WO2012165874A2 - Solar cell apparatus - Google Patents

Solar cell apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012165874A2
WO2012165874A2 PCT/KR2012/004295 KR2012004295W WO2012165874A2 WO 2012165874 A2 WO2012165874 A2 WO 2012165874A2 KR 2012004295 W KR2012004295 W KR 2012004295W WO 2012165874 A2 WO2012165874 A2 WO 2012165874A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar cell
light
cell apparatus
wavelength
wavelength converter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2012/004295
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French (fr)
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WO2012165874A3 (en
Inventor
Kyung Eun Park
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Lg Innotek Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. filed Critical Lg Innotek Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2012165874A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012165874A2/en
Publication of WO2012165874A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012165874A3/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the embodiment relates to a solar cell apparatus and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • a CIGS-based solar cell which is a PN hetero junction apparatus having a substrate structure including a glass substrate, a metallic back electrode layer, a P type CIGS-based light absorbing layer, a high-resistance buffer layer, and an N type window layer, has been extensively used.
  • the embodiment provides a solar cell apparatus having improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • a solar cell apparatus includes a wavelength converter for converting a wavelength of incident light; a light condenser arranged under the wavelength converter; and a solar cell panel into which light condensed through the light condenser is incident.
  • the solar cell apparatus includes a wavelength converter and a light condenser.
  • the solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment can convert solar light into light having desired wavelengths, condense the light having the desired wavelengths and make the light having the desired wavelengths incident into the solar cell panel.
  • the solar cell apparatus can convert solar light into light having optimum wavelengths. That is, the solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment can convert incident light into light having wavelengths suitable for the solar cell panel, thereby performing the solar power generation.
  • the solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment may have improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • the solar cell apparatus can convert incident light into light having the effective wavelength band, so that an amount of light converted into heat energy can be reduced.
  • the solar cell apparatus can prevent a temperature rise of a solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a solar cell apparatus according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating one section of a solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view illustrating a portion of A in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating one section of the solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating one section of a solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view illustrating a portion of 'A' in FIG. 2.
  • the solar cell apparatus includes a wavelength converter 100, a light condenser 200 and a solar cell panel 300.
  • the wavelength converter 100 is disposed on the light condenser 200.
  • the wavelength converter 100 may be first disposed on the basis of an incident path of solar light. That is, the wavelength converter 100, the light condenser 200 and the solar cell panel 300 may be sequentially arranged on the basis of the incident path of solar light.
  • the wavelength converter 100 converts a wavelength of an incident light.
  • the wavelength converter 100 may increase a wavelength of an incident light.
  • the wavelength converter 100 may convert an incident ultraviolet ray into a visible ray.
  • the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident blue light into green or red light.
  • the wavelength converter 100 includes a transparent substrate 110, a plurality of hosts 120, a plurality of wavelength conversion particles 130, and a protective layer 140.
  • the transparent substrate 110 has a plate shape.
  • the transparent substrate 110 is disposed on the light condenser 200.
  • the transparent substrate 110 is transparent.
  • the transparent substrate 110 may be a glass or plastic substrate.
  • the transparent substrate 110 includes the hosts 120 and the wavelength conversion particles 130. Further, the transparent substrate 110 supports the protective layer 140.
  • the transparent substrate 110 has a plurality of grooves 111.
  • the hosts 120 and the wavelength conversion particles 130 are disposed on insides of the grooves 111.
  • the grooves 111 may be formed on an upper surface of the transparent substrate 110. To the contrary, the grooves 111 may be formed on a low surface of the transparent substrate 110.
  • Each of the grooves 111 includes a curved surface.
  • each inner surface of the grooves 111 may be curved.
  • each inner surface of the grooves 111 may be curved as a whole.
  • the hosts 120 are disposed in the grooves 111, respectively. Each of the grooves 111 may fill with the hosts 120. The hosts 120 may adhere closely to the inner surfaces of the grooves 111.
  • the hosts 120 are transparent.
  • the hosts 120 may include a polymer.
  • the hosts 120 may include a photo-curable resin or a thermosetting resin.
  • the hosts 120 may include a silicone-based resin.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 are disposed in each of the hosts 120.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 are uniformly distributed in each of the hosts 120.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert wavelengths of incident solar light.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert the wavelengths of incident solar light into longer wavelengths.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert an ultraviolet ray into a visible ray.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert light having the wavelength in the range of about 400 to about 500nm into light having the wavelength in the range of about 500 to about 700nm.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 may be quantum dots (QDs).
