WO2012167741A1 - 外燃机及其传动机构 - Google Patents

外燃机及其传动机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012167741A1
WO2012167741A1 PCT/CN2012/076637 CN2012076637W WO2012167741A1 WO 2012167741 A1 WO2012167741 A1 WO 2012167741A1 CN 2012076637 W CN2012076637 W CN 2012076637W WO 2012167741 A1 WO2012167741 A1 WO 2012167741A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
cylinder
link
swing
piston
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/076637
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨永顺
Original Assignee
Yang Yongshun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yang Yongshun filed Critical Yang Yongshun
Publication of WO2012167741A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012167741A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2270/00Constructional features
    • F02G2270/80Engines without crankshafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2270/00Constructional features
    • F02G2270/85Crankshafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H21/00Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
    • F16H21/10Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
    • F16H21/16Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H21/18Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an engine, in particular to an external combustion engine and its transmission mechanism. Background technique
  • the external combustion engine is an externally fired closed-loop reciprocating piston heat engine. It was invented in 1816 for the Stirling of Scotland. It is also called the Stirling engine, also known as the hot air machine.
  • the medium usually a high-pressure gas
  • the working medium is called a working medium, and can be filled with a certain volume of working fluid in one, two, four or more closed cylinders.
  • One end of the cylinder is a hot chamber and the other end is a cold chamber.
  • the working medium is compressed in a low temperature cold chamber, and then flows into a high temperature hot chamber for rapid heating and expansion work.
  • the heat generated by the continuous combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber outside the cylinder or the external heat source is transmitted to the working fluid through the heater, so the working fluid is not directly involved in the combustion and does not need to be replaced.
  • the external combustion engine avoids the problem of the shocking work of the conventional internal combustion engine, low noise, low pollution and low operating cost are achieved.
  • the external combustion engine can burn various combustible gases, such as natural gas, biogas, petroleum gas, hydrogen, gas, etc. It can also burn liquid fuels such as diesel and liquefied petroleum gas, burn wood, and use solar energy. As long as a certain temperature difference is reached between the hot chamber and the cold chamber, the external combustion engine can perform the work. The lower the ambient temperature, the easier the temperature difference becomes. Therefore, when used for power generation, the power generation efficiency is higher.
  • the biggest advantage of the external combustion engine is that the power and efficiency are not affected by the altitude, which is very suitable for high altitude use.
  • the prior art four-cylinder external combustion engine is usually driven by a structure such as a crankshaft, a multi-turn and a connecting rod. As shown
  • the external combustion engine includes two crankshafts 911, 912, four cylinders 92, and four sets of HRC assemblies 93 (including heaters, regenerators, and coolers) and transmission mechanisms, and the cylinder 92 of FIG. Piston 921, but in practical applications, the cylinder can be either a single piston or a double piston (a power piston, a displacement piston).
  • the transmission mechanism of the prior art external combustion engine includes a multi-turn 94, a large hole 941, and a small hole.
  • crankshafts 911 and 912 are connected to the piston connecting rod 95 via a multi-turn 94.
  • the gears at the ends of the crankshafts 911 and 912 are meshed with a gear 913 coaxial with a flywheel (not shown) to drive the flywheel to output energy outward. .
  • the external combustion engine shown in Fig. 1 uses a multi-turn structure between the crankshafts 911, 912 and the piston connecting rod 95, it is difficult to achieve the connection by bearings.
  • the crankshafts 911 and 912 need to be connected or supported by the bearing bushes. Therefore, a storage tank of oil sump or other lubricant is required in the crankcase to perform the multi-turn 94, the crankshaft 911, the 912 and the bearing bush thereof. Lubrication increases the cost of the transmission system and increases the cost of the external combustion engine.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an external combustion engine which is low in cost, easy to manufacture, and easy to maintain, and solves the problems of high production cost, inconvenient manufacturing, and high maintenance cost of the prior art external combustion engine. Defects.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a transmission mechanism for an external combustion engine which is low in cost, easy to manufacture, and easy to maintain.
  • An external combustion engine includes a hot gas component, a transmission mechanism and a crankshaft;
  • the hot gas component comprises four sets of heaters, a regenerator and a cooler, and four cylinders arranged in a rectangular shape, a first cylinder and a second cylinder, a fourth Adjacent cylinders, opposite to the third cylinder; pistons of the first, second, third and fourth cylinders are respectively connected with first, second, third and fourth piston rods; each of the cylinders are formed There are non-connected cold chambers and hot chambers, each of which communicates with a set of said heaters, regenerators and coolers and one of said cold chambers of another cylinder to form a gas passage;
  • the heat source heats the heater to reciprocate the gas in the gas passage between the cold chamber and the hot chamber to which it communicates to expand and contract to drive the periodic motion of the pistons connected by the transmission mechanism
  • the transmission mechanism includes a swinging rod group and a connecting rod group: the swinging rod group includes a first swinging rod having
  • the transmission mechanism includes a link group and a swing rod group: the swing rod group includes a first swing rod with a swing plane parallel to each other and And the second swinging rod, the two ends of the first swinging rod are respectively used to respectively articulate the two piston rods of the two cylinders on the side of the external combustion engine, and the two ends of the second swinging rod are respectively used Two piston rods of two cylinders on the other side of the external combustion engine are articulated, a first pivot of the first swing rod is coaxial with a second pivot of the second swing rod;
  • Each of the four links is: a first link and a second link of equal length, respectively extending downward from the second pivot and the first pivot, respectively, and the second pivot
  • the shaft and the first pivot are fixedly connected and maintain an angle of 30-60 degrees with the second swing rod and the first swing rod; the third link and the fourth joint of equal length
  • the transmission mechanism of the invention and the external combustion engine of the invention adopt a single crankshaft structure of the swing rod, and the transmission between the crankshaft and the piston rod of the cylinder is performed through the link group and the swing rod group, and one set of swing rod groups simultaneously drives the two groups of cylinders
  • the piston ensures that the phase difference of the piston movement between the two cylinders is always close to 180 degrees.
  • the phase difference between the two sets of cylinders on both sides of the external combustion engine is always close to 90 degrees by the angle between the connections.
  • the transmission effect of the transmission mechanism of the invention is ensured.
  • connection of all the hinge members such as the link group, the swing rod group and the piston rod and the rotation support of the rotating member are all realized by bearings, and the lubrication requirement is low, the maintenance-free period is long, and it is not necessary to use the prior art multi-turn structure,
  • the need to connect or support with the bearing bush saves the cost of the lubricant and the space occupied by the lubricant storage pool, thus reducing the cost of the transmission system.
  • the transmission mechanism of the external combustion engine of the present invention and the transmission mechanism of the present invention have a linear structure of the swing rod and the connecting rod, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing, improves the production efficiency of the external combustion engine, and reduces the external combustion engine. Maintenance costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an external combustion engine of the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the external combustion engine of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a front elevational view showing the transmission mechanism of the external combustion engine according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a transmission mechanism of an external combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the components of the transmission mechanism shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of another component of the transmission mechanism shown in Figure 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship of the hot gas components of the external combustion engine according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of an external combustion engine in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship of the hot gas components of the external combustion engine according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of an external combustion engine in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transmission mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention is used for the external combustion engine of the present invention; the external combustion engine of the embodiment of the present invention has the transmission mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transmission mechanism of the present invention is not limited to the external combustion engine used in the present invention, and can be applied to other external combustion engines to reduce cost and facilitate manufacture.
  • the external combustion engine of the three embodiments of the present invention will be separately described below.
  • the transmission mechanisms of the external combustion engines of the first two embodiments are the same, and the difference is in the hot gas assembly.
  • the third embodiment differs from the first two embodiments in the aspect of the transmission mechanism.
  • the heater, the regenerator and the cooler are always set together and always have a fixed connection relationship, that is, the heater is connected to the regenerator, and the regenerator is connected to the cooler, so this specification
  • the heater (H), the regenerator (R) and the cooler (C) are collectively referred to as the HRC combination, and the end of the heater of the HRC combination is referred to as the hot end, and the end of the cooler is referred to as the cold end.
  • the external combustion engine of the preferred embodiment of the present invention can be divided into three components: a hot gas component, a crankshaft 7, and a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission device includes a swinging rod group and a link group.
  • the hot gas components are four groups, respectively: a first group including a cylinder 11 and an HRC combination 21, and a cylinder 111 having a piston 111 therein.
  • the piston 111 divides the cylinder 11 into a non-communicating thermal chamber 112 and a cold chamber 113; the thermal chamber 112 connects the hot end of the HRC assembly 21 through a communication tube 211; the second group includes a cylinder 12 and an HRC combination 22 having a piston therein 121, the piston 121 divides the cylinder 12 into a non-connecting hot chamber 122 and a cold chamber 123; the hot chamber 122 connects the hot end of the HRC assembly 22 through the communication tube 221; the third group includes the cylinder 13 and the HRC combination 23, in the cylinder 13 Having a piston 131, the piston 131 divides the cylinder 13 into a non-communicating thermal chamber 132 and a cold chamber 133; the thermal chamber 132 is connected to the hot end of the HRC assembly 23 via a communication tube 231; the fourth group includes a cylinder 14 and an HRC combination 24, a cylinder 14 has a piston 141, the piston 141 divides the cylinder 14 into a non-
  • the four cylinders 11, 12, 13, 14 of the above four sets of hot gas assemblies are arranged in a rectangular shape with the cylinder 11 opposed to the cylinder 13 diagonally, and the cylinder 12 is diagonally opposed to the cylinder 14, the cylinder 11 and the cylinder 12
  • the cylinders 14 are adjacent.
