WO2013004153A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013004153A1
WO2013004153A1 PCT/CN2012/077959 CN2012077959W WO2013004153A1 WO 2013004153 A1 WO2013004153 A1 WO 2013004153A1 CN 2012077959 W CN2012077959 W CN 2012077959W WO 2013004153 A1 WO2013004153 A1 WO 2013004153A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
cooling medium
glass tube
casing
exchanger according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/077959
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周人
黄锐
Original Assignee
上海科洋科技发展有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海科洋科技发展有限公司 filed Critical 上海科洋科技发展有限公司
Publication of WO2013004153A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013004153A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/74Preparation
    • C01B17/76Preparation by contact processes
    • C01B17/80Apparatus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/88Concentration of sulfuric acid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D7/082Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
    • F28D7/085Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/006Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of glass
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2230/00Sealing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to a heat exchanger for chilling a high temperature, highly corrosive medium. Background technique
  • the heat exchanger includes a housing having a heat exchange tube through the cooling medium therein.
  • the longitudinal direction of the casing is parallel to the side wall thereof, and the two ends of the side wall are respectively the top and the bottom of the casing, and the extending direction of the heat exchange tube located inside the heat exchanger and the long axis (side wall) are mutually parallel.
  • the heat exchanger According to the way the heat exchanger is placed, it can be divided into a horizontal heat exchanger and a vertical heat exchanger, wherein the long axis of the horizontal heat exchanger is parallel to the placement surface (ground), and the long axis of the vertical heat exchanger is It is perpendicular to the placement surface.
  • the exchanger usually adopts the following two methods: One is to use a high-grade corrosion-resistant material, for example, a heat exchange tube using a precious metal corrosion-resistant material to make a heat exchanger. The other is to use a corrosion-resistant material on the surface of the heat exchange tube that is in contact with the highly corrosive medium, such as a layer of industrial enamel as a corrosion-resistant layer.
  • both methods have large defects.
  • the use of precious metal alloys is costly and expensive, and the method of corrosion-resistant materials in the inner village is difficult to construct, easy to break, and not resistant to high temperature corrosion.
  • a heat exchanger for making a heat exchange tube of polytetrafluoroethylene is also very popular. Although it can be used for heat exchange of a highly corrosive medium, the heat transfer resistance of the polytetrafluoroethylene heat exchange tube is large, and the heat transfer efficiency is poor. Narrow, especially not suitable for heat exchangers with high heat load. At the same time, since many heat exchange processes of strong corrosive medium must be carried out under high temperature conditions, the Teflon heat exchange tubes are prone to heat aging, and the weak deformation, with the increasing deformation, will seriously affect the cooling medium inside. The fluency of the flow, and the safety of the use of heat exchanger equipment. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects that the heat exchanger in the prior art cannot meet the condensation treatment of the highly corrosive medium under the high temperature condition, has a short service life and is complicated in assembly process, and provides a high temperature.
  • a heat exchanger comprising a casing, a top of the casing is provided with a discharge port of exhaust gas, and a bottom of the casing is provided with a liquid outlet, characterized in that the casing is located inside the casing a plurality of glass tubes for circulating a cooling medium, wherein the glass tubes are spanned between the two side walls of the housing, and the end of the glass tube located upstream of the cooling medium is a head end.
  • One end downstream of the cooling medium is a trailing end, and the adjacent glass tubes are connected end to end between the upstream and downstream of the cooling medium to form at least one single-flowing cooling medium flow path.
  • the single-flow cooling medium channel formed by the glass tube can withstand high temperature and strong corrosion, avoid deformation and corrosion in high temperature and strong corrosive environment, thus ensuring the smoothness of the cooling medium and heat exchange during long-term use. Security in use.
  • the horizontal arrangement of the glass tube between the sidewalls of the heat exchanger along the long axis direction of the heat exchanger can effectively shorten the length of the glass tube, increase the rigidity of the glass tube, and overcome the problem of excessive brittleness, poor thermal shock resistance and easy breakage of the glass tube.
  • the glass tube may be borosilicate glass, quartz glass or the like or other known high temperature corrosion resistant glass in the chemical field, and is not limited herein.
  • the axis extending direction of the cylinder is the long axis direction of the casing, and the surface formed by the cylinder rotating around the axis is the side. wall.
  • leading end and the trailing end of the glass tube may both be located inside the casing, at which time the first and last ends of the glass tube are connected by an adapted glass pipe.
  • shape of the formed cooling medium flow path is not limited, and it may be a "bow” type, a "Z" shape or the like.
  • the cooling medium flow channel is provided with a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet, the cooling medium inlet is close to the top, and the cooling medium outlet is close to the bottom.
  • the cooling medium is air
  • the flow direction design of the upper and lower exits can be further raised.
  • the fluidity of the high cooling medium increases the flow rate of the medium, which in turn increases the efficiency of condensation.
  • the extending direction of the glass tube is perpendicular to the long axis direction (ie, parallel to the short axis of the heat exchanger), and the first and the tail of the glass tube are extended to correspond to The outside of the side wall.
  • the glass tube can be connected outside the housing for easier assembly.
  • the transversely placed glass tube is more evenly loaded, is easy to install, and is not easily broken.
  • the glass tube is equidistantly distributed and divided into a plurality of glass tube units along the long axis direction; the first end of the glass tube in each of the glass tube units is located on the same side, a side of the glass tube on which the head end is located forms a head portion of the glass tube unit, and a side at which the tail end of the glass tube is located forms a tail portion of the glass tube unit adjacent to the upstream and downstream of the cooling medium
  • the first and last misalignment of the glass tube unit are set and communicated through a tube end.
  • the structure can effectively increase the flow area of the cooling medium, increase the input amount of the cooling medium per unit time, and increase the cooling rate.
  • unitizing the glass tube and connecting adjacent units through the tube box can effectively save assembly time and increase the production efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the glass tubes that are uniformly distributed can make the heat exchange of the entire heat exchanger more uniform.
  • the arrangement of the glass tubes in the glass tube unit may be in the form of a matrix or in a divergent form; in addition, the number of the glass tubes in the two sets of glass tube units connected end to end may be equal or unequal, and is not limited herein.
  • the tube box and the corresponding side wall can be connected by fasteners such as bolts which are easy to disassemble. Easy to clean pipes and glass tubes.
  • the adjacent glass tubes are connected by a "U" type pipe.
  • the "U” type pipe can better guide the cooling medium in the glass tube and avoid turbulence at the intersection of the two glass tubes.
  • the "U” type pipe can be made of rubber, metal or glass. In addition to this, those skilled in the art can also use the other pipe connectors in the prior art to connect the glass tubes head-to-tail.
  • the cooling medium inlet and the cooling medium outlet are respectively disposed on two of the pipe boxes.
  • the two ends of the glass tube are respectively disposed in a fastener, and the fastener is disposed on the sidewall.
  • the fastener is in a clearance fit with the sidewall; and the fastener is further provided with a 0-type sealing jaw between the corresponding inner surface and/or the outer surface of the sidewall.
  • the fastener is in a clearance fit with the side wall, that is, the outer diameter of the fastener is slightly larger than the diameter of the corresponding mounting portion on the side wall.
