WO2012171353A1 - 臂架防后倾缓冲装置 - Google Patents
臂架防后倾缓冲装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012171353A1 WO2012171353A1 PCT/CN2012/071141 CN2012071141W WO2012171353A1 WO 2012171353 A1 WO2012171353 A1 WO 2012171353A1 CN 2012071141 W CN2012071141 W CN 2012071141W WO 2012171353 A1 WO2012171353 A1 WO 2012171353A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- boom
- damping
- disposed
- backlash
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/53—Means for adjusting damping characteristics by varying fluid viscosity, e.g. electromagnetically
- F16F9/535—Magnetorheological [MR] fluid dampers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/88—Safety gear
- B66C23/92—Snubbers or dashpots for preventing backwards swinging of jibs, e.g. in the event of cable or tackle breakage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable damping device, and in particular to a boom anti-backlash cushioning device.
- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In a construction machine, a large truss arm and a box arm are significantly deformed under heavy load due to their large slenderness ratio, and can be regarded as a flexible body. During the loading process, the flexible body gradually deforms to store the elastic potential energy; in the sudden unloading, the boom is violently vibrated under the driving of the elastic potential energy. For the boom with a large elevation angle, for example, the boom with an elevation angle of about 80 degrees, the elastic potential energy The release may even drive the entire tilt of the boom.
- the buffers can be designed differently for different motion parameters.
- the existing buffer device can be divided into two types: stiffness buffer and damping buffer.
- the object of the stiffness buffer is the boom angle, such as the spring buffer
- the object of the damping buffer is the boom angular velocity, such as a hydraulic buffer.
- the cushioning characteristics are fixed, the buffering force is uncontrollable, and the adaptability to the working condition is weak, so it is not suitable for providing the optimal cushioning force for the large boom under different working conditions.
- the present invention is directed to a boom anti-backlash cushioning device capable of controlling damping of a reversible phase change liquid by an impact parameter information acquired by a damping control system, and calculating a buffer device before the boom is tipped over The optimal cushioning force, and the buffering force is adjusted in real time by the rapid response of the reversible phase change liquid when the tilting occurs, the control is accurate, and the boom backlash buffering treatment under different working conditions can be satisfied.
- a boom anti-backlash cushioning device comprising: an actuating cylinder disposed between a boom support and a boom, comprising: a master cylinder; a piston cavity , located in the main cylinder; the piston is disposed in the piston cavity, and the piston cavity is divided into a rod cavity and a rodless cavity; the damping channel is disposed outside the piston cavity, and is connected with the rod cavity and the rodless cavity, and includes :
- the field generator changes the field strength in the actuating cylinder according to the received external control signal; the damping control system, the input end is connected to the impact action member, and the output end is connected to the field generator, and is obtained according to the received impact parameter information.
- External control signal to prevent the boom from leaning backwards controls the field strength of the field generator, wherein the impacting member is a boom or a piston rod disposed on the piston; a reversible phase change liquid is built in the rod chamber, the rodless chamber and the damping passage.
- the actuating cylinder is fixedly disposed on the arm support, and the other end is connected to the arm frame or extends toward the arm frame, or one end of the actuating cylinder is fixedly disposed on the arm frame, and the other end is connected to the arm frame support. Or extend towards the boom support.
- the damping control system comprises: a sensing system connected to the boom and acquiring impact parameter information; a damping controller receiving the impact parameter information acquired by the sensing system, and outputting the control signal according to the impact parameter information; The input end is connected to the damping controller, and the output end is connected to the working cylinder, and the control signal outputted by the damping controller is amplified and sent to the working cylinder.
- the damping control system further includes an anti-rollover control parameter table, the anti-rollover control parameter table is connected to the damping controller, and the anti-rollover control parameter is built in, and the damping controller controls the anti-tipover according to the received impact parameter information. The corresponding anti-rollover control parameters are extracted from the parameter table.
- the damping control system further includes a boom tilting calculation module disposed between the sensing system and the damping controller, receiving the impact parameter information acquired by the sensing system, and calculating the anti-rollover control parameter in real time, and transmitting to the Damping controller.
- the impact parameter information includes one or any combination of the following parameters: boom angle, speed, acceleration, wind speed, and lifting weight.
- the field generator is a coil that produces a controllable magnetic field within the actuator or a pair of electrodes that generate a controllable electric field within the actuator.
- the reversible phase change liquid is a magnetorheological fluid
- the field generator is disposed on the outer circumference of the main cylinder
- the actuating cylinder further includes: a sub-cylinder fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the main cylinder body and having a sub-cylinder cover at both ends; a coil, disposed in the cylinder of the auxiliary cylinder and connected to the damping control system, the damping passage passes through the center of the excitation coil;
- the damping coil box is disposed adjacent to the inner cylinder wall of the cylinder of the auxiliary cylinder, and has an excitation coil mounting groove, The exciting coil is disposed in the exciting coil mounting groove, and the damping passage penetrates the damper coil box along the length direction.
- the two channels of the damper channel connected to the rod cavity and the rodless cavity are respectively located at the end positions of the rod cavity and the rodless cavity. Further, a plurality of sub-cylinders are provided uniformly along the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the main cylinder block.
- the reversible phase change liquid is an electrorheological fluid
- the field generator is disposed on the outer circumference of the main cylinder
- the actuating cylinder further comprises: a sub-cylinder fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the main cylinder body, the main cylinder cover at both ends;
- the negative electrode sleeves are respectively arranged close to the inner wall of the cylinder of the auxiliary cylinder, and the positive electrode sleeve and the negative electrode sleeve are respectively connected to the damping control system, and a damping passage is formed between the positive electrode sleeve and the negative electrode sleeve.
- the positive electrode sleeve is disposed on the inner wall of the cylinder tube on the inner side of the auxiliary cylinder
- the negative electrode sleeve is disposed on the inner wall of the cylinder tube outside the auxiliary cylinder
- the two ports of the damping passage and the rod chamber and the rodless chamber are respectively located in the rod cavity and The end position of the rodless cavity.
- a plurality of sub-cylinders are provided uniformly along the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the main cylinder block.
- the boom anti-backlash buffering device comprises an actuating cylinder and a damping control system connected with the actuating cylinder, and the damping control system determines the control signal according to the impact parameter information acquired from the boom, and then according to the control signal in real time. Controls the damping of the reversible phase change liquid, thereby adjusting the buffering force of the anti-backlash cushioning device of the boom, so that it can provide optimal cushioning force to the elastic potential energy released by the boom system within a specified buffering stroke, avoiding the boom Break or tip over.
- the damping control system can obtain the impact parameter information in real time, and calculate the buffering force required for the anti-rollover of the boom in real time according to the acquired impact parameter information, the real-time buffering force of the boom can be realized by the high response speed of the reversible phase-change liquid. Control and adjustment, to meet the needs of damping control under different working conditions, better adaptability, and improve energy utilization efficiency.
- the damping controller can directly extract the corresponding control parameter information from the anti-rollover control parameter table through the impact parameter information, or can calculate the control parameter information in real time according to the impact parameter information through the boom tilt calculation module, and the control parameter acquisition forms are various. , can be selective.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the installation of a rollback prevention device according to the present invention on a crane;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rollback prevention device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 3 is a schematic structural view of a fall prevention cushioning device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a first damping control system of the anti-backlash cushioning device according to an embodiment of the present invention; 5 shows a schematic diagram of a second damping control system of the anti-rollback cushioning device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the reversible phase change liquid is mainly a magnetorheological fluid or an electrorheological fluid.
