WO2012168606A1 - Pressurized fluid tank - Google Patents

Pressurized fluid tank Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012168606A1
WO2012168606A1 PCT/FR2012/050970 FR2012050970W WO2012168606A1 WO 2012168606 A1 WO2012168606 A1 WO 2012168606A1 FR 2012050970 W FR2012050970 W FR 2012050970W WO 2012168606 A1 WO2012168606 A1 WO 2012168606A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic charge
tank
valve
tank according
thermocouple
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2012/050970
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Antoine Frenal
Simon Jallais
Sidonie Ruban
Original Assignee
L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of WO2012168606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012168606A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0382—Constructional details of valves, regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
    • F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
    • F17C2270/0745—Gas bottles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fluid reservoir under pressure.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a pressurized fluid reservoir comprising an orifice provided with a control member for filling and / or withdrawal of fluid from the reservoir, the control member comprising a safety device for the evacuation of the fluid. contained in the tank in case of fire, the safety device comprising a drain valve normally in the closed position and capable of allowing the tank to be emptied when the valve is in the open position, a pyrotechnic charge connected to the valve for selectively actuating the valve emptying in an open position during the combustion of said pyrotechnic charge, the pyrotechnic charge being connected to at least one detecting member of a fire situation and priming of the pyrotechnic charge.
  • the bottles or tanks are equipped with a safety device to empty the gaseous content of the tank when it may burst due to exposure. to a source of heat.
  • the increase in the temperature of the tanks can lead to an increase in the internal pressure and / or the loss of resistance of its walls.
  • a first solution consists in directly detecting the overpressures using a rupture disk, that is to say a thin metal membrane whose function is to discharge the gas after its tearing when the pressure threshold is exceeded.
  • Another solution is to detect the surrounding temperature of the tank to thus anticipate any increase in pressure.
  • This solution generally uses either a thermal fuse, that is to say a metal eutectic that melts under the action of the temperature of the fire, or a glass bubble ("glassbulb") enclosing a liquid dilating enough to break this bubble. This rupture makes it possible to move a valve breaking the seal of an evacuation passage.
  • a shape memory material whose shape changes beyond a certain temperature threshold is used. This deformation generates the opening of the valve thus releasing the pressure contained in the reservoir.
  • an outer casing generally made of carbon fibers, embedded in epoxy resin whose role is to ensure the mechanical strength of the package vis-à-vis the pressure of the stored gas, - a metal base of which the role is to allow the connection of the bottle with a tap or tap with integrated trigger ensuring the fluid connection with the application.
  • the tanks reinforced by a winding of carbon and resin are highly insulating and lose their mechanical characteristics during a fire.
  • the overpressure detection safety devices (rupture discs) do not work because the fire resistance time of the composite tanks is less than the time it takes for the internal temperature to increase significantly and therefore to the pressure to reach the threshold of rupture of the disk.
  • the completely metallic structure which is much more heat-conducting, is much more resistant to flames and therefore tolerates a pressure rise sufficient to tear the rupture disc well before bursting.
  • the composite structure of type III or IV tanks is very sensitive to heat during a generalized fire but also and especially when there is a localized source with a high energy density (for example of the type of a fire). torch).
  • a thermal fuse is not effective because the detection of the heat of this kind of device is located at the near perimeter of the detector and therefore requires that its environment is at the temperature at least equal to the activation temperature of the safety device (see for example EP2000719A1).
  • the document FR2895488A1 discloses a pressurized fluid reservoir provided with a safety device for evacuating the fluid contained in the reservoir in case of fire.
  • the safety device comprises a drain valve actuable by a pyrotechnic primer connected to a flammable wick wound around the tank.
  • This type of device however, has the disadvantage of requiring direct contact between the flammable wick and the air to ignite and therefore a risk of abrasion or breakage of the wick when handling the tank or even because of the aging of this wick ..
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
  • the tank according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the at least one detection and priming element comprises a thermocouple disposed at the level of the storage area of the tank and connected to the pyrotechnic charge via at least one transfer line of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouple.
  • embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
  • the reservoir comprises a plurality of spatially distributed thermocouples at the storage surface of the reservoir, each of the thermocouples being connected to the pyrotechnic charge via at least one transfer line of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouple,
  • the reservoir comprises between three and fifty thermocouples
  • the at least one transfer line comprises an electrical conducting wire such as a wire
  • the reservoir comprises at least one amplifier of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouple placed between the thermocouple and the pyrotechnic charge,
  • the at least one amplifier is disposed on a transfer line and / or at a collector electronic box,
  • the pyrotechnic charge comprises a solid or liquid explosive element comprising at least one of a propellant, gunpowder or any other suitable explosive,
  • the pyrotechnic charge comprises a thermally unstable element decomposing starting from a determined temperature
  • thermocouples are placed on the outer surface of the tank and / or in the thickness of the wall of the tank,
  • the reservoir is of the composite type.
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic and partial perspective view illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a reservoir according to the invention
  • - Figure 2 shows a schematic and partial sectional view of a detail of Figure 1 illustrating an embodiment of the control member filling / withdrawal tank of Figure 1.
  • the reservoir represented in FIG. 1 comprises an orifice provided with a member 2 for controlling the filling and / or the withdrawal of fluid from the reservoir 1.
  • the control member 2 may be a base for receiving a valve or may be a valve, with or without built-in expansion valve.
  • the control member 2 can be screwed into the threaded neck of the tank 1.
  • the control member 2 may comprise a connection 4 for withdrawal / filling preferably provided with an isolation valve (not shown for the sake of simplification).
  • the control member 2 conventionally comprises a safety device for discharging the fluid contained in the tank in case of fire.
  • This safety device comprises a normally closed drain valve 6 capable of allowing the tank 1 to be emptied when it is in the open position.
  • the valve 6 has a movable part forming a shutter of a passage 22 for discharging the pressurized fluid from the tank 1.
  • the valve 6 is biased in the closed position by a return member such as a spring 16.
  • a pyrotechnic charge 8 is connected to the drain valve 6 for selectively actuating this valve 6 in an open position during the combustion of said pyrotechnic charge 8.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 8 when activated in combustion, moves a pusher 7 against the valve 6, against the spring 16.
  • the valve 6 is then in the open position releasing the fluid passage between upstream pipes 21 and downstream 22.
  • the released fluid can be collected at a connection 5 which can be connected to a recovery system.
  • one end of the valve 6 can be mechanically locked in a stable holding system, for example via a resilient ring 3 which cooperates with notches 161 formed in the body of the valve 6.
  • the valve 6 is thus maintained in open position despite the action of spring 16.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 8 is connected to a plurality of thermocouples 11 distributed spatially on the tank 2.
  • the thermocouples 11 are arranged at the storage surface of the tank 1 (on the outer surface and / or in the thickness) and are connected to the pyrotechnic charge 8 via lines 1 1 1 of transfer of respective preferences.
  • These transfer lines 1 1 1, for example of the electrically conducting cable type copper or copper alloy for example or any other suitable material allow the transfer of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouples 1 1 subjected to high temperatures (eg above 120 degrees).
  • an optional electronic box 9 collects all the signals produced by the thermocouples and if necessary provides amplification before supplying the pyrotechnic charge 8.
  • thermocouples 11 are preferably low-impedance type temperature probes that produce electromotive forces (a few milliVolt) corresponding to temperature curves that are unique and unique for each thermocouple calibration.
  • the electromotive force is produced by the temperature gradients along the conductors (by Seebeck effect, Peltier effect or Thompson effect).
  • the opening of the valve 6 for emptying the tank 1 uses the energy produced by the combustion of a solid explosive 8 whose combustion is triggered by the energy produced by thermocouples 1 1.
  • thermocouples 1 1 In the event of thermal stress on the tank 1, the temperature of the thermocouples 1 1 increases and the electromotive force of the thermocouples 1 1 at the temperature considered is used to ignite the pyrotechnic charge 8.
  • the electromotive force produced by the thermocouple or thermocouples may, if necessary, be amplified electrically.
  • the energy produced by the pyrotechnic charge (the detonation pressure) is used to move the valve 6 in its open position allowing the release of the pressure of the gas and thus prevent the bursting of the tank 1.
  • the pyrotechnic charge is thermally unstable (i.e. decomposes at a threshold temperature, for example 120 ° C.).
