CN107289791B

CN107289791B - Condenser

Info

Publication number: CN107289791B
Application number: CN201710689875.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王宁; 骆静霞; 王建庆; 陈辉
Original assignee: Jiangsu Jiangguo Intelligent Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Jiangguo Intelligent Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-08-14
Filing date: 2017-08-14
Publication date: 2023-09-05
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-14
Also published as: CN107289791A

Abstract

The invention discloses a condenser which comprises a shell, a front tube box, a rear tube box, a tube side inlet and a tube side outlet, wherein the front tube box and the rear tube box are arranged at two ends of the shell, a tube plate is arranged between the shell and the front tube box, a heat exchange tube extending along the arrangement direction of the front tube box and the rear tube box is fixed on the tube plate, two ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively communicated with the tube side inlet and the tube side outlet, a shell side inlet for introducing condensing gas is arranged at the upper end of the shell, a shell side outlet for introducing condensing liquid is arranged at the lower end of the shell, a plurality of support plates for supporting the heat exchange tube are arranged in the shell at intervals in sequence along the arrangement direction of the front tube box and the rear tube box, the heat exchange tube penetrates through the support plates, and vent holes are arranged on the support plates. According to the condenser, the supporting plate is arranged in the shell, the heat exchange tube is arranged on the supporting plate in a penetrating mode, and the plurality of vent holes are formed in the supporting plate, so that the flow of condensed gas is smoother, the condensation effect is good, the blockage is not easy, and the heat exchange area is fully utilized.

Description

Condenser

Technical Field

The invention relates to a heat exchange device, in particular to a condenser.

Background

Currently, the oil refining industry reduces overall costs by integrating common units, amplifying the capacity of individual units, and the like. The single-machine capacity of petroleum refining is continuously enlarged and varies from 500 ten thousand tons to 4000 ten thousand tons. The capacity of these stand-alone devices is continuously increased, and the matched production devices are also continuously in new records of sprinting. Of course, other industries have various degrees of capacity expansion and yield increase, such as the organosilicon industry, and single-machine yield ranges from 3 ten thousand tons to 20 ten thousand tons; the single-machine capacity of the polysilicon is from 1500 tons to 10 ten thousand tons; the production of 20 ten thousand tons of refrigerant devices is also put into production, the capacity and the heat exchange capacity of a single device continuously reach a new height, and a condenser is an indispensable heat exchange device in the systems.

In order to meet the requirements of large-scale design, the structure of the condenser is difficult to realize structurally if the condenser is still designed according to the traditional form. The heat exchanger with the heat exchange area of 3000 square meters and even more than 10000 square meters is successively arranged at present, and a plurality of condensers are connected in parallel in a structural mode, so that the requirements on the heat exchange area are met, but the equipment pipelines are increased, and the safety risk is increased.

The traditional condenser is compact in tube arrangement, condensed gas flushes the heat exchange tubes along the baffle plates in the shell pass, the flow of the condensed gas is completed by the vacuum degree formed by the reduced volume of the condensed gas, and the vacuum degree can continuously suck the gas at the inlet to the vacuum position to continuously condense. In order to meet the requirements of large-scale production in industries such as chemical industry, refining industry and the like, the large-scale production equipment is one of means for realizing large-scale production, and therefore, a condenser serving as process equipment is also becoming larger and larger. For a large-sized condenser, if the diameter of the equipment is larger, and the traditional structural design is still adopted, condensed gas is enabled to wash the heat exchange tubes along the baffle plates in the shell pass, and a large amount of condensed gas is easy to block after entering the shell; and the vacuum degree formed after condensation is often insufficient in operation, and condensed gas cannot reach a condensation area, so that the conditions of poor condensation effect and poor operation are caused.