- the reversible phase change liquid is formed by dispersing fine soft magnetic particles in a carrier liquid having a low magnetic permeability. Damping can have a controlled rheological property of the suspended liquid with the change of the applied magnetic field.
- an electrorheological fluid is a reversible phase change liquid that changes from a liquid to a solid under the action of an electric field.
- the boom anti-backlash cushioning device comprises a piston chamber, the piston divides the piston chamber into two parts, a rod chamber and a rodless chamber, and the rod chamber and the rodless chamber communicate through the damping passage, in the piston chamber
- the reversible phase change liquid is disposed in the damping channel, and the damping of the reversible phase change liquid is changed by adjusting the phase state of the reversible phase change liquid, thereby adjusting the buffering force of the piston rod to meet the needs of use.
- the reversible phase change liquid is a liquid whose phase is variable such as a magnetorheological fluid or an electrorheological fluid.
- the actuator cylinder 10 of the boom anti-backlash cushioning device is disposed between the boom support 60 of the crane and the boom 61.
- the cylinder 10 includes a piston chamber and a piston, and a piston rod.
- the field generator may be disposed on the outer circumference of the master cylinder block 20, or may be disposed in the cylinder wall of the master cylinder block 20, or may be disposed at any other position capable of adjusting the field strength in the cylinder 10 according to an external control signal.
- the field strength of the field generator is adjusted by an external signal to adjust the field strength in the cylinder 10, thereby changing the phase state of the reversible phase change liquid disposed in the cylinder 10, thereby changing the reversible phase change liquid damping. the goal of.
- the anti-rollback cushioning device according to the present invention is mounted on a boom support 60 of a crane, and the damping control system 40 collects shock parameter information through a sensing system 41 mounted on the crane boom 61. And output a control signal to control the buffering force of the anti-backlash buffer device. Normally, the anti-backlash buffer device is not in contact with the boom 61.
- the anti-backlash buffer device calculates the current sudden unloading condition by collecting the impact parameter information, and the buffer device should provide The buffering force is small; when the sudden unloading occurs, the boom 61 is tilted backward, impacting the anti-backlash cushioning device, and the buffering device adjusts the damping of the reversible phase change liquid 30 of the cushioning device according to the previously calculated buffering force, so that the anti-backward tilting is performed.
- the cushioning device provides the previously calculated optimal cushioning force to prevent the boom from breaking and tipping.
- the sensing system 41 can also be directly mounted on the piston rod 25.
- the piston rod 25 When the boom releases the elastic potential energy, the piston rod 25 is impacted, and the piston rod 25 is instantaneously accelerated.
- the sensing system 41 will collect from the piston rod 25.
- the instantaneous acceleration is transmitted to the anti-backlash buffer device, and the anti-backlash buffer device calculates the appropriate control parameters required to prevent the boom from being broken or tipped, and converts it into an external control signal for transmission to the field.
- the generator thereby controls the field strength of the field generator, thereby controlling the damping of the reversible phase change liquid 30, so that the anti-backlash buffer device outputs the calculated optimal buffer force to effectively buffer the elastic potential energy of the boom. As shown in FIGS.
- the anti-backlash cushioning device includes an actuating cylinder 10 and a damping control system 40.
- the cylinder 10 includes a master cylinder 20, and a master cylinder head 27 is disposed at both ends of the master cylinder 20 to form a sealed piston chamber.
- the master cylinder block 20 is fixedly disposed on the boom support 60 of the crane, and supports the master cylinder block 20 by a support rod extending obliquely upward from the bracket of the crane, so that the master cylinder block 20 faces the direction of movement of the boom.
- a piston 21 is disposed in the piston chamber of the main cylinder block 20 in the axial direction.
- One end of the piston 21 is provided with a piston rod 25 which extends through the main cylinder head 27 of the main cylinder body 20 and extends out of the main cylinder block 20. And set on the impact path of the boom.
- a sealing ring 26 is disposed at a joint between the piston rod 25 and the main cylinder head 27, and the sealing ring 26 is disposed between the piston rod 25 and the main cylinder head 27 to form a good sealing effect on the piston chamber on the one hand, and effective on the other hand.
- the friction between the piston rod 25 and the master cylinder head 27 during the movement is reduced, the service life of the piston rod 25 and the master cylinder head 27 is extended, and the working performance of the piston 21 is improved.
- the piston 21 divides the piston chamber into a rod chamber 22 and a rodless chamber 23.
- a sub-cylinder 50 is disposed on an outer wall of the main cylinder block 20, and the sub-cylinder 50 includes a sub-cylinder cylinder and a sub-cylinder head 51 disposed at two ends of the sub-cylinder cylinder, and the sub-cylinder cylinder has a cylindrical structure having openings at both ends, and The auxiliary cylinder heads 51 at both ends cooperate to form a closed cavity.
- the outer cylinder wall at which the sub-cylinder 50 is engaged with the main cylinder block 20 has a structure that cooperates with the outer cylinder wall structure of the main cylinder block 20 to ensure that the outer cylinder wall of the sub-cylinder 50 closely fits the main cylinder block 20. On the outer cylinder wall.
- a positioning structure for positioning the sub-cylinder 50 is provided on the main cylinder block 20 to ensure accurate mounting of the sub-cylinder 50 on the main cylinder block 20.
- the cylinder head 51 is made of a material having a magnetic isolation effect, and is capable of effectively preventing magnetic leakage.
- a damper coil case 53 is provided in the closed cavity, and the damper coil case 53 is placed in close contact with the inner wall of the sub-cylinder 50, thereby obtaining good positioning.
- An excitation coil mounting groove is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the damper coil case 53, and the exciting coil 52 is mounted in the exciting coil mounting groove.
- the exciting coils 52 have a plurality of sets and are evenly arranged in the exciting coil mounting grooves along the axial direction of the piston rod 21.
- the damper coil case 53 has a simple structure, is easy to process, and is easily positioned by the sub-cylinder 50, thereby forming a good positioning structure for the exciting coil 52, so that the exciting coil 52 obtains a good magnetic induction effect, and the cost is low and the performance is excellent.
- a plurality of the sub-cylinders 50 are uniformly disposed along the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the main cylinder block 20, so that the damping structure of the magnetorheological fluid that the piston 21 is subjected to during operation can be balanced, and the performance is more reliable.
- a damper passage 24 is provided in the damper coil case 53.
- the damper passage 24 extends through the entire damper coil case 53 in the axial direction and is disposed through the damper coil case 53 at the center position of each of the sets of the field coils 52.
- In the rod cavity 22 and The end portions of the rodless chamber 23 are provided with a damper passage 24 extending in the radial direction of the main cylinder block 20, and the damper passage 24 passes through the side wall of the main cylinder block 20 and the sub-cylinder 50, and extends to the damper coil Inside the casing 53, the damper passage 24 in the axial direction is engaged to form a passage communicating with the rod chamber 22 and the rodless chamber 23.
- the reversible phase change liquid 30 is filled in both the piston chamber and the damper passage 24.
- the reversible phase change liquid 30 is a magnetorheological fluid
- the exciting coil is changed by changing the magnitude of the current passing through the exciting coil 52.
- the magnetic flux formed by 52 is changed so that it adjusts the state of the magnetorheological fluid, changes the damping of the magnetorheological fluid, and obtains the required damping, thereby changing the damping force to the boom.
