CN104596851A - Rock micro/nano mechanical testing method, rock micro/nano mechanical testing system and rock micro/nano mechanical testing fixture - Google Patents
Rock micro/nano mechanical testing method, rock micro/nano mechanical testing system and rock micro/nano mechanical testing fixture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock micro/nano mechanical testing method, a rock micro/nano mechanical testing system and a rock micro/nano mechanical testing fixture. The testing method comprises the following steps: preprocessing the testing fixture, and prefabricating a rock test sample according to different testing conditions and research purposes, wherein a fixed part matched with and fixed together with the loading end of mechanical loading testing equipment is processed by the testing fixture; fixing the rock test sample on the testing fixture, and fixing the fixed parts of the testing fixture to the loading end of the testing equipment; and applying a simulated load to the testing fixture, and transmitting the simulated load to the rock test sample via the testing fixture. According to the method, the testing fixture is matched with and fixed together with the loading end of the testing equipment, and a complex matching structure does not need to be processed on the rock test sample, so that the difficulty in preparation of a rock test sample conforming to testing conditions is greatly lowered; and the rock test sample can be conveniently connected with the loading testing equipment by virtue of the testing fixture, so that the efficiency of rock micro/nano mechanical testing is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock micro nanometer mechanics technical field, the test method of particularly a kind of rock class micro nanometer mechanics test and pilot system, test fixture.
Background technology
Shale gas is the very important unconventional gas resources of one exploiting out from shale bed.Shale bed has the feature of pole low-porosity and pole low-permeability, and shale gas is composed with the form such as ADSORPTION STATE, free state and is stored in the space of shale micro-nano-scale, crevice space, and under native state, shale gas freely cannot flow out and form industrial gas reservoir.
In order to economy, efficiently shale gas is deposited space from the tax of the micro-nano-scale of pole low-permeability and exploit out, research shale is needed to be nanoscale hole, how through with macroscopic fracture network and be connected crack be in the process of volume fracturing transformation reservoir, this just needs to observe shale sample micro/nano-scale natural defect (as micro-crack by high-tech laboratory facilities, Micro-v oid, micropore larynx, mineral cleavage face, crystal dislocation etc.) distortion under the stressed effect of difference, Crack Extension feature, disclose the micro-nano lower stress distortion of shale, break and the through rule of crackle.
Micro nanometer mechanics test is primarily of following methods: Using Nanoindentation, Bubbling method, micro-beam deflection method, Tension; The main surveying instrument of Tension is micro-tensilometer, can realize most of mechanical properties in addition to hardness, is a kind of mechanical measuring and calculation method conventional at present.
When Tension carries out Experiments of Machanics, sample is first processed into the geometric configuration of standard by needs, component is directly mounted on micro-tensilometer.But, due to rock, mineral etc. natively material itself there is the natural defect (as micro-crack, Micro-v oid, micropore larynx, mineral cleavage face etc.) of micro-nano-scale, particularly shale has the very thin bed plane be made up of laminar clay mineral, brittleness degree is high and easily break, sample preparation is very difficult, and sample preparation success ratio is low.Need when preparation standard sample through the complicated technique such as cutting, polishing, this is extremely crisp for lithology, be easy to the shale materials that breaks, be almost difficult to sample preparation success, thus cannot be processed into the geometric configuration of standard as the other materials such as metal.
In addition, because shale materials easily breaks, shale sample can not adopt the mode such as pin or mechanical grip and test machine loader to carry out being rigidly connected and fixing as other materials.
Therefore, current Tension is all generally for metal sheet, plastics, film, filament, polymkeric substance, optical fiber, hair, wooden, the material such as textile, concrete.And existing be applicable to the other materials such as metal experimental technique scheme and be not suitable for the mechanical test of rock, mineral material, be not particularly suitable for shale materials.
Therefore, sample, fixture and method of testing that a set of micromechanics rock class micro nanometer mechanics being applicable to shale materials is tested urgently is invented.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is the test method and pilot system, the test fixture that provide the test of a kind of rock class micro nanometer mechanics, the difficulty of the rock class test exemplar of preparation Pass Test condition greatly can be reduced by this test method, and facilitate rock class to test the connection of exemplar and loading experiment equipment, improve the conventional efficient of rock class micro nanometer mechanics test.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides the test method of a kind of rock class micro nanometer mechanics test, it is characterized in that, this test method is carried out according to the following steps:
Preprocessing test fixture, described test fixture is processed with and coordinates fixing fixed part with the loading end of Mechanical loading experimental facilities, and according to different measurement condition and research purpose prefabricated rock class test exemplar;
Described rock class test exemplar is positioned on described test fixture, and the fixed part of described fixture is fixed on the loading end of experimental facilities;
Apply simulation load in described test fixture, by described test fixture, described simulation load is transmitted to described rock class test exemplar, for obtaining rock class test exemplar concrete micro nanometer mechanics test parameter under the effect of loading simulation load.