  • the assembly of the glass tube it is advantageous for the assembly of the glass tube, and more importantly, it can offset the shearing force generated on the fastener and the glass tube due to thermal expansion of the inner casing on the casing and the casing, and avoid cracking of the glass tube.
  • a filtering mechanism for trapping and separating liquid particles is further disposed upstream of the discharge port. It is inevitable that there is a liquid particle in the exhaust gas after the condensation treatment, and the liquid particles are prevented from being discharged into the atmosphere by filtration through a filtering mechanism.
  • the filtering mechanism is a fiber filter plate.
  • an anti-corrosion protection layer is further disposed on the inner wall of the casing.
  • the structure can protect the casing from corrosion and improve the service life of the casing.
  • the corrosion protection layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet.
  • the portion of the casing close to the liquid outlet is gradually reduced along the draining direction. It is beneficial to centrally recover the viscous condensation products and avoid the walling phenomenon of condensation products in the casing.
  • the positive progress of the present invention is as follows:
  • the heat exchanger of the present invention replaces the precious metal or polytetrafluoroethylene heat exchange tubes of the prior art by using a glass tube, and forms a single-flow cooling medium flow path, thereby improving the heat exchanger.
  • Service life in high temperature, strong corrosive environment. By arranging a glass tube between the side walls, the length can be effectively shortened and the strength can be increased.
  • the flow of the cooling medium from the top to the bottom of the single-pass flow can prevent the turbulent flow of the cooling medium in the flow path, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the condensed liquid highly corrosive medium when it returns to the bottom of the casing, it encounters a high-temperature gaseous corrosive medium input from the bottom of the casing and a heat-exchanged cooling medium located at the bottom of the casing, which are subjected to them. Under the influence of high temperature, the water in the liquid highly corrosive medium can be further evaporated, thereby increasing the concentration of the condensed product.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heat exchanger in a preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic view showing the connection of the glass tube to the side wall of the casing in the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cooling medium flow passage in the heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing another structure of a cooling medium flow passage in the heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the right side of the heat exchanger in the preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cooling medium flow path in a preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a top plan view of the first layer of glass tube of Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heat exchanger in a preferred embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the right side of the heat exchanger of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing another structure of the glass tube unit in the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG 11 is a right side view of the heat exchanger in the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention. detailed description
  • the heat exchanger in this embodiment is the same as the prior art, and includes a vertically placed rectangular casing 1 having a discharge port 11 for discharging exhaust gas at the top of the casing 1 in the casing.
  • the bottom of 1 has an inlet 12 for inputting acid vapor.
  • the bottom of the casing 1 has a semicircular structure, and the liquid discharge port 13 is located at the bottom of the circular structure.
  • the bottom of the casing 1 may be other structures that are gradually reduced in the direction of liquid discharge, such as an inverted triangle or an inverted trapezoid.
  • the top of the housing 1 is located A fiber filter plate 3 as a filtering mechanism is provided upstream of the discharge port 11 for filtering liquid small particles in the exhaust gas generated after condensation.
  • twelve glass tubes are vertically arranged along the long axis direction (ie, the vertical direction in FIG. 1) between the left and right side walls of the housing 1 (as shown in FIG. 11). Both ends of all the glass tubes extend to the outside of the casing 1.
  • Two glass tubes adjacent between the upstream and downstream of the flow direction of the cold air as the cooling medium, that is, the upper and lower adjacent glass tubes in FIG. 1 are connected in series (end) end (end), thereby A top-down, single-guide flow of the cooling medium flow path is formed.
  • the adjacent two glass tubes are connected by a "U" type rubber hose 23.
  • the cooling medium flow path includes a cooling medium inlet located at an upper portion of the casing 1 and a cooling medium outlet at a lower portion of the casing 1, and cold air enters from the cooling medium inlet, and is discharged along the cooling medium flow path to the cooling medium outlet.
  • the cooling medium inlet is the first end of the glass tube 21, and the cooling medium outlet is the tail end of the glass tube 22.
  • a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet 14 as a corrosion protection layer is further disposed on the inner surface of the side wall of the casing 1 for preventing the shell 1 from directly contacting the strongly corrosive medium, thereby affecting its use. life.
  • the connection relationship between the glass tube and the casing 1 will be further described below by taking the glass tube 21 as an example in conjunction with FIG.
  • the end of the glass tube 21 is passed through a bolt 41, and the bolt 41 is passed through the side wall of the casing 1 and then fixed to the casing 1 with a nut 43.
  • the bolt 41 is in a clearance fit with the sidewall of the casing 1 and the Teflon sheet 14 on the inner surface of the sidewall, thereby leaving a space for the thermal expansion of the Teflon sheet 14 to prevent the bolt 41 from being thermally expanded. Extrusion with the glass tube 21 causes the glass tube 21 to rupture.
  • a sealing jaw 42 is also provided between the bolt 41 and the Teflon sheet 14 to effectively seal the portion where the glass tube 21 is mounted to prevent sulfuric acid vapor from leaking from the fitting portion.
  • the number of glass tubes provided in the housing can be increased or decreased according to actual conditions, for example, the number of glass tubes for small heat exchangers used in the laboratory is small, and the heat exchangers for mass production in large industries are used. The number of glass tubes will be larger.
  • both ends of all the glass tubes may also be located inside the casing 1, and adjacent glass tubes are connected by a vertical glass tube 23 to form a "bow"-shaped structure as shown in FIG. Can also phase The first and last ends of the adjacent glass tubes are directly connected to form a "Z" shape as shown in FIG.
  • the leading end of the uppermost glass tube and the trailing end of the lowermost glass tube are each in communication with an external conduit to form a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet for the cooling medium flow path.
  • this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the heat exchanger is provided with four cooling medium passages side by side from the front to the rear.
  • Each of the dashed lines is a cooling medium channel, and the configuration is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and details are not described herein again.
  • the cooling medium inlets of the four cooling medium passages may be the same or independent of each other, which does not affect the characteristics of the single guide flow of each cooling medium passage.
  • the cooling medium flow path is not limited to being disposed in a vertical plane. It can be extended in multiple horizontal planes while ensuring a single flow of the cooling medium flow path and generally transporting the cooling medium from top to bottom.
  • the structure shown in Fig. 6 in the case of the first glass tube, three glass tubes are arranged side by side at the rear of the glass tube 21, and the adjacent glass tubes are connected end to end to form the structure shown in Fig. 7, and the last layer of the layer
  • the tail end of the root glass tube 21 is connected to the first end of one of the glass tubes in the second layer, and the connection manner of the second glass tube can be referred to the first layer, and so on, until the glass tube 21 and the glass tube 22 are All the glass tubes in the middle are connected.
  • the structure can be applied to a heat exchanger having a large cross-section of the casing while ensuring the visibility of the cooling medium.
  • the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the glass tubes in the embodiment are uniformly distributed and divided into twelve glass tube units along the long axis direction, each group.
  • the glass tube unit contains a plurality of glass tubes distributed along a horizontal plane.
  • the head ends of the glass tubes in the same glass tube unit are located on the same side of the housing 1 to form the head of the glass tube unit, and the tail ends of the glass tubes form the tail of the glass tube unit for the same reason.