  • the reaction energy produced during its decomposition is used to actuate the valve 6.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressurized fluid tank including an opening provided with a member (2) for controlling the filling of the tank (1) with fluid and/or the drawing of said fluid therefrom, the control member (2) including a safety device (5, 6, 10, 11, 8) for discharging the fluid contained inside the tank in the event of a fire, the safety device (5, 6, 10, 11, 8) including a drain valve (6), which is normally in closed position and which is capable of enabling the tank (1) to be drained when the valve (6) is in an open position, a pyrotechnic charge (8) being connected to the valve (6) in order to selectively actuate the drain valve (6) into open position upon the combustion of said pyrotechnic charge (8), the pyrotechnic charge (8) being connected to at least one member (11) for detecting a fire situation and priming the pyrotechnic charge (8), characterized in that the at least one detecting and priming member includes a thermocouple (11) arranged at the storage surface of the tank (1) and connected to the pyrotechnic charge (8) via at least one line (111) for transferring the electromotive force generated by the thermocouple (11).

Description

Réservoir de fluide sous pression  Pressure fluid tank
La présente invention concerne un réservoir de fluide sous pression. The present invention relates to a fluid reservoir under pressure.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un réservoir de fluide sous pression comprenant un orifice muni d'un organe de contrôle du remplissage et/ou du soutirage de fluide du réservoir, l'organe de contrôle comprenant un dispositif de sécurité pour l'évacuation du fluide contenu dans le réservoir en cas d'incendie, le dispositif de sécurité comprenant un clapet de vidange normalement en position fermée et susceptible de permettre la vidange du réservoir lorsque le clapet est en position ouverte, une charge pyrotechnique reliée au clapet pour actionner sélectivement le clapet de vidange dans une position d'ouverture lors de la combustion de ladite charge pyrotechnique, la charge pyrotechnique étant reliée à au moins un organe de détection d'une situation d'incendie et d'amorçage de la charge pyrotechnique.  The invention more particularly relates to a pressurized fluid reservoir comprising an orifice provided with a control member for filling and / or withdrawal of fluid from the reservoir, the control member comprising a safety device for the evacuation of the fluid. contained in the tank in case of fire, the safety device comprising a drain valve normally in the closed position and capable of allowing the tank to be emptied when the valve is in the open position, a pyrotechnic charge connected to the valve for selectively actuating the valve emptying in an open position during the combustion of said pyrotechnic charge, the pyrotechnic charge being connected to at least one detecting member of a fire situation and priming of the pyrotechnic charge.
Dans de nombreux cas et surtout dans les applications mobiles de l'hydrogène énergie, les bouteilles ou réservoirs sont équipés d'un dispositif de sécurité permettant de vider le contenu gazeux du réservoir lorsque celui-ci risque d'éclater du fait d'une exposition à une source de chaleur. L'augmentation de la température des réservoirs peut conduite en effet à une augmentation de la pression interne et/ou à la perte de résistance de ses parois. Il existe plusieurs types de dispositifs de sécurité permettant d'éviter l'éclatement.  In many cases and especially in the mobile applications of hydrogen energy, the bottles or tanks are equipped with a safety device to empty the gaseous content of the tank when it may burst due to exposure. to a source of heat. The increase in the temperature of the tanks can lead to an increase in the internal pressure and / or the loss of resistance of its walls. There are several types of safety devices to prevent bursting.
Une première solution consiste à détecter directement les surpressions en utilisant un disque de rupture, c'est-à-dire une membrane métallique mince dont la fonction est de décharger le gaz après son déchirement lorsque le seuil de pression est dépassé.  A first solution consists in directly detecting the overpressures using a rupture disk, that is to say a thin metal membrane whose function is to discharge the gas after its tearing when the pressure threshold is exceeded.
Une autre solution consiste à détecter la température environnante du réservoir pour anticiper ainsi toute élévation de pression. Cette solution utilise généralement soit un fusible thermique, c'est-à-dire un eutectique métallique qui fond sous l'action de la température du feu, soit une bulle de verre (« glassbulb ») enfermant un liquide se dilatant suffisamment pour casser cette bulle. Cette rupture permet de déplacer une valve rompant l'étanchéité d'un passage d'évacuation. Parfois, un matériau à mémoire de forme dont la forme change au-delà d'un certain seuil de température est utilisé. Cette déformation génère l'ouverture de la vanne libérant ainsi la pression contenue dans le réservoir.  Another solution is to detect the surrounding temperature of the tank to thus anticipate any increase in pressure. This solution generally uses either a thermal fuse, that is to say a metal eutectic that melts under the action of the temperature of the fire, or a glass bubble ("glassbulb") enclosing a liquid dilating enough to break this bubble. This rupture makes it possible to move a valve breaking the seal of an evacuation passage. Sometimes a shape memory material whose shape changes beyond a certain temperature threshold is used. This deformation generates the opening of the valve thus releasing the pressure contained in the reservoir.