- a damping control system 40 is connected between the boom 61 and the cylinder 10, and the damping control system 40 acquires impact parameter information from the boom 61, and then determines a control signal to be output according to the acquired impact parameter information, and finally determines the control.
- the signal is output to the cylinder 10, realizing the real-time control of the damping of the reversible phase change liquid 30, that is, the magnetorheological fluid in the cylinder 10, so that the buffering force of the boom anti-backlash buffer device can be adjusted in real time, which is more convenient.
- the impact parameter information includes any one or a combination of a boom angle, a speed, an acceleration, a wind speed, and a lifting weight.
- the damping control system 40 includes a sensing system 41, a damping controller 42, and a power amplification system 43.
- the sensing system 41 is coupled to the boom, has a plurality of sensors, acquires a plurality of different impact parameter information on the boom 61, and transmits the impact parameter information to the damping controller 42 upon receipt of the damping controller 42 After the impact parameter information of the sensing system 41, the control signal is determined and output according to the impact parameter information.
- the power amplifying system 43 includes a power amplifier, the input end is connected to the damping controller 42, and the output end is connected to the exciting coil of the working cylinder 10. 52.
- the control signal output from the damping controller 42 is amplified and sent to the cylinder 10, and the magnitude of the current passing through the exciting coil 52 is changed by the control signal, thereby realizing the buffering force of the cylinder 10 in real time.
- the sensing system 41 obtains the impact parameter information from the piston rod 25 after the boom 61 releases the elastic potential energy and impacts the piston rod 25. For example, acceleration or the like, and then the acquired impact parameter information is transmitted to the damping controller 42.
- the damping controller 42 determines and outputs a control signal according to the impact parameter information, and the power.
- the amplification system 43 amplifies the control signal and supplies it to the cylinder 10, and controls the phase state of the magnetorheological fluid by the control signal, thereby controlling the buffering force of the cylinder 10 in real time.
- the acquisition of the control signal can be obtained by setting the anti-tip control parameter table.
- the anti-rollover control parameter table 44 is further included in the damping control system 40.
- the anti-rollover control parameter table 44 stores anti-rollover control parameters obtained by empirical formulas or other calculation formulas according to different impact parameter information.
- the anti-tip control parameter table 44 is connected to the damping controller 42. When the damping controller 42 receives the impact parameter information from the sensing system 41, the corresponding anti-rollover control parameter table 44 directly retrieves the corresponding information according to the impact parameter information. Anti-rollover control parameters, then these defenses
- the rollover control parameter is converted into a control signal, which is amplified by the amplification system and transmitted to the field generator on the cylinder 10 to control the field strength of the field generator of the cylinder 10 in real time.
- a boom tilt calculation module 45 is included within the damping control system 40.
- the boom tilt calculation module 45 is disposed between the sensing system 41 and the damping controller 42 and is received from the boom when the sensing system 41 is received.
- the anti-rollover control parameter under the current impact parameter information condition is obtained according to the calculation formula (which may be an empirical formula) set in the boom tilt calculation module 45, and then the calculated anti-rollover control is performed.
- the parameters are supplied to the damping controller 42, and the anti-rollover control parameters are converted by the damping controller 42 into external control signals and sent to the cylinder 10.
- the boom driving piston 21 moves to the right in the master cylinder 20, compresses the magnetorheological fluid in the master cylinder 20, and the magnetorheological fluid flows into the master cylinder 20 through the damper passage 24.
- the cavity 22 is provided with a buffering force for the piston 21 by the magnetorheological fluid;
- the damping control system 40 detects the impact parameter information acquired by the sensing system 41 from the boom 61 or the piston rod 25 in real time, and controls the current on the exciting coil 52, thereby
- the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil 52 is controlled, and the phase state of the magnetorheological fluid is adjusted by adjusting the magnetic field strength, so that the magnetorheological fluid in the damping passage 24 surrounded by the exciting coil 52 is gradually changed from Newtonian to semi-solid state.
- the transformation causes the magnetorheological fluid damping in the damper passage 24 to continuously increase until the adjustment request of the external control signal is satisfied, and the magnetorheological fluid in the rod chamber 22 and the rodless chamber 23 is due to the magnetic current in the damper passage 24.
- the state of the liquid change does not flow freely, thereby achieving control and adjustment of the damping of the magnetorheological fluid in the damper passage 24, forming an effective cushion for the elastic potential energy released from the boom 61, forming the boom 61 Protect from falling or breaking.
- the sensing system 41 is connected to the main cylinder block 20 or the boom 61. When the boom 61 releases the elastic potential energy, the main cylinder 20 is impacted, and the sensing system 41 transmits the acquired impact parameter information to the damping control system 40.
- the boom anti-backlash cushioning device includes an actuating cylinder 10 and a damping control system 40.
- the cylinder 10 includes a master cylinder 20, and a master cylinder head 27 is disposed at both ends of the master cylinder 20 to form a sealed piston chamber.
- a piston 21 is disposed in the piston chamber of the main cylinder block 20 in the axial direction.
- One end of the piston 21 is provided with a piston rod 25 which extends through the main cylinder head 27 of the main cylinder body 20 and extends out of the main cylinder block 20. And disposed in the direction of the boom 61 on the impact path of the boom 61.
- a sealing ring 26 is disposed at a joint of the piston rod 25 and the master cylinder head 27, and the sealing ring 26 is disposed between the piston rod 25 and the master cylinder head 27,
- a good sealing effect is formed on the piston chamber
- the friction between the piston rod 25 and the main cylinder head 27 during the movement can be effectively reduced, the service life of the piston rod 25 and the main cylinder head 27 is prolonged, and the piston is improved.
- 21 performance The piston 21 divides the piston chamber into a rod chamber 22 and a rodless chamber 23. As the piston 21 moves, the volume of the rod chamber 22 and the rodless chamber 23 also changes correspondingly.
- a sub-cylinder 50 is provided on the outer wall of the master cylinder block 20.
- the sub-cylinder 50 includes a sub-cylinder cylinder and a sub-cylinder head 51 disposed at both ends of the sub-cylinder cylinder, and forms a closed cavity.
- the cylinder head 51 and the sub-cylinder cylinder are made of a material having an insulating effect, which can effectively prevent current leakage and cause a safety hazard.
- a positive electrode sleeve 54 and a negative electrode sleeve 55 are oppositely disposed on the inner cylinder wall of the sub-cylinder, and the positive electrode sleeve 54 and the negative electrode sleeve 55 are disposed close to the inner wall of the cylinder of the sub-cylinder 50, and are respectively connected to the damping control system 40.
- a damper passage 24 is formed between the positive electrode sleeve 54 and the negative electrode sleeve 55.
- the positive electrode sleeve 54 is disposed on the inner wall of the cylinder inside the sub-cylinder 50
- the negative electrode sleeve 55 is disposed on the inner wall of the cylinder outside the sub-cylinder 50.
- This structure can effectively improve the safety performance of the anti-rollback cushioning device in this embodiment.
- a damper passage 24 extending in the radial direction of the main cylinder block 20 is provided, and the damper passage 24 passes through the side wall of the main cylinder block 20 and the sub-cylinder 50.
- the rod chamber 22 and the rodless chamber 23 are connected.
- a plurality of the sub-cylinders 50 are uniformly disposed along the axial direction of the outer wall of the main cylinder block 20, so that the damping structure of the magnetorheological fluid that the piston 21 is subjected to during operation can be balanced, and the performance is more reliable.