  • two sets of glass tube units adjacent between the upstream and the downstream of the cold air that is, the first and the tail portions of the two sets of glass tube units adjacent in the vertical direction are dislocated, and are disposed on the outer wall of the housing 1
  • the pipe box is connected. Cooling medium on the top one of the boxes
  • the inlet 51 is provided with a cooling medium outlet 52 on the lowermost one of the headers, so that the cold air enters from left to right and flows from top to bottom.
  • a plurality of pipe boxes are disposed offsetly above and below the left and right sides of the casing 1.
  • the top portion of the first group of glass tube units 61 is located in the first tube box 53 above the left side, and the tail portion is located in the second tube box 54 above the right side; from the top to the bottom of the second group of glass tube units 62
  • the first portion is located in the second tube box 54, and the tail portion is located in the third tube box 55 below the first tube box 53;
  • the top portion of the third group of glass tube units 63 is located in the third tube box 55, and the tail end is located at the In the fourth tube box 56 below the second tube box 54, and so on, thereby forming a multi-channel, single-flow flow of the cooling medium flow path.
  • the tube box on the same side may be integrally formed, including a body extending from above the first group of glass tube units 61 to the last group of glass tube units, and then formed by the body and side walls by a plurality of air deflectors.
  • the chamber is divided into mutually independent air guiding cavities. Adjacent glass tube units are connected through the air guiding chamber. The specific connection method is as described above.
  • the glass tube unit 61 the arrangement of the glass tubes in the middle may also be in the form of a matrix of three-dimensional space distribution. Therefore, it is possible to increase the air flow area and increase the flow rate and cooling efficiency on the basis of space saving.
  • the length, width and height of the casing 1 are 2 meters, 1.5 meters and 8 meters, respectively.
  • the total number of glass tubes in the twelve glass tube units was 3,250, and each length was 1.6 meters.
  • the structure is passed through 280 ° C, 0.02 MpaG, containing 1.5% H 2 S0 4 , 3.08% SO 3 , 5.43% H 2 0 (the rest is an inert component) of sulfuric acid vapor, the above 100% mole One hundred percent.
  • the sulfuric acid vapor was cooled to 110 ° C, and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid was collected at the bottom of the exchanger.
  • the sulfuric acid vapor sent from the top contained a very small amount of sulfuric acid, and the temperature of the discharged air after heat exchange was 240 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

A heat exchanger comprising a housing (1), an exhaust outlet (11) arranged at the top part of the housing (1), an air inlet (12) and a liquid outlet (13) arranged at the bottom part of the housing (1), and several glass pipe units (21, 22, 61, and 62) arranged within the housing (1) along the direction of a minor axis of the housing (1) and used for circulating a cooling medium, where the heads and tails of the glass pipe units (21, 22, 61, and 62) are extended outside of the housing (1), and where the adjacent glass pipe units (21, 22, 61, and 62) are sequentially connected head-to-tail, thereby forming a cooling medium flow path of unidirectional flow. The heat exchanger is resistant to high temperatures and strong corrosives, thereby preventing deformation and corrosion of apparatus in high temperature and highly corrosive environments, thus ensuring extended period of use for the heat exchanger.

Description

热交换器 技术领域  Heat exchanger
本发明涉及一种热交换器, 特别是涉及一种用于高温、 强腐蚀性介质冷 凝的热交换器。 背景技术  The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to a heat exchanger for chilling a high temperature, highly corrosive medium. Background technique
工业上可处理高温、 强腐蚀性介质的热交换器种类有限, 结构复杂, 操 作不方便, 且运行中多数存在因腐蚀导致的设备缺陷问题。 通常, 热交换器 包括一壳体, 在壳体内设有通冷却介质的换热管。 所述壳体的长轴方向与其 侧壁相平行, 侧壁的两端部分别为壳体的顶部和底部, 位于热交换器内部的 换热管的延伸方向与该长轴 (侧壁)相互平行。 根据热交换器的放置方式可 分为卧式热交换器以及立式热交换器, 其中卧式热交换器的长轴与放置表面 (地面)相平行, 而立式热交换器的长轴则与放置表面向垂直。  Industrial heat exchangers that can handle high temperature, highly corrosive media have a limited variety of structures, are complicated in structure, are inconvenient to operate, and have many equipment defects due to corrosion during operation. Typically, the heat exchanger includes a housing having a heat exchange tube through the cooling medium therein. The longitudinal direction of the casing is parallel to the side wall thereof, and the two ends of the side wall are respectively the top and the bottom of the casing, and the extending direction of the heat exchange tube located inside the heat exchanger and the long axis (side wall) are mutually parallel. According to the way the heat exchanger is placed, it can be divided into a horizontal heat exchanger and a vertical heat exchanger, wherein the long axis of the horizontal heat exchanger is parallel to the placement surface (ground), and the long axis of the vertical heat exchanger is It is perpendicular to the placement surface.
为解决上述问题目前交换器通常采用以下两种方式: 一种是采用高等级 的耐腐蚀材料, 例如采用贵重金属耐腐蚀材料来制作热交换器的换热管。 另 一种是采用在与强腐蚀性介质接触的换热管表面村或者搪一层耐腐蚀性材 料, 例如搪烧一层工业搪瓷作为耐腐蚀层。 但这两种方法均存在较大的缺陷, 使用贵重金属合金成本高, 造价昂贵, 而内村耐腐蚀材料的办法存在施工困 难, 易破裂, 不耐高温腐蚀等问题。  In order to solve the above problems, the exchanger usually adopts the following two methods: One is to use a high-grade corrosion-resistant material, for example, a heat exchange tube using a precious metal corrosion-resistant material to make a heat exchanger. The other is to use a corrosion-resistant material on the surface of the heat exchange tube that is in contact with the highly corrosive medium, such as a layer of industrial enamel as a corrosion-resistant layer. However, both methods have large defects. The use of precious metal alloys is costly and expensive, and the method of corrosion-resistant materials in the inner village is difficult to construct, easy to break, and not resistant to high temperature corrosion.
此外, 将聚四氟乙烯制作换热管的热交换器也十分普遍, 虽然其可用于 强腐蚀性介质换热, 但聚四氟乙烯换热管传热阻力大, 传热效率差, 使用面 狭窄, 特别不适用于高热负荷的热交换器。 同时由于许多强腐蚀介质换热过 程必须在高温条件下进行, 此时聚四氟乙烯换热管易发生热老化, 而微弱变 形, 随着变形的日益增加, 会严重会影响冷却介质在其内部流动的流畅性, 和热交换器设备的使用安全性。 发明内容 In addition, a heat exchanger for making a heat exchange tube of polytetrafluoroethylene is also very popular. Although it can be used for heat exchange of a highly corrosive medium, the heat transfer resistance of the polytetrafluoroethylene heat exchange tube is large, and the heat transfer efficiency is poor. Narrow, especially not suitable for heat exchangers with high heat load. At the same time, since many heat exchange processes of strong corrosive medium must be carried out under high temperature conditions, the Teflon heat exchange tubes are prone to heat aging, and the weak deformation, with the increasing deformation, will seriously affect the cooling medium inside. The fluency of the flow, and the safety of the use of heat exchanger equipment. Summary of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中的热交换器无法满足高 温条件下对强腐蚀性介质进行冷凝处理, 使用寿命较短, 组装过程较为复杂 的缺陷, 提供一种能够在高温条件下对强腐蚀性介质进行冷凝处理, 使用寿 命较高, 且冷凝效果更佳(冷凝产物浓度更高) 的热交换器。  The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects that the heat exchanger in the prior art cannot meet the condensation treatment of the highly corrosive medium under the high temperature condition, has a short service life and is complicated in assembly process, and provides a high temperature. A heat exchanger that condenses highly corrosive media under conditions, with a higher service life and better condensation (higher condensation product concentration).
