WO2013003997A1 - 液压控制回路 - Google Patents

液压控制回路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013003997A1
WO2013003997A1 PCT/CN2011/076818 CN2011076818W WO2013003997A1 WO 2013003997 A1 WO2013003997 A1 WO 2013003997A1 CN 2011076818 W CN2011076818 W CN 2011076818W WO 2013003997 A1 WO2013003997 A1 WO 2013003997A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
way
inlet
relief valve
control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/076818
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
左春庚
郭海保
李美香
张劲
谢海波
刘建华
向志平
魏星
简桃凤
Original Assignee
长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2011/076818 priority Critical patent/WO2013003997A1/zh
Publication of WO2013003997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013003997A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/042Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
    • F15B11/0423Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling pump output or bypass, other than to maintain constant speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/30565Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve
    • F15B2211/3058Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve having additional valves for interconnecting the fluid chambers of a double-acting actuator, e.g. for regeneration mode or for floating mode
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3105Neutral or centre positions
    • F15B2211/3116Neutral or centre positions the pump port being open in the centre position, e.g. so-called open centre
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/315Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/405Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40515Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with variable throttles or orifices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/405Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40576Assemblies of multiple valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/42Flow control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/428Flow control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/45Control of bleed-off flow, e.g. control of bypass flow to the return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7058Rotary output members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of hydraulic control and, in particular, to a hydraulic control circuit having a bypass throttle circuit. Background technique
  • a speed control loop is usually also provided to meet the control requirements for the speed of movement of the actuator.
  • there are various ways to control the movement speed of the actuator for example, by changing the flow cross section of the flow control valve to control and regulate the flow into or out of the actuator, thereby realizing the throttle speed regulation loop of the speed regulation;
  • a variable speed control loop that achieves speed regulation by changing the displacement of a hydraulic pump or a hydraulic motor. Since variable-pressure hydraulic pumps are usually required for volumetric speed-regulating circuits, the cost is increased. Therefore, more throttling speed-regulating circuits are used, such as bypass throttle circuits using throttle valves or commutation Valve reversing valve speed control loop.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a conventional hydraulic control circuit
  • Figure 3 shows a directional control valve (i.e., a reversing valve) 10 in the hydraulic control circuit shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the hydraulic control circuit includes a directional control valve 10 and an actuator 11 (e.g., a hydraulic motor) coupled to the directional control valve 10, the directional control valve 10 including a bypass inlet a bypass throttle circuit of P' and the bypass outlet T', wherein the bypass inlet P' communicates with the oil inlet port P (ie, the working hydraulic oil of the hydraulic pump is supplied to the oil inlet port P of the directional control valve 10 and the bypass port The inlet P'), the bypass outlet T' communicates with the fuel tank, and the flow passage section of the bypass throttle circuit changes with the opening degree of the directional control valve 10.
  • FIG. 1 shows the working state of the hydraulic control circuit when the directional control valve 10 is in the neutral position.
  • the working oil ports (A port and B port) of the directional control valve 10 the oil inlet port P and the back are shown.
  • the oil port T is cut off, and the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T' are connected, and the bypass throttle circuit (substantially) does not throttle the oil flowing through the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T'. effect.
  • execute The element 11 does not operate, and hydraulic oil from a hydraulic pump (not shown) flows back to the tank through the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T'.
  • the opening degree of the directional control valve 10 gradually increases, the oil inlet port P communicates with the A port, and the B port and the oil return port T is in communication, and the flow cross section of the bypass throttle circuit formed by the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T' is gradually reduced.
  • most of the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump sequentially flows through the inlet ports P and A, passes through the actuator 11 and performs work on the actuator, and then flows back from the port B through the oil return port T to the tank.
  • a small portion of the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump flows through the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T' through the throttling and then flows back to the tank.
  • the operating speed of the actuator 11 (if the actuator 11 is a hydraulic cylinder, the operating speed of the actuator 11 refers to the linear moving speed of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder; if the actuator 11 is a hydraulic motor, and the operating speed of the actuator 11 means that the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor is mainly determined by the system load and the opening degree of the directional control valve 10.
  • the opening degree of the directional control valve 10 when the load is constant, if the opening degree of the directional control valve 10 is increased, the flow cross section of the bypass throttle circuit formed by the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T' is reduced, The flow rate of the hydraulic oil acting on the actuator 11 is increased, and the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass throttle circuit is decreased, thereby accelerating the operating speed of the actuator 11; conversely, if the load is constant, if the direction is When the opening degree of the control valve 10 is decreased, the flow cross section of the bypass throttle circuit is increased, so that the flow rate of the hydraulic oil acting on the actuator 11 is decreased, and the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass throttle circuit is decreased. The increase is such that the operating speed of the actuator 11 is slowed down. Through the above process, the speed control of the actuator 11 is realized by the bypass throttle circuit of the directional control valve 10.
  • the main factor affecting the operating speed of the actuator 11 is the opening degree of the system load and the directional control valve 10, in other words, the main influencing factor of the flow rate of the hydraulic oil acting on the actuator 11 is the system load and direction.
  • the opening of the control valve 10 is controlled.
  • the hydraulic control circuit mainly has defects of poor running stability.
  • the root cause of the above defects is:
  • the flow rate in the bypass throttle circuit is also affected by the system load.
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil acting on the actuator 11 is also affected by the system load, which in turn causes a problem that the actuator 11 does not operate smoothly when the system load changes.
  • the present invention provides a hydraulic control circuit, the hydraulic control circuit A directional control valve having a bypass throttle circuit and an actuator coupled to the directional control valve, the hydraulic control circuit further including a valve connected in series in the bypass throttle circuit to be supplied to the When the oil supply flow rate of the directional control valve is constant, the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the actuator is kept constant.
  • the valve when the load on the actuator is increased, the valve correspondingly reduces the flow cross section of the valve port of the valve; when the load on the actuator is reduced, the valve correspondingly The flow cross section of the valve port of the valve is increased such that the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass throttle circuit does not change if the directional control valve has a constant opening.
  • the hydraulic control circuit further includes a fuel tank, the valve is a hydraulic flow control valve including an inlet, an outlet and a control port, and an inlet of the pilot flow control valve is connected to a bypass port of the directional control valve,
  • the outlet of the liquid control flow control valve is in communication with the oil tank, and the control port of the liquid control flow control valve is directly or indirectly connected to the system pressure of the hydraulic control circuit.
  • control port of the pilot flow control valve is in direct communication with the oil inlet of the directional control valve.
  • the valve is an electronically controlled speed regulating valve, a hydraulically controlled speed regulating valve or a pressure compensating valve.
  • the pressure compensating valve comprises: a valve body having a valve chamber and an inlet, an outlet and a control port; a valve body having a first end, a second end, and a first end connected thereto And a connection portion of the second end portion, the valve body is movably disposed in the valve chamber and partitioning the valve chamber into a first chamber adjacent to the first end portion, and the second portion a second chamber adjacent to the end and a flow space between the first end and the second end facing each other and surrounding the connecting portion, the through space communicating with the inlet and the outlet
  • the control port communicates with the second chamber, such that hydraulic oil flowing into the second chamber through the control port can apply hydraulic pressure to the second end of the valve core; and an elastic element,
  • the elastic member is located in the first chamber to apply elastic pressure to the first end of the valve body, and the valve core is further provided with a passage communicating the flow passage space and the first chamber.
  • the valve body comprises a hollow body and a first part detachably assembled to the two ends of the body An end cap and a second end cap, the elastic element is located between the first end cap and an end surface of the first end of the valve core, and the control port is disposed on the second end cap, A first damping plug is disposed in the passage and/or a second damping plug is disposed in the control opening.
  • the directional control valve has the oil inlet port P, the oil return port ⁇ , two working oil ports ⁇ , ⁇ , and a bypass inlet P' and a bypass outlet T constituting the bypass throttle circuit.
  • the valve, the inlet port ⁇ and the bypass inlet P' are both in pressure communication with the system, the working ports ⁇ , ⁇ are respectively in communication with the actuator 11, the bypass outlet T' and the valve Connected.
  • the hydraulic control circuit further includes a buffer circuit connected in parallel with the actuator, the buffer circuit including a relief valve and a buffer control valve connected in series with the relief valve, when the relief valve is not connected, a spool of the buffer control valve is in an initial position, and a valve port of the buffer control valve is opened, wherein the buffer control is when the overflow valve is closed and the spool of the buffer control valve is in an extreme position
  • the flow area of the valve port of the valve is smaller than the flow area when the valve port is open and is not completely closed.
  • the relief valve comprises a first relief valve and a second relief valve, the inlet of the first relief valve being connected to a first side of the actuator, and the inlet of the second relief valve being connected a second side of the actuator;
  • the buffer control valve is connected in series with the first relief valve and the second relief valve and is directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator side.
  • the buffer control valve has a first inlet, a second inlet and the outlet, an outlet of the first relief valve is connected to a first inlet of the buffer control valve, and the second relief valve The outlet is connected to the second inlet of the buffer control valve, wherein when the first relief valve and the second relief valve are not turned on, the spool of the buffer control valve is at an initial position, An inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet are connected; when one of the first relief valve and the second relief valve is turned on, the spool of the buffer control valve moves to a corresponding extreme position, thereby causing the flow The hydraulic oil passing through the relief valve of the first relief valve and the second relief valve flows to the outlet through throttling.
  • the buffer control valve comprises: a buffer valve body having a cavity and the first inlet, the second inlet and the outlet communicating with the cavity; as the buffer control valve a sliding core of the spool, the sliding core having a first end, a second end, and a connecting portion connecting the first end and the second end, the sliding core being movably disposed in the cavity And defining, in the cavity, a through-flow chamber between the first end portion and the second end portion facing each other and surrounding the connecting portion, the through-flow chamber communicating with the outlet, the first An inlet communicates with the flow passage through a first throttle groove disposed on a side of the first end toward the second end, and the second inlet can be disposed at the second end a second throttle groove on a side of the one end portion communicates with the flow passage cavity, and a stroke L2 of the slide core is smaller than a longitudinal direction of the first throttle groove and the second throttle groove along the slide core Length L1.
  • the buffer control valve is a hydraulically controlled directional control valve
  • the cavity is further divided by the sliding core into a first control chamber adjacent to the first end portion and opposite to the second end portion a second control chamber adjacent to the first control chamber is coupled to the first side of the actuator by a first damping element, and the second control chamber is coupled to the actuator by a second damping element Said the second side.
  • the buffer control valve comprises a hydraulically controlled 2/2-way valve having a first inlet, a second inlet, a control port and an outlet, and the first of the hydraulic control two-position three-way valve
  • An inlet is connected to an outlet of the first relief valve
  • a second inlet of the liquid-controlled 3/2-way valve is connected to an outlet of the second relief valve
  • an outlet of the hydraulically controlled 3/2-way valve Directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator
  • the hydraulic control circuit further comprising a shuttle valve having a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet, the first inlet connection of the shuttle valve On the first side of the actuator, a second inlet of the shuttle valve is coupled to the second side of the actuator, and an outlet of the shuttle valve is coupled to the fluid by a third damping element Controlling the control port of the two-position three-way valve, wherein, when neither the first relief valve nor the second relief valve is closed, the spool of the liquid-controlled two-position three-way valve
  • the buffer circuit further includes a first one-way valve and a second one-way valve, an outlet of the first one-way valve is connected to the first side of the actuator, and the second one-way valve An outlet is connected to the second side of the actuator, and inlets of the first one-way valve and the second one-way valve are in communication with each other; an outlet of the buffer control valve is connected to an inlet of the first one-way valve And the line between the inlet of the second check valve.
  • the first relief valve is a first one-way relief valve integrated with a check valve and a relief valve that are opposite in opening direction
  • the second relief valve is integrated with a one-way opening direction opposite a second one-way relief valve of the valve and the relief valve, the buffer control valve being coupled between the first one-way relief valve and the second one-way relief valve.
  • the buffer control valve is a hydraulically controlled three-position two-way valve
  • the liquid control three-position two-way valve has a first working port and a second working port, and a first control port and a second control port
  • the liquid control The first working port of the three-position two-way valve is connected to the outlet of the first one-way relief valve
  • the second working port of the liquid-controlled three-position two-way valve is connected to the second one-way overflow
  • An outlet of the valve, a first control port and a second control port of the pilot three-position two-way valve are respectively connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator; wherein, the first one-way overflow
  • the valve core of the hydraulic three-position two-way valve is in an initial position, and the third position of the three-position two-way valve a working port and a second working port are connected; when the overflow valve of one of the first one-way relief valve and the second one-way
  • the buffer control valve comprises a hydraulically controlled 2/2-way valve having a first working port, a second working port and a control port, and the liquid control 2/2-way valve a working port is connected to the outlet of the first one-way relief valve, and a second working port of the liquid-controlled two-position two-way valve is connected to an outlet of the second one-way relief valve;
  • the hydraulic control circuit also includes a shuttle valve, the shuttle valve Having a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet, a first inlet of the shuttle valve coupled to the first side of the actuator, and a second inlet of the shuttle valve coupled to the first of the actuator
  • the outlet of the shuttle valve is connected to the control port of the hydraulic control 2nd two-way valve through a fourth damping element, wherein the overflow valve and the first one of the first one-way relief valve When the overflow valves of the two one-way relief valves are not connected, the valve core of the liquid-controlled two-position two-way valve is located at an initial
  • the actuator is a hydraulic motor
  • the hydraulic control circuit is a swing control loop.
  • the valve in the case where the flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied to the directional control valve by the hydraulic pump (ie, the flow rate of the system hydraulic oil) is constant, the valve can be used to perform the flow regardless of the load on the actuator.
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid of the component substantially remains unchanged.
  • the actuator can be maintained at a relatively stable operating speed during operation, thereby achieving a stable operating state.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic views of a conventional hydraulic control circuit
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the directional control valve of Figures 1 and 2;
  • FIGS. 4 through 6 are schematic views of hydraulic control circuits in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the valve 20 of the hydraulic control circuit of Figure 6 and the directional control valve 10;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing a specific structure of the valve 20 of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of a hydraulic control circuit having a conventional buffer circuit
  • Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic control circuit with an improved buffer circuit
  • FIG 11 is a schematic view of the buffer control valve of Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing a specific structure of the buffer control valve of Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of a hydraulic control circuit having another improved buffer circuit
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the buffer control valve of Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic control circuit with yet another improved buffer circuit
  • Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of yet another improved buffer circuit. detailed description
  • the hydraulic control circuit provided by the present invention comprises: a directional control valve 10 having a bypass throttle circuit and an actuator 11 connected to the directional control valve 10, wherein The hydraulic control circuit further includes a valve 20 that is connected in series in the bypass throttle circuit to flow through the actuator 11 without the flow rate of hydraulic oil supplied to the directional control valve 10 being constant. The flow rate of the hydraulic oil also remains unchanged.