- the reversible phase change liquid 30 is filled in the piston chamber and the damper passage 24.
- the reversible phase change liquid 30 is an electrorheological fluid.
- a damping control system 40 is connected between the boom 61 and the cylinder 10, and the damping control system 40 acquires impact parameter information from the boom 61 or the piston rod 25, and then determines a control signal to be output according to the acquired impact parameter information, and finally Outputting the determined control signal to the field generator, adjusting the field strength of the field generator, thereby adjusting the phase state of the reversible phase change liquid 30, that is, the electrorheological fluid, realizing the real-time damping of the electrorheological fluid in the cylinder 10.
- the control can adjust the buffering force of the anti-backlash buffer device of the boom in real time, and more convenient and quickly eliminate the elastic potential energy released by the boom due to unloading, and has good adaptability.
- the impact parameter information includes any one or a combination of a boom angle, a speed, an acceleration, a wind speed, and a lifting weight.
- the structure of the damping control system 40 and its principle of operation are similar to those of the damping control system 40 of the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail herein.
- the boom driving piston 21 moves to the right in the master cylinder 20, compresses the electro-rheological fluid in the master cylinder 20, and the electrorheological fluid flows into the rod-cavity 22 of the main cylinder block 20 through the damper passage 24.
- the piston is supplied with a buffering force by the electrorheological fluid; the damping control system 40 detects the sensing system 41 from the boom 61 or the piston rod 25 in real time.
- the anti-backlash cushioning device can be mounted to the crane by various suitable means.
- one of the main cylinder block 20 and the piston rod 25 of the cylinder 10 can be fixedly mounted on the boom support 60.
- the other one is in contact with the arm frame 61 or extends toward the arm frame 61, or one of the main cylinder block 20 and the piston rod 25 of the cylinder 10 is fixedly mounted on the arm frame 61, and the other one is coupled to the boom frame.
- the holder 61 contacts or extends toward the boom holder 61.
- the boom anti-backlash cushioning device includes an actuating cylinder and a damping control system connected to the actuating cylinder, and the damping control system is based on the slave arm
- the impact parameter information acquired by the rack determines the control signal, and then controls the damping of the reversible phase change liquid in real time according to the control signal, thereby adjusting the buffering force of the anti-backlash buffer device of the boom to enable the boom system to be in the specified buffer stroke
- the stored elastic potential energy provides optimum cushioning force to prevent the boom from breaking or tipping over.
- the damping control system can obtain the impact parameter information in real time, and calculate the buffering force required for the anti-rollover of the boom in real time according to the obtained impact parameter information, the real-time response force of the boom can be realized by the high response speed of the reversible phase-change liquid. Control and adjustment, to meet the needs of damping control under different working conditions, better adaptability, and improve energy utilization efficiency.