Dans le cadre des stockages à très haute pression d'hydrogène gazeux, il est nécessaire de mettre en œuvre des réservoirs capables de supporter de très grandes contraintes mécaniques, tout en restant le plus léger possible. C'est pourquoi ce type d'applications fait généralement appel à la technologie des matériaux composites. Les dernières générations de bouteilles de gaz en matériaux composites (appelées « type III » ou « type IV ») sont formées : In the context of very high pressure storage of gaseous hydrogen, it is necessary to implement reservoirs capable of withstanding very great mechanical stress, while remaining as light as possible. This is why this type of application generally uses the technology of composite materials. The latest generations of gas cylinders made of composite materials (called "type III" or "type IV") are formed:
d'une enveloppe (liner) métallique (« type III », en aluminium) ou en matériau polymère (« type IV, » essentiellement du polyamide) dont le rôle est d'assurer l'étanchéité de l'emballage vis-à-vis de la nature du gaz stocké,  of a metal liner ("type III", made of aluminum) or of a polymeric material ("type IV," essentially polyamide) whose role is to ensure the tightness of the packaging vis-à-vis the nature of the stored gas,
d'une enveloppe extérieure généralement en fibres de carbone, noyé dans de la résine époxy dont le rôle est d'assurer la résistance mécanique de l'emballage vis-à-vis de la pression du gaz stocké, - d'une embase métallique dont le rôle est de permettre la connexion de la bouteille avec un robinet ou robinet à détente intégrée assurant la liaison fluidique avec l'application.  an outer casing generally made of carbon fibers, embedded in epoxy resin whose role is to ensure the mechanical strength of the package vis-à-vis the pressure of the stored gas, - a metal base of which the role is to allow the connection of the bottle with a tap or tap with integrated trigger ensuring the fluid connection with the application.
Contrairement aux réservoirs conçus entièrement en métal (acier ou aluminium, appelés de « type I »), les réservoirs renforcés par un bobinage de carbone et résine sont très isolants et perdent leurs caractéristiques mécaniques lors d'un incendie. De ce fait, les dispositifs de sécurité par détection de surpression (disques de rupture) ne fonctionnent pas car le temps de résistance au feu des réservoirs composites est inférieur au temps qu'il faut à la température interne pour augmenter significativement et donc à la pression pour arriver au seuil de rupture du disque. Pour un réservoir de type I, au contraire, la structure complètement métallique, beaucoup plus conductrice de chaleur, résiste bien mieux aux flammes et par conséquent tolère une élévation de pression suffisante pour déchirer le disque de rupture bien avant l'éclatement.  Unlike tanks made entirely of metal (steel or aluminum, called "type I"), the tanks reinforced by a winding of carbon and resin are highly insulating and lose their mechanical characteristics during a fire. As a result, the overpressure detection safety devices (rupture discs) do not work because the fire resistance time of the composite tanks is less than the time it takes for the internal temperature to increase significantly and therefore to the pressure to reach the threshold of rupture of the disk. For a type I tank, on the other hand, the completely metallic structure, which is much more heat-conducting, is much more resistant to flames and therefore tolerates a pressure rise sufficient to tear the rupture disc well before bursting.
La structure composite des réservoirs de type III ou IV est très sensible à la chaleur lors d'un incendie généralisé mais aussi et surtout lors de la présence d'une source localisée à forte densité d'énergie (par exemple du type d'un feu torche). Dans ce dernier cas, la protection mise en œuvre par un fusible thermique n'est pas efficace car la détection de la chaleur de ce genre de dispositif se localise au niveau du périmètre proche du détecteur et nécessite par conséquent que son environnement soit à la température au moins égale à la température d'activation du dispositif de sécurité (cf. par exemple le document EP2000719A1 ).  The composite structure of type III or IV tanks is very sensitive to heat during a generalized fire but also and especially when there is a localized source with a high energy density (for example of the type of a fire). torch). In the latter case, the protection implemented by a thermal fuse is not effective because the detection of the heat of this kind of device is located at the near perimeter of the detector and therefore requires that its environment is at the temperature at least equal to the activation temperature of the safety device (see for example EP2000719A1).