  • the hydraulic control circuit may further include a fuel tank (not shown) and a hydraulic pump (not shown) connected to the fuel tank and connected to the actuator 11 through the directional control valve 10, and the direction control Bypass throttling of valve 10 The circuit is connected to the fuel tank.
  • the valve 20 in the case where the flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied to the directional control valve 10 by the hydraulic pump (i.e., the flow rate of the system hydraulic oil) is constant, regardless of the change in the load on the actuator 11, the valve 20 can be utilized.
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the actuator 11 (substantially) remains unchanged.
  • the actuator 11 can be maintained at a relatively stable running speed during operation, thereby achieving a stable operating state, achieving the object of the present invention.
  • the opening degree of the directional control valve 10 is constant, if the system load is increased, the pressure of the system hydraulic oil is raised.
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass throttle circuit is increased, but since the oil supply amount of the system is constant, it is inevitably caused to act on the actuator 11.
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil is reduced, thereby slowing down the operating speed of the actuator 11; but for the hydraulic circuit of the present invention as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, the valve 20 can be used to control the flow through the bypass section.
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil of the flow circuit remains unchanged, thereby ensuring that the flow rate of the hydraulic oil acting on the actuator 11 remains unchanged.
  • the opening degree of the directional control valve 10 is constant, if the system load is reduced, the pressure of the system hydraulic oil is lowered.
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass throttle circuit is reduced, so that the flow rate of the hydraulic oil acting on the actuator 11 is inevitably increased, thereby The operating speed of the actuator 11 is increased; however, for the hydraulic circuit of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the valve 20 can be used to control the flow of hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass throttle circuit to remain unchanged. The change ensures that the flow rate of the hydraulic oil acting on the actuator 11 remains unchanged.
  • the hydraulic control circuit of the present invention can ensure that the actuator 11 has a relatively stable running speed even if the load of the system changes greatly or drastically during operation.
  • the valve 20 is connected in series in the bypass throttle circuit, when When the load on the actuator 11 is increased, the valve 20 correspondingly reduces the flow cross section of the valve port of the valve; when the load on the actuator 11 is reduced, the valve 20 is correspondingly increased
  • the flow passage section of the valve port of the valve is such that, in the case where the directional control valve 10 has a constant opening degree, the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass throttle circuit is (substantially) constant.
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass throttle circuit remains substantially unchanged, and the system flow rate can be kept constant, the flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied to the directional control valve 10 is substantially not Therefore, the flow rate of the hydraulic oil acting on the actuator 11 through the working port (port A or port B) of the directional control valve 10 (this flow rate is equal to the flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied to the directional control valve 10 minus the flow rate)
  • the flow rate of the hydraulic oil through the bypass throttle circuit can also be kept constant, so that the oil flow rate for the actuator can be made independent of the load change, and only by the opening of the spool of the directional control valve 10 (ie
  • the flow passage area of the bypass port determines that the flow passage area of the bypass port is substantially linear with the opening degree of the spool 22, so that the oil inlet flow rate and the opening degree of the spool 22 also have a good linear relationship.
  • the main factor of the operating speed of the actuator 11 basically depends mainly on the opening degree of the directional control valve 10, and is substantially not affected by the system load
  • the directional control valve 10 has a constant
  • the opening degree the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass throttle circuit does not change, and the description is not in the absolute sense, but refers to the usual in industrial applications. Meaning.
  • the influencing factors of the operating speed of the actuator 11 mainly depend on the opening degree of the directional control valve 10, rather than being absolutely unaffected by the system load, but only the system load has a relatively small influence on the operating speed of the actuator, or A negligible degree can be achieved in industrial practice.
  • the valve 20 capable of realizing the technical solution of the present invention can have various forms.
  • the valve may be a pilot flow control valve including an inlet, an outlet, and a control port, the inlet of the pilot flow control valve being in communication with a bypass port of the directional control valve 10, at the hydraulic control
  • the circuit includes a fuel tank
  • an outlet of the pilot flow control valve is in communication with the fuel tank
  • a control port of the pilot flow control valve is directly or indirectly connected to a system pressure of the hydraulic control circuit, thereby being capable of passing hydraulic pressure
  • the system pressure of the control loop directly or indirectly controls the flow cross section of the pilot flow control valve.
  • control port of the pilot flow control valve is in direct communication with the oil inlet of the directional control valve.
  • valve 20 can be an electronically controlled speed regulating valve 21, a hydraulically controlled speed regulating valve 22 or a pressure compensating valve 23.
  • the electronically controlled speed regulating valve 21 may include an electronically controlled pressure compensating valve and a throttle valve.
  • the electronically controlled speed regulating valve 21 can use a suitable sensor to collect the system pressure at the inlet port P (such as the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the pilot chamber of the directional control valve 10) and convert it into an electrical signal, thereby controlling the throttling according to the electrical signal.
  • Flow passage section of the valve such as the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the pilot chamber of the directional control valve 10.
  • the pilot operated speed regulating valve 22 may include a hydraulic pressure compensating valve and a throttle valve. Similar to the electronically controlled speed regulating valve 21, the pilot operated speed regulating valve 22 can collect the system pressure at the inlet port P (such as the hydraulic oil pressure introduced into the pilot chamber of the directional control valve 10), or by indicating the system pressure. The hydraulic pressure corresponding to the signal is controlled to adjust the flow cross section of the throttle valve.
  • valve 20 can be a pressure compensating valve 23 (shown in Figure 6). Similarly, the pressure compensating valve 23 can operate in accordance with system pressure.
  • the pressure compensating valve 23 of Fig. 6 lacks the throttle valve as compared with the electronically controlled speed regulating valve 21 and the pilot operated speed regulating valve 22 of Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the object of the present invention can be achieved regardless of the embodiment.
  • regardless of the implementation as long as the pressure difference between the oil supply port of the directional control valve 10 and the inlet of the valve 20 can be kept substantially unchanged while the system flow rate is constant, it can be implemented for execution.
  • the oil flow rate of the component is independent of the load change, and is determined only by the opening of the spool of the directional control valve 10 (i.e., the flow area of the bypass port).
  • the pressure compensating valve 23 can be electrically or hydraulically controlled, and there are many options available in conventional flow control valves. Preferably, however, the pressure compensating valve 23 is a hydraulically controlled pressure compensating valve.
  • the control end of the hydraulically controlled pressure compensating valve 23 can be directly connected to the inlet port P, thereby being directly controlled by the system oil pressure, as shown in the figure. 6 is shown.
  • the pressure compensating valve 23 comprises: a valve body 30 having a valve chamber 31 and an inlet 32, an outlet 33 and a control port 34 communicating with the valve chamber 31; 35, the valve core 35 has a first end portion 351, a second end portion 352 and a connecting portion 353 connecting the first end portion 351 and the second end portion 352, and the valve core 35 is movably disposed on the valve
  • the cavity 31 is partitioned into a first chamber 41 adjacent to the first end 351, a second chamber 42 adjacent to the second end 352, and at the first The end portion 351 and the second end portion 352 face the flow space 40 between the sides of the respective sides and surround the connecting portion 353, and the through-flow space 40 communicates with the inlet 32 and the outlet 33, the control port 34 and the The second chamber 42 communicates such that hydraulic oil flowing into the second chamber 42 through the control port 34 can apply hydraulic pressure to the second end 352 of the spool 35
  • the pressure compensating valve 23 is connected in series in the bypass throttling circuit, as shown in Figure 8, from The hydraulic oil at the bypass outlet T' of the directional control valve 10 enters the through-flow space 40 of the valve chamber 31 through the inlet 32 of the pressure compensating valve 23, and then flows through the through-flow space 40 to the outlet of the pressure compensating valve 23. 33, then flow back to the tank.
  • the flow regulating action of the pressure compensating valve 23 is achieved by providing a throttle groove 354 on the side of the second end portion 352 of the spool 35 facing the first end portion 351.
  • the throttle groove 354 may be one piece or a plurality of pieces.
  • a structure other than the throttle groove 354 may be selected.
  • a bevel structure or the like may be provided on the side of the second end portion 352 facing the first end portion 351. This can be calculated and selected according to the specific application.
  • the elastic member 36 may be any suitable elastic member such as a spring, a rubber member or the like.
  • control hydraulic oil corresponding to the system pressure passes through the control port 34 (eg, the control port 34 can communicate with the pilot chamber of the directional control valve 10) into the second chamber 42 to thereby the second to the spool 35
  • the end portion 352 applies hydraulic pressure, and at the other end, the elastic member 36 applies elastic pressure to the first end portion 351 of the spool 35.
  • the directional control valve 10 has a certain degree of opening, if the system load is increased, the hydraulic pressure applied to the second end portion 352 is also increased, thereby breaking the force balance state of the spool 35, as shown in FIG.
  • the orientation is described as an example.
  • the drive spool 35 is moved to the right until the hydraulic pressure applied to the spool 35 and the elastic pressure are again in equilibrium. Therefore, since the spool 35 is shifted to the right, the flow cross section between the through space 40 and the outlet 33 is reduced, so that the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing through the bypass outlet T' of the directional control valve 10 is substantially maintained.
  • the valve body 30 includes a hollow body 300 and a first end cover 301 and a second end cover 302 detachably fitted to both ends of the main body 300, and the elastic member 36 is located at the The first end cover 301 and the end surface of the first end portion 351 of the valve body 35 are disposed on the second end cover 302.
  • the passage 43 is provided with a first damping plug 39.
  • a second damping plug 38 is provided in the control port 34.
  • the pressure compensating valve 23 may be in the form of a combination valve including a valve body 30, a first end cap 301 and a second end cap 302.
  • the present invention is not limited to this form, and for example, the pressure compensating valve 23 may include a valve body and an end cap.
  • the spring constant of the elastic member 36 can be adjusted so that the operational characteristics of the pressure compensating valve 23 can be adjusted.
  • an adjustment screw 37 may be provided in the valve body 30, and the adjustment screw 37 passes through the first end cover 301 and comes into contact with the elastic member 36.
  • the adjustment of the spring constant of the elastic member 36 (such as a spring) can be achieved by rotating the adjusting screw 37.
  • the first damper plug 39 By providing the first damper plug 39, the impact of the hydraulic oil from the flow space 40 to the first chamber 41 can be buffered, ensuring that the spool 35 has a relatively stable working environment.
  • the second damper plug 38 By providing the second damper plug 38, the hydraulic oil having a relatively high pressure entering the control port 34 can be gently entered into the second chamber 42, thereby ensuring that the operation of the spool 35 is gentle.
  • the operating speed of the actuator 11 can also remain substantially unchanged.
  • the directional control valve 10 has the oil inlet P, the oil return port T, the two working oil ports ⁇ , and the side of the bypass throttle circuit.
  • a valve such as a three-position six-way valve that passes through the inlet port and the bypass port, the inlet port and the bypass port are both connected to the system pressure (such as the system hydraulic oil pumped by the hydraulic pump) Connected, the working ports ⁇ , ⁇ are respectively in communication with the actuator 11, the oil return port ⁇ is in communication with the oil tank, the bypass outlet T' is in communication with the valve 20, and further The fuel tank is connected.
  • a buffer circuit 100 is also provided in parallel with the actuator 11, as shown in Figs. 10, 13, 15, and 16.
  • the buffer circuit 100 includes relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 and buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 connected in series with the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82, of the hydraulic control circuit
  • the oil passage of the actuator 11 The relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 and the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 are connected to the return line of the actuator 11 of the hydraulic control circuit, thereby achieving parallel connection of the buffer circuit 100 and the actuator 11.
  • the system hydraulic oil enters the actuator 11 from the oil inlet path of the actuator 11, and after the actuator 11 is driven, it flows back to the tank from the oil return path of the actuator 11. . Therefore, the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil inlet path of the actuator 11 is relatively high during operation, and the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil return path of the actuator 11 is relatively low.
  • the system load suddenly changes (for example, when the system starts or brakes, or the actuator
  • the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil inlet path of the actuator 11 also suddenly increases.
  • the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 in the buffer circuit will change from the off state to the on state, and then through the overflow
  • the flow control valves 51, 52; 81, 82 are connected to the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 and are controlled to flow into the oil return path of the actuator 11, thereby functioning as a buffer.
  • the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 are turned on, thereby allowing the pressure in the oil inlet passage.
  • Excessive hydraulic oil flows to the damper control valves 60, 90, 92 through the closed relief valve, and since the spool of the damper control valves 60, 90, 92 is at the initial position where the valve port is opened, the flow can be quickly performed The return path of component 11.
  • the spools of the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 are moved from the initial position to the limit position, thereby controlling the hydraulic oil flowing through the buffer control valve.
  • the flow passage area of the valve ports of the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 is smaller than the flow passage area when the valve ports are opened and is not completely closed. Therefore, as long as the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 are not closed, even the spools of the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 When the limit position is reached, the hydraulic oil with excessive pressure in the oil inlet path of the actuator 11 can still flow through the buffer circuit to the relatively small pressure return passage, thereby obtaining a better cushioning effect.
  • Actuator 11 can be a variety of actuators, such as various piston or hydraulic motors.
  • the inlet and return lines of the actuator 11 are different for different actuators.
  • the inlet and return lines of a single-acting piston cylinder are generally constant. That is to say, the oil path connecting the single-acting piston cylinder to the hydraulic pump is usually the oil inlet path, and the oil path connected to the oil cylinder is usually the return oil path.
  • the inlet and return lines of the actuator can be interchanged, such as a double-acting piston cylinder or a hydraulic motor that can be driven in both directions of rotation.
  • the actuator 11 is a hydraulic motor, wherein the A side may be an oil inlet path, and the B side is a return oil path; or the B side may be an oil inlet. Road, and the A side is the return road.
  • the buffer circuit 100 is capable of allowing the hydraulic oil of the first side to flow to the second side (B side) of the actuator 11 in a controlled manner.