In the present invention, rock class test exemplar is connected and fixed on the loading end of experimental facilities by rock class test exemplar by test fixture, test fixture coordinates fixing with the loading end of experimental facilities, without the need to the fit structure of processed complex on rock class test exemplar, greatly can reduce the difficulty of the rock class test exemplar of preparation Pass Test condition, and test fixture can facilitate rock class to test the connection of exemplar and loading experiment equipment, improves the conventional efficient of rock class mechanical test.
Preferably, described test fixture comprises the first clamp body and the second clamp body, and the outer end of described first clamp body and described second clamp body is processed with loading end corresponding to described experimental facilities respectively and coordinates fixing fixed part;
The two ends of described rock class test exemplar are located between described first clamp body and the opposing inner end portion of the second clamp body.
Preferably, the two ends of described rock class test exemplar to be positioned described in two between first clamp body and the second clamp body by bonding way.
Preferably, exemplar is prefabricated in the following manner forms for the test of described rock class: adopt digital control wire-electrode cutting technique to become to meet the plate-shaped rock class test exemplar of specimen size by rock class Linear cut, and according to measurement condition and research purpose, precrack on described rock class test exemplar.
Preferably, before precrack, glossing is carried out to described rock class test exemplar precrack regional area; And complete crackle by digital control wire-electrode cutting technique.
Preferably, described crackle is the opening being arranged in described rock class test exemplar side edge, or/and described crackle is the crackle being arranged in described rock class test exemplar inside, be positioned at described rock class test exemplar inside crackle by following technological forming: first rock class test exemplar surface working diameter range be the hole of 1-2mm, then adopt wire cutting technology be processed into reservation shape.
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of test fixture for the test of rock class micro nanometer mechanics, described test fixture comprises fixed part and location division, and described fixed part coordinates fixing with the loading end of experimental facilities, location, described location division rock class test exemplar; The simulation load of described experimental facilities is transmitted to described rock class test exemplar by described test fixture.
Preferably, described first clamp body and described second clamp body are slab construction, described slab construction longitudinally comprises first paragraph and second segment, the width of described first paragraph is greater than the width of described second segment, described first paragraph is connected by segmental arc with described second segment, and described segmental arc can coordinate fixing with the draw-in groove of the loading end of described experimental facilities; Described rock class test exemplar is positioned between the second segment of described first clamp body and the second segment of described second clamp body.
Preferably, described first paragraph is also provided with pin hole, described pin hole and the corresponding pin-and-hole of described loading end coordinate fixing.
Preferably, described first clamp body and described second clamp body are slab construction, and the end of described slab construction is provided with pin hole, and described pin hole and the corresponding pin-and-hole of described loading end coordinate fixing.
Divided by upper outside, present invention also offers the pilot system of a kind of rock class micro nanometer mechanics test, comprise with lower component:
Experimental facilities, for applying simulation load in rock class test exemplar;
Microscopy apparatus, for obtaining rock class test exemplar concrete micro nanometer mechanics test parameter under the effect of loading simulation load;
Also comprise the test fixture for being positioned by rock class test exemplar on experimental facilities, described test fixture is the test fixture described in above-mentioned any one.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the test method of rock class micro nanometer mechanics test in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the Making programme figure of shale test exemplar in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing for the first clamp body in micro-tensilometer in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that in an embodiment of the present invention, test fixture and rock class test the structural representation that exemplar assembles;
Fig. 5-1 to Fig. 5-4 is several forms of precrack on rock class test exemplar.
Embodiment
Core of the present invention is the test method that provides a kind of rock class micro nanometer mechanics and test and pilot system, test fixture, the difficulty of the rock class test exemplar of preparation Pass Test condition greatly can be reduced by this test method, and facilitate rock class to test the connection of exemplar and loading experiment equipment, improve the conventional efficient of rock class micro nanometer mechanics test.
Without loss of generality; technical scheme and technique effect thereof is introduced herein for micro-stretching mechanical test of rock class; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that herein technical scheme be applied to in micro-stretching of rock class or other test methods such as minute-pressure contracting or fatigue break also in protection domain herein.
