaded portions in the opposite direction and which each extend over a half of the length of the screw.
L'une de ces portions est engagée dans une douille à billes 41 qui est rigidement solidaire du premier support mobile 24, et l'autre portion, filetée en sens inverse, est engagée dans une autre douille à billes 42 qui est rigidement solidarisée au second support mobile 38. Ainsi, lorsque la vis 39 tourne dans un sens, elle tend à éloigner les supports mobiles 24 et 38 l'un de l'autre, ce qui correspond à un essai de traction, et lorsqu'elle tourne en sens inverse, elle tend à les rapprocher l'un de l'autre, ce qui correspond à un essai de compression de 1 ' éprouvette . One of these portions is engaged in a ball bushing 41 which is rigidly secured to the first movable support 24, and the other portion, threaded in the opposite direction, is engaged in another ball bushing 42 which is rigidly secured to the second mobile support 38. Thus, when the screw 39 rotates in one direction, it tends to move the movable supports 24 and 38 away from each other, which corresponds to a tensile test, and when it turns in the opposite direction it tends to bring them closer to one another, which corresponds to a compression test of one specimen.
Le second système de vis à bille est du même type que le premier, il comporte une seconde vis 43 comportant deux portions filetées en sens inverse engagées respectivement dans une douille à bille 44 solidaire du premier support mobile 24 et dans une autre douille à bille 46 rigidement solidaire du second support mobile 38. The second ball screw system is of the same type as the first, it comprises a second screw 43 comprising two threaded portions in opposite directions respectively engaged in a ball socket 44 secured to the first movable support 24 and in another ball socket 46 rigidly secured to the second movable support 38.
Les deux vis 39 et 43 sont entraînées en rotation par un moteur électrique 47, de type pas à pas, qui est porté par le châssis 32 en s ' étendant longitudinalement, le long de la vis 39. L'arbre moteur 48 de ce moteur 47 traverse le support fixe transversal 36, et porte à son extrémité un pignon, qui entraîne en rotation conjointement les vis 39 et 43 par l'intermédiaire d'un système de transmission à chaîne et roues dentées. The two screws 39 and 43 are rotated by an electric motor 47, of the step type, which is carried by the frame 32 extending longitudinally along the screw 39. The motor shaft 48 of this motor 47 passes through the transverse fixed support 36, and carries at its end a pinion, which rotates jointly screws 39 and 43 through a chain transmission system and toothed wheels.
Dans ces conditions, lorsque le moteur 47 est actionné pour tourner dans un premier sens de rotation, il exerce, par l'intermédiaire des vis 39 et 43, un couple de
rotation tendant à éloigner l'un de l'autre les supports mobiles 24 et 38, pour solliciter l'éprouvette 4 en traction. Lorsque le moteur tourne en sens inverse, il sollicite l'éprouvette 4 en compression. Under these conditions, when the motor 47 is actuated to rotate in a first direction of rotation, it exerts, via the screws 39 and 43, a pair of rotation tending to move away from each other the movable supports 24 and 38, to urge the test piece 4 in traction. When the motor rotates in the opposite direction, it urges the specimen 4 in compression.
Comme on le comprend, ces deux systèmes de vis à bille, situés de part et d'autre de l'ensemble formé par l'éprouvette et les deux mors qui la portent contribuent à assurer que l'éprouvette est soumise à une sollicitation de traction pure selon son axe longitudinal, du fait qu'elles assurent que les deux supports mobiles restent parallèles l'un à l'autre tout au long de l'essai. As can be understood, these two ball screw systems, located on either side of the assembly formed by the test piece and the two jaws which bear it, contribute to ensuring that the test piece is subjected to a tensile stress. pure along its longitudinal axis, as they ensure that the two movable supports remain parallel to each other throughout the test.
La micromachine est encore pourvue de moyens de guidage supplémentaires, assurant que les supports mobiles restent orientés perpendiculairement à leur direction de déplacement durant l'essai, ce qui contribue encore à améliorer un fonctionnement en traction pure ou en compression pure. The micromachine is further provided with additional guide means, ensuring that the movable supports remain oriented perpendicular to their direction of travel during the test, which further contributes to improving a pure traction or pure compression operation.