  • the arrangement is not limited, and it may be arranged in a rectangular shape or in a line.
  • connection relationship between the hot chamber and the HRC combination of each cylinder is introduced, and for the connection mode of the cold chamber and the HRC combination, the present invention adopts a cross connection manner, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 7, the cylinder 11
  • the cold chamber 113 is connected to the cold end of the HRC combination 23 through the communication tube 232, and further communicates with the hot chamber 132 of the cylinder 13; the cold chamber 133 of the cylinder 13 is connected to the cold end of the HRC assembly 22 through the communication tube 222, and further
  • the cold chamber 123 of the cylinder 12 is in communication with the cold chamber 123 of the cylinder 12; the cold chamber 123 of the cylinder 12 is connected to the cold end of the HRC assembly 24, and further communicates with the hot chamber 142 of the cylinder 14; the cold chamber 143 of the cylinder 14 passes through the communication tube 212. It is connected to the cold end of the HRC combination 21 and further to the thermal chamber 112 of the cylinder 11.
  • the external combustion engine of the first embodiment of the present invention has four sets of gas passages, respectively: 1. a heat chamber 112, a communication tube 211, an HRC combination 21, a communication tube 212, and a cold chamber 143;
  • the expansion and contraction causes the pistons 111, 121, 131, 141 to perform work through the periodic movement of the crankshaft 7 to which the transmission mechanism is connected.
  • the upper boundary of the movement of the piston 111 does not exceed the upper edge of the communication tube 232, and the lower boundary of the movement does not exceed the lower edge of the communication tube 211 to ensure the volume of the cold chamber 113 and the thermal chamber 112 are not Will be 0 for a period of time (can be 0 in an instant).
  • the lower boundary of the piston 111 is close to the bottom of the cylinder 11, but a certain gap is left; a certain gap is also reserved between the piston 111 and the side wall of the cylinder 11 to reduce the resistance of the piston 111 and prolong the service life.
  • Other cylinders and pistons have the same characteristics and will not be described again.
  • the pistons 111, 121, 131, 141 have piston rods 114, 124, 134, 144, respectively, and the lower ends of the piston rods 114, 124, 134, 144 are connected to the pistons 111, 121, 131, 141.
  • the center position of the piston rods 114, 124, 134, 144 is divided into upper and lower sections by hinge axes 81, 82, 83, 84.
  • the crankshaft 7 is a mechanical energy output end of the external combustion engine. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the crankshaft 7 has a shaft center 71 and a connecting rod neck 72 through which mechanical energy is output to an energy-consuming device connected to the external combustion engine. Between the crankshaft 7 and the hot gas component, the mechanical energy of the piston movement is transmitted to the crankshaft 7 by the transmission mechanism.
  • a flywheel may be connected to the shaft 71, or the flywheel may not be connected.
  • the transmission mechanism that is, the transmission mechanism of the embodiment of the invention
  • the transmission mechanism includes a link set and a pendulum set.
  • the swinging lever group includes a first swinging lever 51 and a second swinging lever 52 whose swing planes are parallel to each other, and the midpoints of the first swinging lever 51 and the second swinging lever 52 are vertically fixed respectively.
  • the pivot 53 is coaxial with the pivot 54 and extends between the first swinging lever 51 and the swinging plane of the second swinging lever 52.
  • the left and right ends of the first swing lever 51 respectively articulate the upper ends of the piston rods 114, 124 through the hinge shafts 85, 86, and the left and right ends of the second swing rod 52 respectively articulate the upper ends of the piston rods 134, 144 through the hinge shafts 87, 88, respectively. .
  • piston rods 114, 124 of the pistons 111, 121 are symmetrically connected to both sides of the swinging rod 51, it is ensured that the phases of movement of the pistons 111, 121 are 180 degrees apart.
  • piston rods 134, 144 of the pistons 131, 141 are symmetrically connected to both sides of the swing rod 52, it is possible to ensure that the movement phases of the pistons 131, 141 are 180 degrees out of phase.
  • the transmission mechanism does not need liquid lubrication, and only the grease on the hinge of the hinge shaft 80-89 can be added, thereby eliminating the sealing of the crankcase, and in the specific use, the heating can be removed.
  • the components other than the cooler and the cooler are all sealed in a housing in which high pressure gas is sealed.
  • a horizontal plate 41 is supported between the cylinders 11, 12, 13, 14 and the horizontal plate 41 is provided with a column 42 perpendicular to the horizontal plate 41, and an axis 71 of the crankshaft 7 is provided.
  • the pivot 53 is pivotally coupled to the upper or top end of the upright 42 by a bearing 530.
  • the pivot 54 is pivotally coupled to the upper or top end of the upright 43 by a bearing 540, the cross plate 41 and the post 42
  • the setting of 43 not only strengthens the support strength between the cylinders, but also prevents the relative displacement between the cylinders, and also strengthens the overall strength of the external combustion engine, and also facilitates the provision of the crankshaft 7 and the pivots 53, 54.
  • a tripod can also be provided on the cross plate 42 to support the pivots 53, 54.
  • the connecting rod group is surrounded by four connecting rods, and the projection on the swinging plane of the first swinging rod 51 or the second swinging rod 52 is a quadrangle; in the first embodiment of the present invention, the preferred four connecting rods 61,
  • the lengths of 62, 63, 64 are the same, so that during the rotation of the crankshaft 7, the four links are always projected into a diamond shape on the oscillating plane.
  • the distance between the axis 71 and the pivots 53, 54 (the distance between the two lines, or the distance between the two projection points on the plane of the oscillating plane) is twice the length of the link.
  • the four links are:
  • the first link 61 is integrally formed with the second swing lever 52 and the second pivot 54 as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, and the first link 61 and the second pivot 54 are The fixed connection is not allowed to rotate relative to each other, and the relative rotation between the second swing lever 52 and the second pivot 54 is also impossible.
  • the integral molding has the advantages of facilitating the processing of the components and also facilitating maintaining the angle between the first link 61 and the second swing link 52, thereby reducing maintenance costs. Therefore, the first link 61 also corresponds to being hinged to the pivot 54 and extending downward, that is, in the direction of the link neck 72.
  • the angle formed by the first link 61 and the second swing rod 52 is a first angle, and the first angle is preferably 45 degrees.
  • the first angle may not be equal to 45 degrees.
  • the second link 62 as shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5, the second link 62 is integrally formed with the first swing lever 51 and the first pivot shaft 53, and the second link 62 is fixed between the second pivot 53 and the first pivot 53.
  • the connection does not allow relative rotation, and the relative rotation between the first swing lever 51 and the first pivot 53 does not occur.
  • the second link 62 is also equivalent to being hinged to the pivot 53 and extending downward, that is, in the direction of the link neck 72.
  • the angle formed by the second link 62 and the first swing rod 51 is the second angle
  • the angle of the second angle should be 45 degrees
  • the second angle is
  • the first angles are mutually complementary angles (the sum of the two angles is 90 degrees, which is called a complementary angle), so as to ensure that the phases of motion between the pistons connected to different pendulum rods are different by 90 degrees, for example, the piston 111 and the piston 131, The phase difference between 141 is 90 degrees.
  • the third link 63 The upper end of the third link 63 is hinged to the first link 61 via the hinge shaft 89, and the lower end of the third link 63 is hinged to the link neck 72 of the crankshaft 7.
  • the fourth link 64 The upper end of the fourth link 64 is hinged to the second link 62 via the hinge shaft 80, and the lower end of the fourth link 64 is also hinged to the link neck 72 of the crankshaft 7.
  • the first angle and the second angle may also take different angles of (30, 60), (36, 54), (54, 36) and (60, 30), respectively; It is the length of the third link 63 that is larger than the length of the first link 61, and the third link 63 and the fourth link 64 are equal in length as long as the first link 61 and the second link 62 are equal in length.
  • the operating principle is the same as that of the same type of external combustion engine of the prior art.
  • the external combustion engine can be easily started by adjusting the initial positions of the pistons 111, 141, 121, and 131 to positions where the motion phase differences are different by 90 degrees in accordance with the assembly method of the prior art external combustion engine.
  • the piston 121 can be adjusted to the top dead center A, and correspondingly, the piston 111 on the same pendulum as the piston 121 is adjusted to the bottom dead center, and the piston 131 not on the same pendulum as the piston 121 is adjusted.
  • To the intermediate position B that is, the phase of the movement of the pistons 111, 121 is 90 degrees, since the hot chamber 142 is expanded and the work is performed, the position of the piston 141 is the intermediate position D in which the movement trend is upward, and the corresponding piston 131 is in motion.