The condensing effect is still good because the condensing gas is pushed by the pressure difference of the system, but the condensing gas is pushed to flow by the system power, so that a great amount of power loss is caused, and the energy consumption of the system is increased; in addition, for a low-pressure working condition system, a large-diameter and large-length condenser, better flow of condensed gas cannot be realized only by means of pressure difference, the flow of the condensed gas is not smooth, the condensation efficiency is seriously affected, and potential safety hazards exist.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a condenser which is simple in structure, good in condensation effect and not easy to block.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a condenser, includes the casing, locates front pipe case and back pipe case at casing both ends, locates tube side import and tube side export on the front pipe case, the casing with be equipped with the tube sheet between the front pipe case, be fixed with on the tube sheet and follow the front pipe case with the heat exchange tube that is used for letting in and out low temperature liquid that the arrangement direction of back pipe case extends, heat exchange tube both ends respectively with tube side import with tube side export intercommunication, the casing upper end is equipped with shell side import that is used for letting in condensing gas, lower extreme are equipped with the shell side export that is used for letting in condensing liquid, be equipped with a plurality of backup pads that are used for supporting in the casing, a plurality of the backup pad is followed the front pipe case with the arrangement direction of back pipe case is the interval sets gradually, the heat exchange tube wears to locate in the backup pad, be equipped with the air vent in the backup pad.

Preferably, at least two independent tube side units are arranged in the shell side by side, and each independent tube side unit is internally provided with the heat exchange tube.

Preferably, the support plate is provided with a mounting hole for mounting the heat exchange tube, and the mounting Kong Zhoubu is provided with a small hole for flowing the condensed gas.

Further preferably, the plurality of mounting holes are freely combined and distributed to form a plurality of mounting hole groups, and gaps are arranged between each mounting hole group and are larger than gaps between each mounting hole.

Preferably, the heat exchange tube is welded on the tube plate, and the tube body of the heat exchange tube at the welding position is radially expanded towards the direction close to the tube plate.

Preferably, the condenser further comprises a connection portion provided between the shell side inlet and the shell, the connection portion being radially enlarged in a direction approaching the shell.

Preferably, the condensed gas comprises non-condensable gas and condensable gas, the condenser further comprises a condensing gas plate arranged on the shell and used for separating the non-condensable gas and the condensable gas, and the condensing gas plate is provided with condensing holes used for condensing the condensable gas into small liquid drops.

Still preferably, the condenser further comprises an exhaust pipe, a vacuum pump and an air outlet, wherein one end of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the shell and used for exhausting the non-condensable gas, the vacuum pump is used for driving the exhaust pipe to exhaust air, the air outlet is arranged at the other end of the exhaust pipe, a spray head used for spraying the low-temperature liquid is arranged at the air outlet, and the low-temperature liquid and the non-condensable gas conduct heat transfer reaction in the exhaust pipe.

Still further preferably, an isolating ring for preventing the condensed gas from reacting with the exhaust pipe body is provided in the exhaust pipe.

Preferably, the condenser further comprises a liquid collecting tank communicated with the shell and used for collecting the condensed liquid, the shell side outlet is arranged on the liquid collecting tank, and a liquid level meter used for detecting the liquid level of the condensed liquid in the liquid collecting tank is further arranged on the liquid collecting tank.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the condenser, the supporting plate is arranged in the shell, the heat exchange tube is arranged on the supporting plate in a penetrating mode, and the plurality of vent holes are formed in the supporting plate, so that the flow of condensed gas is smoother, the condensation effect is good, the blockage is not easy, and the heat exchange area is fully utilized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of section A-A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of section B-B of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange tube welding mode of the invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of an opening of the support plate of the present invention for mounting Kong Zhoubu.

Wherein: 1. a heat exchange tube; 2. a support plate; 3. a vent hole; 4. an independent tube side unit; 5. a mounting hole; 6. a small hole; 7. a gap; 8. a connection part; 9. a condensing plate; 10. a gas condensation hole; 11. an exhaust pipe; 12. an air outlet; 13. a spray head; 14. a spacer ring; 15. a liquid collecting box; 16. a liquid level gauge;

101. a housing; 102. a front pipe box; 103. a rear pipe box; 104. a tube side inlet; 105. a tube side outlet; 106. a tube sheet; 107. a shell side inlet; 108. shell side outlet.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1-2-3-4-5, a condenser comprises a shell 101, a front tube box 102, a rear tube box 103, a tube side inlet 104 and a tube side outlet 105, wherein the front tube box 102 and the rear tube box 103 are arranged at two ends of the shell 101, a tube plate 106 is arranged between the shell 101 and the front tube box 102, the tube plate 106 is fixedly provided with a heat exchange tube 1 which extends along the arrangement direction of the front tube box 102 and the rear tube box 103 and is used for introducing and discharging low-temperature liquid, two ends of the heat exchange tube 1 are respectively communicated with the tube side inlet 104 and the tube side outlet 105, the upper end of the shell 101 is provided with a shell side inlet 107 for introducing condensing gas, the lower end of the shell 101 is provided with a shell side outlet 108 for introducing and discharging condensing liquid, a plurality of support plates 2 for supporting the heat exchange tube 1 are arranged in the shell 101, the support plates 2 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the arrangement direction of the front tube box 102 and the rear tube box 103, the heat exchange tube 1 penetrates the support plates 2, and vent holes 3 are arranged on the support plates 2.