Le document FR2895488A1 décrit un réservoir de fluide sous pression muni d'un dispositif de sécurité pour l'évacuation du fluide contenu dans le réservoir en cas d'incendie. Le dispositif de sécurité comprend une vanne de vidange actionnable par une amorce pyrotechnique reliée à une mèche inflammable enroulée autour du réservoir.  The document FR2895488A1 discloses a pressurized fluid reservoir provided with a safety device for evacuating the fluid contained in the reservoir in case of fire. The safety device comprises a drain valve actuable by a pyrotechnic primer connected to a flammable wick wound around the tank.
Ce type de dispositif présente cependant l'inconvénient de nécessiter un contact direct entre la mèche inflammable et l'air pour s'enflammer et donc un risque d'abrasion ou de rupture de la mèche lors de manipulation du réservoir ou même en raison du vieillissement de cette mèche.. This type of device, however, has the disadvantage of requiring direct contact between the flammable wick and the air to ignite and therefore a risk of abrasion or breakage of the wick when handling the tank or even because of the aging of this wick ..
Un but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'art antérieur relevés ci-dessus.  An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
A cette fin, le réservoir selon l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu'en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que le au moins un organe de détection et d'amorçage comprend un thermocouple disposé au niveau de la surface de stockage du réservoir et relié à la charge pyrotechnique via au moins une ligne de transfert de la force électromotrice produite par le thermocouple.  To this end, the tank according to the invention, moreover, conforming to the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the at least one detection and priming element comprises a thermocouple disposed at the level of the storage area of the tank and connected to the pyrotechnic charge via at least one transfer line of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouple.
Par ailleurs, des modes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :  Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
- le réservoir comprend une pluralité de thermocouples spatialement répartis au niveau de la surface de stockage du réservoir, chacun des thermocouples étant relié à la charge pyrotechnique via au moins une ligne de transfert de la force électromotrice produite par le thermocouple,  the reservoir comprises a plurality of spatially distributed thermocouples at the storage surface of the reservoir, each of the thermocouples being connected to the pyrotechnic charge via at least one transfer line of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouple,
- le réservoir comprend entre trois et cinquante thermocouples,  the reservoir comprises between three and fifty thermocouples,
- la au moins une ligne de transfert comprend un fil conducteur électrique tel qu'un fil métallique,  the at least one transfer line comprises an electrical conducting wire such as a wire,
- le réservoir comporte au moins un amplificateur de la force électromotrice produite par le thermocouple disposé entre le thermocouple et la charge pyrotechnique,  the reservoir comprises at least one amplifier of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouple placed between the thermocouple and the pyrotechnic charge,
- le au moins un amplificateur est disposé sur une ligne de transfert et/ou au niveau d'un boîtier électronique collecteur,  the at least one amplifier is disposed on a transfer line and / or at a collector electronic box,
- la charge pyrotechnique comprend un élément explosif solide ou liquide comprenant au moins un composant parmi un propergol, la poudre à canon ou tout autre explosif approprié,  the pyrotechnic charge comprises a solid or liquid explosive element comprising at least one of a propellant, gunpowder or any other suitable explosive,
- la charge pyrotechnique comprend un élément thermiquement instable se décomposant à partir d'une température déterminée,  the pyrotechnic charge comprises a thermally unstable element decomposing starting from a determined temperature,
- le ou les thermocouples sont disposés sur la surface extérieure du réservoir et/ou dans l'épaisseur de la paroi du réservoir,  the thermocouples are placed on the outer surface of the tank and / or in the thickness of the wall of the tank,
- le réservoir est du type composite.  the reservoir is of the composite type.
L'invention peut concerner également tout dispositif ou procédé alternatif comprenant toute combinaison des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-dessous.  The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.
D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles :  Other particularities and advantages will appear on reading the following description, made with reference to the figures in which:
- la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective, schématique et partielle, illustrant un exemple de réalisation d'un réservoir selon l'invention, - la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe, schématique et partielle, d'un détail de la figure 1 illustrant un exemple de réalisation de l'organe de contrôle du remplissage/soutirage du réservoir de la figure 1 . FIG. 1 represents a schematic and partial perspective view illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a reservoir according to the invention, - Figure 2 shows a schematic and partial sectional view of a detail of Figure 1 illustrating an embodiment of the control member filling / withdrawal tank of Figure 1.