  • the quantum dot may include a core nanocrystal and a shell nanocrystal surrounding the core nanocrystal. Further, the quantum dot may include an organic ligand combined with the shell nanocrystal. Further, the quantum dot may include an organic coating layer surrounding the shell nanocrystal.
  • the shell nanocrystals may be prepared as at least two layers.
  • the shell nanocrystals are formed on the surface of the core nanocrystals.
  • the quantum dots can lengthen the wavelength of the light incident into the core nanocrystals by using the shell nanocrystals forming a shell layer, thereby improving the light efficiency.
  • the quantum dots may include at least one of a group-II compound semiconductor, a group-III compound semiconductor, a group-V compound semiconductor, and a group-VI compound semiconductor.
  • the core nanocrystals may include CdSe, InGaP, CdTe, CdS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnS, HgTe or HgS.
  • the shell nanocrystals may include CuZnS, CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnS, HgTe or HgS.
  • the quantum dot may have a diameter of about 1nm to about 10nm.
  • the wavelength of the light emitted from the quantum dots can be adjusted according to the size of the quantum dot or a molar ratio between a molecular cluster compound and a nanoparticle precursor in a synthesis process.
  • the organic ligand may include pyridine, mercapto alcohol, thiol, phosphine, and phosphine oxide.
  • the organic ligand may stabilize the unstable quantum dots after the synthesis process. Dangling bonds may be formed at the valence band after the synthesis process and the quantum dots may be unstable due to the dangling bonds. However, since one end of the organic ligand is the non-bonding state, one end of the organic ligand is bonded with the dangling bonds, thereby stabilizing the quantum dots.
  • the size of the quantum dot is smaller than the Bohr radius of an exciton, which consists of an electron and a hole excited by light and electricity, the quantum confinement effect may occur, so that the quantum dot may have the discrete energy level.
  • the size of the energy gap is changed.
  • the charges are confined within the quantum dot, so that the light emitting efficiency can be improved.
  • the fluorescent wavelength of the quantum dot may vary depending on the size of the particles.
  • the light has the shorter wavelength as the size of the particle becomes small, so the fluorescent light having the wavelength band of visible ray can be generated by adjusting the size of the particles.
  • the quantum dot represents the extinction coefficient, which is 100 to 1000 times higher than that of the general fluorescent pigment, and has the superior quantum yield as compared with the general fluorescent pigment, so that the strong fluorescent light can be generated.
  • the quantum dots can be synthesized through the chemical wet scheme.
  • the chemical wet scheme is to grow the particles by immersing the precursor material in the organic solvent. According to the chemical wet scheme, the quantum dots can be synthesized.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 may shorten wavelengths of incident solar light.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert an infrared ray into a visible ray.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 may include a fluorescent substance.
  • the fluorescent substance may lengthen or shorten a wavelength of incident light.
  • the fluorescent substance may include a YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) based fluorescent substance, a TAG (Terbium Aluminum Garnet) based fluorescent substance, a sialon based fluorescent substance and a BOS (Barium ortho-Silicate) based fluorescent substance.
  • the fluorescent substance may be an up-conversion fluorescent substance.
  • the up-conversion fluorescent substance may include YAlO 3 :Er, YTa7O19:Tm or Gd 3 Al 5 O 12 :Er,Yb.
  • the wavelength conversion particles 130 may be silica particles doped with Tm or Er. Such silica particles may up-convert incident light.
  • the protective layer 140 is disposed on the transparent substrate 110.
  • the protective layer 140 covers the grooves 111.
  • the protective layer 140 covers the hosts 120 and the wavelength conversion particles 130.
  • the protective layer 140 is coated on upper surfaces of the transparent substrate 110 and the hosts 120.
  • the protective layer 140 protects the wavelength conversion particles 130.
  • the protective layer 140 prevents moisture and/or oxygen from penetrating through the wavelength conversion particles 130.
  • the protective layer 140 protects the wavelength conversion particles 130 from external chemical shock.
  • the protective layer 140 is transparent.
  • a material used for the protective layer 140 may include an inorganic material such as a silicon oxide.
  • Tm or Er may be doped on the entire surface of the transparent substrate 110, and the transparent substrate 110 may have the up-conversion function.