  • the volume of the sealing gas in the gas passage rapidly expands or contracts to force the piston to work;
  • the sealing gas in the gas passage moves rapidly between the hot chamber of one cylinder and the cold chamber of the other cylinder, and the piston does not work.
  • the work of the four gas channels as shown in Fig. 7 is as follows: 1. For the gas passage composed of the hot chamber 112, the communication tube 211, the HRC combination 21, the communication tube 212 and the cold chamber 143, the piston 111 reaches the bottom dead center C, that is, the hot end of the stroke, and the piston 141 reaches the movement trend. In the upward intermediate position D, the piston 111 and the piston 141 move in the same direction, so that the sealing gas is transferred from the cold chamber 143 to the heat chamber 112.
  • the piston 121 reaches the top dead center A, that is, the cold end of the stroke, and the piston 141 reaches the movement trend.
  • the piston 121 and the piston 141 move in opposite directions, so that the sealing gas in the hot chamber 142 is thermally expanded, causing the piston 141 to move upward to perform work, and the piston 121 to move downward to perform work.
  • the piston 121 reaches the top dead center A, that is, the cold end of the stroke, and the piston 131 reaches the movement trend.
  • the piston 121 and the piston 131 move in the same direction, so that the sealing gas is transferred from the heat chamber 122 to the cold chamber 133.
  • the piston 111 For the gas passage formed by the heat chamber 132, the communication tube 231, the HRC combination 23, the communication tube 232, and the cold chamber 113, the piston 111 reaches the bottom dead center C, that is, the hot end of the stroke, and the piston 131 reaches the movement trend.
  • the piston 111 and the piston 131 move in opposite directions, so that the sealing gas in the cold chamber 113 is contracted by cold, causing the piston 111 to move upward to perform work, and the piston 131 to move downward to perform work.
  • the stroke of the crankshaft 72 is as follows, wherein the crank angle 72 is assumed to have a phase angle of 0 degrees at the highest point, 180 degrees at the lowest point, 90 degrees at the right side, and 270 degrees at the left side:
  • the amplitude of the swing of the first swinging lever 51 and the second swinging lever 52 may be determined according to actual conditions, and the swinging amplitudes of the two swinging arms may be the same or different.
  • the external combustion engine of the second embodiment of the present invention can also be divided into three components: a hot gas component, a crankshaft 7, and a transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission device includes a swinging rod group and a connecting rod group. section.
  • the crankshaft and the transmission mechanism can be the same as the first embodiment, except that the hot gas component is different.
  • the hot gas components are four groups, which are respectively:
  • the first group includes a cylinder 15 and an HRC combination 25.
  • the cylinder 15 is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a partition 150.
  • the upper chamber has a piston 155 therein, and the lower chamber has a piston 151.
  • the piston 155 and the partition 150 are formed.
  • the piston 151 divides the lower chamber of the cylinder 15 into a non-communicating heat chamber 152 and an auxiliary cold chamber 153.
  • the heat chamber 152 connects the hot end of the HRC assembly 25 through the communication tube 251; the auxiliary cold chamber 153 passes through the communication.
  • Tube 253 connects the cold end of HRC assembly 25.
  • the second group includes a cylinder 16 and an HRC combination 26.
  • the cylinder 16 is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a partition 160.
  • the upper chamber has a piston 165 therein, and the lower chamber has a piston 161.
  • the piston 165 and the partition 160 are formed.
  • the third group includes a cylinder 17 and an HRC combination 27.
  • the cylinder 17 is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a partition plate 170.
  • the upper chamber has a piston 175 therein, and the lower chamber has a piston 171.
  • the piston 175 and the partition plate 170 are formed.
  • the fourth group includes a cylinder 18 and an HRC combination 28.
  • the cylinder 18 is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a partition plate 180.
  • the upper chamber has a piston 185 therein, and the lower chamber has a piston 181.
  • the piston 185 is formed between the piston 185 and the partition plate 180.
  • the pistons 151, 161, 171, 181 described above are all displacement pistons
  • the pistons 155, 165, 175, 185 are all power pistons
  • the piston 151 and the piston 155 have a common piston rod 154
  • the piston 161 and the piston 165 have a common piston rod.
  • piston 171 and piston 175 have a common piston rod 174
  • piston 181 and piston 185 have a common piston rod 184.
  • the piston rods 154, 164, 174, 184 are divided into upper and lower sections by hinge axes 81, 82, 83, 84, respectively, and the hinge shafts 81, 82, 83, 84 are located above or above the pistons 181, 182, 183, 184.
  • the four cylinders 15, 16, 17, 18 of the above four sets of hot gas assemblies are arranged in a rectangular shape as in the first embodiment, the cylinders 15 are diagonally opposed to the cylinders 17, and the cylinders 16 are diagonally opposed to the cylinders 18.
  • the cylinder 15 is adjacent to the cylinder 16 and the cylinder 18.
  • the arrangement is not limited, and it may be arranged in a rectangular shape or in a word line.
  • connection relationship between the hot chamber and the HRC of each cylinder and the combination of the auxiliary cold chamber and the HRC is described.
  • the cross connection method is still adopted in this embodiment, such as As shown in Fig. 9, the cold chamber 156 of the cylinder 15 is connected to the cold end of the HRC combination 27 through the communication tube 272, and further communicates with the hot chamber 172 of the cylinder 17, and the cold chamber 176 of the cylinder 17 is combined with the HRC through the communication tube 262.
  • the cold end of 26 is connected to the hot chamber 162 of the cylinder 16, and the cold chamber 166 of the cylinder 16 is cooled by the connection tube 262 and the HRC combination 28.
  • the ends are connected to the hot chamber 182 of the cylinder 18, and the cold chamber 186 of the cylinder 18 is connected to the cold end of the HRC assembly 25 via a communication tube 252, and in communication with the thermal chamber 152 of the cylinder 15.
  • the above-mentioned cold chambers 156, 166, 176, 186 may not be directly connected directly to the cold ends of the HRC combination 25, 26, 27, 28, but as shown in FIG. 8, the auxiliary cold chamber 153 and the cold chamber are connected through the communication tube 252.
  • the 186 is connected, the auxiliary cold chamber 163 is connected to the cold chamber 176 through the communication tube 262, the auxiliary cold chamber 173 is connected to the cold chamber 156 through the communication tube 272, and the auxiliary cold chamber 183 is connected to the cold chamber 166 through the communication tube 282. connection.
  • the external combustion engine of the first embodiment of the present invention has four sets of gas passages, respectively:
  • Hot chamber 152 connecting tube 251, HRC combination 25, connecting tube 252, cold chamber 186, connecting tube 253 and auxiliary cold chamber 153;
  • a hot chamber 182 a connecting tube 281, an HRC combination 28, a connecting tube 282, a cold chamber 166, a connecting tube 283 and an auxiliary cold chamber 183;
  • the reciprocating motion between the cavities expands and contracts to drive each of the pistons to perform work through the periodic movement of the crankshaft 7 to which the transmission mechanism is connected.
  • Each of the auxiliary cold chambers serves to increase the volume of the gas and increase the power of the external combustion engine.
  • each of the piston movements are the same as in the first embodiment, so as to ensure that the volume of each of the cold chambers, the auxiliary cold chambers, and the respective thermal chambers is not 0 for a period of time (can be instantaneously 0).
  • the external combustion engine according to the third embodiment of the present invention can also be divided into three components: a hot gas component, a crankshaft 7, and a transmission mechanism, among which
  • the transmission device comprises a swing rod set and a link set.
  • the crankshaft and the transmission mechanism are different from the first two embodiments, and the connection mode of the hot gas component and the working principle of the hot gas component can be the same as or the same as the first embodiment.
  • the working principle of the transmission mechanism is the same as that of the previous two embodiments, except that the position of the crankshaft 7 and the positional relationship of the links 61, 62, 63, 64 with respect to the pivots 53, 54 are set.
  • a horizontal plate 41 can be supported between the cylinders of the hot gas assembly, and the horizontal plates 41 are provided with columns 46, 47 perpendicular to the horizontal plate 41.
  • the height of the column 46 is greater than the height of the column 47, such as a column.
  • the pivot 46 is twice the height of the column 47, and the axis 71 of the crankshaft 7 is rotatably coupled to the upper portion of the column 46, near the top end of the column 46, and the pivot 53 is pivotally coupled to the upper or top end of the column 47 via the bearing 530.
  • the pivot 54 is pivotally connected to the middle of the upright 46 by a bearing 540, such as a position in the center of the height direction of the upright 46; the arrangement of the cross plate 41 and the uprights 46, 47 both strengthens the support strength between the cylinders and prevents the cylinders from being interposed between the cylinders.
  • the relative displacement also enhances the overall strength of the external combustion engine, and also facilitates the provision of the crankshaft 7 and the pivots 53, 54.
  • the links 61, 62, 63, 64 may be disposed above the pivots 53, 54.
  • the first link 61 is hinged to the pivot 54 and extends upward, that is, in the direction of the link neck 72
  • the second link 62 is hinged to the pivot 53 and upward, that is, in the direction of the link neck 72. extend.