In this embodiment, the vent holes 3 are oblong holes, and a plurality of oblong holes are formed in the support plate 2, so that the incoming condensed gas can smoothly reach a place with a small vacuum degree, the circulation of the condensed gas is increased, the resistance loss is reduced, and the heat exchange area is fully utilized.

At least two independent tube side units 4 are arranged in the shell 101 side by side, and each independent tube side unit 4 is internally provided with a heat exchange tube 1. In this embodiment, there are two independent tube side units 4, and by arranging two independent tube side units 4 in parallel in the housing 101, the heat exchange tube 1 in each independent tube side unit 4 can be independently operated, so that the condenser can be operated more flexibly, and the efficiency is greatly improved.

The support plate 2 is provided with a mounting hole 5 for mounting the heat exchange tube 1, and the periphery of the mounting hole 5 is provided with small holes 6 for flowing condensed gas in a surrounding manner. The mounting holes 5 are multiple, the mounting holes 5 are freely combined and distributed to form a plurality of mounting hole groups, gaps 7 are arranged between each mounting hole group, and the gaps 7 are larger than gaps between the mounting holes 5.

In the present embodiment, the small holes 6 are irregular holes, and the size of the opening is not limited. Through arranging a plurality of small holes 6 and matching with the vent holes 3 on the supporting plate 2, the circulation of the condensed gas is smoother, the blockage of the condensed gas is avoided, the speed of flushing the heat exchange tube 1 longitudinally and transversely by the condensed gas is increased, and the heat transfer coefficient K value is improved.

Meanwhile, in the embodiment, a pipe distribution mode is adjusted, a plurality of mounting hole groups are arranged, the arrangement of the high-temperature section heat exchange pipes 1 is reduced, the high-temperature section heat exchange pipes are relatively sparse, a plurality of gaps 7 with different widths are reserved, the gaps are used as channels for longitudinally flowing condensed gas, the condensed gas can directly permeate to the bottom of the diameter direction of the equipment, and the crowding among gaps of the upper heat exchange pipes 1 of the condensed gas caused when a large amount of condensed gas enters a condenser for condensation is avoided. The heat exchange tube 1 may be made of carbon steel, stainless steel, dual phase steel, titanium, iron-copper alloy, etc.

The heat exchange tube 1 is welded on the tube plate 106, and the tube body of the heat exchange tube 1 at the welded position radially expands in the direction approaching the tube plate 106.

In the embodiment, a slope welding head mode is adopted, namely, the pipe body of the heat exchange pipe 1 at the welding position radially expands towards the direction close to the pipe plate 106, and is shaped into a smooth transition shape after polishing and scraping, the structure tends to be circular arc, the stress concentration coefficient is smaller, the stress state of the pipe head of the heat exchange pipe 1 is improved to a certain extent, the stress between the heat exchange pipe 1 and the pipe plate 106 is reduced, and the service life of equipment is prolonged. Meanwhile, the slope welding head improves the flowing state of the low-temperature liquid entering the heat exchange tube 1, reduces the resistance of the low-temperature liquid entering the tube side, solves the technical problem of large resistance loss of the traditional structure, and correspondingly reduces the energy consumption of the system.

Argon arc welding is adopted in welding, the current is 120A-180A, the voltage is 12-24V, the tube head is 4-8mm lower than the tube plate, the welding is required to be thoroughly completed, defects such as air holes, slag inclusion, cracks and the like cannot exist, machining is carried out on the surface of a welding seam after the welding is completed, the surface is scraped into a slope shape, and then surface detection is carried out on the welding seam, so that the welding seam is ensured to be free of defects.

The condenser further comprises a connection 8 between the shell side inlet 107 and the housing 101, the connection 8 being radially enlarged in a direction towards the housing 101.