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题的:  The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical solutions:
一种热交换器, 其包括一壳体, 所述壳体的顶部设有一尾气的排放口, 所述壳体的底部设有一出液口, 其特点在于, 在所述壳体内沿所述壳体的长 轴方向设有用于流通冷却介质的若干玻璃管, 所述玻璃管均跨设于所述壳体 的两侧壁之间, 所述玻璃管位于该冷却介质上游的一端为首端, 位于该冷却 介质下游的一端为尾端, 在该冷却介质的上游和下游之间相邻的所述玻璃管 首尾相连通从而形成至少一条单向导流的冷却介质流道。 由玻璃管形成的单 向导流的冷却介质通道能够耐受高温和强腐蚀, 避免在高温和强腐蚀性环境 中发生变形和腐蚀现象, 从而确保长时间使用中冷却介质的流畅性, 以及热 交换器使用中的安全性。 另外, 沿热交换器长轴方向在热交换器侧壁间横向 设置玻璃管能有效缩短玻璃管的长度, 提高玻璃管的刚性, 克服玻璃管过脆、 耐热沖击性差、 易破裂的问题。 上述玻璃管可以采用硼硅酸盐玻璃、 石英玻 璃等或者化学领域中其他公知的能耐高温防腐蚀的玻璃, 在此不做限制。  A heat exchanger comprising a casing, a top of the casing is provided with a discharge port of exhaust gas, and a bottom of the casing is provided with a liquid outlet, characterized in that the casing is located inside the casing a plurality of glass tubes for circulating a cooling medium, wherein the glass tubes are spanned between the two side walls of the housing, and the end of the glass tube located upstream of the cooling medium is a head end. One end downstream of the cooling medium is a trailing end, and the adjacent glass tubes are connected end to end between the upstream and downstream of the cooling medium to form at least one single-flowing cooling medium flow path. The single-flow cooling medium channel formed by the glass tube can withstand high temperature and strong corrosion, avoid deformation and corrosion in high temperature and strong corrosive environment, thus ensuring the smoothness of the cooling medium and heat exchange during long-term use. Security in use. In addition, the horizontal arrangement of the glass tube between the sidewalls of the heat exchanger along the long axis direction of the heat exchanger can effectively shorten the length of the glass tube, increase the rigidity of the glass tube, and overcome the problem of excessive brittleness, poor thermal shock resistance and easy breakage of the glass tube. . The glass tube may be borosilicate glass, quartz glass or the like or other known high temperature corrosion resistant glass in the chemical field, and is not limited herein.
需要说明的是, 当上述壳体为一圓柱体时, 该圓柱体的轴线延伸方向即 为所述壳体的长轴方向, 而圓柱体绕该轴线回旋所形成的表面则为所述的侧 壁。  It should be noted that when the casing is a cylinder, the axis extending direction of the cylinder is the long axis direction of the casing, and the surface formed by the cylinder rotating around the axis is the side. wall.
另外, 所述玻璃管的首端和尾端可均位于所述壳体内部, 此时所述玻璃 管的首、 尾通过适配的玻璃管道连接。 在此对所形成的冷却介质流道的形状 不做限制, 其可以为 "弓" 字型、 "Z" 字型或者其他形状。  In addition, the leading end and the trailing end of the glass tube may both be located inside the casing, at which time the first and last ends of the glass tube are connected by an adapted glass pipe. Here, the shape of the formed cooling medium flow path is not limited, and it may be a "bow" type, a "Z" shape or the like.
其中, 所述冷却介质流道设有一冷却介质进口和一冷却介质出口, 所述 冷却介质进口靠近所述顶部, 所述冷却介质出口靠近所述底部。 尤其当冷却 介质为空气时, 为配合冷空气下降的特性, 上进下出的流向设计能进一步提 高冷却介质的流动性, 提高介质流速, 继而提高冷凝效率。 Wherein, the cooling medium flow channel is provided with a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet, the cooling medium inlet is close to the top, and the cooling medium outlet is close to the bottom. Especially when the cooling medium is air, in order to match the characteristics of the cold air drop, the flow direction design of the upper and lower exits can be further raised. The fluidity of the high cooling medium increases the flow rate of the medium, which in turn increases the efficiency of condensation.
为使玻璃管的长度设置最短, 所述玻璃管的延伸方向与所述长轴方向垂 直(即与热交换器的短轴平行) , 并且所述玻璃管的首、 尾均延伸至所对应 的侧壁的外部。 此时可在壳体外部对玻璃管进行连接, 装配更为方便。  In order to set the length of the glass tube to a minimum, the extending direction of the glass tube is perpendicular to the long axis direction (ie, parallel to the short axis of the heat exchanger), and the first and the tail of the glass tube are extended to correspond to The outside of the side wall. At this point, the glass tube can be connected outside the housing for easier assembly.
尤其当所述热交换器为立式热交换器时,横置的玻璃管的受力更为均匀, 安装方便, 不易破裂。  Especially when the heat exchanger is a vertical heat exchanger, the transversely placed glass tube is more evenly loaded, is easy to install, and is not easily broken.
较佳地, 所述玻璃管为等距离均勾分布并沿所述长轴方向被分成若干玻 璃管单元; 每个所述玻璃管单元中的所述玻璃管的首端位于同侧, 所述玻璃 管的首端所在的一侧形成所述玻璃管单元的首部, 所述玻璃管的尾端所在的 一侧形成所述玻璃管单元的尾部, 在该冷却介质上游和下游之间相邻的所述 玻璃管单元的首尾错位设置并通过一管箱首尾连通。 该结构能有效增加冷却 介质的流动面积, 增大单位时间里冷却介质的输入量, 提高冷却速度。 此外, 将玻璃管单元化并将相邻的单元通过管箱连接能有效节省装配时间, 提高热 交换器的生产效率。 再者, 均勾分布的玻璃管能使得整台热交换器的换热更 为均匀。  Preferably, the glass tube is equidistantly distributed and divided into a plurality of glass tube units along the long axis direction; the first end of the glass tube in each of the glass tube units is located on the same side, a side of the glass tube on which the head end is located forms a head portion of the glass tube unit, and a side at which the tail end of the glass tube is located forms a tail portion of the glass tube unit adjacent to the upstream and downstream of the cooling medium The first and last misalignment of the glass tube unit are set and communicated through a tube end. The structure can effectively increase the flow area of the cooling medium, increase the input amount of the cooling medium per unit time, and increase the cooling rate. In addition, unitizing the glass tube and connecting adjacent units through the tube box can effectively save assembly time and increase the production efficiency of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the glass tubes that are uniformly distributed can make the heat exchange of the entire heat exchanger more uniform.