  • the lower end of the third link 63 is hinged to the first link 61 via a hinge shaft 89
  • the upper end of the third link 63 is hinged to the link neck 72 of the crankshaft.
  • the lower end of the fourth link 64 is hinged to the second link 62 via the hinge shaft 80, and the upper end of the fourth link 64 is also hinged to the link neck 72 of the crankshaft 7.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the linkages 61, 62, 63, 64 are prevented from interfering with other components of the external combustion engine, reducing the design complexity of the external combustion engine.
  • the transmission mechanism of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the external combustion engine of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting rod set, the swing rod set and the piston rod, and the like of all the hinge members (the hinge shaft 80-89) are connected and rotated.
  • the rotating support is realized by the bearing, which has low lubrication requirements and long maintenance-free period. It does not need to use the prior art multi-turn structure, and does not need to be connected or supported by the bearing bush, which saves the cost of the lubricant and the lubricant storage pool. Space, thus reducing the cost of the drive train.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种外燃机包括热气组件、传动机构和曲轴(7)。热气组件包括四组加热器(H)、回热器(R)和冷却器(C)和呈矩形布置的四个气缸(11,12,13,14),每一气缸内形成有不连通的热腔(112,122,132,142)和冷腔(113,123,133,143),每一热腔与一组加热器(H)、回热器(R)和冷却器(C)及另一气缸的一冷腔气路连通以形成气体通道。传动机构包括摆杆组和连杆组,其中摆杆组包括摆动平面相互平行的第一摆杆(51)和第二摆杆(52),连杆组包括四个连杆,长度相等的第一连杆(61)与第二连杆(62)分别自第二枢轴(54)和第一枢轴(53)向下或向上延伸,长度相等的第三连杆(63)与第四连杆(64)的上端或下端分别铰接于第一连杆(61)和第二连杆(620),它们的下端或上端铰接于曲轴(7)的连杆颈(72)。该外燃机成本低、便于制造。

Description

外燃机及其传动机构 技术领域
本发明涉及发动机, 尤其与一种外燃机及其传动机构有关。 背景技术
外燃机是一种外燃的闭式循环往复活塞式热力发动机, 因它是在 1816年为苏格兰的 斯特林所发明, 故又称斯特林发动机, 也称为热气机。 外燃机中传递能量的媒介物质 (通 常是高压气体)叫工质, 可在一个、两个、 四个或多个封闭的气缸内充有一定容积的工质。 气缸一端为热腔,另一端为冷腔。工质在低温冷腔中压缩,然后流到高温热腔中迅速加热, 膨胀做功。燃料在气缸外的燃烧室内连续燃烧所带来的热量或者外部热源通过加热器传给 工质, 因此工质不直接参与燃烧, 也不需要更换。
由于外燃机避免了传统内燃机的震爆做功问题, 从而实现了低噪音、 低污染和低运行 成本。 外燃机可以燃烧各种可燃气体, 如: 天然气、 沼气、 石油气、 氢气、 煤气等, 也可 燃烧柴油、 液化石油气等液体燃料, 还可以燃烧木材, 以及利用太阳能等。 只要热腔与冷 腔之间达到一定的温差, 外燃机即可做功运行, 环境温度越低, 则温差越容易变大, 因此 在用于发电时, 发电效率越高。 外燃机最大的优点是功率和效率不受海拔高度影响, 非常 适合于高海拔地区使用。
然而, 现有技术的四缸外燃机, 通常是通过曲轴、 多拐和连杆等结构实现传动。 如图
1所示,其为现有技术的一种典型的四缸外燃机结构。所述外燃机包括两根曲轴 911、 912、 四个气缸 92以及四组 HRC组合 93 (包括加热器、 回热器和冷却器) 和传动机构等部件, 图 1中的气缸 92只具有动力活塞 921, 但实际应用中, 气缸中既可以是单活塞, 也可以是 双活塞 (一动力活塞、 一置换活塞) 。
如图 1所示, 现有技术的外燃机的传动机构包括多拐 94、 大头孔 941和具有小头孔
951的活塞连杆 95等。 曲轴 911、 912上通过多拐 94连接活塞连杆 95, 曲轴 911、 912端 部的齿轮之间啮合有一与飞轮 (图中未示出) 共轴的齿轮 913, 从而带动飞轮以向外输出 能量。
但是, 由于图 1所示的外燃机, 其曲轴 911、 912与活塞连杆 95之间使用的也是多拐 结构, 难以用轴承实现连接。 其曲轴 911、 912需由轴瓦进行连接或支撑, 因此需在曲轴 箱内设置机油池或者其他的润滑剂的存储池, 以对多拐 94、 曲轴 911、 912及其轴瓦进行 润滑, 因此增加了传动系统的成本, 造成外燃机的成本上升。
另外, 申请人的公布号为 CN101846014A (以下简称文献 1 ) 、 公布日为 2010年 9月 29日、发明名称为《热气机》的中国发明专利申请公开了一种四缸式外燃机及其工作原理。 图 1所示的外燃机的工作原理即与文献 1中的热气机的工作原理相同, 但传动机构不同。
但是, 文献 1中的外燃机的传动机构, 其摆杆与连杆大多为曲线结构, 不便于加工与 制造, 降低了外燃机的生产效率及通用性。 发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题, 本发明的目的在于提供一种成本低、 便于制造、 便于维 护的外燃机, 以解决现有技术的外燃机的生产成本高、 不便制造及维护成本高的缺陷。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于外燃机的成本低、便于制造、 便于维护的传动机 构。
为了实现上述目的, 本发明的技术方案如下:
一种外燃机, 包括热气组件、 传动机构和曲轴; 所述热气组件包括四组加热器、 回热 器和冷却器和呈矩形布置的四个气缸, 第一气缸与第二气缸、 第四气缸相邻, 与第三气缸 相对; 所述第一、 第二、 第三和第四气缸的活塞分别连接有第一、 第二、 第三和第四活塞 杆; 每一所述气缸内形成有不连通的冷腔和热腔, 每一所述热腔与一组所述加热器、 回热 器和冷却器及另一气缸的一所述冷腔气路连通以形成气体通道;通过外部热源加热所述加 热器以使所述气体通道内的气体在所述冷腔和其所连通的所述热腔之间往复运动膨胀收 缩以带动各活塞通过所述传动机构所连接的曲轴周期运动做功;所述传动机构包括摆杆组 和连杆组: 所述摆杆组包括摆动平面相互平行的第一摆杆和与第二摆杆, 所述第一摆杆的 两端铰接所述第一活塞杆和所述第二活塞杆,所述第二摆杆的两端铰接所述第三活塞杆和 所述第四活塞杆, 所述第一摆杆的第一枢轴与所述第二摆杆的第二枢轴共轴; 所述连杆组 包括四个连杆, 四个连杆为: 长度相等的第一连杆与第二连杆, 分别自所述第二枢轴和所 述第一枢轴向下延伸,分别与所述第一枢轴和所述第二枢轴固定连接并与所述第二摆杆和 所述第一摆杆保持互余的介于 30-60度的夹角; 长度相等的第三连杆与第四连杆, 它们的 上端分别铰接于第一连杆和第二连杆, 它们的下端铰接于所述曲轴的连杆颈。