  • the light condenser 200 is disposed under the wavelength converter 100.
  • the light condenser 200 may adhere to a low surface of the wavelength converter 100.
  • the light condenser 200 is disposed between the wavelength converter 100 and the solar cell panel 300 based on a path of incident solar light.
  • the light condenser 200 varies a path of light incident through the wavelength converter 100.
  • the light condenser 200 condenses light incident through the wavelength converter 100.
  • the light condenser 200 may be a lens such as a Fresnel lens, a convex lens, etc.
  • the light condenser 200 may include a plurality of light path changers 210 each of which has a loop shape.
  • the solar cell panel 300 is disposed under the light condenser 200.
  • the solar cell panel 300 is disposed next to the light condenser 200 based on a path of incident solar light.
  • the solar cell panel 300 is spaced apart from the wavelength converter 100 and the light condenser 200.
  • the solar cell panel 300 may have a surface area less than that of the wavelength converter 100.
  • the solar cell panel 300 converts incident light into electric energy.
  • the solar cell panel 300 may include a plurality of solar cells.
  • the solar cell may be a CdTe based solar cell, a GaAs based solar cell, an a-Si based solar cell, a c-Si based solar cell or a CIGS-based solar cell.
  • the wavelength converter 100 can convert a wavelength of incident light suitably for solar cells included in the solar cell panel 300.
  • the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 400nm to 900nm.
  • the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 500nm to 900nm.
  • the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 400nm to 600nm.
  • the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 700nm to 1000nm.
  • the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 500nm to 1100nm.
  • the solar cell apparatus can convert wavelengths of solar light into the best wavelength range. That is, the solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment can convert incident light into light having a wavelength suitable for a solar cell and perform a solar power generation.
  • the solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment may have improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • the solar cell apparatus can convert incident light into light having the effective wavelength band, so that an amount of light converted into heat energy is reduced.
  • the solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment can prevent a temperature rise of a solar cell, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating one section of the solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment.
  • a light condenser will be additionally described with reference to the above-described solar cell apparatus. That is, the above description for the solar cell apparatus may be incorporated herein by reference.
  • a light condenser 400 may extend from an outer peripheral portion of the wavelength converter 100 to an outer peripheral portion of the solar cell 300.
  • the light condenser 400 may have a tube shape.
  • the light condenser 400 includes a reflective surface 410.
  • an inner surface of the light condenser 400 is the reflective surface 410.
  • an inner diameter R of the light condenser 400 is gradually reduced toward the solar panel 300.
  • the light incident from the wavelength converter 100 is reflected from the reflective surface 410 and is condensed at the same time.
  • the condensed light is incident into the solar cell panel 300.
  • the solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment can restrain the temperature rise of the solar cell.
  • the solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment may have improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • any reference in this specification to "one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” etc. means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention.
  • the appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a solar cell apparatus. The solar cell apparatus includes a wavelength converter for converting a wavelength of incident light; a light condenser under the wavelength converter; and a solar cell panel into which light condensed through the light condenser is incident.

Description

SOLAR CELL APPARATUS
The embodiment relates to a solar cell apparatus and a method for manufacturing the same.
Recently, as energy consumption is increased, a solar cell has been developed to convert solar energy into electrical energy.
In particular, a CIGS-based solar cell, which is a PN hetero junction apparatus having a substrate structure including a glass substrate, a metallic back electrode layer, a P type CIGS-based light absorbing layer, a high-resistance buffer layer, and an N type window layer, has been extensively used.
In addition, in order to manufacture such a solar cell apparatus, a patterning process must be performed to provide a plurality of cells.
The embodiment provides a solar cell apparatus having improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.
A solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment includes a wavelength converter for converting a wavelength of incident light; a light condenser arranged under the wavelength converter; and a solar cell panel into which light condensed through the light condenser is incident.
The solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment includes a wavelength converter and a light condenser. Thus, the solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment can convert solar light into light having desired wavelengths, condense the light having the desired wavelengths and make the light having the desired wavelengths incident into the solar cell panel.
Thus, the solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment can convert solar light into light having optimum wavelengths. That is, the solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment can convert incident light into light having wavelengths suitable for the solar cell panel, thereby performing the solar power generation.