当然, 所述玻璃管单元中的玻璃管的排列方式可以为矩阵形式或者为发 散形式;此外首尾相连的两组玻璃管单元中的玻璃管数量可以相等或不相等, 在此不做限制。  Of course, the arrangement of the glass tubes in the glass tube unit may be in the form of a matrix or in a divergent form; in addition, the number of the glass tubes in the two sets of glass tube units connected end to end may be equal or unequal, and is not limited herein.
而所述管箱与相应的侧壁之间可通过螺栓等便于拆卸的紧固件进行连 接。 便于对管道和玻璃管进行清洗。  The tube box and the corresponding side wall can be connected by fasteners such as bolts which are easy to disassemble. Easy to clean pipes and glass tubes.
其中, 相邻的所述玻璃管之间通过 "U" 型管道连通。 "U" 型管道能对 玻璃管内的冷却介质起到更好的导向作用, 避免在两根玻璃管的交汇处形成 湍流。 该 "U" 型管道的材质可以为橡胶、 金属或者玻璃。 除此之外, 本领域 技术人员也可采用现有技术中其他的管连接件将玻璃管首尾连通。  Wherein the adjacent glass tubes are connected by a "U" type pipe. The "U" type pipe can better guide the cooling medium in the glass tube and avoid turbulence at the intersection of the two glass tubes. The "U" type pipe can be made of rubber, metal or glass. In addition to this, those skilled in the art can also use the other pipe connectors in the prior art to connect the glass tubes head-to-tail.
其中, 所述冷却介质进口和冷却介质出口分别设于两个所述管箱上。 其中, 所述玻璃管的两端分别穿设于一紧固件中, 所述紧固件穿设于所 述侧壁上。 其中, 所述紧固件与所述侧壁为间隙配合; 所述紧固件与所述侧壁上对 应的内表面和 /或外表面之间还设有一 0型密封圏。紧固件与侧壁为间隙配合, 也就是说该紧固件的外径略大于侧壁上对应的安装部位的孔径。 一方面有利 于玻璃管的装配, 更重要的是可以抵消壳体以及壳体上的内村物由于热膨胀 而对紧固件和玻璃管产生的剪切力, 避免玻璃管发生破裂。 Wherein, the cooling medium inlet and the cooling medium outlet are respectively disposed on two of the pipe boxes. The two ends of the glass tube are respectively disposed in a fastener, and the fastener is disposed on the sidewall. Wherein, the fastener is in a clearance fit with the sidewall; and the fastener is further provided with a 0-type sealing jaw between the corresponding inner surface and/or the outer surface of the sidewall. The fastener is in a clearance fit with the side wall, that is, the outer diameter of the fastener is slightly larger than the diameter of the corresponding mounting portion on the side wall. On the one hand, it is advantageous for the assembly of the glass tube, and more importantly, it can offset the shearing force generated on the fastener and the glass tube due to thermal expansion of the inner casing on the casing and the casing, and avoid cracking of the glass tube.
其中,在所述排放口的上游还设有一用于捕集分离液体颗粒的过滤机构。 冷凝处理后的废气中难免存在离液体颗粒, 通过过滤机构过滤防止这些离液 体颗粒被排放到大气中。  Wherein, a filtering mechanism for trapping and separating liquid particles is further disposed upstream of the discharge port. It is inevitable that there is a liquid particle in the exhaust gas after the condensation treatment, and the liquid particles are prevented from being discharged into the atmosphere by filtration through a filtering mechanism.
较佳地, 所述过滤机构为纤维滤板。  Preferably, the filtering mechanism is a fiber filter plate.
其中, 在所述壳体的内壁上还设有一防腐蚀保护层。 该结构能对壳体起 到防腐蚀的保护作用, 提高壳体的使用寿命。  Wherein, an anti-corrosion protection layer is further disposed on the inner wall of the casing. The structure can protect the casing from corrosion and improve the service life of the casing.
较佳地, 在所述防腐蚀保护层为聚四氟乙烯板材。  Preferably, the corrosion protection layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet.
其中, 所述壳体靠近所述出液口的部位沿着排液方向逐渐缩小。 有利于 集中回收具有黏性的冷凝产物, 避免冷凝产物在壳体内发生挂壁现象。  Wherein, the portion of the casing close to the liquid outlet is gradually reduced along the draining direction. It is beneficial to centrally recover the viscous condensation products and avoid the walling phenomenon of condensation products in the casing.
本发明中, 上述优选条件在符合本领域常识的基础上可任意组合, 即得 本发明各较佳实施例。  In the present invention, the above preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined on the basis of common knowledge in the art, that is, the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
本发明的积极进步效果在于: 本发明的热交换器利用玻璃管替代现有技 术中的贵金属或聚四氟乙烯换热管, 并形成一单向导流的冷却介质流道, 提 高了热交换器在高温、 强腐蚀环境下的使用寿命。 在侧壁之间跨设玻璃管能 有效缩短其长度, 提高其强度。  The positive progress of the present invention is as follows: The heat exchanger of the present invention replaces the precious metal or polytetrafluoroethylene heat exchange tubes of the prior art by using a glass tube, and forms a single-flow cooling medium flow path, thereby improving the heat exchanger. Service life in high temperature, strong corrosive environment. By arranging a glass tube between the side walls, the length can be effectively shortened and the strength can be increased.
进一步地, 自上而下的单向导流的冷却介质流向能避免冷却介质在流道 内发生湍流, 继而提高热交换器的换热效率。  Further, the flow of the cooling medium from the top to the bottom of the single-pass flow can prevent the turbulent flow of the cooling medium in the flow path, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
更进一步地, 当冷凝后的液态强腐蚀性介质回到壳体底部时会遇上自壳 体底部输入的高温气态强腐蚀性介质以及位于壳体底部的换热后的冷却介 质, 受到它们的高温影响, 液态强腐蚀性介质中的水分得以被进一步的蒸发, 从而提高冷凝产物的浓度。  Further, when the condensed liquid highly corrosive medium returns to the bottom of the casing, it encounters a high-temperature gaseous corrosive medium input from the bottom of the casing and a heat-exchanged cooling medium located at the bottom of the casing, which are subjected to them. Under the influence of high temperature, the water in the liquid highly corrosive medium can be further evaporated, thereby increasing the concentration of the condensed product.
此外, 由于换热效率提高、 冷却充分, 使得冷却介质排出的温度相较现 有技术提高,通过与现有的热能回收装置连接则可对这股热能进行二次利用, 更为环保节能。 附图说明 In addition, since the heat exchange efficiency is improved and the cooling is sufficient, the temperature at which the cooling medium is discharged is relatively high. With technical improvement, this thermal energy can be reused by connecting with the existing heat recovery device, which is more environmentally friendly and energy-saving. DRAWINGS
图 1为本发明的较佳实施例 1中的热交换器的结构示意图。  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heat exchanger in a preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图 2为本发明的较佳实施例 1中玻璃管与壳体侧壁连接的结构示意图。 图 3为本发明的热交换器中的冷却介质流道的一种结构示意图。  Fig. 2 is a structural schematic view showing the connection of the glass tube to the side wall of the casing in the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cooling medium flow passage in the heat exchanger of the present invention.