- the damping controller can directly extract the corresponding control parameter information from the anti-rollover control parameter table through the impact parameter information, or can calculate the control parameter information in real time according to the impact parameter information through the boom tilt calculation module, and the control parameter acquisition forms are various. , can be selective.
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Abstract
一种臂架防后倾缓冲装置,包括作动缸(10),该作动缸(10)包括:主缸体(20);活塞(21),将活塞腔分为有杆腔(22)和无杆腔(23),在有杆腔(22)和无杆腔(23)之间设置有连通两个腔体的阻尼通道(24);活塞杆(25);阻尼控制系统(40),连接至臂架和作动缸(10),并根据冲击参数信息计算当前臂架后倾的最优缓冲力;场发生器,改变作动缸(10)内的场强。该臂架防后倾缓冲装置能够在起重臂发生倾翻之前计算出缓冲装置的最优缓冲力,并在发生倾翻时通过可逆相变液体的快速响应实时调整缓冲力,控制精确,可以满足不同工况下的臂架后倾缓冲处理。
Description
臂架防后倾缓冲装置 技术领域 本发明涉及变阻尼器件, 具体而言, 涉及一种臂架防后倾缓冲装置。 背景技术 工程机械中大型桁架臂、 箱型臂由于其长细比大, 在重载作用下变形显著, 可看 作柔性体。 在加载过程中, 柔性体逐渐发生变形存贮弹性势能; 在突然卸载时, 臂架 在弹性势能的驱动下发生剧烈振动,对于仰角较大的,例如仰角达到 80度左右的臂架, 弹性势能释放甚至有可能驱动臂架整体倾翻。 臂架在突然卸载的冲击作用下, 将在刚性转动的同时伴随自身的振动, 运动形式 复杂, 臂架转角、 角速度、 角加速度均随时间发生剧烈变化, 针对不同的运动参量进 行缓冲可设计不同的缓冲装置。 现有缓冲装置可分为刚度缓冲和阻尼缓冲两类, 其中 刚度缓冲的对象是臂架转角, 如弹簧缓冲器, 阻尼缓冲的对象是臂架角速度, 如液压 缓冲器。 但是无论是哪种缓冲装置, 其缓冲特性都固定, 使得缓冲力不可控, 对工况的适 应性弱, 因此不适合于为大型臂架在不同工况下提供优化缓冲力。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 能够通过阻尼控制系统所获取的冲击 参数信息来控制可逆相变液体的阻尼, 在起重臂发生倾翻之前计算出缓冲装置的最优 缓冲力, 并在发生倾翻时通过可逆相变液体的快速响应实时调整缓冲力, 控制精确, 可以满足不同工况下的臂架后倾缓冲处理。 为了实现上述目的, 根据本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 包括: 作动缸, 设置在臂架支座和臂架之间, 包括: 主缸体; 活塞腔, 位于主缸体内; 活塞, 设置在活塞腔内, 并将活塞腔分为有杆腔和无杆腔; 阻尼通道, 设置在活塞腔 外侧, 并连通有杆腔和无杆腔, 还包括: 场发生器, 根据接收到的外部控制信号改变 作动缸内的场强; 阻尼控制系统, 输入端连接在冲击作用件上, 输出端连接在场发生 器上, 根据接收到的冲击参数信息得到防止臂架后倾的外部控制信号, 根据外部控制
信号控制场发生器的场强, 其中冲击作用件为臂架或者设置在活塞上的活塞杆; 在有 杆腔、 无杆腔和阻尼通道中内置有可逆相变液体。 进一步地, 作动缸的一端固定设置在臂架支座上, 另一端连接至臂架或者朝向臂 架延伸, 或作动缸的一端固定设置在臂架上, 另一端连接至臂架支座或者朝向臂架支 座延伸。 进一步地, 阻尼控制系统包括: 传感系统, 连接至臂架, 并获取冲击参数信息; 阻尼控制器, 接收传感系统所获取的冲击参数信息, 并根据冲击参数信息输出控制信 号; 功率放大系统, 输入端连接阻尼控制器, 输出端连接至作动缸, 将阻尼控制器输 出的控制信号放大后输送至作动缸。 进一步地, 阻尼控制系统还包括防倾翻控制参数表, 防倾翻控制参数表连接至阻 尼控制器, 并内置防倾翻控制参数, 阻尼控制器根据接收到的冲击参数信息从防倾翻 控制参数表中提取相应的防倾翻控制参数。 进一步地, 阻尼控制系统还包括臂架倾翻计算模块, 设置在传感系统和阻尼控制 器之间, 接收传感系统获取的冲击参数信息, 并实时计算得出防倾翻控制参数, 输送 至阻尼控制器。 进一步地, 冲击参数信息包括下列参数之一或者任意组合: 臂架转角、 速度、 加 速度、 风速、 吊载重量。 进一步地, 场发生器为在作动缸内产生可控磁场的线圈, 或者在作动缸内产生可 控电场的成对电极。 进一步地, 可逆相变液体为磁流变液, 场发生器设置在主缸体外周, 作动缸还包 括: 副缸, 固定设置在主缸体的外壁上, 两端具有副缸盖; 励磁线圈, 设置在副缸的 缸筒内, 并与阻尼控制系统连接, 阻尼通道穿过励磁线圈的中心; 阻尼线圈盒, 贴紧 副缸的缸筒内缸壁设置, 并具有励磁线圈安装槽,励磁线圈设置在励磁线圈安装槽内, 阻尼通道沿长度方向贯穿阻尼线圈盒。 进一步地, 阻尼通道与有杆腔和无杆腔连接的两个端口分别位于有杆腔和无杆腔 的端部位置。 进一步地, 副缸有多个, 沿主缸体的外壁周向方向均匀设置。
进一步地, 可逆相变液体为电流变液, 场发生器设置在主缸体外周, 作动缸还包 括: 副缸, 固定设置在主缸体的外壁上, 两端具有副缸盖; 正极套和负极套, 分别紧 贴副缸的缸筒内壁并相对设置, 正极套和负极套分别连接至阻尼控制系统, 且在正极 套和负极套之间形成阻尼通道。 进一步地, 正极套设置在副缸内侧的缸筒内壁上, 负极套设置在副缸外侧的缸筒 内壁上, 阻尼通道与有杆腔和无杆腔连接的两个端口分别位于有杆腔和无杆腔的端部 位置。 进一步地, 副缸有多个, 沿主缸体的外壁周向方向均匀设置。 根据本发明的技术方案, 臂架防后倾缓冲装置包括作动缸和与作动缸连接的阻尼 控制系统, 阻尼控制系统根据从臂架获取的冲击参数信息确定控制信号, 然后根据控 制信号实时控制可逆相变液体的阻尼, 从而调整臂架防后倾缓冲装置的缓冲力大小, 使其能够在指定的缓冲行程内对臂架系统释放储存的弹性势能提供最优的缓冲力, 避 免臂架折断或倾翻。 由于阻尼控制系统能够实时获取冲击参数信息, 并根据所获取的 冲击参数信息实时计算臂架防倾翻所需要的缓冲力, 通过可逆相变液体的高响应速度 实现了对臂架缓冲力的实时控制和调整, 满足了不同工况下的阻尼控制需要, 适应性 更好, 而且提高了能量利用效率。 阻尼控制器可以通过冲击参数信息直接从防倾翻控 制参数表中提取相应的控制参数信息, 也可以通过臂架倾翻计算模块根据冲击参数信 息计算实时得出控制参数信息, 控制参数获取形式多样, 可选择性好。 附图说明 构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示意性实 施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1示出了根据本发明的防后倾缓冲装置在起重机上的安装示意图; 图 2示出了根据本发明的第一实施例的防后倾缓冲装置的结构示意图; 图 3示出了根据本发明的第二实施例的防后倾缓冲装置的结构示意图; 图 4示出了根据本发明的实施例的防后倾缓冲装置的第一阻尼控制系统原理图; 以及 图 5示出了根据本发明的实施例的防后倾缓冲装置的第二阻尼控制系统原理图。