Comme visible dans la figure 3, ces moyens de guidage supplémentaires comportent un rail 50, porté par le châssis 32 en étant orienté longitudinalement en étant situé transversalement à l'opposée du moteur 47. Ce rail porte deux patins 51 et 52, mobiles longitudinalement le long de ce rail 50, en étant liés à celui-ci chacun par une liaison glissière orientée selon l'axe longitudinal. Le patin 51 est rigidement solidaire du support mobile 24, et le patin 52 est rigidement solidaire du support mobile 38. As can be seen in FIG. 3, these additional guiding means comprise a rail 50 carried by the frame 32 being oriented longitudinally being located transversely to the opposite of the motor 47. This rail carries two shoes 51 and 52, which are longitudinally movable along this rail 50, being connected thereto each by a slide connection oriented along the longitudinal axis. The shoe 51 is rigidly secured to the movable support 24, and the shoe 52 is rigidly secured to the movable support 38.
La micromachine comporte encore un autre rail portant deux autres patins, non repérés dans les figures, et qui est situé transversalement à l'opposée du rail 50, c'est-à-dire dans la proximité du moteur 47 qu'il longe. De la même manière, les deux autres patins non repérés sont liés à cet autre rail par des liaisons glissières orientées longitudinalement, l'un de ces patins étant rigidement solidaire du support mobile 24, l'autre patin étant rigidement solidaire de l'autre support mobile 38.
Grâce à ces quatre patins et ces deux rails supplémentaires, les supports mobiles 24 et 38 sont assujettis à un déplacement en translation longitudinale pure, et ils ne risquent pas de s'incliner par rapport à la transversale à cette direction longitudinale. The micromachine further comprises another rail carrying two other pads, not shown in the figures, and which is located transversely to the opposite of the rail 50, that is to say in the proximity of the motor 47 that it runs. In the same way, the two other unmarked pads are connected to this other rail by longitudinally oriented sliding links, one of these pads being rigidly secured to the movable support 24, the other pad being rigidly secured to the other support mobile 38. With these four pads and these two additional rails, the movable supports 24 and 38 are subject to a displacement in pure longitudinal translation, and they are not likely to incline relative to the transverse to this longitudinal direction.
La micromachine comporte en outre un capteur d'efforts 49, par lequel sont transférés les efforts longitudinaux exercés par le mors 1 au support mobile 24, comme expliqué précédemment, ces efforts correspondant ainsi aux efforts de traction auxquels est soumise l'éprouvette 4. The micromachine further comprises a force sensor 49, by which the longitudinal forces exerted by the jaw 1 are transferred to the mobile support 24, as previously explained, these forces thus corresponding to the tensile forces to which the test piece 4 is subjected.
La micromachine est encore pourvue d'un capteur de déplacement 56 comprenant un corps 53 dans lequel coulisse une tige 54, ces deux parties étant mobiles longitudinalement l'une par rapport à l'autre. The micromachine is further provided with a displacement sensor 56 comprising a body 53 in which a rod 54 slides, these two parts being movable longitudinally with respect to each other.
Comme visible notamment dans la figure 5, le corps 53 est solidarisé longitudinalement au premier support mobile 24, et la tige 54 est solidarisée au second support mobile 38. Ce capteur de déplacement 56 est ainsi capable de fournir une information précise représentative du déplacement du premier support 24 par rapport au second support 38, c'est-à-dire une information représentative de l'allongement de l'éprouvette 4, à tout instant durant l'essai. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 5, the body 53 is secured longitudinally to the first movable support 24, and the rod 54 is secured to the second mobile support 38. This displacement sensor 56 is thus capable of providing accurate information representative of the displacement of the first support 24 relative to the second support 38, that is to say information representative of the elongation of the specimen 4, at any time during the test.
Comme illustré sur les figures 3 à 5, grâce aux mors selon l'invention, la face supérieure de l'éprouvette 4 est très dégagée, c'est-à-dire qu'elle peut être observée selon un angle de vue très étendu, du fait qu'elle est très proche des faces supérieures des mors selon la direction verticale, tout en étant située sensiblement au dessus des vis 39 et 43. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5, thanks to the jaws according to the invention, the upper face of the test piece 4 is very clear, that is to say that it can be observed at a very wide angle of view, because it is very close to the upper faces of the jaws in the vertical direction, while being located substantially above the screws 39 and 43.