一种传动机构, 用于外燃机的曲轴与气缸活塞杆之间的传动; 所述传动机构包括连杆 组和摆杆组: 所述摆杆组包括摆动平面相互平行的第一摆杆和与第二摆杆, 所述第一摆杆 的两端用以分别铰接所述外燃机一侧的两气缸的两活塞杆,所述第二摆杆的两端用以分别 铰接所述外燃机另一侧的两气缸的两活塞杆,所述第一摆杆的第一枢轴与所述第二摆杆的 第二枢轴共轴; 所述连杆组包括四个连杆; 四个连杆分别为: 长度相等的第一连杆与第二 连杆, 分别自所述第二枢轴和所述第一枢轴向下延伸, 分别与所述第二枢轴和所述第一枢 轴固定连接并与所述第二摆杆和所述第一摆杆保持互余的介于 30-60度的夹角; 长度相等 的第三连杆与第四连杆, 它们的上端分别铰接于第一连杆和第二连杆, 它们的下端铰接于 所述曲轴的连杆颈。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的传动机构及本发明的外燃机, 采用摆杆单曲轴结构, 通过连杆组和摆杆组进 行曲轴与气缸活塞杆之间的传动, 一套摆杆组同时带动两组气缸的活塞, 保证两气缸之间 的活塞运动相位差始终接近 180度,通过连接之间互余的夹角实现外燃机两侧的两组气缸 中的活塞的相位差始终接近 90度, 有效的保证了本发明传动机构的传动效果。
并且, 连杆组、 摆杆组及活塞杆等所有铰接件的连接和转动件的转动支撑都由轴承实 现, 对润滑要求低, 免维护周期长, 不必使用现有技术的多拐结构, 不需用轴瓦进行连接 或支撑,节省了润滑剂的成本和润滑剂存储池所占用的空间,因此降低了传动系统的成本。
再者,本发明的外燃机的传动机构及本发明的传动机构,其摆杆与连杆均为直线结构, 便于加工与制造, 提高了外燃机的生产效率, 也降低了外燃机的维护成本。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术的一种外燃机的示意图。
图 2为本发明第一实施例的外燃机的立体示意图。
图 3为本发明实施例的外燃机的传动机构的主视示意图。
图 4为本发明实施例的外燃机的传动机构的立体示意图。
图 5为图 4所示的传动机构的部件示意图。
图 6为图 4所示的传动机构的另一部件示意图。
图 7为本发明第一实施例的外燃机的热气组件连接关系示意图。
图 8为本发明第二实施例的外燃机的立体示意图。
图 9为本发明第二实施例的外燃机的热气组件连接关系示意图。
图 10为本发明第三实施例的外燃机的立体示意图。 具体实施方式 为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白, 以下结合具 体实施例, 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当指出, 此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以 解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例的传动机构, 用于本发明的外燃机; 本发明实施例的外燃机, 具有本发 明实施例的传动机构。 但本发明的传动机构, 并不局限于用于本发明的外燃机, 也可以适 用于其他的外燃机, 以降低成本并便于制造。
下面分别介绍本发明三个实施例的外燃机, 前两实施例的外燃机的传动机构相同, 不 同的地方在于热气组件方面。 而第三实施例与前两实施例不同的地方在于传动机构方面。
由于在外燃机中, 加热器、 回热器和冷却器总是设置在一起, 且总是具有固定的连接 关系, 即加热器与回热器相连, 回热器与冷却器相连, 因此本说明书中, 将加热器(H) 、 回热器 (R) 与冷却器 (C) 统称为 HRC组合, 并将 HRC组合的加热器一端称为热端, 冷却器一端称为冷端。
本发明第一实施例的外燃机:
如图 2和图 7所示, 本发明优选实施例的外燃机, 可以划分为热气组件、 曲轴 7和传 动机构三个组成部分, 其中的传动装置包括摆杆组和连杆组两部分。
一、 热气组件
如图 2和图 7所示, 本发明第一实施例的外燃机, 所述热气组件为四组, 分别为: 第一组, 包括气缸 11和 HRC组合 21, 气缸 11内具有活塞 111, 活塞 111将气缸 11 分隔为不连通的热腔 112和冷腔 113;热腔 112通过连通管 211连接 HRC组合 21的热端; 第二组, 包括气缸 12和 HRC组合 22, 气缸 12内具有活塞 121, 活塞 121将气缸 12 分为不连通的热腔 122和冷腔 123 ; 热腔 122通过连通管 221连接 HRC组合 22的热端; 第三组, 包括气缸 13和 HRC组合 23, 气缸 13内具有活塞 131, 活塞 131将气缸 13 分为不连通的热腔 132和冷腔 133; 热腔 132通过连通管 231连接 HRC组合 23的热端; 第四组, 包括气缸 14和 HRC组合 24, 气缸 14内具有活塞 141, 活塞 141将气缸 14 分为不连通的热腔 142和冷腔 143; 热腔 142通过连通管 241连接 HRC组合 24的热端; 上述的活塞 111、 121、 131、 141 均为动力活塞, 也可称为做功活塞或功率活塞, 而 热腔 112、 122、 132、 142分别位于活塞 111、 121、 131、 141的下方, 而冷腔 113、 123、 133、 143分别位于活塞 111、 121、 131、 141的下方。
上述的四组热气组件中的四个气缸 11、 12、 13、 14, 呈矩形布置, 以气缸 11与气缸 13对角线相对, 而气缸 12与气缸 14对角线相对, 气缸 11与气缸 12、 气缸 14相邻。 而 对于 HRC组合, 则并不限定其布置方式, 既可以为矩形布置, 也可以一字排开。
前述的介绍中介绍了各气缸的热腔与 HRC组合的连接关系,而对于冷腔与 HRC组合 的连接方式, 本发明采用的是交叉连接的方式, 如图 2和图 7所示, 气缸 11的冷腔 113 通过连通管 232与 HRC组合 23的冷端相连, 进而与所述气缸 13的热腔 132相连通; 气 缸 13的冷腔 133通过连通管 222与 HRC组合 22的冷端相连, 进而与气缸 12的热腔 122 相连通; 气缸 12的冷腔 123通过连通管 242与 HRC组合 24的冷端相连, 进而与气缸 14 的热腔 142相连通; 气缸 14的冷腔 143通过连通管 212与 HRC组合 21的冷端相连, 进 而与气缸 11的热腔 112相连通。
基于上述的连通情况, 本发明第一实施例的外燃机中有四组气体通道, 分别为: 1、 热腔 112、 连通管 211、 HRC组合 21、 连通管 212和冷腔 143;
2、 热腔 122、 连通管 221、 HRC组合 22、 连通管 222和冷腔 133 ;
3、 热腔 132、 连通管 231、 HRC组合 23、 连通管 232和冷腔 113;
4、 热腔 142、 连通管 241、 HRC组合 24、 连通管 242和冷腔 123。
通过外部热源加热 HRC组合 21、 22、 23、 24中的所述加热器 (H) , 以使上述各气 体通道内的气体在所述冷腔和其所连通的所述热腔之间往复运动膨胀收缩以带动活塞 111、 121、 131、 141通过所述传动机构所连接的曲轴 7周期运动做功。
以气缸 11及活塞 111为例, 其中, 活塞 111运动的上界不超过连通管 232的上沿, 运动的下界不超过连通管 211的下沿, 以保证冷腔 113和热腔 112的体积不会在一段时间 内为 0 (可以瞬间为 0) 。 通常, 活塞 111的下界接近于气缸 11 的底部, 但留有一定的空 隙; 在活塞 111与气缸 11的侧壁之间, 也保留一定的间隙, 以减少活塞 111的运动阻力, 延长使用寿命。 其他的气缸及活塞也具有相同的特性, 不再赘述。
如图 2和图 7所示, 活塞 111、 121、 131、 141分别具有活塞杆 114、 124、 134、 144, 活塞杆 114、 124、 134、 144的下端连接在活塞 111、 121、 131、 141的圆心位置, 活塞杆 114、 124、 134、 144由铰接轴 81、 82、 83、 84分为上下两段。
在热气组件中的热能带动活塞 111、 121、 131、 141运动后, 即转化为机械能。
二、 曲轴
曲轴 7是外燃机的机械能输出端, 如图 3和图 4所示, 曲轴 7具有轴心 71和连杆颈 72, 通过曲轴 7向与外燃机相连接的用能设备输出机械能。 而曲轴 7与热气组件之间, 则 需由传动机构将活塞运动的机械能传递给曲轴 7。轴心 71上可连接有飞轮,也可不连接飞 轮。 三、 传动机构 (也即本发明实施例的传动机构)
传动机构包括连杆组和摆杆组。
如图 2至图 4所示,所述摆杆组包括摆动平面相互平行的第一摆杆 51与第二摆杆 52, 且第一摆杆 51与第二摆杆 52的中点分别垂直固定连接于枢轴 53、 54, 枢轴 53与枢轴 54 共轴, 在第一摆杆 51与第二摆杆 52的摆动平面之间相向延伸。
第一摆杆 51的左右两端分别通过铰接轴 85、 86铰接活塞杆 114、 124的上端, 而第 二摆杆 52的左右两端分别通过铰接轴 87、 88铰接活塞杆 134、 144的上端。