具体实施方式 下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的 情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。 目前可逆相变液体主要为磁流变液或电流变液, 以磁流变液为例, 这种可逆相变 液体是由细小的软磁性颗粒分散于磁导率较低的载液中形成的阻尼可随外加磁场变化 而具有可控流变特性的悬浮液体, 在磁场作用下, 磁流变液可在毫秒级时间内实现由 牛顿流体到半固体的可逆变化; 在撤去磁场后, 磁流变液又可以恢复原态。 与此类似, 电流变液是在电场的作用下, 可逆相变液体从液态变为固态。 根据本发明的实施例, 臂架防后倾缓冲装置包括有活塞腔, 活塞将活塞腔分成有 杆腔和无杆腔两个部分, 有杆腔和无杆腔通过阻尼通道连通, 在活塞腔以及阻尼通道 内均设置有可逆相变液体, 通过调整可逆相变液体的物相状态来改变可逆相变液体的 阻尼, 从而对活塞杆的缓冲作用力进行调整, 使其满足使用需要。 可逆相变液体为磁 流变液或者电流变液等物相可变的液体。 臂架防后倾缓冲装置的作动缸 10设置在起重机的臂架支座 60和臂架 61之间,例 如, 其可以固定安装在臂架支座 60上, 也可以固定安装在臂架 61上。作动缸 10包括 活塞腔和活塞、 活塞杆。 场发生器可以设置在主缸体 20的外周, 也可以设置在主缸体 20的缸壁内, 或者 设置在其它任何能够根据外部控制信号对作动缸 10内的场强进行调整的位置,通过外 部信号对场发生器的场强进行调整, 从而调整作动缸 10内的场强,进而改变设置在作 动缸 10内的可逆相变液体的物相状态, 达到改变可逆相变液体阻尼的目的。 如图 1 至图 5所示, 根据本发明的防后倾缓冲装置安装在起重机的臂架支座 60 上, 阻尼控制系统 40通过安装在起重机臂架 61上的传感系统 41采集冲击参数信息, 并输出控制信号, 控制防后倾缓冲装置的缓冲力大小。 通常情况下防后倾缓冲装置与 臂架 61不相接触, 在臂架 61变幅运动过程中, 防后倾缓冲装置通过采集冲击参数信 息实时计算当前发生突然卸载情况下, 缓冲装置应当提供的缓冲力大小; 在发生突然 卸载时, 臂架 61向后倾翻, 冲击防后倾缓冲装置, 缓冲装置根据之前计算的缓冲力大 小调整缓冲装置的可逆相变液体 30的阻尼,使得防后倾缓冲装置提供之前计算所得出 的防止起重臂折断和倾翻的最优缓冲力。 传感系统 41也可以直接安装在活塞杆 25上, 当臂架释放弹性势能后, 对活塞杆 25造成冲击, 使活塞杆 25产生瞬间加速度, 传感系统 41将从活塞杆 25上采集到的
瞬间加速度传递给防后倾缓冲装置, 防后倾缓冲装置根据加速度信息进行计算, 得出 防止臂架折断或者倾翻所需的合适的控制参数, 并将其转化为外部控制信号, 传递给 场发生器, 从而控制场发生器的场强, 进而控制可逆相变液体 30的阻尼, 使防后倾缓 冲装置输出经过计算所得的最优缓冲力, 对臂架的弹性势能进行有效缓冲。 如图 2、 图 4和图 5所示, 根据本发明的第一实施例, 防后倾缓冲装置包括作动 缸 10和阻尼控制系统 40。 作动缸 10包括主缸体 20, 在主缸体 20的两端设置有主缸 盖 27, 使主缸体 20形成密封的活塞腔。 主缸体 20固定设置在起重机的臂架支座 60 上, 并通过从起重机的支架斜向上伸出的支撑杆对主缸体 20形成支撑, 使主缸体 20 朝向臂架的运动方向。 在主缸体 20的活塞腔内沿轴向方向设置有活塞 21, 活塞 21的 一端设置有活塞杆 25, 活塞杆 25穿过主缸体 20—端的主缸盖 27伸出主缸体 20外, 并设置在臂架的冲击路线上。 在活塞杆 25与主缸盖 27的配合处设置有密封圈 26, 密 封圈 26设置在活塞杆 25与主缸盖 27之间, 一方面对活塞腔形成良好的密封作用, 另 一方面可以有效减少活塞杆 25在运动过程中与主缸盖 27之间的摩擦作用, 延长活塞 杆 25与主缸盖 27的使用寿命, 提高活塞 21的工作性能。 活塞 21将活塞腔分为有杆 腔 22和无杆腔 23, 随着活塞 21的运动, 有杆腔 22和无杆腔 23的容积也不断发生相 应的变化。 在主缸体 20的外壁上固定设置有副缸 50, 副缸 50包括副缸筒和设置在副缸筒两 端的副缸盖 51, 副缸筒为两端具有开口的圆筒状结构, 与两端的副缸盖 51配合, 形 成密闭的空腔。在副缸 50与主缸体 20配合处的外缸壁上具有与主缸体 20的外缸壁结 构相配合的结构, 以保证副缸 50的外缸壁紧密贴合在主缸体 20的外缸壁上。优选地, 在一个未示出的实施例中, 在主缸体 20上具有定位副缸 50位置的定位结构, 以便保 证副缸 50在主缸体 20上准确安装。优选地, 缸盖 51由具有隔磁作用的材料制成, 能 够有效防止磁力泄漏。 在该密闭空腔内设置有阻尼线圈盒 53, 阻尼线圈盒 53贴紧副 缸 50的内壁设置, 从而获得良好的定位。 在阻尼线圈盒 53的外周壁上设置有励磁线 圈安装槽, 励磁线圈 52安装在励磁线圈安装槽内。 励磁线圈 52有多组, 并且沿活塞 杆 21的轴向方向均匀排列在励磁线圈安装槽内。 阻尼线圈盒 53的结构简单, 加工方 便, 而且容易通过副缸 50进行定位, 从而对励磁线圈 52也形成良好的定位结构, 使 励磁线圈 52获得良好的磁感应效果, 成本较低, 性能优良。 优选地, 副缸 50有多个, 沿主缸体 20的外壁周向方向均匀设置, 能够保证活塞 21在工作过程中所承受的磁流 变液的阻尼结构受力平衡, 而且性能更加可靠。 在阻尼线圈盒 53内设置有阻尼通道 24。 阻尼通道 24沿轴向方向贯穿整个阻尼线 圈盒 53, 并穿过各组励磁线圈 52的中心位置的阻尼线圈盒 53设置。 在有杆腔 22和
无杆腔 23的两端端部位置设置有沿主缸体 20径向方向延伸的阻尼通道 24, 阻尼通道 24穿过主缸体 20和副缸 50的一侧筒壁, 并延伸至阻尼线圈盒 53内, 与轴向方向的 阻尼通道 24衔接, 形成连通有杆腔 22和无杆腔 23的通道。 在活塞腔和阻尼通道 24 内均充满了可逆相变液体 30, 在本实施例中, 该可逆相变液体 30为磁流变液, 通过 改变通过励磁线圈 52中的电流的大小, 对励磁线圈 52所形成的磁通量进行改变, 从 而使其调整磁流变液的状态, 改变磁流变液的阻尼, 获得需要的阻尼, 从而改变对臂 架的缓冲力。 在臂架 61与作动缸 10之间连接有阻尼控制系统 40, 阻尼控制系统 40从臂架 61 获取冲击参数信息, 然后根据获取的冲击参数信息确定所要输出的控制信号, 最后将 确定的控制信号输出至作动缸 10, 实现对作动缸 10中的可逆相变液体 30即磁流变液 的阻尼的实时控制, 从而能够实时调整臂架防后倾缓冲装置的缓冲作用力, 更加方便 快速地消除臂架由于卸载所释放出来的弹性势能, 具有良好的适应性。 冲击参数信息 包括臂架转角、 速度、 加速度、 风速、 及吊载重量中的任意一种或者任意几种的组合。 请参阅图 4, 阻尼控制系统 40包括有传感系统 41、 阻尼控制器 42和功率放大系 统 43。 传感系统 41连接至臂架, 具有多个传感器, 获取臂架 61上的多个不同的冲击 参数信息, 并将这些冲击参数信息传递给阻尼控制器 42, 阻尼控制器 42在接收到这 些来自于传感系统 41的冲击参数信息之后,根据这些冲击参数信息确定并输出控制信 号, 功率放大系统 43包括功率放大器, 输入端连接至阻尼控制器 42, 输出端连接至 作动缸 10的励磁线圈 52,将阻尼控制器 42所输出的控制信号放大后输送至作动缸 10, 通过控制信号改变通过励磁线圈 52中的电流的大小, 从而实时控制作动缸 10的缓冲 作用力。 阻尼控制系统 40的输入端连接在作动缸 10的活塞杆 25上时, 当臂架 61释放弹 性势能并对活塞杆 25造成冲击后,传感系统 41从活塞杆 25上获取冲击参数信息,例 如加速度等, 然后将获取的冲击参数信息传递给阻尼控制器 42, 阻尼控制器 42在接 收到这些来自于传感系统 41的冲击参数信息之后,根据这些冲击参数信息确定并输出 控制信号, 功率放大系统 43将控制信号放大后输送至作动缸 10, 并通过控制信号控 制磁流变液的物相状态, 从而实时控制作动缸 10的缓冲作用力。 控制信号的获取可以通过设置防倾翻控制参数表获得。在阻尼控制系统 40中还包 括有防倾翻控制参数表 44, 防倾翻控制参数表 44内存储有根据不同冲击参数信息通 过经验公式或者其它的计算公式所获得的防倾翻控制参数。防倾翻控制参数表 44连接 至阻尼控制器 42, 当阻尼控制器 42从传感系统 41中接收到冲击参数信息后, 从防倾 翻控制参数表 44中直接根据冲击参数信息调取对应的防倾翻控制参数,然后将这些防