图 4为本发明的热交换器中的冷却介质流道的另一种结构示意图。  Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing another structure of a cooling medium flow passage in the heat exchanger of the present invention.
图 5为本发明的较佳实施例 2中的热交换器的右侧结构示意图。  Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the right side of the heat exchanger in the preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention.
图 6为本发明的较佳实施例 3中的冷却介质流道的结构示意图。  Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cooling medium flow path in a preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention.
图 7为图 6中的第一层玻璃管的俯视图。  Figure 7 is a top plan view of the first layer of glass tube of Figure 6.
图 8为本发明的较佳实施例 4中的热交换器的结构示意图。  Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heat exchanger in a preferred embodiment 4 of the present invention.
图 9为图 8中的热交换器的右侧结构示意图。  Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the right side of the heat exchanger of Figure 8.
图 10为实施例 4中玻璃管单元的另一结构示意图。  Figure 10 is a schematic view showing another structure of the glass tube unit in the fourth embodiment.
图 11为本发明的较佳实施例 1中的热交换器的右视图。 具体实施方式  Figure 11 is a right side view of the heat exchanger in the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention. detailed description
下面结合附图给出本发明较佳实施例, 以详细说明本发明的技术方案。 为叙述方便, 以下实施例均采用立式热交换器进行说明, 下文中所称 "左" 、 "右" 与图 1本身的左、 右方向一致; 但这不能成为对本发明的限制。 附图 中的圓圏和叉分别表示流向相反的两根玻璃管。  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. For convenience of description, the following embodiments are all described using a vertical heat exchanger, and hereinafter referred to as "left" and "right" are identical to the left and right directions of Fig. 1 itself; however, this is not a limitation of the present invention. The round cymbals and forks in the drawing represent two glass tubes that flow in opposite directions, respectively.
实施例 1  Example 1
如图 1所示, 与现有技术相同的本实施例中的热交换器包括一竖直放置 的长方形的壳体 1 , 该壳体 1的顶部具有一排放废气的排放口 11 , 在壳体 1 的底部具有一个输入 酸蒸汽的进气口 12。在进气口 12的下方还具有一个排 液口 13, 用于排出冷凝后的浓 酸。 其中, 该壳体 1的底部成半圓形结构, 排液口 13位于圓形结构的最下方。 当然, 壳体 1底部可以为其他沿液体排出 方向逐渐缩小的结构, 例如倒三角形或者倒梯形。 另外, 壳体 1 的顶部位于 排放口 11的上游设有一作为过滤机构的纤维滤板 3, 用于过滤冷凝后产生的 尾气中的液态小颗粒。 As shown in FIG. 1, the heat exchanger in this embodiment is the same as the prior art, and includes a vertically placed rectangular casing 1 having a discharge port 11 for discharging exhaust gas at the top of the casing 1 in the casing. The bottom of 1 has an inlet 12 for inputting acid vapor. There is also a drain port 13 below the air inlet 12 for discharging the concentrated acid after condensation. Wherein, the bottom of the casing 1 has a semicircular structure, and the liquid discharge port 13 is located at the bottom of the circular structure. Of course, the bottom of the casing 1 may be other structures that are gradually reduced in the direction of liquid discharge, such as an inverted triangle or an inverted trapezoid. In addition, the top of the housing 1 is located A fiber filter plate 3 as a filtering mechanism is provided upstream of the discharge port 11 for filtering liquid small particles in the exhaust gas generated after condensation.
与现有技术不同的是, 在壳体 1左、右两侧壁之间沿着长轴方向(即图 1 中竖直方向)垂直设有十二根玻璃管(如图 11所示) , 所有玻璃管的两端均 延伸至壳体 1 的外部。 在作为冷却介质的冷空气的流动方向的上游和下游之 间相邻的两根玻璃管, 即图 1中上、下相邻的两根玻璃管依次首(端)尾(端) 相连, 从而形成一自上而下、 单向导流的冷却介质流道。 本实施例中, 相邻 的两根玻璃管的通过一 "U" 型橡皮软管 23连通。  Different from the prior art, twelve glass tubes are vertically arranged along the long axis direction (ie, the vertical direction in FIG. 1) between the left and right side walls of the housing 1 (as shown in FIG. 11). Both ends of all the glass tubes extend to the outside of the casing 1. Two glass tubes adjacent between the upstream and downstream of the flow direction of the cold air as the cooling medium, that is, the upper and lower adjacent glass tubes in FIG. 1 are connected in series (end) end (end), thereby A top-down, single-guide flow of the cooling medium flow path is formed. In this embodiment, the adjacent two glass tubes are connected by a "U" type rubber hose 23.
该冷却介质流道包括一位于壳体 1 上部的冷却介质进口和一位于壳体 1 下部的冷却介质出口, 冷空气从冷却介质进口进入, 沿着冷却介质流道流动 至冷却介质出口被排出。 本实施例中, 该冷却介质进口为玻璃管 21的首端, 冷却介质出口为玻璃管 22的尾端。  The cooling medium flow path includes a cooling medium inlet located at an upper portion of the casing 1 and a cooling medium outlet at a lower portion of the casing 1, and cold air enters from the cooling medium inlet, and is discharged along the cooling medium flow path to the cooling medium outlet. In this embodiment, the cooling medium inlet is the first end of the glass tube 21, and the cooling medium outlet is the tail end of the glass tube 22.
此外, 如图 2所示, 在壳体 1的侧壁内表面上还设有作为防腐保护层的 聚四氟乙烯板材 14, 用于防止壳体 1与强腐蚀性介质直接接触, 影响其使用 寿命。  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet 14 as a corrosion protection layer is further disposed on the inner surface of the side wall of the casing 1 for preventing the shell 1 from directly contacting the strongly corrosive medium, thereby affecting its use. life.
下面结合图 2以玻璃管 21为例进一步说明玻璃管与壳体 1的连接关系。 玻璃管 21端部穿设于一螺栓 41中, 而螺栓 41穿设于壳体 1的侧壁上随 后用螺母 43将其固定在壳体 1上。 其中, 螺栓 41与壳体 1的侧壁以及侧壁 内表面的聚四氟乙烯板材 14为间隙配合, 从而为聚四氟乙烯板材 14留下受 热膨胀的空间, 避免其受热膨胀后对螺栓 41和玻璃管 21产生挤压导致玻璃 管 21破裂。 在螺栓 41与聚四氟乙烯板材 14之间还设有一密封圏 42从而将 安装玻璃管 21的部位有效密封, 防止硫酸蒸汽从装配部位泄漏。  The connection relationship between the glass tube and the casing 1 will be further described below by taking the glass tube 21 as an example in conjunction with FIG. The end of the glass tube 21 is passed through a bolt 41, and the bolt 41 is passed through the side wall of the casing 1 and then fixed to the casing 1 with a nut 43. Wherein, the bolt 41 is in a clearance fit with the sidewall of the casing 1 and the Teflon sheet 14 on the inner surface of the sidewall, thereby leaving a space for the thermal expansion of the Teflon sheet 14 to prevent the bolt 41 from being thermally expanded. Extrusion with the glass tube 21 causes the glass tube 21 to rupture. A sealing jaw 42 is also provided between the bolt 41 and the Teflon sheet 14 to effectively seal the portion where the glass tube 21 is mounted to prevent sulfuric acid vapor from leaking from the fitting portion.