由于活塞 111、 121的活塞杆 114、 124对称的连接于摆杆 51的两侧, 因此可以保证 活塞 111、 121的运动相位相差 180度。 同理, 由于活塞 131、 141的活塞杆 134、 144对 称的连接于摆杆 52的两侧, 因此可以保证活塞 131、 141的运动相位相差 180度。
本发明的外燃机, 传动机构不需液体润滑, 只需在铰接轴 80-89的轴承上添加润滑脂 即可, 因此省去了对曲轴箱的密封, 在具体使用时, 可将除加热器和冷却器之外的其他部 件全部密封在一个壳体中, 壳体中密封有高压气体。 如图 2和图 3所示, 在气缸 11、 12、 13、 14之间可支撑有横板 41, 横板 41上设置有与横板 41垂直的立柱 42、 43, 曲轴 7的 轴心 71可转动地连接于立柱 43下部,枢轴 53通过轴承 530枢转连接于立柱 42的上部或 顶端, 枢轴 54通过轴承 540枢转连接于立柱 43的上部或顶端, 横板 41与立柱 42、 43的 设置, 既加强了各气缸之间的支撑强度, 防止气缸间的相对位移, 也加强了外燃机整体的 强度, 也便于设置曲轴 7和枢轴 53、 54。 当然, 也可以在横板 42上设置三脚架来支撑枢 轴 53、 54。
连杆组由四个连杆围成,在第一摆杆 51或第二摆杆 52的摆动平面上的投影为一四边 形; 在本发明第一实施例中, 优选的四个连杆 61、 62、 63、 64 的长度相同, 因此在曲轴 7转动的过程中, 四个连杆始终在所述摆动平面投影成一个菱形。 并且轴心 71与枢轴 53、 54的距离(两直线之间的距离, 或者说是所述摆动平面面上的两投影点之间的距离)为连 杆长度的^倍。 四个连杆分别为:
第一连杆 61 : 如图 3、 图 4和图 6所示, 第一连杆 61与第二摆杆 52、 第二枢轴 54 一体成型, 第一连杆 61与第二枢轴 54之间固定连接, 不能发生相对转动, 而第二摆杆 52 与第二枢轴 54之间也不能发生相对转动。 一体成型的优点是便于部件加工, 也便于保持 第一连杆 61与第二摆杆 52之间的角度, 降低维护成本。 因此, 第一连杆 61也相当于铰 接于枢轴 54并向下, 即向连杆颈 72的方向延伸。 以第一连杆 61与第二摆杆 52所成夹角 为第一夹角, 第一夹角优选的为 45度。 第一夹角也可不等于 45度。 第二连杆 62: 如图 3-图 5所示, 第二连杆 62与第一摆杆 51、 第一枢轴 53—体成型, 第二连杆 62与第一枢轴 53之间固定连接, 不能发生相对转动, 而第一摆杆 51与第一枢 轴 53之间也不能发生相对转动。一体成型的优点同上。 因此, 第二连杆 62也相当于铰接 于枢轴 53并向下, 即向连杆颈 72的方向延伸。 以第二连杆 62与第一摆杆 51所成的角度 为第二夹角, 则在第一夹角为 45度时, 第二夹角的角度应为 45度, 因此第二夹角与上述 第一夹角互为余角 (两角之和为 90度时称互为余角) , 以保证不同摆杆所连接的活塞之 间的运动相位相差 90度, 例如活塞 111与活塞 131、 141之间相位相差 90度。
第三连杆 63 : 第三连杆 63的上端通过铰接轴 89铰接于第一连杆 61, 第三连杆 63的 下端铰接于曲轴 7的连杆颈 72。
第四连杆 64: 第四连杆 64的上端通过铰接轴 80铰接于第二连杆 62, 第四连杆 64的 下端也铰接于曲轴 7的连杆颈 72。
上述的第一夹角与第二夹角还可以分别取(30, 60)、 (36, 54)、 (54, 36)及(60, 30)等不同的互余的角度; 还有, 可以是第三连杆 63的长度大于第一连杆 61的长度, 只 要保证第一连杆 61与第二连杆 62等长, 第三连杆 63与第四连杆 64等长。
以上介绍了本发明第一实施例的外燃机的各组成部分,下面再介绍本发明第一实施例 的外燃机的工作原理。
对于热气组件中的每一气体通道来说, 其工作原理与现有技术的相同类型外燃机相 同。
如图 2所示, 只要按照现有技术外燃机的装配方式, 将活塞 111、 141、 121、 131 的 初始位置调整到运动相位差相差 90度的位置即可很容易的启动外燃机。
可如图 7所示的, 将活塞 121调整至上止点 A, 相应的, 与活塞 121在同一摆杆上的 活塞 111对应调整至下止点, 与活塞 121不在同一摆杆上的活塞 131调整至中间位置 B, 即与活塞 111、 121的运动相位相差 90度, 由于此时热腔 142膨胀做功, 因此, 活塞 141 所处的位置为运动趋势向上的中间位置 D,相应的活塞 131位于运动趋势向下的中间位置 B。
在同一气体通道中, 或者称同一组动力循环机构中, 当气体通道两端的活塞的运动方 向相反时, 在所述气体通道中的密封气体体积会快速膨胀或收缩而迫使活塞做功; 而当气 体通道两端的活塞的运动方向相同时,在所述气体通道中的密封气体会在一个气缸的热腔 和另外一个气缸的冷腔之间快速移动, 这时活塞不做功。
由以上可知, 如图 7所示的四个气体通道的做功情况如下: 1、 对于热腔 112、 连通管 211、 HRC组合 21、 连通管 212和冷腔 143组成的气体通 道, 此时活塞 111到达下止点 C, 也即其行程热端, 而活塞 141达到运动趋势向上的中间 位置 D, 活塞 111和活塞 141运动方向相同, 因此密封气体由冷腔 143向热腔 112转移。
2、 对于热腔 142、 连通管 241、 HRC组合 24、 连通管 242和冷腔 123组成的气体通 道, 此时活塞 121到达上止点 A, 也即其行程冷端, 而活塞 141达到运动趋势向上的中间 位置 D, 活塞 121和活塞 141运动方向相反, 因此热腔 142内的密封气体受热膨胀, 带动 活塞 141向上运动做功, 活塞 121向下运动做功。
3、 对于热腔 122、 连通管 221、 HRC组合 22、 连通管 222和冷腔 133组成的气体通 道, 此时活塞 121到达上止点 A, 也即其行程冷端, 而活塞 131达到运动趋势向下的中间 位置 B, 活塞 121和活塞 131运动方向相同, 因此密封气体由热腔 122向冷腔 133转移。
4、 对于热腔 132、 连通管 231、 HRC组合 23、 连通管 232和冷腔 113组成的气体通 道, 此时活塞 111到达下止点 C, 也即其行程热端, 而活塞 131达到运动趋势向下的中间 位置 B, 活塞 111和活塞 131运动方向相反, 因此冷腔 113内的密封气体受冷收缩, 带动 活塞 111向上运动做功, 活塞 131向下运动做功。
由于活塞 111、 121、 131、 141的运动而带动与活塞相连接的摆杆 51、 52的转动, 进 而带动与摆杆 51、 52固定连接的连杆 61、 62、 63、 64的转动, 最终使得通过连杆颈 72 与连杆 61、 62、 63、 64连接的轴心 71的转动。 曲轴颈 72转动的行程如下, 其中假设曲 轴颈 72在最高点时的相位角为 0度, 最低点时的相位为 180度, 在水平右侧时为 90度, 水平左侧时为 270度:
1、 当活塞 141到达其上止点 A时, 活塞 131到达其下止点 C, 此时第二摆杆 52处在 左端达到上止点而右端达到下止点, 即第二摆杆 52处在左端最高右端最低的位置, 此时 活塞 121位于运动趋势向下的中间位置 B, 而活塞 111位于运动趋势向上的中间位置 D, 因此第一摆杆 51处在水平状态, 因此第二连杆 62与水平成 45度角, 而第一连杆 61与水 平所成的锐角小于 45度 (与第二摆杆 52的摆动幅度有关) , 两者的夹角较大, 因此曲轴 颈 72处在第四象限 (270-360度之间) , 由于第二摆杆 52左端的转动趋势向下, 第一摆 杆 51左端的转动趋势向上, 第一连杆 61与第二连杆 62之间的夹角有变小的趋势, 因此 会带动曲轴颈 72向第三象限 (180-270度之间) 转动。
2、 当活塞 141到达运动趋势向下的中间位置 B, 活塞 131到达运动趋势向上的中间 位置 D, 所以第二摆杆 52处在水平状态, 此时活塞 111位于上止点 A, 而活塞 121位于 下止点 C, 因此第一摆杆 51左端达到上止点而右端达到下止点, 即第一摆杆 51处在左端 最高右端最低的位置, 因此第二连杆 62与水平所成的锐角大于 45度, 而第一连杆 61与 水平所成的角度为 45度, 两者的夹角较小, 因此曲轴颈 72处在第三象限 ( 180-270度之 间) , 由于第一摆杆 51左端的转动趋势向下, 第二摆杆 52左端的转动趋势向下, 因此会 带动曲轴颈 72向第二象限 (90-180度之间) 转动。