Dans les figures 2 à 4, on a représenté par A l'étendue angulaire selon laquelle la face supérieure de l'éprouvette peut être vue, cette étendue étant représentée par un secteur angulaire s 'étendant sur environ 150 degrés,
dans un plan longitudinal vertical, c'est-à-dire contenant les axes AL et AV.
FIGS. 2 to 4 show by A the angular extent in which the upper face of the test piece can be seen, this extent being represented by an angular sector extending over approximately 150 degrees, in a vertical longitudinal plane, that is to say containing the axes AL and AV.
Claims
1. Micromachine d'essais mécaniques (31) destinée à être utilisée dans une enceinte de microscope électronique à balayage ou avec un appareil de diffraction, comportant deux mors (1, 37) portés par deux supports (24, 38), chaque mors (1, 37) étant destiné à recevoir une extrémité d'une éprouvette mécanique (4), et des moyens pour exercer sur les supports (24, 38) des efforts tendant à les écarter l'un de l'autre ou à les rapprocher l'un de l'autre selon une direction longitudinale (AL), chaque mors (1, 37) comprenant une embase (2) et une bride (3) pour fixer une extrémité (21) d'éprouvette (4) au mors (1, 37) en l'enserrant entre la bride (3) et l'embase (2) au moyen d'au moins deux vis de serrage (12-15) traversant chacune la bride (3) et au moins une partie de l'embase (2), ces deux vis (12-15) étant situées de part et d'autre de l'extrémité d'éprouvette (21), la bride (3) comportant une région centrale (5) venant enserrer l'extrémité d'éprouvette (21) et deux ailes (6, 7) prolongeant chacune cette portion centrale (5), chaque aile (6, 7) étant traversée par au moins une vis de serrage (12-15), et dans laquelle chaque aile (6, 7) de la bride (3) est décalée par rapport à la région centrale (5) de la bride (3) en direction de l'embase (2) . A mechanical test micromachine (31) for use in a scanning electron microscope chamber or with a diffraction apparatus, comprising two jaws (1, 37) carried by two supports (24, 38), each jaw ( 1, 37) being adapted to receive an end of a mechanical test piece (4), and means for exerting on the supports (24, 38) efforts tending to separate them from each other or to bring them closer together. one of the other in a longitudinal direction (AL), each jaw (1, 37) comprising a base (2) and a flange (3) for attaching a specimen end (21) to the jaw (1). , 37) by clamping it between the flange (3) and the base (2) by means of at least two clamping screws (12-15) each passing through the flange (3) and at least a part of the base (2), these two screws (12-15) being located on either side of the specimen end (21), the flange (3) comprising a central region (5) coming to grip the end of specimen (21) and two wings (6, 7) each extending this central portion (5), each wing (6, 7) being traversed by at least one clamping screw (12-15), and wherein each wing (6, 7) of the flange (3) is offset from the central region (5) of the flange (3) in the direction of the base (2).
2. Micromachine selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle chaque mors (1, 37) comporte en outre une entretoise (19) s ' interposant entre l'extrémité d'éprouvette (21) et l'embase (2), et/ou une entretoise (20) s ' interposant entre l'extrémité d'éprouvette (21) et la bride (3), des pions de blocage (22, 23) traversant chacun la bride (3) ainsi que chaque entretoise (19, 20), chaque entretoise (19, 20) comportant une surface striée destinée à venir en appui sur l'extrémité d'éprouvette (21) lors du serrage. 2. Micromachine according to claim 1, wherein each jaw (1, 37) further comprises a spacer (19) interposed between the specimen end (21) and the base (2), and / or a spacer (20) interposed between the specimen end (21) and the flange (3), locking pins (22, 23) each passing through the flange (3) and each spacer (19, 20), each spacer (19, 20) having a grooved surface intended to bear on the specimen end (21) during clamping.