In order to make those skilled in the art understand technical scheme of the present invention better, below in conjunction with pilot system, test method, the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
The pilot system of rock class micro nanometer mechanics test mainly comprises microscopy apparatus, experimental facilities, experimental facilities is for applying simulation load in rock class test exemplar, for tension test, experimental facilities is micro-tensilometer, and micro-tensilometer Main Function is load stretching simulation load to test exemplar.Microscopy apparatus is mainly used in the change obtaining rock class test exemplar design parameter under the effect of loading simulation load, such as measure or the quantitative parameter such as intensity, deformation modulus, fracture toughness of viewing test exemplar under the effect of loading simulation load, microscopy apparatus can be the equipment that scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, transmission electron microscope etc. possess microscopic observation function.
Present invention also offers a kind of test fixture for rock class micro nanometer mechanics testing experiment, test fixture is processed with to coordinate fixing fixed part with the loading end of loading experiment equipment and coordinate locates the location division that rock class tests exemplar, when carrying out mechanical test test, rock class test exemplar is positioned on test fixture by location division; Rock class test exemplar can be positioned on test fixture by modes such as gluing or clampings.The test method of rock class micro nanometer mechanics test provided by the invention can be carried out according to the following steps:
S1, preprocessing test fixture, and according to different measurement condition and research purpose prefabricated rock class test exemplar;
S2, rock class test exemplar to be positioned on test fixture, and the fixed part of fixture to be fixed on the loading end of experimental facilities;
Simulation load, in described test fixture, is transmitted to rock class test exemplar by test fixture by S3, applying simulation load, and obtains rock class test exemplar concrete micro nanometer mechanics test parameter under the effect of loading simulation load.
While carrying out step S3, generally adopt the crack initiation of microscopy apparatus real-time monitored crack tip, expansion and the micro-crack network evolutionary processes such as scanning electron microscope simultaneously, obtain and the information such as stored images and photo.
With rock class for shale, experimental facilities is micro-tensilometer is example, in a kind of test specifically, shale test exemplar is the rectangular parallelepiped plate-shaped of rule, and shale can adopt wire cutting technology to process preparation, and wire cutting technology conventional is at present alloy-steel wire and molybdenum filament wire cutting technology.Certainly, the shape of shale test exemplar can be different according to test objective, also can be processed as rhombus plate-shaped, square plate-shaped or other shapes.
Adopt the Cutting Process such as traditional diamond saw blade to process compared with exemplar with prior art, wire cutting technology can reduce sample making course to the disturbance of shale test exemplar and damage, and can improve the efficiency and success ratio of preparing shale fracture micro nanometer mechanics sample.
For micro-tensilometer, micro-tensilometer has two drag load loading ends, and corresponding test fixture can be designed as following form:
Test fixture can comprise the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2, first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2 and include fixed part and location division, and fixed part coordinates fixing with the loading end of experimental facilities, and two location divisions coordinate location shale test exemplar.
Adopt the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2 not only can be connected with micro-tensilometer loading end easily, and test fixture is designed to two sections and is convenient to the adjustment shale test long limit of exemplar and makes it parallel with micro-tensile loads direction, be also convenient to observe crack propagation process under the microscopy apparatus such as scanning electron microscope.
In the present invention, rock class test exemplar is connected and fixed on the loading end of experimental facilities by rock class test exemplar by test fixture, test fixture coordinates fixing with the loading end of experimental facilities, without the need to the fit structure of processed complex on rock class test exemplar, greatly can reduce the difficulty of the rock class test exemplar of preparation Pass Test condition, and test fixture can facilitate rock class to test the connection of exemplar and loading experiment equipment, improves the conventional efficient of rock class micro nanometer mechanics test.
Particularly, the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2 can be slab construction, and the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2 can be designed as identical structure, also can be designed as different structure.Having identical structure for the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2 introduces technical scheme herein.
Please refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the structural drawing for the first clamp body in micro-tensilometer in an embodiment of the present invention, in a kind of specific embodiment, slab construction longitudinally comprises first paragraph 11 and second segment 12, the width of first paragraph 11 is greater than the width of second segment 12, first paragraph 11 is connected by segmental arc with second segment 12, and segmental arc can coordinate fixing with the draw-in groove of the loading end of micro-tensilometer; Shale test exemplar is adhered between the second segment 12 of the first clamp body 1 and the second segment of the second clamp body 2.Shale test exemplar can use seccotine to be adhered on two clamp bodies.
Shale test exemplar by cemented in place on the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2, the processing technology of shale test exemplar can be reduced so further, the efficiency and success ratio of preparing shale fracturing mechanics sample can be improved, and reduce sample making course to the disturbance of shale samples and damage.
For preventing causing fixture to be out of shape in tensile loads process, first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2 can adopt the stainless steel material that rigidity is larger, in addition in order to simplified processing process, the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2 can be designed as same geometry and size.