Therefore, the solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment may have improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Further, the solar cell apparatus according to the embodiment can convert incident light into light having the effective wavelength band, so that an amount of light converted into heat energy can be reduced. Thus, the solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment can prevent a temperature rise of a solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a solar cell apparatus according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating one section of a solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view illustrating a portion of A in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment; and
FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating one section of the solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment.
In the description of the embodiments, it will be understood that, when a panel, a plate, a substrate, a part, a layer, a cell or an area is referred to as being "on" or "under" another panel, another plate, another substrate, another part, another layer, another cell or another area, it can be "directly" or "indirectly" on the other panel, plate, substrate, part, layer, battery or area, or one or more intervening layers may also be present. Such a position of the layer has been described with reference to the drawings. The thickness and size of each layer shown in the drawings may be exaggerated, omitted or schematically drawn for the purpose of convenience or clarity. In addition, the size of elements does not utterly reflect an actual size.
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating one section of a solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view illustrating a portion of 'A' in FIG. 2.
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, the solar cell apparatus includes a wavelength converter 100, a light condenser 200 and a solar cell panel 300.
The wavelength converter 100 is disposed on the light condenser 200. The wavelength converter 100 may be first disposed on the basis of an incident path of solar light. That is, the wavelength converter 100, the light condenser 200 and the solar cell panel 300 may be sequentially arranged on the basis of the incident path of solar light.
The wavelength converter 100 converts a wavelength of an incident light. For example, the wavelength converter 100 may increase a wavelength of an incident light. For example, the wavelength converter 100 may convert an incident ultraviolet ray into a visible ray. The wavelength converter 100 may convert incident blue light into green or red light.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the wavelength converter 100 includes a transparent substrate 110, a plurality of hosts 120, a plurality of wavelength conversion particles 130, and a protective layer 140.
The transparent substrate 110 has a plate shape. The transparent substrate 110 is disposed on the light condenser 200. The transparent substrate 110 is transparent. The transparent substrate 110 may be a glass or plastic substrate.
The transparent substrate 110 includes the hosts 120 and the wavelength conversion particles 130. Further, the transparent substrate 110 supports the protective layer 140.
The transparent substrate 110 has a plurality of grooves 111. The hosts 120 and the wavelength conversion particles 130 are disposed on insides of the grooves 111. The grooves 111 may be formed on an upper surface of the transparent substrate 110. To the contrary, the grooves 111 may be formed on a low surface of the transparent substrate 110.
Each of the grooves 111 includes a curved surface. In detail, each inner surface of the grooves 111 may be curved. In more detail, each inner surface of the grooves 111 may be curved as a whole.
The hosts 120 are disposed in the grooves 111, respectively. Each of the grooves 111 may fill with the hosts 120. The hosts 120 may adhere closely to the inner surfaces of the grooves 111.
The hosts 120 are transparent. The hosts 120 may include a polymer. In detail, the hosts 120 may include a photo-curable resin or a thermosetting resin. In more detail, the hosts 120 may include a silicone-based resin.
The wavelength conversion particles 130 are disposed in each of the hosts 120. The wavelength conversion particles 130 are uniformly distributed in each of the hosts 120.
The wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert wavelengths of incident solar light. The wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert the wavelengths of incident solar light into longer wavelengths. For example, the wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert an ultraviolet ray into a visible ray. Further, the wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert light having the wavelength in the range of about 400 to about 500nm into light having the wavelength in the range of about 500 to about 700nm.
The wavelength conversion particles 130 may be quantum dots (QDs).
The quantum dot may include a core nanocrystal and a shell nanocrystal surrounding the core nanocrystal. Further, the quantum dot may include an organic ligand combined with the shell nanocrystal. Further, the quantum dot may include an organic coating layer surrounding the shell nanocrystal.
The shell nanocrystals may be prepared as at least two layers. The shell nanocrystals are formed on the surface of the core nanocrystals. The quantum dots can lengthen the wavelength of the light incident into the core nanocrystals by using the shell nanocrystals forming a shell layer, thereby improving the light efficiency.
The quantum dots may include at least one of a group-II compound semiconductor, a group-III compound semiconductor, a group-V compound semiconductor, and a group-VI compound semiconductor. In more detail, the core nanocrystals may include CdSe, InGaP, CdTe, CdS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnS, HgTe or HgS. In addition, the shell nanocrystals may include CuZnS, CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnS, HgTe or HgS. The quantum dot may have a diameter of about 1nm to about 10nm.