3. Micromachine selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle les moyens pour exercer sur les supports mobiles (24, 38) des efforts tendant à les rapprocher ou à les écarter l'un de l'autre comportent deux systèmes de type vis à bille (39, 43) situés de part et d'autre de la paire de mors ( 1 , 37 ) . 3. Micromachine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the means for exerting on the movable supports (24, 38) efforts tending to bring them closer or to separate them from one another comprise two ball screw type systems. (39, 43) located on either side of the pair of jaws (1, 37).
4. Micromachine selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, comprenant deux rails de guidage fixes (50) orientés selon la direction longitudinale (AL) , et dans laquelle les supports mobiles (24, 38) sont liés aux rails de guidage fixes (50) par des liaisons glissières orientées selon la direction longitudinale (AL) . 4. Micromachine according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising two fixed guide rails (50) oriented in the longitudinal direction (AL), and wherein the movable supports (24, 38) are connected to the fixed guide rails ( 50) by sliding links oriented in the longitudinal direction (AL).
5. Micromachine selon la revendication 3, comportant un moteur (47) d'entraînement des deux systèmes de type vis à bille (39, 43) , et des moyens de transmission par chaîne reliant ce moteur (47) aux deux systèmes de vis à bille (39, 43) . 5. Micromachine according to claim 3, comprising a motor (47) for driving the two ball screw type systems (39, 43), and chain transmission means connecting this motor (47) to the two screw systems to ball (39, 43).
6. Micromachine selon l'une des revendications précédente, dans laquelle chaque mors (1, 37) est solidarisé au support mobile (24, 38) qui le porte de manière à être orientable autour d'un axe longitudinal (AL) . 6. Micromachine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each jaw (1, 37) is secured to the movable support (24, 38) which carries it so as to be orientable about a longitudinal axis (AL).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1156133 | 2011-07-06 | ||
FR1156133A FR2977670B1 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2011-07-06 | TENSION AND COMPRESSION TYPE MECHANICAL TEST MICROMACHINE HAVING OPTIMIZED ACCESSIBILITY. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2013004812A1 true WO2013004812A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
Family
ID=46506373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2012/063233 WO2013004812A1 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2012-07-06 | Micromachine for mechanical tests of tension and compression type having optimized accessibility |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2977670B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013004812A1 (en) |
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FR3009752A1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-20 | Snecma | UNIAXIAL SOLICITATION TEST BENCH AND TEST METHOD USED THEREWITH |
CN104596851A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-05-06 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Rock micro/nano mechanical testing method, rock micro/nano mechanical testing system and rock micro/nano mechanical testing fixture |
CN107907039A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-04-13 | 南京典卡木软件有限公司 | A kind of deformational displacement testing jig based on computer software and hardware |
IT201800003851A1 (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2019-09-21 | E Fem S R L | CLAMPING ELEMENT OF A SPECIMEN FOR A MACHINE FOR THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A MATERIAL |
CN110296886A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-10-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Rigid-soft compound fracturation evolution monitoring device of one kind and monitoring method |
IT201800004705A1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-19 | ASSEMBLING MACHINE AND ASSEMBLY METHOD FOR COUPLING TWO SAMPLE HOLDERS THE ENDS OF AN ELASTOMER SPECIMEN TO SUBJECT TO DYNAMIC THERMAL-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS | |
CN112485412A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-03-12 | 华广生技股份有限公司 | Physiological sensing device for reading test piece |
CN114136789A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-03-04 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | In-situ stretching device for X-ray test |
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CN110296886A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-10-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Rigid-soft compound fracturation evolution monitoring device of one kind and monitoring method |
CN110296886B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2021-12-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Rigid-soft composite rock stratum fracture evolution monitoring device and monitoring method |
CN112485412A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-03-12 | 华广生技股份有限公司 | Physiological sensing device for reading test piece |
CN112485412B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2024-01-09 | 华广生技股份有限公司 | Physiological sensing device for reading test piece |
CN114136789A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-03-04 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | In-situ stretching device for X-ray test |
CN114136789B (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-04-29 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | In-situ stretching device for X-ray test |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2977670A1 (en) | 2013-01-11 |
FR2977670B1 (en) | 2014-04-18 |
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