3、 当活塞 141到达其下止点 C时, 置换活塞 131到达其上止点 A, 所以第二摆杆 51 处在右端达到上止点而左端达到下止点, 即第二摆杆 52处在左端最低右端最高的位置, 活塞 121位于运动趋势向上的中间位置 D, 而活塞 111位于运动趋势向下的中间位置 B, 因此第一摆杆 51处在水平状态, 因此第二连杆 62与水平成 45度角, 而第一连杆 61与水 平所成的锐角大于 45度,两者的夹角较小,因此曲轴颈 72处在第二象限(90-180度之间), 由于第二摆杆 52左端的转动趋势向上, 第一摆杆 51左端的转动趋势向下, 第一连杆 61 和第二连杆 62之间的夹角有增大的趋势, 因此会带动曲轴颈向第一象限 (0-90度之间) 转动。
4、 当活塞 141到达运动趋势向上的中间位置 D时, 置换活塞 131到达运动趋势向下 的中间位置 B, 即如图 7所述的位置, 此时第二摆杆 52处在水平状态, 此时活塞 111位 于下止点 C, 而活塞 121位于上止点 A, 因此第一摆杆 51左端达到下止点而右端达到上 止点, 即第二摆杆 52、 53处在左端最低右端最高的位置, 因此第二连杆 62与水平所成的 锐角小于 45度, 而第一连杆 61与水平所成的角度为 45度, 两者的夹角较大, 因此曲轴 颈 72处在第一象限 (0-90度之间) , 由于第一摆杆 51 左端的转动趋势向上, 第二摆杆 52、 53左端的转动趋势向上, 因此会带动曲轴颈 72向第四象限 (270-360度之间) 转动 并重复 1-4的过程。
在上述的过程中, 当第三连杆 63经过轴心 71的瞬间, 以及第三连杆 63的延长线经 过轴心 71的瞬间,这时连杆 63在曲轴颈 72的切线方向的力为 0, 曲轴可以靠飞轮的惯性 而继续转动, 在不设置飞轮的情况下, 可由做功的活塞的带动下继续转动。
第一摆杆 51与第二摆杆 52的摆动幅度可视实际情况确定,两者的摆动幅度可以相同, 也可以不相同。
本发明第二实施例的外燃机:
如图 8和图 9所示, 本发明第二实施例的外燃机, 也可以划分为热气组件、 曲轴 7和 传动机构三个组成部分, 其中的传动装置包括摆杆组和连杆组两部分。 而其中的曲轴和传 动机构, 均可与第一实施例相同, 所不同的只是热气组件。
如图 8和图 9所示, 本发明第二实施例的外燃机, 所述热气组件为四组, 分别为: 第一组, 包括气缸 15和 HRC组合 25, 气缸 15内由隔板 150分为上腔和下腔, 上腔 内具有活塞 155, 下腔内具有活塞 151, 活塞 155与隔板 150之间形成有冷腔 156, 活塞 151将气缸 15的所述下腔分隔为不连通的热腔 152和辅助冷腔 153 ;热腔 152通过连通管 251连接 HRC组合 25的热端; 辅助冷腔 153通过连通管 253连接 HRC组合 25的冷端。
第二组, 包括气缸 16和 HRC组合 26, 气缸 16内由隔板 160分为上腔和下腔, 上腔 内具有活塞 165, 下腔内具有活塞 161, 活塞 165与隔板 160之间形成有冷腔 166, 活塞 161将气缸 16的所述下腔分隔为不连通的热腔 162和辅助冷腔 163 ;热腔 162通过连通管 261连接 HRC组合 26的热端; 辅助冷腔 163通过连通管 263连接 HRC组合 26的冷端。
第三组, 包括气缸 17和 HRC组合 27, 气缸 17内由隔板 170分为上腔和下腔, 上腔 内具有活塞 175, 下腔内具有活塞 171, 活塞 175与隔板 170之间形成有冷腔 176, 活塞 171将气缸 17的所述下腔分隔为不连通的热腔 172和辅助冷腔 173 ;热腔 172通过连通管 271连接 HRC组合 27的热端; 辅助冷腔 173通过连通管 273连接 HRC组合 27的冷端。
第四组, 包括气缸 18和 HRC组合 28, 气缸 18内由隔板 180分为上腔和下腔, 上腔 内具有活塞 185, 下腔内具有活塞 181, 活塞 185与隔板 180之间形成有冷腔 186, 活塞 181将气缸 18的所述下腔分隔为不连通的热腔 182和辅助冷腔 183 ;热腔 182通过连通管 281连接 HRC组合 28的热端; 辅助冷腔 183通过连通管 283连接 HRC组合 28的冷端。
上述的活塞 151、 161、 171、 181均为置换活塞, 活塞 155、 165、 175、 185均为动力 活塞, 活塞 151和活塞 155具有共同的活塞杆 154, 活塞 161和活塞 165具有共同的活塞 杆 164, 活塞 171和活塞 175具有共同的活塞杆 174, 活塞 181和活塞 185具有共同的活 塞杆 184。 活塞杆 154、 164、 174、 184分别由铰接轴 81、 82、 83、 84分为上下两段, 铰 接轴 81、 82、 83、 84位于活塞 181、 182、 183、 184的上方或上表面。
上述的四组热气组件中的四个气缸 15、 16、 17、 18, 与第一实施例相同, 呈矩形布置, 气缸 15与气缸 17对角线相对, 而气缸 16与气缸 18对角线相对, 气缸 15与气缸 16、 气 缸 18相邻。 而对于 HRC组合, 则并不限定其布置方式, 既可以为矩形布置, 也可以一字 排开。
前述的介绍中介绍了各气缸的热腔与 HRC组合、 辅助冷腔与 HRC组合的连接关系, 而对于冷腔与 HRC组合的连接方式, 本实施例中采用的仍是交叉连接的方式, 如图 9所 示, 气缸 15的冷腔 156通过连通管 272与 HRC组合 27的冷端相连, 进而与所述气缸 17 的热腔 172相连通, 气缸 17的冷腔 176通过连通管 262与 HRC组合 26的冷端相连, 进 而与气缸 16的热腔 162相连通,气缸 16的冷腔 166通过连通管 262与 HRC组合 28的冷 端相连, 进而与气缸 18的热腔 182相连通, 气缸 18的冷腔 186通过连通管 252与 HRC 组合 25的冷端相连, 进而与气缸 15的热腔 152相连通。
当然, 上述冷腔 156、 166、 176、 186也可不直接与 HRC组合 25、 26、 27、 28冷端 直接相连, 而是如图 8所示, 通过连通管 252将辅助冷腔 153与冷腔 186相连接, 通过连 通管 262将辅助冷腔 163与冷腔 176相连接, 通过连通管 272将辅助冷腔 173与冷腔 156 相连接, 通过连通管 282将辅助冷腔 183与冷腔 166相连接。
基于上述的连通情况, 本发明第一实施例的外燃机中有四组气体通道, 分别为:
1、 热腔 152、 连通管 251、 HRC组合 25、 连通管 252、 冷腔 186、 连通管 253和辅助 冷腔 153 ;
2、 热腔 182、 连通管 281、 HRC组合 28、 连通管 282、 冷腔 166、 连通管 283和辅助 冷腔 183 ;
3、 热腔 162、 连通管 261、 HRC组合 26、 连通管 262、 冷腔 176、 连通管 263和辅助 冷腔 163 ;
4、 热腔 172、 连通管 271、 HRC组合 27、 连通管 272、 冷腔 156、 连通管 273和辅助 冷腔 173 ;
通过外部热源加热 HRC组合 25、 26、 27、 28中的所述加热器 (H) , 以使上述气体 通道内的气体在所述冷腔、所述辅助冷腔和其所连通的所述热腔之间往复运动膨胀收缩以 带动各所述活塞通过所述传动机构所连接的曲轴 7 周期运动做功。 其中的各所述辅助冷 腔, 起到的是加大气体容积, 增加外燃机功率的作用。
各所述活塞运动的上下界, 与第一实施例相同, 以保证各所述冷腔、 各所述辅助冷腔 及各所述热腔的体积不会在一段时间内为 0 (可以瞬间为 0) 。
本发明第二实施例外燃机的热气组件的工作原理以及传动机构的工作原理,均与第一 实施例相同, 不再赘述。
本发明第三实施例的外燃机:
如图 10所示(图 10中省略了热气组件中的各连通管),本发明第三实施例的外燃机, 也可以划分为热气组件、 曲轴 7和传动机构三个组成部分, 其中的传动装置包括摆杆组和 连杆组两部分。 而其中的曲轴和传动机构, 有与前两实施例不同之处, 而热气组件的连接 方式及热气组件的工作原理均可与第一实施例相同或与第二实施例相同。
本实施例中, 传动机构的工作原理, 与前两实施例相同, 所不同的是, 设置曲轴 7的 位置和连杆 61、 62、 63、 64相对枢轴 53、 54的位置关系。 如图 10所示, 在热气组件的各气缸之间可支撑有横板 41, 横板 41上设置有与横板 41垂直的立柱 46、 47, 立柱 46的高度大于立柱 47的高度, 例如立柱 46是立柱 47高度 的两倍, 曲轴 7的轴心 71可转动地连接于立柱 46的上部, 靠近立柱 46顶端的位置, 而 枢轴 53通过轴承 530枢转连接于立柱 47的上部或顶端, 枢轴 54通过轴承 540枢转连接 于立柱 46的中部, 例如立柱 46高度方向中心的位置; 横板 41与立柱 46、 47的设置, 既 加强了各气缸之间的支撑强度, 防止气缸间的相对位移, 也加强了外燃机整体的强度, 也 便于设置曲轴 7和枢轴 53、 54。
在曲轴 7设置于枢轴 53、 54上方的情况下, 连杆 61、 62、 63、 64则可设置于枢轴 53、 54上方。