  • the first side and the second side of the actuator 11 referred to herein are only used to distinguish the two sides of the actuator 11, wherein the first side may refer to either side of the actuator 11 and the second side refers to the actuator 11 The other side opposite the first side.
  • the first side is the oil inlet side of the oil inlet
  • the second side is the oil return side of the return line
  • the first side is the oil return side of the return line
  • the second side is the oil inlet side.
  • the oil inlet side when the first side is the oil inlet side of the oil inlet, the second side is the oil return side of the return line; the first side is the oil return side of the return line, and the second side is the oil inlet side.
  • the buffer circuit 100 when the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the first side of the actuator 11 is excessively large, that is, when the predetermined pressure value is exceeded, the hydraulic oil on the first side is allowed to buffer the pressure of the larger hydraulic oil. Controlled flow to the other side of the actuator 11 (i.e., the second side), thereby acting to buffer higher pressures, thereby avoiding damage to the safe operation of the hydraulic control circuit.
  • controlled means that the buffer circuit does not always maintain the first side of the actuator 11 in communication with the second side, but the buffer circuit is allowed to execute when the pressure on one side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined pressure value.
  • the first side and the second side of the element 11 are in communication such that a portion of the hydraulic oil flows between the first side and the second side through the buffer circuit 100, and after the higher pressure drops to a predetermined value, the actuator 11 is again The first side and the second side are disconnected so that the actuator 11 has sufficient drive load capability.
  • the pressure of the actuator 11 can be higher through the buffer circuit 100.
  • the hydraulic oil on the side is controllably guided to the lower pressure side, thereby buffering the change in hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic control circuit.
  • the buffer control valve 60' in the buffer circuit 100' of the conventional hydraulic control circuit is completely closed when the spool is in the extreme position.
  • the valve port of the buffer control valve 60 is not completely closed, but a predetermined flow passage section is retained, thereby still allowing the hydraulic oil. It flows from the relatively high pressure side to the relatively low pressure side to maintain a proper cushioning effect, so it can also filter the pressure peak during the movement and has a better cushioning effect.
  • Buffer circuit 100 can be implemented in a variety of ways. In the present invention, a preferred embodiment of a plurality of buffer circuits 100 is provided. Preferred embodiments of the various buffer circuits 100 will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the buffer circuit 100 includes: a first relief valve 51 and a second relief valve 52, the first An inlet of an overflow valve 51 is connected to the first side of the actuator 11, and an inlet of the second relief valve 52 is connected to the second side of the actuator 11; the buffer control valve 60 is connected in series with the first relief valve 51 and the second relief valve 52, respectively, and is directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator 11.
  • the relief valve comprises a first The relief valve 51 and the second relief valve 52 are respectively coupled to the first side and the second side of the actuator 11 such that the pressure of the hydraulic oil exceeds a predetermined pressure in either side of the actuator 11 as the intake passage
  • the first relief valve 51 is opened when the hydraulic oil pressure of the first side exceeds the predetermined pressure
  • the second relief valve 52 is opened when the pressure of the hydraulic oil of the second side exceeds the predetermined pressure
  • Buffer control valve 60 can take a variety of forms.
  • the buffer control valve 60 can be an electronically controlled directional control valve, a hydraulic directional control valve, or a manual directional control valve.
  • the buffer control valve 60 has a first inlet 601, a second inlet 602, and the outlet 603, and the outlet of the first relief valve 51 and the buffer control valve 60
  • the first inlet 601 is connected, and the outlet of the second relief valve 52 is connected to the second inlet 602 of the buffer control valve 60, wherein neither the first relief valve 51 nor the second relief valve 52
  • the buffer control valve 60 is in an initial position, the first inlet 601, the second inlet 602, and the outlet 603 are turned on; one of the first relief valve 51 and the second relief valve 52
  • the buffer control valve 60 is moved to the corresponding limit position (ie, the spool of the buffer control valve 60 in FIG. 10 is moved to the left or right position) so as to flow through the first relief valve 51 and
  • the hydraulic oil of the relief valve that is opened in the second relief valve 52 flows to the outlet 603 by throttling.
  • the buffer circuit 100 shown in Figure 10 differs from the buffer circuit 100' of Figure 9 primarily in the principle and construction of the buffer control valve 60.
  • the first from the actuator 11 The side high pressure hydraulic oil is such that when the spool of the damper control valve 60 is in the right position, unlike the damper control valve 60' in the embodiment of Fig. 9, in the embodiment of Fig. 10, the damper control valve 60 is still allowed.
  • the hydraulic oil flowing through the first relief valve 51 passes through the buffer control valve 60, thereby obtaining a better cushioning effect.
  • FIGS. 1-10 Preferably, as shown in FIGS.
  • valve port between the first inlet 601 and the outlet 603 of the buffer control valve 60 and the second inlet 602 are The valve port between the outlets 603 is not completely closed, but allows the hydraulic oil to flow through the corresponding valve port through the throttle groove.
  • valve body of the damping control valve 60 since the valve body of the damping control valve 60 still has a through-flow section when the limit position of the left or right position allows the hydraulic oil to flow under the throttling action, when the actuator 11 is not only activated And the impact of the higher pressure of the hydraulic oil on both sides of the actuator 11 during the braking process can also buffer the pressure shock generated by the actuator 11 during operation, thereby obtaining a better buffer circuit than the conventional hydraulic control circuit. Buffering effect.
  • the first relief valve 51 is turned on, thereby allowing the hydraulic oil on the first side to flow to the buffer control valve.
  • the buffer control valve 60 At the inlet of 60, the buffer control valve 60 is still in the initial position and the buffer control valve 60 is in communication. Then, the hydraulic oil flows out from the outlet of the buffer control valve 60 under the control of the buffer control valve 60, and flows to the second side of the actuator 11 and flows back to the oil tank, so that a part of the hydraulic oil flows back to the oil tank through the buffer circuit 100. It is avoided that all of it is supplied to the actuator 11 to function as a buffer.
  • the hydraulic oil on the first side of the actuator 11 acts to control the oil to push the spool of the buffer control valve 60 to the left, the hydraulic oil flowing through the buffer control valve 60 gradually decreases, and when the spool moves to the left position, the buffer The control valve 60 still retains a reduced flow area, thereby continuing to allow a small amount of hydraulic oil to flow back to the tank for cushioning.
  • the first relief valve 51 is closed, so that the hydraulic oil of the first side of the actuator 11 is no longer allowed to flow through the buffer circuit 100 to the actuator 11. The second side.
  • the second relief valve 52 When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the second side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined value (at this time, the second side is the high pressure side), the second relief valve 52 is accordingly turned on, thereby allowing the hydraulic oil on the second side. Pass The buffer control valve 60 is passed to the first side. When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the second side drops below a predetermined value, the second relief valve 52 is closed. This process is similar to the case where the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the first side of the above-described actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined value, and therefore will not be described in detail.
  • the damper control valve 60 for the embodiment of Fig. 10 can have a variety of configurations.
  • the buffer control valve 60 includes: a buffer valve body 200 having a cavity 201 and the first inlet 601 communicating with the cavity 201, a second inlet 602 and an outlet 603; a sliding core 604 as a spool of the buffer control valve 60, the sliding core 604 having a first end 605, a second end 606, and connecting the first end and the second end a connecting portion 607, the sliding core 604 is movably disposed in the cavity 201 and defined in the cavity 201 between the sides of the first end 605 and the second end 606 facing each other And surrounding the through-flow chamber 608 of the connecting portion 607, the through-flow chamber 608 is in communication with the outlet 603, and the first inlet 601 is disposed on a side of the first end portion facing the second end portion a flow channel 611 communicating with the flow-through chamber 608, the second inlet 602 being per
  • the first inlet 601 of the buffer control valve 60 communicates with the outlet 603 through the first throttle groove 611, the flow passage chamber 608, and the throttling effect is achieved by the first throttle groove 611.
  • the second inlet 602 of the buffer control valve 60 communicates with the outlet 603 through the second throttle groove 612, the flow passage 608, and the throttling effect is achieved by the second throttle groove 612.
  • the stroke L2 of the slide core 604 (ie, the moving distance from the intermediate position of the slide core 604 to the left or right position) is smaller than the first throttle The length 1-1 of the groove 611 and the second throttle groove 612 in the longitudinal direction of the slide core. Therefore, the first throttle groove 611 and the second throttle groove 612 are not closed by the slide core 604 whenever the slide core (ie, the spool) of the buffer control valve 60 is moved from the intermediate position to the left or right position. Rather, a portion of the flow passage cross section remains, thereby continuing to allow hydraulic oil to flow through the damping control valve 60 under throttling. Therefore, during the operation of the system, not only the pressure peak can be filtered, but also a higher pressure can be established by supplying a smaller flow rate to the actuator 11.
  • the stroke L2 of the slide core 604, the length L1 of the first throttle groove 611 and the second throttle groove 612 along the longitudinal direction of the slide core, and the difference between L2 and L1 are generally designed and selected according to specific application conditions.
  • the first throttle groove 611 and the second throttle groove 612 may each have one or more strips.
  • the first throttle groove 611 and the second throttle groove 612 each include a plurality of throttle grooves.
  • the structure of the damper control valve 60 applied to the embodiment of Fig. 10 is not limited to the specific structure shown in Fig. 12.
  • the damper control valve 60 shown in Fig. 12 is a hydraulic control valve
  • the damper control valve 60 may be an electric control valve or a manual control valve or the like as long as the above-described function of the damper control valve 60 can be realized.
  • the buffer control valve 60 is a hydraulically controlled directional control valve, and the cavity 201 is further divided by the sliding core into a first portion adjacent to the first end portion 605. a control chamber 613 and a second control chamber 614 adjacent to the second end 606, the first control chamber 613 being coupled to the first side of the actuator 11 by a first damping element 615, The second control chamber 614 is coupled to the second side of the actuator 11 by a second damping element 616.
  • the first relief valve 51 is actuated to be turned on, and the high pressure hydraulic oil on the first side passes through the first A damping element 615 (e.g., a damper plug) flows into the first control chamber 613 to drive the slide core 604 to slide to the right until the force acting on the slide core 604 is again in the equilibrium position.
  • the slide core 604 is returned to the intermediate position.
  • the first damping element 615 and the second damping element 616 can be various damping plugs.
  • the buffer control valve 60 may include: a liquid-controlled two-position three-way valve 69 having a first inlet 621, a second inlet 622, and control Mouth 623 and exit 624, a first inlet 621 of the liquid-controlled 3/2-way valve is connected to an outlet of the first relief valve 51, and a second inlet 622 of the liquid-controlled 2/2-way valve is connected to the second overflow An outlet of the flow valve 52, the outlet 624 of the pilot three-position three-way valve is directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator 11; the hydraulic control circuit further includes a shuttle valve 70, the shuttle valve There is a first inlet 701, a second inlet 702 and an outlet 703, a first inlet 701 of the shuttle valve is connected to the first side of the actuator 11, and a second inlet 702 of the shuttle valve is connected to the The second side of the actuator 11, the outlet
  • the first inlet 621, the second inlet 622, and the outlet 624 of the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 are turned on; at the first relief valve 51
  • the spool of the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 moves to the extreme position (left position shown in FIGS. 13 and 14), thereby allowing the flow through the
  • the hydraulic oil of the relief valve that is opened in the first relief valve 51 and the second relief valve 52 is throttled to the outlet 624 of the pilot three-position three-way valve.
  • the shuttle valve 70 provides a control signal to the pilot three-position three-way valve 69.
  • the first relief valve 51 is turned on.
  • the shuttle valve 70 directs the high pressure hydraulic oil to the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 via the third damping element 704 (such as a damping plug), thereby moving the spool of the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 from the initial position to The extreme position allows the high pressure hydraulic oil from the first relief valve 51 to flow to the second side of the actuator 11 via the throttling damping of the pilot three-position three-way valve 69.
  • the first relief valve 51 is closed, and the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 is restored from the extreme position to the initial position.
  • the buffer control valve 60 connected in series with the first relief valve 51 and the second relief valve 52 is directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator 11.
  • the outlet of the buffer control valve 60 may be directly connected to the first side of the actuator 11 and the first The two sides, or, preferably, the buffer circuit further includes a first one-way valve 61 and a second one-way valve 62, the outlet of the first one-way valve 61 being connected to the first side of the actuator 11
  • the outlet of the second one-way valve 62 is connected to the second side of the actuator 11, the inlets of the first one-way valve 61 and the second one-way valve 62 are in communication with each other; the buffer control valve The outlet of 60 is connected to the line between the inlet of the first one-way valve 61 and the inlet of the second one-way valve 62, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 13.
  • a hydraulic control circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention is provided, wherein the first relief valve 81 and the first and the relief valves having the opposite opening directions are integrated a one-way relief valve, the second relief valve 82 is a second one-way relief valve integrated with a check valve and a relief valve that open in opposite directions, and the buffer control valves 90, 92 are connected to the first A one-way relief valve and a second one-way relief valve.
  • the first relief valve 81 is The second relief valve 82 is a one-way relief valve integrated with a one-way valve and a relief valve, so that the hydraulic oil can pass through in sequence when the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined pressure.
  • the buffer control valve 90 is a hydraulically controlled three-position two-way valve, and the liquid-controlled three-position two-way valve has a first working port 901 and a second working port 902 and a first control port. 903 and the second control port 904, the first working port 901 of the hydraulic three-position two-way valve is connected to the outlet of the first one-way relief valve, and the third of the liquid control three-position two-way valve.
  • the second working port 902 is connected to the outlet of the second one-way relief valve, and the first control port 903 and the second control port 904 of the liquid-controlled three-position two-way valve are respectively connected to the first of the actuator 11 Side and second side;
  • the valve core of the hydraulic three-position two-way valve is in an initial position, The first working port 901 and the second working port 902 of the three-position two-way valve are connected;
  • the spool of the pilot three-position two-way valve moves to a corresponding An extreme position such that hydraulic oil of the relief valve of the one-way relief valve that is opened through the first one-way relief valve and the second one-way relief valve passes through the pilot three-position two-way valve A check valve flows through the one-way valve of the other one of the first one-way relief valve and the second one-way relief valve.
  • the relief valve of the first one-way relief valve When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the first side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined value, the relief valve of the first one-way relief valve is opened, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil on the first side causes the hydraulic control as the buffer control valve 90
  • the spool of the three-position two-way valve moves to the limit position of the valve port with a certain flow area, thereby allowing the first side hydraulic oil to pass through the first one-way relief valve (the overflow valve in the middle), and the hydraulic control three The two-way valve and the one-way valve in the second one-way relief valve flow to the second side of the actuator 11 to effect the damping pressure.