The wavelength of the light emitted from the quantum dots can be adjusted according to the size of the quantum dot or a molar ratio between a molecular cluster compound and a nanoparticle precursor in a synthesis process. The organic ligand may include pyridine, mercapto alcohol, thiol, phosphine, and phosphine oxide. The organic ligand may stabilize the unstable quantum dots after the synthesis process. Dangling bonds may be formed at the valence band after the synthesis process and the quantum dots may be unstable due to the dangling bonds. However, since one end of the organic ligand is the non-bonding state, one end of the organic ligand is bonded with the dangling bonds, thereby stabilizing the quantum dots.
In particular, if the size of the quantum dot is smaller than the Bohr radius of an exciton, which consists of an electron and a hole excited by light and electricity, the quantum confinement effect may occur, so that the quantum dot may have the discrete energy level. Thus, the size of the energy gap is changed. In addition, the charges are confined within the quantum dot, so that the light emitting efficiency can be improved.
Different from general fluorescent pigments, the fluorescent wavelength of the quantum dot may vary depending on the size of the particles. In detail, the light has the shorter wavelength as the size of the particle becomes small, so the fluorescent light having the wavelength band of visible ray can be generated by adjusting the size of the particles. In addition, the quantum dot represents the extinction coefficient, which is 100 to 1000 times higher than that of the general fluorescent pigment, and has the superior quantum yield as compared with the general fluorescent pigment, so that the strong fluorescent light can be generated.
The quantum dots can be synthesized through the chemical wet scheme. The chemical wet scheme is to grow the particles by immersing the precursor material in the organic solvent. According to the chemical wet scheme, the quantum dots can be synthesized.
In contrast, the wavelength conversion particles 130 may shorten wavelengths of incident solar light. For example, the wavelength conversion particles 130 may convert an infrared ray into a visible ray.
The wavelength conversion particles 130 may include a fluorescent substance. The fluorescent substance may lengthen or shorten a wavelength of incident light. For example, the fluorescent substance may include a YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) based fluorescent substance, a TAG (Terbium Aluminum Garnet) based fluorescent substance, a sialon based fluorescent substance and a BOS (Barium ortho-Silicate) based fluorescent substance.
Specifically, the fluorescent substance may be an up-conversion fluorescent substance. For example, the up-conversion fluorescent substance may include YAlO3:Er, YTa7O19:Tm or Gd3Al5O12:Er,Yb.
Further, the wavelength conversion particles 130 may be silica particles doped with Tm or Er. Such silica particles may up-convert incident light.
The protective layer 140 is disposed on the transparent substrate 110. The protective layer 140 covers the grooves 111. The protective layer 140 covers the hosts 120 and the wavelength conversion particles 130. In more detail, the protective layer 140 is coated on upper surfaces of the transparent substrate 110 and the hosts 120.
The protective layer 140 protects the wavelength conversion particles 130. In more detail, the protective layer 140 prevents moisture and/or oxygen from penetrating through the wavelength conversion particles 130. The protective layer 140 protects the wavelength conversion particles 130 from external chemical shock.
The protective layer 140 is transparent. For example, a material used for the protective layer 140 may include an inorganic material such as a silicon oxide.
Although it has been depicted in drawings that the wavelength of incident light is converted by using the wavelength conversion particles 130, the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, Tm or Er may be doped on the entire surface of the transparent substrate 110, and the transparent substrate 110 may have the up-conversion function.
The light condenser 200 is disposed under the wavelength converter 100. The light condenser 200 may adhere to a low surface of the wavelength converter 100. The light condenser 200 is disposed between the wavelength converter 100 and the solar cell panel 300 based on a path of incident solar light.
The light condenser 200 varies a path of light incident through the wavelength converter 100. In more detail, the light condenser 200 condenses light incident through the wavelength converter 100.
The light condenser 200 may be a lens such as a Fresnel lens, a convex lens, etc. For example, the light condenser 200 may include a plurality of light path changers 210 each of which has a loop shape.
The solar cell panel 300 is disposed under the light condenser 200. The solar cell panel 300 is disposed next to the light condenser 200 based on a path of incident solar light. The solar cell panel 300 is spaced apart from the wavelength converter 100 and the light condenser 200.
The solar cell panel 300 may have a surface area less than that of the wavelength converter 100. The solar cell panel 300 converts incident light into electric energy. The solar cell panel 300 may include a plurality of solar cells.