Le réservoir représenté à la figure 1 comprend un orifice muni d'un organe 2 de contrôle du remplissage et/ou du soutirage de fluide du réservoir 1 . L'organe 2 de contrôle peut être une embase destinée à recevoir un robinet ou peut être un robinet, avec ou sans détendeur intégré. L'organe 2 de contrôle peut être vissé dans le col taraudé du réservoir 1 . L'organe 2 de contrôle peut comprendre un raccord 4 de soutirage/remplissage muni de préférence d'un clapet d'isolation (non représenté par soucis de simplification).  The reservoir represented in FIG. 1 comprises an orifice provided with a member 2 for controlling the filling and / or the withdrawal of fluid from the reservoir 1. The control member 2 may be a base for receiving a valve or may be a valve, with or without built-in expansion valve. The control member 2 can be screwed into the threaded neck of the tank 1. The control member 2 may comprise a connection 4 for withdrawal / filling preferably provided with an isolation valve (not shown for the sake of simplification).
L'organe 2 de contrôle comprend classiquement un dispositif de sécurité pour l'évacuation du fluide contenu dans le réservoir en cas d'incendie. Ce dispositif de sécurité comporte un clapet 6 de vidange normalement fermé et susceptible de permettre la vidange du réservoir 1 lorsqu'il est en position ouverte. Le clapet 6 possède une pièce mobile formant un obturateur d'un passage 22 d'évacuation du fluide sous pression du réservoir 1 . Le clapet 6 est sollicité en position de fermeture par un organe de rappel tel qu'un ressort 16.  The control member 2 conventionally comprises a safety device for discharging the fluid contained in the tank in case of fire. This safety device comprises a normally closed drain valve 6 capable of allowing the tank 1 to be emptied when it is in the open position. The valve 6 has a movable part forming a shutter of a passage 22 for discharging the pressurized fluid from the tank 1. The valve 6 is biased in the closed position by a return member such as a spring 16.
Une charge pyrotechnique 8 est reliée au clapet 6 de vidange pour actionner sélectivement ce clapet 6 dans une position d'ouverture lors de la combustion de ladite charge pyrotechnique 8.  A pyrotechnic charge 8 is connected to the drain valve 6 for selectively actuating this valve 6 in an open position during the combustion of said pyrotechnic charge 8.
Par exemple, la charge 8 pyrotechnique, lorsqu'elle est activée en combustion, vient déplacer un poussoir 7 contre le clapet 6, à encontre du ressort 16. Le clapet 6 est alors en position ouverte libérant le passage de fluide entre des conduits amont 21 et aval 22. A l'extrémité aval 22, le fluide libéré peut être collecté au niveau d'un raccord 5 pouvant être relié à un système de récupération.  For example, the pyrotechnic charge 8, when activated in combustion, moves a pusher 7 against the valve 6, against the spring 16. The valve 6 is then in the open position releasing the fluid passage between upstream pipes 21 and downstream 22. At the downstream end 22, the released fluid can be collected at a connection 5 which can be connected to a recovery system.
En position ouverte, une extrémité du clapet 6 peut venir se bloquer mécaniquement dans un système de maintien stable, par exemple via une bague 3 élastique qui vient coopérer avec des encoches 161 formées dans le corps du clapet 6. Le clapet 6 est ainsi maintenu en position ouverte malgré l'action du ressort 16.  In the open position, one end of the valve 6 can be mechanically locked in a stable holding system, for example via a resilient ring 3 which cooperates with notches 161 formed in the body of the valve 6. The valve 6 is thus maintained in open position despite the action of spring 16.
La charge pyrotechnique 8 est reliée à une pluralité de thermocouples 1 1 répartis spatialement sur le réservoir 2. Les thermocouples 1 1 sont disposés au niveau de la surface de stockage du réservoir 1 (sur la surface extérieur et/ou dans l'épaisseur) et sont reliés à la charge pyrotechnique 8 via des lignes 1 1 1 de transfert de préférences respectives. Ces lignes 1 1 1 de transfert, par exemple de type câbles conducteurs de l'électricité en cuivre ou alliage de cuivre par exemple ou tout autre matériau approprié permettent le transfert de la force électromotrice produite par les thermocouples 1 1 soumis à des températures élevées (par exemple au-dessus de 120 degrés). The pyrotechnic charge 8 is connected to a plurality of thermocouples 11 distributed spatially on the tank 2. The thermocouples 11 are arranged at the storage surface of the tank 1 (on the outer surface and / or in the thickness) and are connected to the pyrotechnic charge 8 via lines 1 1 1 of transfer of respective preferences. These transfer lines 1 1 1, for example of the electrically conducting cable type copper or copper alloy for example or any other suitable material allow the transfer of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouples 1 1 subjected to high temperatures (eg above 120 degrees).