  • the relief valve of the second check valve When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the second side of the actuator 11 exceeds the predetermined pressure, the relief valve of the second check valve is turned on, thereby moving the spool of the pilot three-position two-way valve as the buffer control valve to The limit position, thereby allowing the hydraulic oil on the second side to flow through the relief valve in the second one-way relief valve, the three-way two-way valve in the hydraulic control, and the one-way valve in the first one-way relief valve to execute The first side of element 11 acts to achieve a cushioning pressure.
  • the buffer control valve 92 includes a hydraulically controlled 2/2-way valve having a first working port 921, a second working port 922, and a control port 923, a first working port 921 of the liquid-controlled 2/2-way valve is connected to an outlet of the first one-way relief valve, and a second inlet 922 of the liquid-controlled 2/2-way valve is connected to the second one-way overflow The outlet of the flow valve;
  • the hydraulic control circuit further includes a shuttle valve 91 having a first working port 911, a second inlet 912 and an outlet 913, the first working port 911 of the shuttle valve being connected to the actuator 11
  • the first side of the shuttle valve is connected to the second side of the actuator 11
  • the outlet 913 of the shuttle valve is connected to the pilot by a fourth damping element 914
  • the spool of the liquid-controlled two-position two-way valve moves to the limit a position such that hydraulic oil of the relief valve of the one-way relief valve that is opened through the first one-way relief valve and the second one-way relief valve passes through the section of the hydraulically controlled two-position valve A check valve that flows through the other one of the first one-way relief valve and the second one-way relief valve.
  • the relief valve of the first one-way relief valve is opened.
  • the shuttle valve 91 guides the high pressure hydraulic oil of the first side of the actuator 11 through the fourth damping element 914 (such as a damping plug) to the control port 923 of the hydraulic two-position two-way valve, thereby making the hydraulic control two positions.
  • the spool of the two-way valve moves from the initial position to the limit position, allowing the high-pressure hydraulic oil from the overflow valve of the first one-way relief valve to flow to the second through the throttling damping of the liquid-controlled two-position two-way valve
  • the one-way valve of the one-way relief valve flows to the second side of the actuator 11.
  • the relief valve of the second one-way relief valve is opened.
  • the shuttle valve 91 guides the high pressure hydraulic oil of the second side of the actuator 11 through the fourth damping element 914 (such as a damping plug) to the control port 923 of the hydraulic two-position two-way valve, thereby making the hydraulic control two positions.
  • the spool of the two-way valve moves from the initial position to the limit position, allowing the high-pressure hydraulic oil from the overflow valve of the second one-way relief valve to flow to the first through the throttle damping of the hydraulic two-position two-way valve
  • the one-way valve of the one-way relief valve flows to the first side of the actuator 11.
  • the second one-way relief valve The relief valve is closed, and the hydraulically controlled 2/2-way valve 69 is restored from the extreme position to the initial position.
  • the actuator 11 may be a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic control circuit is a swing control circuit.
  • the hydraulic pump may be a quantitative hydraulic pump.
  • a variable hydraulic pump can also be used as long as a certain supply flow rate is maintained within a predetermined working time interval.

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Abstract

一种液压控制回路,该液压控制回路包括具有旁通节流回路的方向控制阀(10)和与方向控制阀连接的执行元件(11),所述液压控制回路还包括阀(20),该阀串联在所述旁通节流回路中,从而在供应给方向控制阀的供油流量不变的情况下,保持流经执行元件的液压油的流量不变。由此,在液压泵供应给方向控制阀的液压油的流量不变的情况下,不管执行元件上承受的负载如何变化,都能够利用阀使流经执行元件的液压油的流量保持不变。因而,能够使执行元件在运行过程中保持相对稳定的运行速度,从而实现稳定的运行状态。

Description

液压控制回路 技术领域
本发明涉及液压控制领域, 具体地, 涉及一种具有旁通节流回路的液 压控制回路。 背景技术
在液压传动系统中, 通常还设置有速度控制回路, 以满足对执行元件 的运动速度的控制要求。 当前, 实现执行元件的运动速度的控制可以有多 种方式: 例如, 通过改变流量控制阀的通流截面来控制和调节进入或流出 执行元件的流量, 从而实现调速的节流调速回路; 通过改变液压泵或液压 马达的排量来实现调速的容积调速回路。 由于对于容积调速回路来说, 通 常需要使用变量液压泵, 从而会使成本升高, 因此应用较多的是节流调速 回路, 如利用节流阀的旁通节流回路或利用换向阀的换向阀调速回路。
例如, 图 1和图 2表示一种传统的液压控制回路, 图 3表示图 1和图 2 所示的液压控制回路中的方向控制阀 (即换向阀) 10。 如图 1、 图 2和图 3 所示, 该液压控制回路包括方向控制阀 10和与该方向控制阀 10相连的执 行元件 11 (如液压马达), 所述方向控制阀 10包括具有旁通入口 P'和旁通 出口 T'的旁通节流回路, 其中, 旁通入口 P'与进油口 P相通 (即液压泵的 工作液压油供应给方向控制阀 10的进油口 P和旁通入口 P' ), 旁通出口 T' 与油箱相通,所述旁通节流回路的通流截面随方向控制阀 10的开度而改变。
图 1 所示为所述液压控制回路在方向控制阀 10 处于中位时的工作状 态, 在该状态下, 方向控制阀 10的工作油口 (A口和 B口)、 进油口 P和 回油口 T均截止, 而旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'接通, 旁通节流回路 (基本 上) 不对流经旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'的油液产生节流作用。 此时, 执行 元件 11不动作, 来自于液压泵 (未显示) 的液压油通过旁通入口 P'和旁通 出口 T'流回油箱。
当方向控制阀 10从图 1所示的中位移动到图 2所示的左位时, 方向控 制阀 10的开度逐渐增大, 进油口 P与 A口相通, B口与回油口 T相通, 同 时旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'所形成的旁通节流回路的通流截面逐渐减小。 此时, 来自于液压泵的液压油的大部分依次流经进油口 P、 A口, 经过执行 元件 11并对该执行元件做功后, 再从 B口经过回油口 T而流回油箱。而来 自于液压泵的液压油小部分流经旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'经过节流作用后 流回油箱。
在系统的供油流量是一定的情况下, 执行元件 11的运行速度 (如果执 行元件 11为液压缸, 则执行元件 11 的运行速度是指该液压缸的活塞杆的 线性移动速度; 如果执行元件 11为液压马达, 则执行元件 11 的运行速度 是指液压马达的旋转速度)主要取决于系统负载以及方向控制阀 10的开度。
具体来说, 在负载一定的情况下, 如果方向控制阀 10的开度增大, 则 旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'所形成的旁通节流回路的通流截面减小, 因此, 作用于执行元件 11的液压油的流量增加, 而流经旁通节流回路的液压油的 流量减小, 从而使执行元件 11的运行速度加快; 反之, 在负载一定的情况 下, 如果方向控制阀 10的开度减小, 则旁通节流回路的通流截面增大, 因 此, 作用于执行元件 11的液压油的流量减小, 而流经旁通节流回路的液压 油的流量增大, 从而使执行元件 11的运行速度减慢。 通过上述过程, 利用 方向控制阀 10的旁通节流回路来实现对执行元件 11的速度控制。
而在开度一定的情况下, 如果系统负载增大, 则会导致系统液压油的 压力升高, 从而使流经旁通节流回路的液压油的流量增大, 但由于系统的 供油量是一定的,因此必然会导致作用于执行元件 11的液压油的流量减小, 从而使执行元件 11的运行速度减慢; 反之, 如果系统负载减小, 则会导致 系统液压油的压力降低, 从而使流经旁通节流回路的液压油的流量减小, 因此必然会导致作用于执行元件 11的液压油的流量增大, 从而使执行元件 11的运行速度加快。
通过以上分析可知, 影响执行元件 11的运行速度的主要因素为系统负 载和方向控制阀 10的开度, 换句话说, 作用于执行元件 11 的液压油的流 量的主要影响因素为系统负载和方向控制阀 10的开度。
因此, 这种液压控制回路具有如下缺陷。
在方向控制阀 10的阀芯从中位向左位 (或右位)移动, 以开始驱动执 行元件 11动作的过程中, 由于与执行元件 11连接的执行机构 (如工程车 辆的上车回转部分, 如转台等) 在动作前后存在静摩擦阻力和动摩擦阻力 的转换, 从而容易导致系统的负载出现突变, 进而导致作用于执行元件 11 的液压油的流量出现突变, 致使执行元件 11发生抖动。 而且, 执行元件的 静摩擦阻力和动摩擦阻力之间的差越大, 则这种抖动越剧烈。
而且, 在执行元件 11的正常运行过程中, 由于系统负载的变化, 基于 同样的原理, 也会导致作用于执行元件 11的液压油的流量出现突变, 从而 造成执行元件 11的抖动。
因此, 所述液压控制回路主要存在运行平稳性较差的缺陷。
通过以上分析可知, 造成上述缺陷的根本原因在于: 在系统的供油流 量一定的情况下, 除了方向控制阀 10的开度之外, 旁通节流回路中的流量 还受到系统负载的影响, 从而作用于执行元件 11的液压油的流量也受到系 统负载的影响, 进而在系统负载产生变化时出现执行元件 11运行不平稳的 问题。
因此, 如何提高所述液压控制回路的运行平稳性称为亟待解决的技术 问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种运行平稳性相对较高的液压控制回路。
为了实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种液压控制回路, 该液压控制回路 包括具有旁通节流回路的方向控制阀和与该方向控制阀连接的执行元件, 所述液压控制回路还包括阀, 该阀串联在所述旁通节流回路中, 从而在供 应给所述方向控制阀的供油流量不变的情况下, 保持流经所述执行元件的 液压油的流量不变。
优选地, 在所述执行元件所承受的负载增大时, 所述阀相应地减小该 阀的阀口的通流截面; 在所述执行元件所承受的负载减小时, 所述阀相应 地增大该阀的阀口的通流截面, 以使在所述方向控制阀具有恒定的开度的 情况下, 流经所述旁通节流回路的液压油的流量不变。
优选地, 所述液压控制回路还包括油箱, 所述阀为包括入口、 出口和 控制口的液控流量控制阀, 该液控流量控制阀的入口与所述方向控制阀的 旁通口连通, 所述液控流量控制阀的出口与所述油箱连通, 所述液控流量 控制阀的控制口与所述液压控制回路的系统压力直接或间接相连。
优选地, 所述液控流量控制阀的所述控制口与所述方向控制阀的进油 口直接连通。
优选地, 所述阀为电控调速阀、 液控调速阀或压力补偿阀。
优选地, 所述压力补偿阀包括: 阀体, 该阀体具有阀腔以及入口、 出 口和控制口; 阀芯, 该阀芯具有第一端部、 第二端部和连接该第一端部和 第二端部的连接部, 所述阀芯可移动地设置在所述阀腔中并将该阀腔分隔 为与所述第一端部相邻的第一腔室、 与所述第二端部相邻的第二腔室以及 位于所述第一端部和第二端部朝向彼此的侧面之间且围绕所述连接部的通 流空间, 该通流空间与所述入口和出口相通, 所述控制口与所述第二腔室 相通, 从而流经所述控制口进入所述第二腔室的液压油能够对所述阀芯的 第二端部施加液压力; 和弹性元件, 该弹性元件位于所述第一腔室内, 以 对所述阀芯的第一端部施加弹性压力, 所述阀芯中还设置有连通所述通流 空间和所述第一腔室的通道。
优选地, 所述阀体包括中空的主体和可拆卸地装配到该主体两端的第 一端盖和第二端盖, 所述弹性元件位于所述第一端盖和所述阀芯的第一端 部的端面之间, 所述控制口设置在所述第二端盖上, 所述通道中设置有第 一阻尼塞和 /或所述控制口中设置有第二阻尼塞。
优选地, 所述方向控制阀为具有所述进油口 P、 回油口 τ、 两个工作油 口 Α, Β以及构成所述旁通节流回路的旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'的阀, 所 述进油口 Ρ和旁通入口 P'均与系统压力连通, 所述工作油口 Α, Β分别与 所述执行元件 11连通, 所述旁通出口 T'与所述阀连通。
优选地, 所述液压控制回路还包括与该执行元件并联的缓冲回路, 该 缓冲回路包括溢流阀和与该溢流阀串联连接的缓冲控制阀, 在所述溢流阀 不接通时, 所述缓冲控制阀的阀芯处于初始位置, 该缓冲控制阀的阀口打 开, 其特征在于, 在所述溢流阀接通且所述缓冲控制阀的阀芯处于极限位 置时, 该缓冲控制阀的阀口的通流面积小于阀口打开时的通流面积且不完 全关闭。