In the respective embodiments described above, first paragraph 11 can also be provided with pin hole 1a, pin hole 1a and the corresponding pin-and-hole of micro-tensilometer loading end coordinate fixing.Such first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2 can be stuck in the draw-in groove of micro-tensilometer loading end by segmental arc 13, also can be fixed on the loading end of micro-tensilometer through pin hole corresponding on clamp body by pin.
Certainly, first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2 only can arrange the pin hole coordinating to the corresponding pin-and-hole of loading end and fix, segmental arc is not set, namely the first clamp body 1 can only use pin to be fixed in the loading end of micro-tensilometer, simplifies the processing technology of the first clamp body 1 and the second clamp body 2.
In addition, rock is made up of the structural plane etc. of different minerals composition, cementing matter and different scale, has extremely strong nonuniformity, anisotropic character.Theoretically, when micro-Crack Propagation Under Tensile Load, crackle in expansion process is inner through mineral crystal, mineral crystal border, during the different parts such as cementing matter or structural plane, test the micro-nano-scale crack propagation process and intensity that obtain, deformation modulus, the quantitative characteristics such as fracture toughness also present larger difference, existing method is only suitable for generally testing homogeneous, the micromechanics of isotropic material, for the rock type materials such as shale, existing method lacks sample targetedly, fixture and method of testing come Micronano-mechanics character and the feature of the above-mentioned different parts of class test, test process cannot reflect point homogenieity and the anisotropy of rock.
In order to test the quantitative characteristics such as the micro-nano-scale crack propagation process of shale under micro-tensile loads condition and intensity, deformation modulus, fracture toughness pointedly, also systematically precrack 31 on rock class test exemplar further herein.The position of crackle 31, the degree of depth, combination form and the angle etc. between precrack 31 and loading direction, contribute to realizing crackle like this and extend expansion along the most advanced and sophisticated position of precrack 31, and then be convenient to microscopy apparatus focus on observation crackle concentrate the tiny area broken, realize the high-level efficiency of observation, improve accuracy and the specific aim at observation position.
Following present the form of precrack 31 in several concrete shale development test.
In the first specifically test, crackle 31 only can be arranged in the side edge position of shale test exemplar, namely crackle 31 is opening, opening can be penetrating crack, opening can with longitudinally vertical, also can and longitudinally have a certain degree θ (arbitrarily angled between 0 degree to 180, certainly, also tensile loads direction can be parallel to), the quantity of opening can be one, also can be multiple, Fig. 5-1, Fig. 5-2, Fig. 5-3 give several modes that opening is in edge, and the position of opening is determined according to concrete test objective.It is pointed out that described longitudinal direction is tensile loads direction herein.The quantity of crackle 31 can according to test objective Rational choice, crackle 31 can be arranged by conllinear, also can arrange by non-colinear, can part conllinear, also can part non-colinear, wherein give the embodiment that crackle 31 conllinear is arranged in Fig. 5-3, all right part conllinear of arrangement of the embodiment that crackle 31 non-colinear is arranged and crackle 31, the embodiment that part non-colinear is arranged does not embody in the accompanying drawings.
In the second is specifically tested, crackle 31 only can be arranged in the inside of shale test exemplar 3, and namely precrack 31 can for being arranged in the crackle of shale test exemplar inside; The shape of concrete crackle, number, position are determined according to test objective.
In the third specific experiment, the quantity of crackle 31 is multiple, and part is arranged in the neighboring of shale test exemplar 3, and part is positioned at the inside of shale test exemplar 3, please refer to Fig. 5-4 same, the shape of concrete crackle 31, number, position are determined according to test objective.
In the various embodiments described above, the width of precrack 31 can select about 1mm, spacing between two and two or more crackle 31 needs according to shale fracturing mechanics sample exemplar size and concrete test and determines, but spacing had better not lower than 2mm, otherwise sample preparation difficulty can be increased and Crack Extension district in cutting process between disturbance and crack damage 31, affect the accuracy of observation of On Crack Propagation district mechanical property and fracture characteristic.
Following present in a kind of specific experiment, the prefabricated processing technology of crackle on shale test exemplar 3:
S11, according to concrete measurement condition and research purpose, design the parameters such as the quantity of precrack, geometric position, size, Distribution Characteristics;
S12, in the precrack regional area of design, carry out polishing, and adopt the instruments such as coloured pencil or icking tool to mark the information such as geometric position, size, Distribution Characteristics of precrack at polishing position;
S13, employing digital control wire-electrode cutting technique, and on shale test exemplar 3, cut out crackle in the mode of slow wire feeding.