需要说明的是, 壳体中设置的玻璃管数量可根据实际情况进行增减, 例 如用于实验室使用的小型热交换器的玻璃管数量较少, 而用于大型产业批量 生产的热交换器的玻璃管数量则会较多。  It should be noted that the number of glass tubes provided in the housing can be increased or decreased according to actual conditions, for example, the number of glass tubes for small heat exchangers used in the laboratory is small, and the heat exchangers for mass production in large industries are used. The number of glass tubes will be larger.
当然, 所有玻璃管的两端也可以位于壳体 1 的内部, 相邻的玻璃管通过 垂设的玻璃管道 23, 连接, 从而形成图 3所示的 "弓" 字型结构。 也可将相 邻的玻璃管的首尾端直接相连, 从而形成图 4所示的 "Z" 字型。 在这两种结 构下, 位于最上端的玻璃管的首端以及位于最下端的玻璃管的尾端分别与一 外接的管道连通,从而形成该冷却介质流道的冷却介质进口和冷却介质出口。 Of course, both ends of all the glass tubes may also be located inside the casing 1, and adjacent glass tubes are connected by a vertical glass tube 23 to form a "bow"-shaped structure as shown in FIG. Can also phase The first and last ends of the adjacent glass tubes are directly connected to form a "Z" shape as shown in FIG. In both configurations, the leading end of the uppermost glass tube and the trailing end of the lowermost glass tube are each in communication with an external conduit to form a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet for the cooling medium flow path.
实施例 2  Example 2
如图 5所示, 本实施例与实施例 1的不同之处在于, 该热交换器自前向 后并排设有四条冷却介质通道。 其中, 每个虚线框中为一条冷却介质通道, 其构成与实施例 1中的相同, 在此不再赘述。  As shown in Fig. 5, this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the heat exchanger is provided with four cooling medium passages side by side from the front to the rear. Each of the dashed lines is a cooling medium channel, and the configuration is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and details are not described herein again.
所述四条冷却介质通道的冷却介质进口可以同一个, 也可以相互独立, 这并不会影响每条冷却介质通道单向导流的特点。  The cooling medium inlets of the four cooling medium passages may be the same or independent of each other, which does not affect the characteristics of the single guide flow of each cooling medium passage.
实施例 3  Example 3
所述的冷却介质流道并非仅限于在竖直平面中设置。 其可在确保冷却介 质流道单向导流且总体上自上而下输送冷却介质同时, 在多个水平面内进行 延伸。  The cooling medium flow path is not limited to being disposed in a vertical plane. It can be extended in multiple horizontal planes while ensuring a single flow of the cooling medium flow path and generally transporting the cooling medium from top to bottom.
如图 6所示, 以第一层玻璃管来说, 在玻璃管 21的后方并排、 首尾错位 设置三根玻璃管, 相邻的玻璃管首尾连接后形成图 7所示结构, 而该层最后 一根玻璃管 21, 的尾端则与第二层中的一根玻璃管的首端连接, 第二层玻璃 管的连接方式可参照第一层, 依次类推, 直至将玻璃管 21和玻璃管 22中的 所有玻璃管全部连通。 该结构能在确保留冷却介质导向性的前提下适用于壳 体横截面较大的热交换器。  As shown in Fig. 6, in the case of the first glass tube, three glass tubes are arranged side by side at the rear of the glass tube 21, and the adjacent glass tubes are connected end to end to form the structure shown in Fig. 7, and the last layer of the layer The tail end of the root glass tube 21 is connected to the first end of one of the glass tubes in the second layer, and the connection manner of the second glass tube can be referred to the first layer, and so on, until the glass tube 21 and the glass tube 22 are All the glass tubes in the middle are connected. The structure can be applied to a heat exchanger having a large cross-section of the casing while ensuring the visibility of the cooling medium.
实施例 4  Example 4
如图 8和图 9所示, 本实施例与实施例 1的不同之处在于, 本实施例中 的玻璃管为均勾分布并沿长轴方向被划分成十二个玻璃管单元, 每组玻璃管 单元中均包含多根沿水平面分布的玻璃管。 同一玻璃管单元中的玻璃管的首 端位于壳体 1 的同侧从而形成了该玻璃管单元的首部, 同理由这些玻璃管的 尾端形成该玻璃管单元的尾部。 并且, 在冷空气的上游和下游之间相邻的两 组玻璃管单元, 即沿竖直方向相邻的两组玻璃管单元的首部和尾部错位设置, 并通过设于壳体 1外壁上的管箱连通。 在最上方的一个管箱上设有冷却介质 进口 51 , 在位于最下方的一个管箱上设有冷却介质出口 52, 因此冷空气自左 向右进入、 自上而下流动。 As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the glass tubes in the embodiment are uniformly distributed and divided into twelve glass tube units along the long axis direction, each group. The glass tube unit contains a plurality of glass tubes distributed along a horizontal plane. The head ends of the glass tubes in the same glass tube unit are located on the same side of the housing 1 to form the head of the glass tube unit, and the tail ends of the glass tubes form the tail of the glass tube unit for the same reason. And, two sets of glass tube units adjacent between the upstream and the downstream of the cold air, that is, the first and the tail portions of the two sets of glass tube units adjacent in the vertical direction are dislocated, and are disposed on the outer wall of the housing 1 The pipe box is connected. Cooling medium on the top one of the boxes The inlet 51 is provided with a cooling medium outlet 52 on the lowermost one of the headers, so that the cold air enters from left to right and flows from top to bottom.
具体地, 在壳体 1 的左、 右两侧上、 下错位地设置若干管箱。 自上而下 第一组玻璃管单元 61的首部位于左侧上方的第一管箱 53内, 尾部位于右侧 上方的第二管箱 54内; 自上而下第二组玻璃管单元 62的首部位于第二管箱 54内, 尾部位于第一管箱 53下方的第三管箱 55内; 自上而下第三组玻璃管 单元 63的首部位于第三管箱 55内,尾端位于第二管箱 54下方的第四管箱 56 内, 依次类推, 从而形成多通道、 单向导流的冷却介质流道。  Specifically, a plurality of pipe boxes are disposed offsetly above and below the left and right sides of the casing 1. The top portion of the first group of glass tube units 61 is located in the first tube box 53 above the left side, and the tail portion is located in the second tube box 54 above the right side; from the top to the bottom of the second group of glass tube units 62 The first portion is located in the second tube box 54, and the tail portion is located in the third tube box 55 below the first tube box 53; the top portion of the third group of glass tube units 63 is located in the third tube box 55, and the tail end is located at the In the fourth tube box 56 below the second tube box 54, and so on, thereby forming a multi-channel, single-flow flow of the cooling medium flow path.