倾翻控制参数转换为控制信号, 经过放大系统的放大后传送至作动缸 10 上的场发生 器, 对作动缸 10的场发生器的场强进行实时控制。 控制信号的获取还可以同时实时在线计算方式获得。在阻尼控制系统 40内包括有 臂架倾翻计算模块 45, 该臂架倾翻计算模块 45设置在传感系统 41和阻尼控制器 42 之间,在接收到传感系统 41从臂架所获取的冲击参数信息之后,根据设置在臂架倾翻 计算模块 45中的计算公式(可以为经验公式)获取当前的冲击参数信息条件下的防倾 翻控制参数,然后将计算出的防倾翻控制参数输送至阻尼控制器 42, 由阻尼控制器 42 将防倾翻控制参数转换为外部控制信号, 并输送至作动缸 10。 在臂架倾翻时, 臂架驱动活塞 21在主缸体 20中向右运动,压缩主缸体 20中的磁 流变液, 磁流变液经阻尼通道 24流入主缸体 20的有杆腔 22, 由磁流变液为活塞 21 提供缓冲力; 阻尼控制系统 40实时检测传感系统 41从臂架 61或者活塞杆 25上所获 取的冲击参数信息, 控制励磁线圈 52上的电流, 进而控制励磁线圈 52所产生的磁场 强度,通过调整磁场强度来调整磁流变液的物相状态, 使位于励磁线圈 52包围中的阻 尼通道 24内的磁流变液由牛顿流体逐渐向半固体状态转变, 从而使阻尼通道 24内的 磁流变液阻尼不断增大, 直至满足外部控制信号的调节要求, 有杆腔 22和无杆腔 23 内的磁流变液由于阻尼通道 24内的磁流变液的状态变化而无法自由流动,从而达到控 制并调节阻尼通道 24中磁流变液的阻尼, 对于从臂架 61中所释放处的弹性势能形成 有效缓冲的目的, 对臂架 61形成保护, 防止其倾翻或者折断。 也可以将活塞杆 25的一端固定设置在起重机的臂架支座 60上, 然后将主缸体 20 可移动地设置在从起重机的支架斜向上伸出的支撑杆上,并使主缸体 20的运动方向朝 向臂架 61 的运动方向。 传感系统 41连接在主缸体 20上或者臂架 61上, 当臂架 61 释放弹性势能后, 对主缸体 20造成冲击, 传感系统 41将获取的冲击参数信息传送至 阻尼控制系统 40的其它部分进行分析计算,得到防倾翻控制参数信息, 并转换为外部 控制信号, 传送至场发生器, 通过阻尼控制系统 40的控制作用, 对场发生器的场强进 行控制, 在活塞杆 25和主缸体 20的配合作用下, 调节可逆相变液体 30的阻尼, 使防 后倾缓冲装置对臂架运动形成最优缓冲作用, 从而防止臂架 61折断或者倾翻。 如图 3、 图 4和图 5所示, 根据本发明的第二实施例, 臂架防后倾缓冲装置包括 作动缸 10和阻尼控制系统 40。 作动缸 10包括主缸体 20, 在主缸体 20的两端设置有 主缸盖 27, 使主缸体 20形成密封的活塞腔。 在主缸体 20的活塞腔内沿轴向方向设置 有活塞 21, 活塞 21的一端设置有活塞杆 25, 活塞杆 25穿过主缸体 20—端的主缸盖 27伸出主缸体 20外, 并朝向臂架 61方向设置在臂架 61的冲击路线上。 在活塞杆 25 与主缸盖 27的配合处设置有密封圈 26,密封圈 26设置在活塞杆 25与主缸盖 27之间,
一方面对活塞腔形成良好的密封作用,另一方面可以有效减少活塞杆 25在运动过程中 与主缸盖 27之间的摩擦作用, 延长活塞杆 25与主缸盖 27的使用寿命, 提高活塞 21 的工作性能。 活塞 21将活塞腔分为有杆腔 22和无杆腔 23, 随着活塞 21的运动, 有 杆腔 22和无杆腔 23的容积也不断发生相应的变化。 在主缸体 20的外壁上固定设置有副缸 50, 副缸 50包括副缸筒和设置在副缸筒两 端的副缸盖 51, 并形成密闭的空腔。 优选地, 缸盖 51 以及副缸缸筒由具有绝缘作用 的材料制成, 能够有效防止电流泄漏, 造成安全隐患。 在副缸筒的内筒壁上相对设置 有正极套 54和负极套 55, 正极套 54和负极套 55均紧贴副缸 50的缸筒内壁设置, 且 分别连接至阻尼控制系统 40。 在正极套 54和负极套 55之间形成由阻尼通道 24。 在本实施例中, 正极套 54设置在副缸 50内侧的缸筒内壁上, 负极套 55设置在副 缸 50外侧的缸筒内壁上。这种结构可以有效提高本实施例中的防后倾缓冲装置的安全 性能。在有杆腔 22和无杆腔 23的两端端部位置设置有沿主缸体 20径向方向延伸的阻 尼通道 24, 阻尼通道 24穿过主缸体 20和副缸 50的一侧筒壁, 并延伸至正极套 54和 负极套 55之间所形成的阻尼通道 24, 将有杆腔 22和无杆腔 23连通。 优选地, 副缸 50有多个, 沿主缸体 20的外壁轴向方向均匀设置, 能够保证活塞 21在工作过程中所 承受的磁流变液的阻尼结构受力平衡, 而且性能更加可靠。 在活塞腔和阻尼通道 24内充满了可逆相变液体 30, 在本实施例中, 该可逆相变 液体 30为电流变液。通过改变施加在正极套 54和负极套 55上的电压或者电流, 改变 阻尼通道 24内的电流变液的阻尼, 使其满足臂架 61防后倾的需要。在臂架 61与作动 缸 10之间连接有阻尼控制系统 40, 阻尼控制系统 40从臂架 61或者活塞杆 25获取冲 击参数信息, 然后根据获取的冲击参数信息确定所要输出的控制信号, 最后将确定的 控制信号输出至场发生器,调节场发生器的场强, 从而调节可逆相变液体 30即电流变 液的物相状态, 实现对作动缸 10中的电流变液的阻尼的实时控制, 从而能够实时调整 臂架防后倾缓冲装置的缓冲作用力, 更加方便快速地消除臂架由于卸载所释放出来的 弹性势能, 具有良好的适应性。 冲击参数信息包括臂架转角、 速度、 加速度、 风速、 及吊载重量中的任意一种或者任意几种的组合。 阻尼控制系统 40的结构及其作用原理与第一实施例中的阻尼控制系统 40的结构 及其工作原理类似, 这里不再详述。 在臂架倾翻时, 臂架驱动活塞 21在主缸体 20中向右运动,压缩主缸体 20中的电 流变液, 电流变液经阻尼通道 24流入主缸体 20的有杆腔 22内, 由电流变液为活塞 21提供缓冲力; 阻尼控制系统 40实时检测传感系统 41从臂架 61或者活塞杆 25上所
获取的冲击参数信息, 控制正极套 54和负极套 55上的电流或电压影响场发生器, 使 场发生器的电场强度发生改变,位于电场影响范围内的阻尼通道 24内的电流变液的物 相也随之发生改变, 从而控制阻尼通道 24中电流变液的阻尼。 根据本发明的防后倾缓冲装置可以通过各种适当的方式安装到起重机上, 例如, 可以将作动缸 10的主缸体 20和活塞杆 25其中之一固定安装在臂架支座 60上, 另外 之一则与臂架 61接触或者朝向臂架 61延伸, 或者将作动缸 10的主缸体 20和活塞杆 25其中之一固定安装在臂架 61上, 另外之一则与臂架支座 61接触或者朝向臂架支座 61延伸。 当采用作动缸 10的主缸体 20固定安装在臂架支座 61上, 活塞杆 25与臂架 61接触的安装方式时, 臂架 61则使用与活塞杆 25的末端保持接触; 当采用作动缸 10 的主缸体 20固定安装在臂架支座 61上,作动缸 10的活塞杆 25朝向臂架 61延伸的安 装方式时, 活塞杆 25的末端通常不予臂架 61接触, 只有当臂架 61转动到一定位置时 才会与活塞杆 25的末端接触, 并对活塞杆 25造成冲击, 此时臂架防后倾装置才会起 到缓冲作用。 另外两种安装方式与此类同, 不再赘述。 从以上的描述中, 可以看出, 本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果: 臂架防 后倾缓冲装置包括作动缸和与作动缸连接的阻尼控制系统, 阻尼控制系统根据从臂架 获取的冲击参数信息确定控制信号,然后根据控制信号实时控制可逆相变液体的阻尼, 从而调整臂架防后倾缓冲装置的缓冲力大小, 使其能够在指定的缓冲行程内对臂架系 统释放储存的弹性势能提供最优的缓冲力, 避免臂架折断或倾翻。 由于阻尼控制系统 能够实时获取冲击参数信息, 并根据所获取的冲击参数信息实时计算臂架防倾翻所需 要的缓冲力,通过可逆相变液体的高响应速度实现了对臂架缓冲力的实时控制和调整, 满足了不同工况下的阻尼控制需要, 适应性更好, 而且提高了能量利用效率。 阻尼控 制器可以通过冲击参数信息直接从防倾翻控制参数表中提取相应的控制参数信息, 也 可以通过臂架倾翻计算模块根据冲击参数信息计算实时得出控制参数信息, 控制参数 获取形式多样, 可选择性好。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims
1. 一种臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 包括:
作动缸 (10), 设置在臂架支座 (60) 和臂架 (61 ) 之间, 包括: 主缸体 (20);
活塞腔, 位于所述主缸体 (20) 内;
活塞(21 ), 设置在所述活塞腔内, 并将所述活塞腔分为有杆腔(22)和无 杆腔 (23 );
阻尼通道(24), 设置在所述活塞腔外侧, 并连通所述有杆腔(22)和所述 无杆腔 (23 ), 其特征在于, 还包括:
场发生器, 根据接收到的外部控制信号改变所述作动缸 (10) 内的场强; 阻尼控制系统(40), 输入端连接在冲击作用件上, 输出端连接在所述场发 生器上, 根据接收到的冲击参数信息得到防止所述臂架 (61 ) 后倾的所述外部 控制信号, 根据所述外部控制信号控制所述场发生器的场强, 其中所述冲击作 用件为所述臂架 (61 ) 或者设置在所述活塞 (21 ) 上的活塞杆 (25 );