优选地, 所述溢流阀包括第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀, 该第一溢流阀的 入口连接于所述执行元件的第一侧, 所述第二溢流阀的入口连接于所述执 行元件的第二侧; 所述缓冲控制阀分别与所述第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀串 联连接并直接或间接地连接到所述执行元件的第一侧和第二侧。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀具有第一入口、 第二入口以及所述出口, 所 述第一溢流阀的出口与所述缓冲控制阀的第一入口连接, 所述第二溢流阀 的出口与所述缓冲控制阀的第二入口连接, 其中, 在所述第一溢流阀和第 二溢流阀均未接通时, 所述缓冲控制阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述第一入 口、 第二入口和出口接通; 在所述第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀中的一个接通 时, 所述缓冲控制阀的阀芯移动到对应的极限位置, 从而使流经所述第一 溢流阀和第二溢流阀中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所述出口。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀包括: 缓冲阀体, 该缓冲阀体具有空腔以及 与该空腔相通的所述第一入口、 第二入口以及出口; 作为所述缓冲控制阀 的阀芯的滑芯, 该滑芯具有第一端部、 第二端部和连接该第一端部和第二 端部的连接部, 所述滑芯可移动地设置在所述空腔中并在该空腔中限定有 位于所述第一端部和第二端部朝向彼此的侧面之间且围绕所述连接部的通 流腔, 该通流腔与所述出口相通, 所述第一入口通过设置在所述第一端部 朝向第二端部的侧面上的第一节流槽而与所述流通腔连通, 所述第二入口 能够通过设置在所述第二端部朝向第一端部的侧面上的第二节流槽而与所 述流通腔连通, 并且所述滑芯的行程 L2小于所述第一节流槽和第二节流槽 沿所述滑芯纵向方向的长度 L1。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀为液控换向阀, 所述空腔还被所述滑芯分隔 为与所述第一端部相邻的第一控制腔和与所述第二端部相邻的第二控制 腔, 所述第一控制腔通过第一阻尼元件连接于所述执行元件的所述第一侧, 所述第二控制腔通过第二阻尼元件连接于所述执行元件的所述第二侧。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀包括液控二位三通阀, 该液控二位三通阀具 有第一入口、 第二入口、 控制口和出口, 所述液控二位三通阀的第一入口 连接于所述第一溢流阀的出口, 所述液控二位三通阀的第二入口连接于所 述第二溢流阀的出口, 所述液控二位三通阀的出口直接或间接地连接到执 行元件的第一侧和第二侧; 所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀, 该梭阀具有第 一入口、 第二入口和出口, 所述梭阀的第一入口连接于所述执行元件的所 述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口连接于所述执行元件的所述第二侧, 所述 梭阀的出口通过第三阻尼元件而连接于所述液控二位三通阀的所述控制 口, 其中, 在所述第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀均不接通时, 所述液控二位三 通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位三通阀的所述第一入口、 第二入 口和出口接通; 在所述第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀中的一个接通时, 所述液 控二位三通阀的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使流经所述第一溢流阀和第二 溢流阀中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所述液控二位三通阀的出 □。 优选地, 所述缓冲回路还包括第一单向阀和第二单向阀, 该第一单向 阀的出口连接于所述执行元件的所述第一侧, 所述第二单向阀的出口连接 于所述执行元件的所述第二侧, 所述第一单向阀和第二单向阀的入口彼此 相通; 所述缓冲控制阀的出口连接于所述第一单向阀的入口和第二单向阀 的入口之间的管路上。
优选地, 所述第一溢流阀和为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢流阀 的第一单向溢流阀, 所述第二溢流阀为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢 流阀的第二单向溢流阀, 所述缓冲控制阀连接在该第一单向溢流阀和第二 单向溢流阀之间。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀为液控三位二通阀, 该液控三位二通阀具有 第一工作口和第二工作口以及第一控制口和第二控制口, 所述液控三位二 通阀的所述第一工作口连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控三位 二通阀的第二工作口连接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控三位二 通阀的第一控制口和第二控制口分别连接到所述执行元件的第一侧和第二 侧; 其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述三位二通阀的 所述第一工作口和第二工作口接通; 在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢 流阀中的一个单向溢流阀的溢流阀接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯移 动到对应的极限位置, 从而使通过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀 中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的液压油经过所述液控三位二通阀的节流而 流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向 阀。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀包括液控二位二通阀, 该液控二位二通阀具 有第一工作口、 第二工作口和控制口, 所述液控二位二通阀的第一工作口 连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控二位二通阀的第二工作口连 接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口; 所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀, 该梭阀 具有第一入口、 第二入口和出口, 所述梭阀的第一入口连接于所述执行元 件的所述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口连接于所述执行元件的所述第二侧, 所述梭阀的出口通过第四阻尼元件而连接于所述液控二位二通阀的所述控 制口, 其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀 均不接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位二 通阀的所述第一工作口和第二工作口接通; 在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二 单向溢流阀中的任一个单向溢流阀的溢流阀接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀 的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使通过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流 阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的液压油经过所述液控二位二通阀的节流 而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单 向阀。
优选地, 所述执行元件为液压马达, 该液压控制回路为回转控制回路。 通过上述技术方案, 在液压泵供应给方向控制阀的液压油的流量 (即 系统液压油的流量)不变的情况下, 不管执行元件上承受的负载如何变化, 都能够利用阀使流经执行元件的液压油的流量 (基本上)保持不变。 因而, 能够使执行元件在运行过程中保持相对稳定的运行速度, 从而实现稳定的 运行状态。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说 明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明, 但并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中:
图 1和图 2是传统的液压控制回路的示意图; 图 3是图 1和图 2中方向控制阀的示意图;
图 4至图 6分别是根据本发明的不同实施方式的液压控制回路的示意 图;
图 7为图 6中液压控制回路的阀 20与方向控制阀 10的连接关系的示 意图;
图 8为图 7中阀 20的一种具体结构的示意图;
图 9为具有传统缓冲回路的液压控制回路的示意图;
图 10为具有改进的缓冲回路的液压控制回路的示意图;
图 11为图 10中的缓冲控制阀的示意图;
图 12为图 11中缓冲控制阀的一种具体结构的示意图;
图 13为具有另一种改进的缓冲回路的液压控制回路的示意图; 图 14为图 13中缓冲控制阀的示意图;
图 15为具有再一种改进的缓冲回路的液压控制回路的示意图; 和 图 16为还一种改进的缓冲回路的示意图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是, 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限制本发 明。
如图 4、 图 5和图 6所示, 本发明所提供的液压控制回路包括: 具有旁 通节流回路的方向控制阀 10和与该方向控制阀 10连接的执行元件 11, 其 中, 所述液压控制回路还包括阀 20, 该阀 20串联在所述旁通节流回路中, 从而在供应给所述方向控制阀 10的液压油的流量不变的情况下, 流经所述 执行元件 11的液压油的流量也保持不变。 此外, 上述液压控制回路还可包 括油箱 (未显示) 和液压泵 (未显示), 所述液压泵与所述油箱连接并通过 所述方向控制阀 10而与所述执行元件 11连接, 方向控制阀 10的旁通节流 回路则与油箱连接。
按照该技术方案, 在液压泵供应给方向控制阀 10的液压油的流量(即 系统液压油的流量) 不变的情况下, 不管执行元件 11上承受的负载如何变 化, 都能够利用阀 20使流经执行元件 11 的液压油的流量 (基本上) 保持 不变。 因而, 能够使执行元件 11在运行过程中保持相对稳定的运行速度, 从而实现稳定的运行状态, 实现本发明的目的。
在方向控制阀 10的开度一定的情况下, 如果系统负载增大, 则会导致 系统液压油的压力升高。 对于图 1 中所示的传统的液压回路来说, 流经旁 通节流回路的液压油的流量增大, 但由于系统的供油量是一定的, 因此必 然会导致作用于执行元件 11 的液压油的流量减小, 从而使执行元件 11 的 运行速度减慢;但是对于如图 4、图 5和图 6所示的本发明的液压回路来说, 可以利用阀 20控制流经旁通节流回路的液压油的流量保持不变, 从而能确 保作用于执行元件 11的液压油的流量保持不变。
对应地, 在方向控制阀 10的开度一定的情况下, 如果系统负载减小, 则会导致系统液压油的压力降低。对于图 1中所示的传统的液压回路来说, 则会使流经旁通节流回路的液压油的流量减小, 因此必然会导致作用于执 行元件 11 的液压油的流量增大, 从而使执行元件 11 的运行速度加快; 但 是对于如图 4、 图 5和图 6所示的本发明的液压回路来说, 可以利用阀 20 控制流经旁通节流回路的液压油的流量保持不变, 从而能确保作用于执行 元件 11的液压油的流量保持不变。
通过以上分析可知, 利用本发明的技术方案, 供应给所述方向控制阀 10的液压油的流量不变的情况下,执行元件 11的运行速度的主要因素基本 上主要取决于方向控制阀 10的开度, 而基本上不会受到系统负载的影响。 因此, 即使在运行过程中系统的负载出现较大或急剧的变化, 本发明的液 压控制回路也能够保证执行元件 11具有相对稳定的运行速度。
根据本发明的技术方案, 利用串联在旁通节流回路中的阀 20, 当所述 执行元件 11所承受的负载增大时, 所述阀 20相应地减小该阀的阀口的通 流截面; 在所述执行元件 11所承受的负载减小时, 所述阀 20相应地增大 该阀的阀口的通流截面, 以使在所述方向控制阀 10具有恒定的开度的情况 下, 流经所述旁通节流回路的液压油的流量 (基本) 不变。
这是因为, 例如当执行元件 11所承受的负载增大时, 系统压力增大, 系统压力的增大将推动阀 20的阀芯移动而减小其通流面积, 因此阀 20入 口的压力会上升直到阀 20 的阀芯受力重新达到平衡, 这样方向控制阀 10 的供油口和阀 20入口之间的压差基本保持不变, 从而使液压油经过旁通口 的流量也基本不变。 类似地, 当执行元件 11所承受的负载减小时, 系统压 力减小, 系统压力的减小将推动阀 20的阀芯移动而增大其通流面积, 因此 阀 20的入口压力会下降直到阀 20的阀芯受力重新达到平衡, 这样方向控 制阀 10的供油口和阀 20的入口之间的压差基本保持不变, 从而使液压油 经过旁通口的流量也基本不变。
因此, 不管系统负载如何变化, 由于流经旁通节流回路的液压油的流 量基本保持不变, 且系统流量能够保持一定, 因此供应给所述方向控制阀 10的液压油的流量是基本不变的, 因此通过方向控制阀 10的工作油口 (A 口或 B口)作用到执行元件 11的液压油的流量(该流量等于供应给所述方 向控制阀 10的液压油的流量减去流经旁通节流回路的液压油的流量)也能 够保持不变, 这样便可以实现用于执行元件的进油流量与负载变化无关, 而只由方向控制阀 10的阀芯的开度 (即旁通口的通流面积) 决定, 本发明 中旁通口的通流面积与阀芯 22的开度基本呈线性关系, 因此进油流量与阀 芯 22的开度也有较好的线性关系, 以实现本发明的目的。
如上所述的 "执行元件 11的运行速度的主要因素基本上主要取决于方 向控制阀 10的开度, 而基本上不会受到系统负载的影响" 以及 "在所述方 向控制阀 10具有恒定的开度的情况下, 流经所述旁通节流回路的液压油的 流量不变"等描述, 并非绝对意义上的含义, 而是指在工业应用中的通常 含义。例如, 执行元件 11的运行速度的影响因素主要取决于方向控制阀 10 的开度, 而不是绝对地不受系统负载的影响, 只是系统负载对执行元件的 运行速度的影响程度相对较轻, 或者在工业实践中可以达到可以忽略的程 度。 再如, "在所述方向控制阀 10具有恒定的开度的情况下, 流经所述旁 通节流回路的液压油的流量不变"并非是指 "流经旁通节流回路的液压油 的流量"绝对不变, 而是指可能不变, 或者即使有所变化, 该变化也可以 忽略不计。
能够实现本发明的技术方案的阀 20可以具有多种形式。例如,优选地, 所述阀可以为包括入口、 出口和控制口的液控流量控制阀, 该液控流量控 制阀的入口与所述方向控制阀 10的旁通口连通, 在所述液压控制回路包括 油箱的情况下, 所述液控流量控制阀的出口与所述油箱连通, 所述液控流 量控制阀的控制口与所述液压控制回路的系统压力直接或间接相连, 从而 能够通过液压控制回路的系统压力直接或间接地对液控流量控制阀的通流 截面进行控制。
优选地, 所述液控流量控制阀的所述控制口与所述方向控制阀的进油 口直接连通。
再如, 如图 4、 图 5和图 6所示, 阀 20可以为电控调速阀 21、 液控调 速阀 22或压力补偿阀 23。
电控调速阀 21可以包括电控压力补偿阀和节流阀。 电控调速阀 21可 以利用合适的传感器采集进油口 P处的系统压力(如方向控制阀 10的先导 腔内液压油的压力) 并转化为电信号, 进而根据该电信号来控制节流阀的 通流截面。
液控调速阀 22可以包括液控压力补偿阀和节流阀。 与电控调速阀 21 类似, 该液控调速阀 22可以采集进油口 P处的系统压力 (如引入方向控制 阀 10 的先导腔的液压油压力), 或者由与表示系统压力的电信号相对应的 液压压力来控制, 进而来调节节流阀的通流截面。 另外, 阀 20也可以为压力补偿阀 23 (如图 6所示)。 类似地, 该压力 补偿阀 23能够根据系统压力而动作。 与图 4和图 5中的电控调速阀 21和 液控调速阀 22相比, 图 6中的压力补偿阀 23缺少了节流阀。 但是, 无论 何种实施方式, 都能够实现本发明的目的。 换句话说, 无论采用何种实施 方式,只要能够在系统流量不变的情况下使方向控制阀 10的供油口和阀 20 入口之间的压差基本保持不变, 就可以实现用于执行元件的进油流量与负 载变化无关, 而只由方向控制阀 10的阀芯的开度 (即旁通口的通流面积) 决定。
压力补偿阀 23可以为电控的或液控的, 在常用的流量控制阀中可以有 多种选择。 但优选地, 该压力补偿阀 23为液控压力补偿阀, 例如, 该液控 压力补偿阀 23的控制端可以直接连接于进油口 P口, 从而能够受到系统油 压的直接控制, 如图 6所示。
压力补偿阀 23的具体结构可以有多种形式。 优选地, 如图 7和图 8所 示, 压力补偿阀 23包括: 阀体 30, 该阀体 30具有阀腔 31 以及与该阀腔 31相通的入口 32、 出口 33和控制口 34; 阀芯 35, 该阀芯 35具有第一端 部 351、第二端部 352和连接该第一端部 351和第二端部 352的连接部 353, 所述阀芯 35可移动地设置在所述阀腔 31中并将该阀腔 31分隔为与所述第 一端部 351相邻的第一腔室 41、与所述第二端部 352相邻的第二腔室 42以 及位于所述第一端部 351和第二端部 352朝向彼此的侧面之间且围绕所述 连接部 353的通流空间 40, 该通流空间 40与所述入口 32和出口 33相通, 所述控制口 34与所述第二腔室 42相通, 从而流经所述控制口 34进入所述 第二腔室 42的液压油能够对所述阀芯 35的第二端部 352施加液压力; 和 弹性元件 36, 该弹性元件 36位于所述第一腔室 41内, 以对所述阀芯 35的 第一端部 351施加弹性压力,所述阀芯 35中还设置有连通所述通流空间 40 和所述第一腔室 41的通道 43。
如上所述, 压力补偿阀 23串联在旁通节流回路中, 如图 8所示, 来自 于方向控制阀 10的旁通出口 T'的液压油经过该压力补偿阀 23的入口 32进 入阀腔 31的通流空间 40中,进而经过该通流空间 40而流到压力补偿阀 23 的出口 33, 再流回油箱。通过在阀芯 35的所述第二端部 352的朝向所述第 一端部 351的侧面上设置有节流槽 354, 从而实现该压力补偿阀 23的流量 调节作用。 节流槽 354可以为一条, 也可以为多条。 当然, 可以选择节流 槽 354之外的结构, 例如, 可以在所述第二端部 352的朝向所述第一端部 351的侧面上设置斜面结构等。关于这一点可以根据具体的应用场合而加以 计算选择。
所述弹性元件 36可以为各种合适的弹性件, 如弹簧, 还可以为橡胶件 等。
在运行过程中, 对应于系统压力的控制液压油通过控制口 34 (例如, 该控制口 34可以与方向控制阀 10的先导腔连通) 进入第二腔室 42, 从而 对阀芯 35的第二端部 352施加液压力, 而在另一端, 弹性元件 36对阀芯 35的第一端部 351施加弹性压力。