Prior art just realizes observing the stress at position to concentrate by modes such as heart punchings in the sample and burst region is concentrated, and punching is larger to exemplar disturbance, this scheme is not generally suitable for rock class sample, in drill process, easily cause rock class sample burst to lose efficacy.Precrack in the present invention is formed by wire cutting technology, greatly reduces the generation of rock class sample burst failure phenomenon.
In addition, following technological forming can be adopted for the crackle through hole being positioned at rock class test exemplar inside:
First rock class test exemplar surface working diameter range be the hole of 1-2mm, then adopt wire cutting technology be processed into reservation shape.This technique can reduce precrack greatly to the disturbance of test exemplar inner structure and damage.
Above the test method of rock class micro nanometer mechanics provided by the present invention test and pilot system, test fixture are described in detail.Apply specific case herein to set forth principle of the present invention and embodiment, the explanation of above embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improve and modify and also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a test method for rock class micro nanometer mechanics test, it is characterized in that, this test method is carried out according to the following steps:
Preprocessing test fixture, described test fixture is processed with and coordinates fixing fixed part with the loading end of Mechanical loading experimental facilities, and according to different measurement condition and research purpose prefabricated rock class test exemplar;
Described rock class test exemplar is positioned on described test fixture, and the fixed part of described fixture is fixed on the loading end of experimental facilities;
Apply simulation load in described test fixture, by described test fixture, described simulation load is transmitted to described rock class test exemplar, and obtain rock class test exemplar concrete micro nanometer mechanics test parameter under the effect of loading simulation load.
2. test method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the two ends of described rock class test exemplar to be positioned described in two between first clamp body and the second clamp body by bonding way.
3. test method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, exemplar is prefabricated in the following manner forms for the test of described rock class: adopt digital control wire-electrode cutting technique to become to meet the plate-shaped rock class test exemplar of specimen size by rock class Linear cut, and according to measurement condition and research purpose, precrack on described rock class test exemplar.
4. test method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, before precrack, carries out glossing to described rock class test exemplar precrack regional area; And complete crackle by digital control wire-electrode cutting technique.
5. test method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described crackle is the opening being arranged in described rock class test exemplar side edge, or/and described crackle is the crackle being arranged in described rock class test exemplar inside, be positioned at described rock class test exemplar inside crackle by following technological forming: first rock class test exemplar surface working diameter range be the hole of 1-2mm, then adopt wire cutting technology be processed into reservation shape.
6. for a test fixture for rock class micro nanometer mechanics test, it is characterized in that, described test fixture comprises fixed part and location division, and described fixed part coordinates fixing with the loading end of experimental facilities, location, described location division rock class test exemplar; The simulation load of described experimental facilities is transmitted to described rock class test exemplar by described test fixture.
7. test fixture as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described test fixture comprises the first clamp body and the second clamp body, and the outer end of described first clamp body and described second clamp body is processed with respectively and coordinates fixing described fixed part to the corresponding loading end of described experimental facilities;
The two ends of described rock class test exemplar are located between the described first clamp body inner end relative with the second clamp body.
8. test fixture as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described first clamp body and described second clamp body are slab construction, described slab construction longitudinally comprises first paragraph and second segment, the width of described first paragraph is greater than the width of described second segment, described first paragraph is connected by segmental arc with described second segment, and described segmental arc can coordinate fixing with the draw-in groove of the loading end of described experimental facilities; Described rock class test exemplar is adhered between the second segment of described first clamp body and the second segment of described second clamp body.
9. test fixture as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described first paragraph is also provided with pin hole, and described pin hole and the corresponding pin-and-hole of described loading end coordinate fixing.
10. test fixture as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described first clamp body and described second clamp body are slab construction, and the end of described slab construction is provided with pin hole, and described pin hole and the corresponding pin-and-hole of described loading end coordinate fixing.
The pilot system of 11. 1 kinds of rock class micro nanometer mechanics tests, comprises with lower component:
Experimental facilities, for applying simulation load in rock class test exemplar;
Microscopy apparatus, for obtaining rock class test exemplar concrete micro nanometer mechanics test parameter under the effect of loading simulation load;
It is characterized in that, also comprise the test fixture for being positioned by rock class test exemplar on experimental facilities, described test fixture is the test fixture described in any one of claim 6 to 10.
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| CN106769340A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-05-31 | 河海大学 | The preparation method of rock sample inside precrack |
| CN110108558A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-09 | 苏州昇特智能科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for measuring the device of micro-nano-scale fibrous mechanical property |
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| CN111044359A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-04-21 | 浙江工业大学 | Be used for getting rid of area material cross-section nanometer test fixture that impresses |
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