In the embodiment, a large hole is formed in the shell 101, the large hole is arranged along the length direction of the shell 101, the large hole is communicated with the shell side inlet 107 to form a conical connecting part 8, so that the inlet speed of condensed gas and the longitudinal length of the inlet are improved, the permeability is increased, the large-flux air inlet can be realized, and the large-flux requirement in large-scale production is met; meanwhile, the expansion problem in the axial direction and the longitudinal direction on the pipeline is solved, and the potential safety hazard caused by thermal expansion is eliminated.

The length and the width of the large hole are determined according to process calculation, in order to improve the heat transfer coefficient of the condenser, ensure a certain flow velocity, ensure that the inertia force is larger than the viscous force and reach a lower value in a turbulent state, and generally, the Reynolds number is more than 2000 and can be adjusted upwards by about 30 percent; meanwhile, in order to maintain a larger margin, 2-4 rectangular expansion joints are connected in series to meet the requirement of deformation coordination of the shell 101 and the shell side inlet 107, meanwhile, the thermal expansion of the vertical distance between the shell 101 and the shell side inlet 107 in operation is considered, the deformation coordination quantity is determined according to the temperature difference and the length between the shell 101 and the shell side inlet 107 and the linear expansion coefficient of metal, the stress problem caused by the inlet temperature difference is solved, materials compatible with media are generally selected for the expansion joints, S30508, S30403, S31608, S31603, monel alloy, titanium alloy and other materials are generally selected, and the thickness of the wall thickness is generally 0.8,1.2,1.5,2,2.5,3,4,5,6,8.

The condenser further comprises a condensing plate 9 arranged on the shell 101 and used for separating non-condensable gas and condensable gas in the condensed gas, and a condensing hole 10 used for condensing the condensable gas into small liquid drops is arranged on the condensing plate 9. By separating the non-condensable gas from the condensable gas and pumping away the non-condensable gas, the contact opportunity of the condensable gas and the heat exchange tube 1 is greatly increased, thereby improving the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

The condenser also comprises an exhaust pipe 11, a vacuum pump and an air outlet 12, wherein one end of the exhaust pipe 11 is communicated with the shell 101 and used for exhausting non-condensable gas in non-condensable gas and condensed gas, the vacuum pump is used for driving the exhaust pipe 11 to exhaust air, the air outlet 12 is arranged at the other end of the exhaust pipe 11, a spray head 13 is arranged at the air outlet 12 and used for spraying low-temperature liquid, and the low-temperature liquid and the non-condensable gas in the non-condensable gas and the condensed gas perform heat transfer reaction in the exhaust pipe 11. The exhaust pipe 11 is provided with a spacer ring 14 for preventing the condensed gas from reacting with the pipe body of the exhaust pipe 11.

In this embodiment, the spacer ring 14 is a ceramic ring and is installed in the exhaust pipe 11. By arranging the exhaust pipe 11 and the spray head 13, the non-condensable gas in the non-condensable gas and the non-condensable gas in the condensed gas and the low-temperature liquid sprayed in the spray head 13 perform further heat and mass transfer at the ceramic ring, so that the non-condensable gas in the condensed gas is further separated and recovered, and the adverse effect of the non-condensable gas on the next link is reduced; meanwhile, the noncondensable gas can be cooled again, so that heat carried by the noncondensable gas is fully absorbed, and low-temperature liquid absorbing the heat enters the shell 101 to release heat again, so that the overall condensation efficiency is improved.

Meanwhile, in the area where the exhaust pipe 11 is communicated with the shell 101, a collecting area is further arranged, the heat exchange pipe 1 is arranged in the collecting area, and when the condensed gas is extracted to the exhaust pipe 11, the condensed gas passes through the collecting area again to be condensed, so that heat loss is reduced.

The condenser further comprises a liquid collecting tank 15 which is communicated with the shell 101 and used for collecting condensed liquid, a shell side outlet 108 is arranged on the liquid collecting tank 15, and a liquid level meter 16 used for detecting the liquid level of the condensed liquid in the liquid collecting tank 15 is further arranged on the liquid collecting tank 15. The condensed liquid in the header tank 15 plays a role of water seal for the condensed gas in the shell, and when the liquid level meter 16 detects that the condensed liquid in the header tank 15 reaches the set liquid level, the condensed liquid is taken out from the shell side outlet 108.