在方向控制阀 10具有一定开度的情况下, 如果系统负载增大, 则使施 加到第二端部 352的液压力也增大, 从而打破阀芯 35的力平衡状态, (以 图 8所示的方位为例来描述) 驱动阀芯 35 向右移动, 直到作用到阀芯 35 的液压力与弹性压力再次处于平衡状态为止。因此, 由于阀芯 35向右偏移, 从而使通流空间 40与出口 33之间的通流截面减小, 以使流经方向控制阀 10的旁通出口 T'的液压油的流量基本保持不变 (这是因为如上所述当系统 压力增大时, 能够实现方向控制阀 10的供油口和阀 20的入口之间的压差 基本保持不变)。 由于液压泵供应给方向控制阀 10 的液压油的流量是不变 的, 因此通过方向控制阀 10的工作油口 (Α口或 Β口)供应到执行元件 11 的液压油的流量也能保持不变。
对应地, 如果系统负载减小, 则施加到第二端部 352 的液压力减小, 从而打破阀芯 35的力平衡状态, 驱动阀芯 35向左移动 (以图 8所示的方 位为例来描述), 直到作用到阀芯 35 上的液压力与弹性压力再次处于平衡 状态为止。 因此, 由于阀芯 35向左偏移, 从而使通流空间 40与出口 33之 间的通流截面增大, 以使流经方向控制阀 10的旁通出口 T'的液压油的流量 基本保持不变 (这是因为如上所述当系统压力增大时, 能够实现方向控制 阀 10的供油口和阀 20的入口之间的压差基本保持不变), 由于液压泵供应 给方向控制阀 10的液压油的流量是不变的, 因此通过方向控制阀 10的工 作油口 (A口或 B口) 供应到执行元件 11的液压油的流量也能保持不变。
优选地, 如图 8所示, 所述阀体 30包括中空的主体 300和可拆卸地装 配到该主体 300两端的第一端盖 301和第二端盖 302, 所述弹性元件 36位 于所述第一端盖 301和所述阀芯 35的第一端部 351的端面之间, 所述控制 口 34设置在所述第二端盖 302上, 所述通道 43中设置有第一阻尼塞 39和 /或所述控制口 34中设置有第二阻尼塞 38。
压力补偿阀 23可以为包括阀体 30、第一端盖 301和第二端盖 302的组 合阀的形式。 但本发明并不限于此种形式, 例如, 压力补偿阀 23可以包括 阀体和一个端盖。
通过将压力补偿阀 23 设置为组合阀的形式, 能够便于压力补偿阀 23 的装配和维护。 例如, 优选地, 可以调节弹性元件 36的弹性系数, 从而能 够调节压力补偿阀 23的工作特性。具体来说, 如图 8所示, 可以在阀体 30 中设置调节螺钉 37, 该调节螺钉 37穿过第一端盖 301并与所述弹性元件 36接触。 通过旋转调节螺钉 37, 能够实现对弹性元件 36 (如弹簧) 的弹性 系数的调节。
另外, 通过设置第一阻尼塞 39, 能够缓冲从通流空间 40到第一腔室 41的液压油的冲击, 确保阀芯 35具有相对稳定的工作环境。通过设置第二 阻尼塞 38,能够使进入控制口 34的压力相对较高的液压油较为缓和地进入 第二腔室 42中, 从而确保阀芯 35的动作较为平缓。 这些特征都能有利于 使压力补偿阀 23处于相对理想的工作状态之中。 此外, 压力补偿阀 23并不限于图 7和图 8所示的具体结构形式, 而是 在能够实现该压力补偿阀 23功能的基础之上选择其他合适的结构形式。
以上参考图 4至图 8对本发明所提供的优选实施方式进行了详细地描 述, 具体解释了本发明的技术方案如何使作用于执行元件 11的液压油的流 量基本保持不变, 从而使执行元件 11具有相对稳定的工作状态。
而且,在运行过程中,如果执行元件 11所承受的系统负载突然变化时, 执行元件 11的运行速度也同样能够保持基本不变。
此外, 通常情况下, 对于图 1和图 2所示的传统的液压控制回路, 如 果方向控制阀 10的开度较小, 则来自于液压泵的系统液压油的大部分通过 方向控制阀 10的旁通节流回路流向油箱, 而系统液压油的少部分则通过方 向控制阀 10流向执行元件 11。 因此, 在方向控制阀 10的开度较小时, 执 行元件 11的驱动能力相对较小, 从而不能驱动相对较重的系统负载。
然而, 对于图 4至图 6所示的本发明的液压控制回路来说, 即便是在 方向控制阀 10 的开度较小的情况下, 当系统负载较重时, 利用所述阀 20 能够实现系统液压油的大部分仍然能够流向执行元件 11。 因此, 执行元件 11的驱动能力仍然较强, 从而依然能够驱动相对较重的系统负载。
优选地, 在本发明的技术方中, 所述方向控制阀 10为具有所述进油口 P、 回油口 T、 两个工作油口 Α, Β以及构成所述旁通节流回路的旁通入口 Ρ,和旁通出口 Τ,的阀(如三位六通阀),所述进油口 Ρ和旁通入口 Ρ,均与系 统压力 (如所述液压泵所泵压的系统液压油) 连通, 所述工作油口 Α, Β 分别与所述执行元件 11连通, 所述回油口 Τ与所述油箱连通, 所述旁通出 口 T'与所述阀 20连通, 进而与所述油箱连通。
优选情况下, 在上述液压控制回路中, 还设计有与执行元件 11并联的 缓冲回路 100, 如图 10、 图 13、 图 15和图 16所示。 具体来说, 该缓冲回 路 100包括溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82和与该溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82串联连 接的缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92, 所述液压控制回路的执行元件 11的进油路通 过所述溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82和缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92而与所述液压控 制回路的执行元件 11的回油路连接,从而实现缓冲回路 100与执行元件 11 的并联, 在所述溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82不接通时, 所述缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯处于初始位置, 该缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀口打开, 其中, 在 所述溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82接通且所述缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯处 于极限位置时, 该缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀口的通流面积小于阀口打开 时的通流面积且不完全关闭。
当执行元件 11正常工作时, 在液压控制回路中, 系统液压油从执行元 件 11的进油路进入执行元件 11中, 驱动执行元件 11做功后, 再从执行元 件 11 的回油路流回油箱。 因此, 通常在运行过程中, 执行元件 11 的进油 路中液压油的压力相对较高, 而执行元件 11的回油路中液压油的压力相对 较低。 当系统负载突然变化时 (例如, 系统启动或制动时, 或者执行元件
11的载荷突然增大时), 执行元件 11的进油路中液压油的压力也会发生突 然增大。 在这种情况下, 如果进油路中液压油的压力超过预定的压力, 则 缓冲回路中的溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82会从截至状态转变为接通状态, 进而 通过与该溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82连接的缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92而受控制 地流到执行元件 11的回油路中, 从而起到缓冲冲击的作用。
在本发明所提供的技术方案中, 当执行元件 11的进油路中液压油的压 力超过预定压力时, 所述溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82接通, 从而允许进油路中 压力过高的液压油通过接通的溢流阀流到缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92, 由于此 时缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯处于阀口打开的初始位置, 因而能够迅速 流向执行元件 11 的回油路。 同时, 所述缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯从 初始位置向极限位置移动, 从而对流经缓冲控制阀的液压油进行控制。 当 缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯处于极限位置时, 该缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92 的阀口的通流面积小于阀口打开时的通流面积且不完全关闭。 因此, 只要 溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82没有截至, 即便是缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯 到达极限位置, 执行元件 11的进油路中压力过大的液压油仍然能够通过该 缓冲回路而流到压力相对较小的回油路中, 从而获得更好的缓冲效果。
执行元件 11可以为多种执行元件, 例如各种活塞缸或液压马达等。 针 对不同的执行元件, 执行元件 11的进油路与回油路有所不同。
例如, 对于单作用活塞缸的执行元件来说, 单作用活塞缸的进油路和 回油路通常是不变的。 也就是说, 单作用活塞缸与液压泵相连的油路通常 为进油路, 而与油缸相连的油路通常为回油路。
但是, 对于其他类型的执行元件来说, 执行元件的进油路和回油路则 是可以相互转换的, 例如双作用活塞缸或能够在两个旋转方向上驱动的液 压马达。 例如, 在本说明书的图 10、 图 13、 图 15和图 16中, 执行元件 11 为液压马达, 其中 A侧可以为进油路, 则 B侧为回油路; 或者 B侧可以为 进油路, 而 A侧为回油路。
虽然本发明说明书附图中主要以液压马达为例加以描述说明, 但本发 明的技术方案对上述各种执行元件的应用场合均可适用。
由于双作用液压缸和液压马达的应用场合更为广泛, 因此, 在优选情 况下, 当所述执行元件 11的第一侧 (A侧) 的液压油的压力超过预定压力 值时, 该缓冲回路 100 能够允许该第一侧的液压油受控制地流向所述执行 元件 11的第二侧 (B侧)。 这里所说的执行元件 11的第一侧和第二侧仅用 于区别执行元件 11 的两侧, 其中第一侧可以指执行元件 11 的任意一侧, 而第二侧则是指执行元件 11的与所述第一侧相对的另一侧。 换句话说, 第 一侧为进油路的进油侧时, 则第二侧为回油路的回油侧; 第一侧为回油路 的回油侧时, 第二侧为进油路的进油侧。
利用该缓冲回路 100,当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力过大时, 即超过预定压力值时, 则为了缓冲该较大的液压油的压力, 允许该第一侧 的液压油受控制地流向执行元件 11 的另一侧 (即第二侧), 从而起到缓冲 较高压力的作用, 避免对液压控制回路的安全运行造成损害。 同时, 所谓 的 "受控制地" 的含义为缓冲回路并不能总是保持执行元件 11的第一侧与 第二侧的相连通, 而是在执行元件 11某侧压力超过预定压力值时, 缓冲回 路允许执行元件 11的第一侧和第二侧相连通, 从而使部分液压油通过缓冲 回路 100在第一侧和第二侧之间流动, 而使较高压力下降到预定值后, 再 将执行元件 11 的第一侧和第二侧断开, 从而使执行元件 11具有足够的驱 动负载能力。
因此, 利用本发明所提供的技术方案, 如果由于系统负载的突然变化 而导致执行元件 11某一侧的液压油的压力的突然变化,则通过缓冲回路 100 能够将执行元件 11 的压力较高一侧的液压油可控制地引导到压力较低一 侧, 从而实现对液压控制回路中液压油压力变化的缓冲。
如上所述, 传统的液压控制回路的缓冲回路 100'中的缓冲控制阀 60' 在阀芯处于极限位置时阀口完全关闭。 而在本发明所提供的技术方案中, 即便缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯移动到极限位置, 缓冲控制阀 60的阀口不是完 全关闭, 而是保留有预定的通流截面, 从而仍然允许液压油从压力相对较 高的一侧流向压力相对较低的一侧, 以仍然保持有合适的缓冲作用, 因此 在运动过程中也能对压力峰值起到过滤作用, 具有更好的缓冲效果。
缓冲回路 100可以通过多种方式来实现。 在本发明中, 提供了多种缓 冲回路 100 的优选的实施方式。 下面将结合附图分别就各种缓冲回路 100 的优选的实施方式进行描述。
优选地, 为了更好地控制流经该缓冲回路 100的液压油, 如图 10、 图 13所示, 所述缓冲回路 100包括: 第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52, 该第 一溢流阀 51 的入口连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第一侧, 所述第二溢流 阀 52的入口连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第二侧; 所述缓冲控制阀 60分 别与所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52串联连接, 并且直接或间接地连 接到执行元件 11的第一侧和第二侧。
为了适应于执行元件 11在两个方向运行的状况, 所述溢流阀包括第一 溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52, 并且分别连接于执行元件 11的第一侧和第二 侧, 从而当执行元件 11的作为进油路的任一侧中液压油的压力超过预定压 力时, 对应的溢流阀打开 (第一侧的液压油压力超过预定压力时, 第一溢 流阀 51打开; 第二侧的液压油的压力超过预定压力时, 第二溢流阀 52打 开), 然后压力过大的液压油再通过缓冲控制阀 60而流到作为回油路的另 一侧中, 从而起到减缓冲击的作用。
如上所述, 当缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯到达极限位置时, 仍然允许液压油 以相对小的流量流过, 从而获得更好的缓冲效果。
缓冲控制阀 60可以具有多种形式。 例如, 缓冲控制阀 60可以为电控 方向控制阀、 液控方向控制阀或手动方向控制阀。
优选地, 如图 10和图 11所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 60具有第一入口 601、 第二入口 602以及所述出口 603, 所述第一溢流阀 51的出口与缓冲控制阀 60的第一入口 601连接, 所述第二溢流阀 52的出口与所述缓冲控制阀 60 的第二入口 602连接, 其中, 在所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52均未 接通时, 所述缓冲控制阀 60位于初始位置, 所述第一入口 601、 第二入口 602和出口 603接通;在所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52中的一个接通 时, 所述缓冲控制阀 60移动到对应的极限位置 (即图 10中缓冲控制阀 60 的阀芯移动到左位或右位), 从而使流经所述第一溢流阀 51 和第二溢流阀 52中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所述出口 603。
参考图 10,图 10中所示的缓冲回路 100与图 9中缓冲回路 100'的区别 主要在于缓冲控制阀 60的原理和结构。
如上所述, 对于图 9的实施方式来说, 当例如来自于执行元件 11的第 一侧的压力超过预定压力值的液压油作用于缓冲控制阀 60'的阀芯并使阀 芯处于左位时, 缓冲控制阀 60'完全断开, 从而不再允许执行元件 11 的第 一侧的液压油流向第二侧。
然而, 对于图 10的实施方式来说, 当例如来自于执行元件 11 的第一 侧的高压液压油使缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯位于右位时, 与图 9的实施方式中 的缓冲控制阀 60'完全断开不同, 在图 10的实施方式中, 缓冲控制阀 60仍 然允许流经第一溢流阀 51的液压油通过该缓冲控制阀 60,从而获得更好的 缓冲效果。 优选地, 如图 10和图 11所示, 当缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯位于左 位和右位时, 缓冲控制阀 60的第一入口 601和出口 603之间阀口以及第二 入口 602和出口 603之间的阀口并未完全关闭, 而是通过节流槽而允许液 压油流过对应的阀口。
按照图 10的实施方式, 由于当缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯在左位或右位的 极限位置时仍然具有通流截面, 允许液压油在节流作用下流过, 因此当执 行元件 11不但在启动和制动过程中能够缓冲执行元件 11两侧液压油的较 高压力的冲击, 还能够缓冲执行元件 11在运行过程中所产生的压力冲击, 从而获得比传统的液压控制回路中缓冲回路更好的缓冲效果。
具体来说, 如图 10所示, 当执行元件 11 的第一侧的液压油的压力超 过预定值时, 第一溢流阀 51接通, 从而允许该第一侧的液压油流向缓冲控 制阀 60的入口, 此时缓冲控制阀 60仍然处于初始位置, 缓冲控制阀 60是 连通的。 然后, 该液压油在该缓冲控制阀 60 的控制下再从缓冲控制阀 60 的出口流出, 而流向执行元件 11的第二侧并流回油箱, 这样一部分液压油 通过缓冲回路 100流回油箱, 避免其全部供给执行元件 11, 从而起到缓冲 作用。 同时, 执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油作用为控制油推动缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯向左移动, 流经缓冲控制阀 60的液压油逐渐减少, 当阀芯移到左 位时, 缓冲控制阀 60仍然保留有缩小的通流面积, 从而继续允许少量的液 压油流回油箱, 起到缓冲作用。 另外, 当第一侧的液压油的压力降低到预 定值以下时, 则第一溢流阀 51关闭, 从而不再允许执行元件 11 的第一侧 的液压油通过缓冲回路 100流向执行元件 11的第二侧。
当执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力超过预定值时 (此时, 第二侧 为高压侧), 则相应地第二溢流阀 52接通, 从而允许该第二侧的液压油通 过缓冲控制阀 60而流向第一侧。 而当第二侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值 以下时, 第二溢流阀 52关闭。 该过程与上述执行元件 11 的第一侧的液压 油的压力超过预定值的情形类似, 因此不再详细描述。