所有的管箱均通过螺栓与壳体连接。 另外, 位于同侧的管箱可为一体成 型, 包括一从第一组玻璃管单元 61上方延伸到最后一组玻璃管单元的本体, 然后由若干的导风板将由该本体和侧壁形成的腔室分割成相互独立的导风 腔。 相邻的玻璃管单元通过导风腔联通, 具体连接方式见上述。  All the boxes are connected to the housing by bolts. In addition, the tube box on the same side may be integrally formed, including a body extending from above the first group of glass tube units 61 to the last group of glass tube units, and then formed by the body and side walls by a plurality of air deflectors. The chamber is divided into mutually independent air guiding cavities. Adjacent glass tube units are connected through the air guiding chamber. The specific connection method is as described above.
另外, 如图 10所示, 玻璃管单元 61, 中玻璃管的排布也可为三维空间分 布的矩阵形式。 从而能在节省空间的基础上起到增加空气流动面积, 提高流 量和冷却效率的目的。  Further, as shown in Fig. 10, the glass tube unit 61, the arrangement of the glass tubes in the middle may also be in the form of a matrix of three-dimensional space distribution. Therefore, it is possible to increase the air flow area and increase the flow rate and cooling efficiency on the basis of space saving.
本实施例中, 该壳体 1的长宽高依次为 2米, 1.5米和 8米。 十二组玻璃 管单元中的玻璃管总数为 3250根, 且每根的长度为 1.6米。 在此是结构下通 入 280°C、 0.02MpaG, 含有 1.5%H2S04, 3.08%SO3, 5.43%H20 (其余部分为 惰性组分) 的硫酸蒸汽, 上述百分百为摩尔百分百。 经过热交换后硫酸蒸汽 冷却至 110°C , 交换器底部收集到 98%浓度的浓硫酸, 顶部送出的硫酸蒸汽 包含极少数的硫酸, 且经过换热后的排出的空气温度为 240°C。 In this embodiment, the length, width and height of the casing 1 are 2 meters, 1.5 meters and 8 meters, respectively. The total number of glass tubes in the twelve glass tube units was 3,250, and each length was 1.6 meters. Here, the structure is passed through 280 ° C, 0.02 MpaG, containing 1.5% H 2 S0 4 , 3.08% SO 3 , 5.43% H 2 0 (the rest is an inert component) of sulfuric acid vapor, the above 100% mole One hundred percent. After the heat exchange, the sulfuric acid vapor was cooled to 110 ° C, and 98% concentrated sulfuric acid was collected at the bottom of the exchanger. The sulfuric acid vapor sent from the top contained a very small amount of sulfuric acid, and the temperature of the discharged air after heat exchange was 240 ° C.
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式, 但是本领域的技术人员应当理 解, 这些仅是举例说明, 本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。 本 领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下, 可以对这些实施方 式做出多种变更或修改, 但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。  While the invention has been described with respect to the embodiments of the present invention, it is understood that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. A person skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 Claim
1、 一种热交换器, 其包括一壳体, 所述壳体的顶部设有一尾气的排放 口, 所述壳体的底部设有一出液口, 其特征在于, 在所述壳体内沿所述壳体 的长轴方向、 在两侧壁之间跨设有若干用于流通冷却介质的玻璃管, 所述玻 璃管位于该冷却介质上游的一端为首端, 位于该冷却介质下游的一端为尾 端, 在该冷却介质的上游和下游之间相邻的所述玻璃管首尾相连通从而形成 至少一条单向导流的冷却介质流道。 What is claimed is: 1. A heat exchanger comprising a casing, a top of the casing is provided with a discharge port for exhaust gas, and a bottom of the casing is provided with a liquid outlet, wherein the casing is inside the casing In the longitudinal direction of the casing, a plurality of glass tubes for circulating a cooling medium are disposed between the two side walls, and one end of the glass tube located upstream of the cooling medium is a head end, and one end downstream of the cooling medium is a tail end The glass tubes adjacent between the upstream and downstream of the cooling medium are in communication with each other to form at least one single-flow cooling medium flow path.
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 所述冷却介质流道设 有一冷却介质进口和一冷却介质出口, 所述冷却介质进口靠近所述顶部, 所 述冷却介质出口靠近所述底部。  2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the cooling medium flow path is provided with a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet, the cooling medium inlet is adjacent to the top, and the cooling medium outlet is adjacent to The bottom.
3、 如权利要求 2所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 所述玻璃管的延伸方 向与所述长轴方向垂直, 并且所述玻璃管的首、 尾均延伸至所对应的侧壁的 外部。  The heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein the glass tube extends in a direction perpendicular to the long axis direction, and the first and the tail of the glass tube extend to the corresponding side walls. external.
4、 如权利要求 3 所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 所述玻璃管为均匀分 布并沿所述长轴方向被分成若干玻璃管单元; 每个所述玻璃管单元中的所述 玻璃管的首端位于同侧, 并形成所述玻璃管单元的首部, 所述玻璃管的尾端 所在的一侧形成所述玻璃管单元的尾部, 在该冷却介质上游和下游之间相邻 的所述玻璃管单元的首尾错位设置并通过一管箱首尾连通。  4. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the glass tube is uniformly distributed and divided into a plurality of glass tube units along the long axis direction; the glass in each of the glass tube units a head end of the tube is located on the same side and forms a head portion of the glass tube unit, and a side of the glass tube having a tail end forms a tail portion of the glass tube unit adjacent to the upstream and downstream of the cooling medium The first and last misalignment of the glass tube unit are set and communicated through a tube end.
5、 如权利要求 3 所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 相邻的所述玻璃管之 间通过 "U" 型管道连通。  5. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein adjacent glass tubes are connected by a "U" type pipe.
6、 如权利要求 1-5中任一项所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 所述玻璃管 的两端分别穿设于一紧固件中, 所述紧固件穿设于所述侧壁上。  The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein two ends of the glass tube are respectively disposed in a fastener, and the fastener is disposed in the fastener On the side wall.
7、 如权利要求 6所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 所述紧固件与所述侧 壁为间隙配合;所述紧固件与所述侧壁上对应的内表面和 /或外表面之间还设 有一 0型密封圏。  7. The heat exchanger according to claim 6, wherein the fastener is in clearance fit with the side wall; the fastener and the corresponding inner surface and/or outer side of the side wall There is also a 0-type sealing jaw between the surfaces.
8、 如权利要求 1-5中任一项所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 在所述排放 口的上游还设有一用于捕集分离液体颗粒的过滤机构。 The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein A filter mechanism for trapping separated liquid particles is also provided upstream of the mouth.
9、 如权利要求 8所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 所述过滤机构为纤维 滤板。  9. The heat exchanger according to claim 8, wherein the filter mechanism is a fiber filter plate.
10、 如权利要求 1-5中任一项所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 在所述壳 体的内壁上还设有一防腐蚀保护层。  The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an anticorrosive protective layer is further provided on the inner wall of the casing.
11、 如权利要求 10所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 在所述防腐蚀保护 层为聚四氟乙烯板材。  The heat exchanger according to claim 10, wherein the corrosion protection layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet.
12、 如权利要求 1-5中任一项所述的热交换器, 其特征在于, 所述壳体 靠近所述出液口的部位沿着排液方向逐渐缩小。  The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a portion of the casing close to the liquid outlet is gradually reduced in a liquid discharge direction.
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