The working procedure of this embodiment is specifically described below: condensing gas is introduced from the shell side inlet 107, flows to the two ends and the bottom of the shell 101 through the vent hole 3, the small hole 6 and the gap 7, meanwhile, low-temperature liquid is introduced from the tube side inlet 104, enters from the tube side inlet 104, flows to the tube side outlet 105 through the heat exchange tube 1, and completes a back and forth flow, so that the condensing gas in the shell 101 is condensed.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and to implement the same, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a condenser, includes casing (101), locates preceding pipe case (102) and back pipe case (103) at casing (101) both ends, locate tube side import (104) and tube side export (105) on preceding pipe case (102), casing (101) with be equipped with tube sheet (106) between preceding pipe case (102), be fixed with on tube sheet (106) along preceding pipe case (102) with heat exchange tube (1) that are used for letting in and out cryogenic liquid that the range direction of back pipe case (103) extends, heat exchange tube (1) both ends respectively with tube side import (104) with tube side export (105) intercommunication, casing (101) upper end is equipped with shell side import (107) that are used for letting in condensing gas, the lower extreme is equipped with shell side export (108) that are used for letting in condensing liquid, its characterized in that: a plurality of support plates (2) for supporting the heat exchange tubes (1) are arranged in the shell (101), the support plates (2) are sequentially arranged at intervals along the arrangement direction of the front tube box (102) and the rear tube box (103), the heat exchange tubes (1) are arranged on the support plates (2) in a penetrating mode, and vent holes (3) are formed in the support plates (2);

the condensing gas comprises non-condensable gas and condensable gas, the condenser further comprises a condensing gas plate (9) arranged on the shell (101) and used for separating the non-condensable gas and the condensable gas, and a condensing hole (10) used for condensing the condensable gas into small liquid drops is formed in the condensing gas plate (9);

the condenser also comprises an exhaust pipe (11) with one end communicated with the shell (101) and used for exhausting the non-condensable gas, a vacuum pump used for driving the exhaust pipe (11) to exhaust and an air outlet (12) arranged at the other end of the exhaust pipe (11), wherein a spray head (13) used for spraying the low-temperature liquid is arranged at the air outlet (12), and the low-temperature liquid and the non-condensable gas perform heat transfer reaction in the exhaust pipe (11);

the support plate (2) is provided with a mounting hole (5) for mounting the heat exchange tube (1), and the mounting hole (5) Zhou Buhuan is provided with a small hole (6) for flowing the condensed gas;

the plurality of mounting holes (5) are freely combined and distributed to form a plurality of mounting hole groups, gaps (7) are arranged between each mounting hole group, and the gaps (7) are larger than the gaps between the mounting holes (5);

the arrangement of the high-temperature section heat exchange tubes (1) is reduced by arranging the plurality of mounting hole groups, so that the high-temperature section heat exchange tubes are relatively sparse, a plurality of gaps (7) with different widths are reserved, and the gaps are used as channels for longitudinal flow of condensed gas, so that the condensed gas can directly permeate to the bottom of the equipment in the diameter direction.

2. A condenser according to claim 1, wherein: at least two independent tube side units (4) are arranged in the shell (101) side by side, and each independent tube side unit (4) is internally provided with the heat exchange tube (1).

3. A condenser according to claim 1, wherein: the heat exchange tube (1) is welded on the tube plate (106), and the tube body of the heat exchange tube (1) at the welding position radially expands towards the direction close to the tube plate (106).

4. A condenser according to claim 1, wherein: the condenser further comprises a connecting part (8) arranged between the shell side inlet (107) and the shell (101), and the connecting part (8) radially expands towards the direction approaching the shell (101).

5. A condenser according to claim 1, wherein: the exhaust pipe (11) is provided with a separation ring (14) for preventing the condensed gas from reacting with the pipe body of the exhaust pipe (11).

6. A condenser according to claim 1, wherein: the condenser also comprises a liquid collecting box (15) which is communicated with the shell (101) and used for collecting condensed liquid, the shell side outlet (108) is arranged on the liquid collecting box (15), and a liquid level meter (16) used for detecting the liquid level of the condensed liquid in the liquid collecting box (15) is further arranged on the liquid collecting box (15).