用于图 10的实施方式的缓冲控制阀 60可以具有多种结构形式。 优选 地, 如图 11和图 12所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 60包括: 缓冲阀体 200, 该缓 冲阀体 200具有空腔 201以及与该空腔 201相通的所述第一入口 601、第二 入口 602以及出口 603; 作为所述缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯的滑芯 604, 该滑 芯 604具有第一端部 605、第二端部 606和连接该第一端部和第二端部的连 接部 607,所述滑芯 604可移动地设置在所述空腔 201中并在该空腔 201中 限定有位于所述第一端部 605和第二端部 606朝向彼此的侧面之间且围绕 所述连接部 607的通流腔 608, 该通流腔 608与所述出口 603相通, 所述第 一入口 601 通过设置在所述第一端部朝向第二端部的侧面上的第一节流槽 611而与所述流通腔 608连通,所述第二入口 602能够通过设置在所述第二 端部朝向第一端部的侧面上的第二节流槽 612而与所述流通腔 608连通, 并且所述滑芯 604的行程 L2小于所述第一节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612沿 所述滑芯纵向方向的长度 Ll。
如图 12所示, 缓冲控制阀 60的第一入口 601通过第一节流槽 611、流 通腔 608而与出口 603连通, 并且通过第一节流槽 611实现节流作用。 类 似地, 缓冲控制阀 60的第二入口 602通过第二节流槽 612、 流通腔 608而 与出口 603连通, 并且通过第二节流槽 612实现节流作用。
另外, 图 12所示的缓冲控制阀 60的具体结构中, 所述滑芯 604的行 程 L2 (即从滑芯 604的中间位置到左位或右位的移动距离) 小于所述第一 节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612沿所述滑芯纵向方向的长度 Ll。 因此, 无论 当缓冲控制阀 60的滑芯 (即阀芯) 从中间位置移动到左位或右位时, 第一 节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612都不会被滑芯 604封闭, 而是仍然保留部分 通流截面,从而继续允许液压油在受到节流作用下而流过该缓冲控制阀 60。 因此, 在系统运行过程中, 不但能够对压力峰值起到过滤作用, 而且通过 供应给执行元件 11较小的流量就可以建立较高的压力。
滑芯 604的行程 L2、 第一节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612沿所述滑芯纵 向方向的长度 L1以及 L2和 L1之间的差值通常根据具体的应用工况而设计 选择。 所述第一节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612分别可以具有一条或多条。 优选地, 所述第一节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612均包括多条节流槽。
此外, 应用于图 10的实施方式中的缓冲控制阀 60的结构并不限于图 12所示的具体结构。 例如, 虽然图 12中所示的缓冲控制阀 60为液控阀, 但该缓冲控制阀 60还也可以为电控阀或手动控制阀等, 只要能够实现缓冲 控制阀 60的上述功能即可。
优选地, 如图 10和图 12所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 60为液控换向阀, 所 述空腔 201还被所述滑芯分隔为与所述第一端部 605相邻的第一控制腔 613 和与所述第二端部 606相邻的第二控制腔 614,所述第一控制腔 613通过第 一阻尼元件 615连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第一侧,所述第二控制腔 614 通过第二阻尼元件 616连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第二侧。
按照该结构, 例如当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力高于预定值 时, 一方面第一溢流阀 51会动作而接通, 同时该第一侧的高压液压油会通 过第一阻尼元件 615 (如阻尼塞)而流到第一控制腔 613中, 从而驱动滑芯 604向右滑动, 直到作用在滑芯 604上的力再次处于平衡位置。当第一侧的 液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 则滑芯 604会再恢复到中间位置。 由 此可知,利用液控换向阀的缓冲控制阀 60能够实现较为紧凑而简洁的结构, 从而提高液压系统的可靠性。
所述第一阻尼元件 615和第二阻尼元件 616可以为各种阻尼塞。
除了图 10所示的实施方式之外,本发明还提供了多种替换方式。例如, 如图 13和图 14所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 60可包括: 液控二位三通阀 69, 该 液控二位三通阀 69具有第一入口 621、 第二入口 622、 控制口 623和出口 624, 所述液控二位三通阀的第一入口 621连接于所述第一溢流阀 51 的出 口,所述液控二位三通阀的第二入口 622连接于所述第二溢流阀 52的出口, 所述液控二位三通阀的出口 624直接或间接地连接到执行元件 11的第一侧 和第二侧; 所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀 70, 该梭阀具有第一入口 701、 第二入口 702和出口 703, 所述梭阀的第一入口 701连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第一侧,所述梭阀的第二入口 702连接于所述执行元件 11的所述 第二侧, 所述梭阀的出口 703通过第三阻尼元件 704而连接于所述液控二 位三通阀的所述控制口 623, 其中, 在所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52 均不接通时, 所述液控二位三通阀 69的阀芯位于初始位置 (图 13和图 14 中所示的右位), 在该初始位置, 所述液控二位三通阀 69 的所述第一入口 621、 第二入口 622和出口 624接通; 在所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52 中的一个接通时, 所述液控二位三通阀 69 的阀芯移动到极限位置 (图 13和图 14中所示的左位), 从而使流经所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52 中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所述液控二位三通阀的出口 624。
如图 13和图 14所示, 梭阀 70向液控二位三通阀 69提供控制信号。 例如当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力超过预定值时, 第一溢流 阀 51接通。 同时, 梭阀 70将该高压液压油经过第三阻尼元件 704 (如阻尼 塞)引导至液控二位三通阀 69, 从而使液控二位三通阀 69的阀芯从初始位 置移动到极限位置, 允许来自于第一溢流阀 51的高压液压油经过该液控二 位三通阀 69的节流阻尼作用而流向执行元件 11的第二侧。 当执行元件 11 的第一侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 第一溢流阀 51截止, 同时 液控二位三通阀 69从极限位置恢复到初始位置。
如上所述, 与所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52串联连接的所述缓 冲控制阀 60直接或间接地连接到所述执行元件 11 的第一侧和第二侧。 具 体来说, 缓冲控制阀 60的出口可以直接连接于执行元件 11 的第一侧和第 二侧,或者,优选地,所述缓冲回路还包括第一单向阀 61和第二单向阀 62, 该第一单向阀 61 的出口连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第一侧, 所述第二 单向阀 62的出口连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第二侧, 所述第一单向阀 61和第二单向阀 62的入口彼此相通; 所述缓冲控制阀 60的出口连接于所 述第一单向阀 61的入口和第二单向阀 62的入口之间的管路上, 如图 10和 图 13所示。
此外, 如图 15和图 16所示, 提供了根据本发明其他实施方式的液压 控制回路, 其中所述第一溢流阀 81和为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢 流阀的第一单向溢流阀, 所述第二溢流阀 82为集成有打开方向相反的单向 阀和溢流阀的第二单向溢流阀, 所述缓冲控制阀 90, 92连接在该第一单向 溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀之间。
与图 10和图 13的实施方式中缓冲控制阀 60的出口连接于两个单向阀 之间的管路上不同, 在图 15和图 16所示的实施方式中, 由于第一溢流阀 81和第二溢流阀 82均为集成有单向阀和溢流阀的单向溢流阀,因此从当执 行元件 11一侧的液压油的压力超过预定压力时, 该液压油可以从依次通过 与该侧直接连接的单向溢流阀、 缓冲控制阀 90或 92以及与另一侧直接连 接的另一单向溢流阀而流到执行元件 11的另一侧。
具体来说, 如图 15所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 90为液控三位二通阀, 该 液控三位二通阀具有第一工作口 901和第二工作口 902以及第一控制口 903 和第二控制口 904,所述液控三位二通阀的所述第一工作口 901连接于所述 第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控三位二通阀的第二工作口 902连接于所 述第二单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控三位二通阀的第一控制口 903和第二 控制口 904分别连接到所述执行元件 11的第一侧和第二侧;
其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述三位二通阀的 所述第一工作口 901和第二工作口 902接通; 在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的一个单向溢流阀的溢流 阀接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯移动到对应的极限位置, 从而使通 过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的 液压油经过所述液控三位二通阀的节流而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二 单向溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向阀。
当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力超过预定值时, 则第一单向溢 流阀的溢流阀接通, 同时第一侧的高压液压油使作为缓冲控制阀 90的液控 三位二通阀的阀芯移动到使阀口有一定通流面积的极限位置, 从而允许第 一侧的液压油依次经过第一单向溢流阀 (中的溢流阀)、 液控三位二通阀和 第二单向溢流阀中的单向阀而流到执行元件 11的第二侧, 以实现缓冲压力 的作用。 当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 第 一单向溢流阀截止, 而液控三位二通阀的阀芯恢复到初始位置, 从而不再 允许第一侧的液压油流向第二侧。
当执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力超过预定压力时, 则第二单向 阀的溢流阀接通, 从而使作为缓冲控制阀的液控三位二通阀的阀芯移动到 极限位置, 从而允许第二侧的液压油依次经过第二单向溢流阀中的溢流阀、 液控三位二通阀和第一单向溢流阀中的单向阀而流到执行元件 11 的第一 侧, 以实现缓冲压力的作用。 当执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力降低 到预定值以下时, 第二单向溢流阀截止, 而液控三位二通阀的阀芯恢复到 初始位置, 从而不再允许第二侧的液压油流向第一侧。
另外, 如图 16所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 92包括液控二位二通阀, 该液 控二位二通阀具有第一工作口 921、 第二工作口 922和控制口 923, 所述液 控二位二通阀的第一工作口 921 连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述 液控二位二通阀的第二入口 922连接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口;
所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀 91, 该梭阀具有第一工作口 911、 第二 入口 912和出口 913, 所述梭阀的第一工作口 911连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口 912连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第 二侧, 所述梭阀的出口 913通过第四阻尼元件 914而连接于所述液控二位 二通阀的所述控制口 923,
其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位二通 阀的所述第一工作口 921和第二工作口 922接通;
在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的任一个单向溢流阀的溢 流阀接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使通过所 述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的液压 油经过所述液控二位二通阀的节流而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向 溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向阀。
当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力超过预定压力时, 第一单向溢 流阀的溢流阀接通。 同时, 梭阀 91将执行元件 11 的第一侧的高压液压油 经过第四阻尼元件 914 (如阻尼塞) 引导至液控二位二通阀的所述控制口 923, 从而使液控二位二通阀的阀芯从初始位置移动到极限位置, 允许来自 于第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀的高压液压油经过该液控二位二通阀的节流阻 尼作用而流向第二单向溢流阀的单向阀, 进而流到执行元件 11的第二侧。 当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 第一单向溢 流阀的溢流阀截止,同时液控二位二通阀 69从极限位置再恢复到初始位置。
当执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油超过预定压力时, 第二单向溢流阀的 溢流阀接通。 同时, 梭阀 91将执行元件 11 的第二侧的高压液压油经过第 四阻尼元件 914 (如阻尼塞) 引导至液控二位二通阀的所述控制口 923, 从 而使液控二位二通阀的阀芯从初始位置移动到极限位置, 允许来自于第二 单向溢流阀的溢流阀的高压液压油经过该液控二位二通阀的节流阻尼作用 而流向第一单向溢流阀的单向阀, 进而流到执行元件 11的第一侧。 当执行 元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 第二单向溢流阀的 溢流阀截止, 同时液控二位二通阀 69从极限位置再恢复到初始位置。
在上述图 10、 图 13、 图 15和图 16所示的实施例中, 回转运动过程中, 图 10的缓冲控制阀 60、 图 13的液控二位三通阀 69、 图 15的液控方向控 制阀 90、 图 16的液控方向控制阀 92的阀芯处于极限位置时阀口仍有一定 通流面积, 因此各溢流阀在运动过程中也能对压力峰值起到过滤作用, 但 此面积很小, 通过较小的流量便可以建立较高的压力, 因此对系统建压能 力和正常负载下的运动速度影响不大。
在本申请的说明书中, 虽然大都是以执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的 压力超过预定值为例来描述的, 但是本领域技术人员应该理解的是, 对于 执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力超过预定值的情形, 也适用同样的原 理并能够实现同样的有益的技术效果。 因此, 这里不再对执行元件 11的第 二侧的液压油的压力超过预定值的情形进行详细描述。
如上所述, 优选地, 所述执行元件 11可以为液压马达, 该液压控制回 路为回转控制回路。
为了实现系统的供油流量保持一定的情况, 优选地, 所述液压泵可以 为定量液压泵。 但是也可采用变量液压泵, 只要在预定工作时间区间内保 持一定的供油流量即可。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不 限于上述实施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本 发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范 围。
另外需要说明的是, 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特 征, 在不矛盾的情况下, 可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合, 而不限于权 利要求书中各项权利要求之间的引用关系。