Le cas échéant un boîtier 9 électronique optionnel collecte l'ensemble des signaux produits par les thermocouples et le cas échéant assure une amplification avant d'alimenter la charge 8 pyrotechnique.  If necessary, an optional electronic box 9 collects all the signals produced by the thermocouples and if necessary provides amplification before supplying the pyrotechnic charge 8.
Les thermocouples 1 1 sont de préférences des sondes de température de type à basse-impédance qui produisent des forces électromotrices (quelques milliVolt) correspondant à des courbes de température qui sont particulières et uniques pour chaque calibration de thermocouple. La force électromotrice est produite par les gradients de température se trouvant le long des conducteurs (par effet Seebeck, effet Peltier ou effet Thompson).  The thermocouples 11 are preferably low-impedance type temperature probes that produce electromotive forces (a few milliVolt) corresponding to temperature curves that are unique and unique for each thermocouple calibration. The electromotive force is produced by the temperature gradients along the conductors (by Seebeck effect, Peltier effect or Thompson effect).
Ainsi, l'ouverture du clapet 6 de vidange du réservoir 1 utilise l'énergie produite par la combustion d'un explosif 8 solide dont la combustion est déclenchée par l'énergie produite par des thermocouples 1 1 .  Thus, the opening of the valve 6 for emptying the tank 1 uses the energy produced by the combustion of a solid explosive 8 whose combustion is triggered by the energy produced by thermocouples 1 1.
En cas d'agression thermique sur le réservoir 1 , la température des thermocouples 1 1 augmente et la force électromotrice des thermocouples 1 1 à la température considérés est donc utilisée pour mettre à feu la charge 8 pyrotechnique. La force électromotrice produite par le ou les thermocouples peut le cas échant être amplifiée électriquement. L'énergie produite par la charge 8 pyrotechnique (la pression de détonation) est utilisée pour déplacer le clapet 6 dans sa position ouverte permettant la libération de la pression du gaz et permettre ainsi d'éviter l'éclatement du réservoir 1 .  In the event of thermal stress on the tank 1, the temperature of the thermocouples 1 1 increases and the electromotive force of the thermocouples 1 1 at the temperature considered is used to ignite the pyrotechnic charge 8. The electromotive force produced by the thermocouple or thermocouples may, if necessary, be amplified electrically. The energy produced by the pyrotechnic charge (the detonation pressure) is used to move the valve 6 in its open position allowing the release of the pressure of the gas and thus prevent the bursting of the tank 1.
Dans une variante possible la charge 8 pyrotechnique est thermiquement instable (c'est-à-dire se décompose à une température seuil, par exemple 120°C). L'énergie de réaction produite lors de sa décomposition est utilisée pour actionner le clapet 6.  In a possible variant, the pyrotechnic charge is thermally unstable (i.e. decomposes at a threshold temperature, for example 120 ° C.). The reaction energy produced during its decomposition is used to actuate the valve 6.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Réservoir de fluide sous pression comprenant un orifice muni d'un organe (2) de contrôle du remplissage et/ou du soutirage de fluide du réservoir (1 ), l'organe de contrôle (2) comprenant un dispositif (5, 6, 10, 1 1 , 8) de sécurité pour l'évacuation du fluide contenu dans le réservoir en cas d'incendie, le dispositif (5, 6, 10, 1 1 , 8) de sécurité comprenant un clapet (6) de vidange normalement en position fermée et susceptible de permettre la vidange du réservoir (1 ) lorsque le clapet (6) est en position ouverte, une charge pyrotechnique (8) reliée au clapet (6) pour actionner sélectivement le clapet (6) de vidange dans une position d'ouverture lors de la combustion de ladite charge pyrotechnique (8), la charge pyrotechnique (8) étant reliée à au moins un organe (1 1 ) de détection d'une situation d'incendie et d'amorçage de la charge pyrotechnique (8), caractérisé en ce que le au moins un organe (1 1 ) de détection et d'amorçage comprend une pluralité de thermocouples (1 1 ) spatialement répartis au niveau de la surface de stockage du réservoir (1 ), chacun des thermocouples (1 1 ) étant relié à la charge pyrotechnique (8) via au moins une ligne (1 1 1 ) de transfert de la force électromotrice produite par le thermocouple (1 1 ). 1. Pressurized fluid reservoir comprising an orifice provided with a member (2) for controlling the filling and / or withdrawal of fluid from the reservoir (1), the control member (2) comprising a device (5, 6, 10) , 1 1, 8) for evacuating the fluid contained in the tank in the event of a fire, the device (5, 6, 10, 1, 1, 8) comprising a safety valve (6) normally emptying closed position and capable of allowing the tank (1) to be emptied when the valve (6) is in the open position, a pyrotechnic charge (8) connected to the valve (6) for selectively actuating the drain valve (6) in a position d opening during the combustion of said pyrotechnic charge (8), the pyrotechnic charge (8) being connected to at least one member (1 1) for detecting a fire and ignition situation of the pyrotechnic charge (8) ), characterized in that the at least one detection and initiation device (1 1) comprises a plurality of t hermocouples (1 1) spatially distributed at the storage surface of the tank (1), each of the thermocouples (1 1) being connected to the pyrotechnic charge (8) via at least one transfer line (1 1 1) of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouple (1 1).