如图 10所示, 第一连杆 61铰接于枢轴 54并向上, 即向连杆颈 72的方向延伸, 第二 连杆 62铰接于枢轴 53并向上, 即向连杆颈 72的方向延伸。第三连杆 63的下端通过铰接 轴 89铰接于第一连杆 61, 第三连杆 63的上端铰接于曲轴 Ί的连杆颈 72。第四连杆 64的 下端通过铰接轴 80铰接于第二连杆 62,第四连杆 64的上端也铰接于曲轴 7的连杆颈 72。
本实施例的好处在于, 防止连杆 61、 62、 63、 64与外燃机的其他部件发生运动干涉, 降低了外燃机的设计复杂度。
如上所示, 本发明优选实施例的传动机构及本发明优选实施例的外燃机, 连杆组、 摆 杆组及活塞杆等所有铰接件 (铰接轴 80-89) 的连接和转动件的转动支撑都由轴承实现, 对润滑要求低, 免维护周期长, 不必使用现有技术的多拐结构, 不需用轴瓦进行连接或支 撑, 节省了润滑剂的成本和润滑剂存储池所占用的空间, 因此降低了传动系统的成本。
至此本文所述的实施方式应该理解为是对本发明的解释, 而非对本发明的限制。本发 明的范围不是由以上说明书来说明, 而是由专利的权利要求来限定, 本发明意欲包括与本 专利权利要求的意义和范围等同的所有修正。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种外燃机, 其特征在于, 所述外燃机包括热气组件、 传动机构和曲轴; 所述热气组件包括四组加热器、 回热器和冷却器和呈矩形布置的四个气缸, 第一气缸 与第二气缸、 第四气缸相邻, 与第三气缸相对; 所述第一、 第二、 第三和第四气缸的活塞 分别连接有第一、第二、第三和第四活塞杆;每一所述气缸内形成有不连通的冷腔和热腔, 每一所述热腔与一组所述加热器、回热器和冷却器及另一气缸的一所述冷腔气路连通以形 成气体通道;
通过外部热源加热所述加热器以使所述气体通道内的气体在所述冷腔和其所连通的 所述热腔之间往复运动膨胀收缩以带动各活塞通过所述传动机构所连接的曲轴周期运动 做功;
所述传动机构包括摆杆组和连杆组:
所述摆杆组包括摆动平面相互平行的第一摆杆和与第二摆杆,所述第一摆杆的两 端铰接所述第一活塞杆和所述第二活塞杆,所述第二摆杆的两端铰接所述第 三活塞杆和所述第四活塞杆,所述第一摆杆的第一枢轴与所述第二摆杆的第 二枢轴共轴;
所述连杆组包括四个连杆, 四个连杆为:
长度相等的第一连杆与第二连杆,分别自所述第二枢轴和所述第一枢轴向下 延伸,分别与所述第一枢轴和所述第二枢轴固定连接并与所述第二摆杆 和所述第一摆杆保持互余的介于 30-60度的夹角;
长度相等的第三连杆与第四连杆,它们的上端分别铰接于第一连杆和第二连 杆, 它们的下端铰接于所述曲轴的连杆颈。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的外燃机, 其特征在于, 所述第一摆杆与所述第二连杆的夹角 为 45度, 所述第二摆杆与所述第一连杆的夹角为 45度。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的外燃机, 其特征在于, 所述四个连杆的长度均相等。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的外燃机, 其特征在于, 所述第一摆杆、 第一枢轴与所述第二 连杆一体成型, 所述第二摆杆、 第二枢轴与所述第一连杆一体成型。
5、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的外燃机, 其特征在于, 所述传动机构和所述曲轴密封在 曲轴箱中, 所述曲轴箱中密封有高压气体; 四个所述气缸之间支撑有横板, 所述横板上设 置有与所述横板垂直的第一立柱或第二立柱, 所述曲轴可转动地连接于所述第二立柱下 部, 所述第一枢轴和所述第二枢轴分别枢转连接于所述第一立柱和所述第二立柱的上部。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的外燃机, 其特征在于, 所述气缸内均设置有动力活塞, 所述 动力活塞的下方形成有热腔,所述动力活塞的上方形成有冷腔,所述第一气缸的冷腔与所 述第三气缸的热腔相连通,所述第三气缸的冷腔与所述第二气缸的热腔相连通,所述第二 气缸的冷腔与所述第四气缸的热腔相连通,所述第四气缸的冷腔与所述第一气缸的热腔相 连通。
7、 如权利要求 5所述的外燃机, 其特征在于, 各所述气缸由隔板分隔成上腔与下腔, 所述上腔和所述下腔内分别设置有由同一活塞杆连接的动力活塞与置换活塞,所述下腔中 所述置换活塞的下方形成有热腔,所述下腔中所述置换活塞的上方与所述隔板间形成有辅 助冷腔,所述上腔中所述动力活塞的下方形成有冷腔,所述第一气缸的冷腔与所述第三气 缸的热腔相连通,所述第三气缸的冷腔与所述第二气缸的热腔相连通,所述第二气缸的冷 腔与所述第四气缸的热腔相连通,所述第四气缸的冷腔与所述第一气缸的热腔相连通, 同 组的加热器与冷却器分别与同一气缸的所述热腔和所述辅助冷腔相连。
8、 一种传动机构, 用于外燃机的曲轴与气缸活塞杆之间的传动; 所述传动机构包括 连杆组和摆杆组:
所述摆杆组包括摆动平面相互平行的第一摆杆和与第二摆杆, 所述第一摆杆的两端 用以分别铰接所述外燃机一侧的两气缸的两活塞杆,所述第二摆杆的两端用以分别铰接所 述外燃机另一侧的两气缸的两活塞杆,所述第一摆杆的第一枢轴与所述第二摆杆的第二枢 轴共轴;
所述连杆组包括四个连杆; 四个连杆分别为: 长度相等的第一连杆与第二连杆, 分 别自所述第二枢轴和所述第一枢轴向下延伸,分别与所述第二枢轴和所述第一枢轴固定连 接并与所述第二摆杆和所述第一摆杆保持互余的介于 30-60度的夹角;长度相等的第三连 杆与第四连杆,它们的上端分别铰接于第一连杆和第二连杆,它们的下端铰接于所述曲轴 的连杆颈。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的传动机构, 其特征在于, 所述第二摆杆与所述第一连杆的夹 角为 45度, 所述第一摆杆与所述第二连杆的夹角为 45度。
10、 如权利要求 8或 9所述的传动机构, 其特征在于, 所述第一摆杆、 第一枢轴与所 述第二连杆一体成型, 所述第二摆杆、 第二枢轴与所述第一连杆一体成型。
11、 一种外燃机, 其特征在于, 所述外燃机包括热气组件、 传动机构和曲轴; 所述热气组件包括四组加热器、 回热器和冷却器和呈矩形布置的四个气缸, 第一气缸 与第二气缸、 第四气缸相邻, 与第三气缸相对; 所述第一、 第二、 第三和第四气缸的活塞 分别连接有第一、第二、第三和第四活塞杆;每一所述气缸内形成有不连通的冷腔和热腔, 每一所述热腔与一组所述加热器、回热器和冷却器及另一气缸的一所述冷腔气路连通以形 成气体通道;
通过外部热源加热所述加热器以使所述气体通道内的气体在所述冷腔和其所连通的 所述热腔之间往复运动膨胀收缩以带动各活塞通过所述传动机构所连接的曲轴周期运动 做功;
所述传动机构包括摆杆组和连杆组:
所述摆杆组包括摆动平面相互平行的第一摆杆和与第二摆杆,所述第一摆杆的两 端铰接所述第一活塞杆和所述第二活塞杆,所述第二摆杆的两端铰接所述第 三活塞杆和所述第四活塞杆,所述第一摆杆的第一枢轴与所述第二摆杆的第 二枢轴共轴;
所述连杆组包括四个连杆, 四个连杆为:
长度相等的第一连杆与第二连杆,分别自所述第二枢轴和所述第一枢轴向上 延伸,分别与所述第一枢轴和所述第二枢轴固定连接并与所述第二摆杆 和所述第一摆杆保持互余的介于 30-60度的夹角;
长度相等的第三连杆与第四连杆, 它们的下端分别铰接于第一连杆和第二连 杆, 它们的上端铰接于所述曲轴的连杆颈。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的外燃机, 其特征在于, 所述传动机构和所述曲轴密封在曲 轴箱中, 所述曲轴箱中密封有高压气体; 四个所述气缸之间支撑有横板, 所述横板上设置 有与所述横板垂直的第一立柱或第二立柱,所述第二立柱高于所述第一立柱,所述曲轴可 转动地连接于所述第一立柱上部,所述第一枢轴和所述第二枢轴分别枢转连接于所述第一 立柱的上部和所述第二立柱的中部。
13、一种传动机构, 用于外燃机的曲轴与气缸活塞杆之间的传动; 所述传动机构包括 连杆组和摆杆组:
所述摆杆组包括摆动平面相互平行的第一摆杆和与第二摆杆, 所述第一摆杆的两端 用以分别铰接所述外燃机一侧的两气缸的两活塞杆,所述第二摆杆的两端用以分别铰接所 述外燃机另一侧的两气缸的两活塞杆,所述第一摆杆的第一枢轴与所述第二摆杆的第二枢 轴共轴;
所述连杆组包括四个连杆; 四个连杆分别为: 长度相等的第一连杆与第二连杆, 分 别自所述第二枢轴和所述第一枢轴向上延伸,分别与所述第二枢轴和所述第一枢轴固定连 接并与所述第二摆杆和所述第一摆杆保持互余的介于 30-60度的夹角;长度相等的第三连 杆与第四连杆,它们的下端分别铰接于第一连杆和第二连杆,它们的上端铰接于所述曲轴 的连杆颈。
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