此外, 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只要 其不违背本发明的思想, 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种液压控制回路, 该液压控制回路包括具有旁通节流回路的方向 控制阀 (10)和与该方向控制阀 (10)连接的执行元件(11 ), 其特征在于, 所述液压控制回路还包括阀(20), 该阀(20)串联在所述旁通节流回路中, 从而在供应给所述方向控制阀 (10 ) 的供油流量不变的情况下, 保持流经 所述执行元件 (11 ) 的液压油的流量不变。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 在所述执行元 件 (11 ) 所承受的负载增大时, 所述阀 (20) 相应地减小该阀 (20) 的阀 口的通流截面; 在所述执行元件 (11 ) 所承受的负载减小时, 所述阀 (20) 相应地增大该阀 (20) 的阀口的通流截面, 以使在所述方向控制阀 (10 ) 具有恒定的开度的情况下, 流经所述旁通节流回路的液压油的流量不变。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述液压控制 回路还包括油箱, 所述阀 (20) 为包括入口、 出口和控制口的液控流量控 制阀, 该液控流量控制阀的入口与所述方向控制阀 (10) 的旁通口连通, 所述液控流量控制阀的出口与所述油箱连通, 所述液控流量控制阀的控制 口与所述液压控制回路的系统压力直接或间接相连。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述液控流量 控制阀的所述控制口与所述方向控制阀 (10) 的进油口直接连通。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述阀 (20) 为电控调速阀 (21 )、 液控调速阀 (22) 或压力补偿阀 (23 )。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述压力补偿 阀 (23) 包括:
阀体 (30), 该阀体 (30) 具有阀腔 (31) 以及入口 (32)、 出口 (33) 和控制口 (34);
阀芯 (35), 该阀芯 (35) 具有第一端部 (351)、 第二端部 (352) 和 连接该第一端部(351)和第二端部(352)的连接部(353), 所述阀芯(35) 可移动地设置在所述阀腔 (31) 中并将该阀腔 (31) 分隔为与所述第一端 部 (351) 相邻的第一腔室 (41)、 与所述第二端部 (352) 相邻的第二腔室 (42) 以及位于所述第一端部 (351) 和第二端部 (352) 朝向彼此的侧面 之间且围绕所述连接部 (353) 的通流空间 (40), 该通流空间 (40) 与所 述入口 (32) 和出口 (33) 相通, 所述控制口 (34) 与所述第二腔室 (42) 相通, 从而流经所述控制口 (34) 进入所述第二腔室 (42) 的液压油能够 对所述阀芯 (35) 的第二端部 (352) 施加液压力; 和
弹性元件 (36), 该弹性元件 (36) 位于所述第一腔室 (41) 内, 以对 所述阀芯 (35) 的第一端部 (351) 施加弹性压力, 所述阀芯 (35) 中还设 置有连通所述通流空间 (40) 和所述第一腔室 (41) 的通道 (43)。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述阀体(30) 包括中空的主体 (300) 和可拆卸地装配到该主体 (300) 两端的第一端盖
(301) 和第二端盖 (302), 所述弹性元件 (36) 位于所述第一端盖 (301) 和所述阀芯 (35) 的第一端部 (351) 的端面之间, 所述控制口 (34) 设置 在所述第二端盖 (302) 上, 所述通道 (43) 中设置有第一阻尼塞 (39) 和 /或所述控制口 (34) 中设置有第二阻尼塞 (38)。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述方向控制 阀 (10) 为具有所述进油口 (P)、 回油口 (T)、 两个工作油口 (Α, Β) 以 及构成所述旁通节流回路的旁通入口 (Ρ')和旁通出口 (τ') 的阀, 所述进 油口 (P)和旁通入口 (Ρ' )均与系统压力连通, 所述工作油口 (Α, Β ) 分 别与所述执行元件 (11 ) 连通, 所述旁通出口 (Τ' ) 与所述阀 (20) 连通。
9. 根据权利要求 1-8 中任意一项权利要求所述的液压控制回路, 该液 压控制回路还包括与该执行元件 (11 ) 并联的缓冲回路 (100), 该缓冲回 路(100)包括溢流阀 (51、 52; 81、 82)和与该溢流阀 (51、 52; 81、 82) 串联连接的缓冲控制阀 (60、 90、 92), 在所述溢流阀 (51、 52; 81、 82) 不接通时, 所述缓冲控制阀 (60、 90、 92) 的阀芯处于初始位置, 该缓冲 控制阀 (60、 90、 92) 的阀口打开, 其特征在于, 在所述溢流阀 (51、 52; 81、 82) 接通且所述缓冲控制阀 (60、 90、 92) 的阀芯处于极限位置时, 该缓冲控制阀 (60、 90、 92) 的阀口的通流面积小于阀口打开时的通流面 积且不完全关闭。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述溢流阀 包括第一溢流阀 (51 ) 和第二溢流阀 (52), 该第一溢流阀 (51 ) 的入口连 接于所述执行元件 (11 ) 的第一侧, 所述第二溢流阀 (52) 的入口连接于 所述执行元件 (11 ) 的第二侧; 所述缓冲控制阀 (60) 分别与所述第一溢 流阀 (51 ) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 串联连接并直接或间接地连接到所述执行 元件 (11 ) 的第一侧和第二侧。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控 制阀 (60) 具有第一入口 (601 )、 第二入口 (602) 以及所述出口 (603 ), 所述第一溢流阀 (51 ) 的出口与所述缓冲控制阀 (60) 的第一入口 (601 ) 连接, 所述第二溢流阀 (52) 的出口与所述缓冲控制阀 (60) 的第二入口 (602) 连接,
其中, 在所述第一溢流阀 (51 ) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 均未接通时, 所 述缓冲控制阀 (60) 的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述第一入口 (601)、 第二入 口 (602) 和出口 (603) 接通;
在所述第一溢流阀 (51) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 中的一个接通时, 所述 缓冲控制阀 (60) 的阀芯移动到对应的极限位置, 从而使流经所述第一溢 流阀 (51) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向 所述出口 (603)。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控 制阀 (60) 包括:
缓冲阀体 (200), 该缓冲阀体 (200) 具有空腔 (201) 以及与该空腔
(201) 相通的所述第一入口 (601)、 第二入口 (602) 以及出口 (603); 作为所述缓冲控制阀 (60) 的阀芯的滑芯 (604), 该滑芯 (604) 具有 第一端部 (605)、 第二端部 (606) 和连接该第一端部和第二端部的连接部 (607), 所述滑芯 (604) 可移动地设置在所述空腔 (201) 中并在该空腔 (201) 中限定有位于所述第一端部 (605) 和第二端部 (606) 朝向彼此的 侧面之间且围绕所述连接部 (607) 的通流腔 (608), 该通流腔 (608) 与 所述出口 (603) 相通, 所述第一入口 (601) 通过设置在所述第一端部朝 向第二端部的侧面上的第一节流槽 (611) 而与所述流通腔 (608) 连通, 所述第二入口 (602) 能够通过设置在所述第二端部朝向第一端部的侧面上 的第二节流槽 (612) 而与所述流通腔 (608) 连通, 并且所述滑芯 (604) 的行程 (L2) 小于所述第一节流槽 (611) 和第二节流槽 (612) 沿所述滑 芯纵向方向的长度 (Ll)。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控 制阀 (60) 为液控换向阀, 所述空腔 (201) 还被所述滑芯分隔为与所述第 一端部 (605) 相邻的第一控制腔 (613) 和与所述第二端部 (606) 相邻的 第二控制腔 (614), 所述第一控制腔 (613) 通过第一阻尼元件 (615) 连 接于所述执行元件 (11) 的所述第一侧, 所述第二控制腔 (614) 通过第二 阻尼元件 (616) 连接于所述执行元件 (11) 的所述第二侧。
14. 根据权利要求 10所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控 制阀 (60) 包括液控二位三通阀 (69), 该液控二位三通阀 (69) 具有第一 入口 (621)、 第二入口 (622)、 控制口 (623) 和出口 (624), 所述液控二 位三通阀的第一入口 (621) 连接于所述第一溢流阀 (51) 的出口, 所述液 控二位三通阀的第二入口 (622)连接于所述第二溢流阀 (52) 的出口, 所 述液控二位三通阀的出口 (624) 直接或间接地连接到执行元件 (11) 的第 所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀(70),该梭阀(70)具有第一入口(701)、 第二入口 (702) 和出口 (703), 所述梭阀的第一入口 (701) 连接于所述 执行元件 (11) 的所述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口 (702) 连接于所述执 行元件(11)的所述第二侧,所述梭阀的出口(703)通过第三阻尼元件(704) 而连接于所述液控二位三通阀的所述控制口 (623),
其中, 在所述第一溢流阀 (51) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 均不接通时, 所 述液控二位三通阀 (69) 的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位三通阀 (69) 的所述第一入口 (621)、 第二入口 (622) 和出口 (624) 接通;
在所述第一溢流阀 (51) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 中的一个接通时, 所述 液控二位三通阀 (69) 的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使流经所述第一溢流 阀 (51) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所 述液控二位三通阀的出口 (624)。
15. 根据权利要求 10-14中任意一项所述的液压控制回路, 其中, 所述 缓冲回路还包括第一单向阀(61)和第二单向阀(62), 该第一单向阀(61) 的出口连接于所述执行元件 (11) 的所述第一侧, 所述第二单向阀 (62) 的出口连接于所述执行元件 (11 ) 的所述第二侧, 所述第一单向阀 (61 ) 和第二单向阀 (62) 的入口彼此相通; 所述缓冲控制阀 (60) 的出口连接 于所述第一单向阀 (61 ) 的入口和第二单向阀 (62) 的入口之间的管路上。
16.根据权利要求 10所述的液压控制回路,其中,所述第一溢流阀(81 ) 为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢流阀的第一单向溢流阀, 所述第二溢 流阀 (82) 为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢流阀的第二单向溢流阀, 所述缓冲控制阀 (90, 92) 连接在该第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀之 间。
17.根据权利要求 16所述的液压控制回路,其中,所述缓冲控制阀(90) 为液控三位二通阀, 该液控三位二通阀具有第一工作口 (901 ) 和第二工作 口 (902) 以及第一控制口 (903 ) 和第二控制口 (904), 所述液控三位二 通阀的所述第一工作口 (901 )连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液 控三位二通阀的第二工作口 (902)连接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口, 所 述液控三位二通阀的第一控制口 (903 ) 和第二控制口 (904) 分别连接到 所述执行元件 (11 ) 的第一侧和第二侧;
其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述三位二通阀的 所述第一工作口 (901 ) 和第二工作口 (902) 接通;
在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的一个单向溢流阀的溢流 阀接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯移动到对应的极限位置, 从而使通 过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的 液压油经过所述液控三位二通阀的节流而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二 单向溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向阀。
18. 根据权利要求 16所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控 制阀(92)包括液控二位二通阀,该液控二位二通阀具有第一工作口(921 )、 第二工作口(922)和控制口(923 ),所述液控二位二通阀的第一工作口(921 ) 连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控二位二通阀的第二工作口 (922) 连接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口;
所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀 (91 ), 该梭阀具有第一入口 (911 )、 第 二入口 (912) 和出口 (913 ), 所述梭阀的第一入口 (911 ) 连接于所述执 行元件 (11 ) 的所述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口 (912) 连接于所述执行 元件(11 )的所述第二侧, 所述梭阀的出口(913 )通过第四阻尼元件(914) 而连接于所述液控二位二通阀的所述控制口 (923 ),
其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位二通 阀的所述第一入口 (921 ) 和第二入口 (922) 接通;
在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的任一个单向溢流阀的溢 流阀接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使通过所 述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的液压 油经过所述液控二位二通阀的节流而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向 溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向阀。
19. 根据权利要求 1 所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述执行元 件 (11 ) 为液压马达, 该液压控制回路为回转控制回路。
PCT/CN2011/076818 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 液压控制回路 WO2013003997A1 (zh)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5281487A (en) * 1975-12-26 1977-07-07 Toyooki Kogyo Kk Feed control device
JPH0374609A (ja) * 1989-08-10 1991-03-29 Nippon Air Brake Co Ltd 流量制御回路
US5050483A (en) * 1989-08-10 1991-09-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Flow control device
CN1191279A (zh) * 1996-11-20 1998-08-26 株式会社神户制钢所 液压电动机控制系统
CN201198850Y (zh) * 2008-05-16 2009-02-25 宁波中意液压马达有限公司 液压回转装置延时缓冲制动机构
JP2010230039A (ja) * 2009-03-26 2010-10-14 Caterpillar Sarl 流体圧回路

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5281487A (en) * 1975-12-26 1977-07-07 Toyooki Kogyo Kk Feed control device
JPH0374609A (ja) * 1989-08-10 1991-03-29 Nippon Air Brake Co Ltd 流量制御回路
US5050483A (en) * 1989-08-10 1991-09-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Flow control device
CN1191279A (zh) * 1996-11-20 1998-08-26 株式会社神户制钢所 液压电动机控制系统
CN201198850Y (zh) * 2008-05-16 2009-02-25 宁波中意液压马达有限公司 液压回转装置延时缓冲制动机构
JP2010230039A (ja) * 2009-03-26 2010-10-14 Caterpillar Sarl 流体圧回路

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