在所述有杆腔(22)、 所述无杆腔(23 )和所述阻尼通道(24) 中内置有可 逆相变液体 (30)。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述作动缸 (10) 的一端固定设置在所述臂架支座 (60) 上, 另一端连接至所述臂架 (61 ) 或者 朝向所述臂架 (61 ) 延伸, 或
所述作动缸 (10) 的一端固定设置在所述臂架 (61 ) 上, 另一端连接至所 述臂架支座 (60) 或者朝向所述臂架支座 (60) 延伸。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述阻尼控制系统
(40) 包括:
传感系统 (41 ), 连接至所述臂架, 并获取所述冲击参数信息; 阻尼控制器 (42), 接收所述传感系统 (41 ) 所获取的所述冲击参数信息, 并根据所述冲击参数信息输出所述控制信号; 功率放大系统 (43 ), 输入端连接所述阻尼控制器 (42), 输出端连接至所 述作动缸(10), 将所述阻尼控制器(42)输出的所述控制信号放大后输送至所 述作动缸 (10)。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述阻尼控制系统
(40)还包括防倾翻控制参数表(44), 所述防倾翻控制参数表(44)连接至所 述阻尼控制器(42), 并内置防倾翻控制参数, 所述阻尼控制器(42)根据接收 到的所述冲击参数信息从所述防倾翻控制参数表 (44) 中提取相应的所述防倾 翻控制参数。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述阻尼控制系统
(40)还包括臂架倾翻计算模块(45 ), 设置在所述传感系统(41 )和所述阻尼 控制器 (42) 之间, 接收所述传感系统 (41 ) 获取的所述冲击参数信息, 并实 时计算得出防倾翻控制参数, 输送至所述阻尼控制器 (42)。
6. 根据权利要求 1至 5中任一项所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述 冲击参数信息包括下列参数之一或者任意组合: 臂架转角、 速度、 加速度、 风 速、 吊载重量。
7. 根据权利要求 1至 5中任一项所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述 场发生器为在所述作动缸 (10) 内产生可控磁场的线圈, 或者在作动缸 (10) 内产生可控电场的成对电极。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述可逆相变液体
(30) 为磁流变液, 所述场发生器设置在所述主缸体 (20) 的外周, 所述作动 缸 (10) 还包括:
副缸(50), 固定设置在所述主缸体(20)的外壁上,两端具有副缸盖(51 ); 励磁线圈 (52), 设置在所述副缸(50) 的缸筒内, 并与所述阻尼控制系统 (40) 连接, 所述阻尼通道 (24) 穿过所述励磁线圈 (52) 的中心;
阻尼线圈盒(53 ), 贴紧所述副缸(50) 的缸筒内缸壁设置, 并具有励磁线 圈安装槽, 所述励磁线圈 (52) 设置在所述励磁线圈安装槽内, 所述阻尼通道 (24) 沿长度方向贯穿所述阻尼线圈盒 (53 )。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述阻尼通道(24) 与所述有杆腔 (22) 和所述无杆腔 (23 ) 连接的两个端口分别位于所述有杆腔
(22) 和所述无杆腔 (23 ) 的端部位置。
10. 根据权利要求 8所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述副缸 (50) 有 多个, 沿所述主缸体 (20) 的外壁周向方向均匀设置。
11. 根据权利要求 7所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述可逆相变液体
(30) 为电流变液, 所述场发生器设置在所述主缸体 (20) 的外周, 所述作动 缸 (10) 还包括:
副缸(50), 固定设置在所述主缸体(20)的外壁上,两端具有副缸盖(51 ); 正极套(54)和负极套(55 ), 分别紧贴所述副缸(50) 的缸筒内壁并相对 设置,所述正极套(54)和所述负极套(55 )分别连接至所述阻尼控制系统(40), 且在所述正极套 (54) 和所述负极套 (55 ) 之间形成所述阻尼通道 (24)。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述正极套 (54) 设置在所述副缸 (50) 内侧的所述缸筒内壁上, 所述负极套 (55 ) 设置在所述 副缸 (50) 外侧的所述缸筒内壁上, 所述阻尼通道 (24) 与所述有杆腔 (22) 和所述无杆腔 (23 ) 连接的两个端口分别位于所述有杆腔 (22) 和所述无杆腔
(23 ) 的端部位置。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的臂架防后倾缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 所述副缸(50)有 多个, 沿所述主缸体 (20) 的外壁周向方向均匀设置。
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| CN102275841A (zh) * | 2011-06-15 | 2011-12-14 | 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司 | 臂架防后倾缓冲装置 |
| CN102515043B (zh) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-12-25 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | 臂架防后倾装置及其控制方法、履带式起重机 |
| CN102745611B (zh) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-10-01 | 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 | 海洋平台吊机的液压变幅缓冲装置 |
| CN102765666B (zh) * | 2012-07-19 | 2014-04-02 | 山东电力建设第二工程公司 | 一种起重机塔式工况副臂限位调整方法 |
| CN102862922B (zh) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-09-24 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | 一种起重机及其防后倾控制方法、防后倾控制系统 |
| CN103641004A (zh) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-19 | 无锡起岸重工机械有限公司 | 桁架式海洋平台起重机变幅限位机构 |
| CN105084234B (zh) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-11 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | 起重机及其臂架防后倾装置 |
| CN105731279B (zh) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-05-31 | 合肥工业大学 | 起重机参数类型的识别方法、响应误差控制方法和系统 |
| CN113928991B (zh) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-09-01 | 山东建筑大学 | 一种塔机起重臂臂端轨迹的监测方法及装置 |
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| TWI896728B (zh) * | 2020-08-17 | 2025-09-11 | 比利時商黛咪離岸Be公司 | 具有力吸收基座之起重裝置及用於在例如由於負載自其懸置之變幅纜線斷裂而突然失去該負載之情況下抵銷吊桿之傾翻的輔助裝置 |
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