2. Réservoir selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend entre trois et cinquante thermocouples (1 1 ).  2. Tank according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises between three and fifty thermocouples (1 1).
3. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la au moins une ligne (1 1 1 ) de transfert comprend un fil conducteur électrique tel qu'un fil métallique.  3. Tank according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one line (1 1 1) of transfer comprises an electrically conductive wire such as a wire.
4. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un amplificateur de la force électromotrice produite par le thermocouple (1 1 ) disposé entre le thermocouple (1 1 ) et la charge pyrotechnique (8).  4. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least one amplifier of the electromotive force produced by the thermocouple (1 1) disposed between the thermocouple (1 1) and the pyrotechnic charge ( 8).
5. Réservoir selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le au moins un amplificateur est disposé sur une ligne (1 1 1 ) de transfert et/ou au niveau d'un boîtier (9) électronique collecteur.  5. Tank according to claim 4, characterized in that the at least one amplifier is disposed on a line (1 1 1) of transfer and / or at a housing (9) electronic collector.
6. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la charge pyrotechnique (8) comprend un élément explosif solide ou liquide comprenant au moins un composant parmi un propergol, la poudre à canon.  6. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pyrotechnic charge (8) comprises a solid or liquid explosive element comprising at least one of a propellant, gunpowder.
7. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la charge pyrotechnique (8) comprend un élément thermiquement instable se décomposant à partir d'une température déterminée. 7. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pyrotechnic charge (8) comprises an element thermally unstable decomposing from a certain temperature.
8. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le ou les thermocouples (1 1 ) sont disposés sur la surface extérieure du réservoir (1 ) et/ou dans l'épaisseur de la paroi du réservoir (1 ).  8. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thermocouple or thermocouples (1 1) are arranged on the outer surface of the reservoir (1) and / or in the thickness of the wall of the reservoir ( 1).
9. Réservoir selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est du type composite.  9. Tank according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is of the composite type.
PCT/FR2012/050970 2011-06-06 2012-05-02 Pressurized fluid tank WO2012168606A1 (en)

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GB202013873D0 (en) * 2020-09-03 2020-10-21 Rolls Royce Plc Composite storage tank for gaseous hydrogen
GB202015295D0 (en) * 2020-09-28 2020-11-11 Rolls Royce Plc Composite storage tank for gaseous hydrogen

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FR2895488A1 (en) 2005-12-22 2007-06-29 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Compressed gas e.g. inflammable gas, reservoir emptying device for e.g. tourism vehicle, has pyrotechnic caps connected to inflammable mesh rolled around reservoir or arranged near reservoir, such that mesh is flamed and consumed
EP2000719A1 (en) 2007-06-04 2008-12-10 Luxembourg Patent Company S.A. Thermally activated pressure relief device with shape memory effect material

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US6382232B1 (en) * 2001-03-09 2002-05-07 Dynetek Industries Ltd. Remote triggering system and retrofit kit for thermal-pressure relief devices
FR2895488A1 (en) 2005-12-22 2007-06-29 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Compressed gas e.g. inflammable gas, reservoir emptying device for e.g. tourism vehicle, has pyrotechnic caps connected to inflammable mesh rolled around reservoir or arranged near reservoir, such that mesh is flamed and consumed
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DE102014003587A1 (en) * 2014-03-11 2015-09-17 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) Gas tank, motor vehicle
DE102020207261A1 (en) 2020-06-10 2021-12-16 Argo Gmbh Thermal pressure relief device (TPRD), gas pressure accumulator and gas pressure accumulator system with TPRD and method for thermal overpressure protection

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