For example, the solar cell may be a CdTe based solar cell, a GaAs based solar cell, an a-Si based solar cell, a c-Si based solar cell or a CIGS-based solar cell.
The wavelength converter 100 can convert a wavelength of incident light suitably for solar cells included in the solar cell panel 300.
For example, when the solar cell is a GaAs based solar cell, the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 400nm to 900nm. When the solar cell is a CdTe based solar cell, the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 500nm to 900nm. Further, when the solar cell is an a-Si based solar cell, the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 400nm to 600nm. Further, when the solar cell is an c-Si based solar cell, the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 700nm to 1000nm. Further, when the solar cell is a CIGS based solar cell, the wavelength converter 100 may convert incident light into light having the wavelength in the range of 500nm to 1100nm.
Thus, the solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment can convert wavelengths of solar light into the best wavelength range. That is, the solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment can convert incident light into light having a wavelength suitable for a solar cell and perform a solar power generation.
Therefore, the solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment may have improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Further, the solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment can convert incident light into light having the effective wavelength band, so that an amount of light converted into heat energy is reduced. Thus, the solar cell apparatus according to an embodiment can prevent a temperature rise of a solar cell, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating one section of the solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, a light condenser will be additionally described with reference to the above-described solar cell apparatus. That is, the above description for the solar cell apparatus may be incorporated herein by reference.
Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, a light condenser 400 may extend from an outer peripheral portion of the wavelength converter 100 to an outer peripheral portion of the solar cell 300. In detail, the light condenser 400 may have a tube shape. The light condenser 400 includes a reflective surface 410. In more detail, an inner surface of the light condenser 400 is the reflective surface 410. Further, an inner diameter R of the light condenser 400 is gradually reduced toward the solar panel 300.
Thus, the light incident from the wavelength converter 100 is reflected from the reflective surface 410 and is condensed at the same time. The condensed light is incident into the solar cell panel 300.
Therefore, light is effectively condensed onto the solar cell panel 300 and guided by the light condenser 400. Further, since the wavelength converter 100 and the solar cell panel 300 are spaced apart from each other, heat generated from the wavelength converter 100 may not be transferred to the solar cell panel 300, but be easily exhausted to the outside. Thus, the solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment can restrain the temperature rise of the solar cell.
Thus, the solar cell apparatus according to the second embodiment may have improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Any reference in this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "example embodiment," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to effects such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other ones of the embodiments.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.　 More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims.　 In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (14)

  1. A solar cell apparatus comprising:
    a wavelength converter for converting a wavelength of incident light;
    a light condenser under the wavelength converter; and
    a solar cell panel into which light condensed through the light condenser is incident.
  2. The solar cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wavelength converter includes:
    a substrate;
    wavelength conversion particles disposed in a plurality of grooves formed on the substrate; and
    a protective film for covering the plurality of grooves.
  3. The solar cell apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
    hosts disposed in the plurality of grooves.
  4. The solar cell apparatus of claim 3, wherein the hosts include a polymer.
  5. The solar cell apparatus of claim 3, wherein the wavelength conversion particles are dispersed in the hosts.
  6. The solar cell apparatus of claim 2, wherein the wavelength conversion particles include a quantum dot.
  7. The solar cell apparatus of claim 2, wherein the wavelength conversion particles include a phosphor.
  8. The solar cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light condenser includes a lens for condensing light output from the wavelength converter.
  9. The solar cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light condenser extends from an outer peripheral potion of the wavelength converter to an outer peripheral portion of the solar cell panel.
  10. The solar cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light condenser includes a Fresnel lens.
  11. The solar cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wavelength converter includes a quantum dot.
  12. The solar cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wavelength converter converts the incident light into a light having a shorter wavelength.
  13. The solar cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wavelength converter, the light condenser and the solar cell panel are sequentially arranged on a basis of an incident path of the incident light.
  14. The solar cell apparatus of claim 1, wherein a surface area of the solar cell panel is less than a surface area of the wavelength converter.
PCT/KR2012/004295 2011-05-31 2012-05-31 Solar cell apparatus WO2012165874A2 (en)

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KR1020110052484A KR101765932B1 (en) 2011-05-31 2011-05-31 Solar cell apparatus
KR10-2011-0052484 2011-05-31

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