WO2012163107A1 - 一种浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器 - Google Patents

一种浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012163107A1
WO2012163107A1 PCT/CN2012/071214 CN2012071214W WO2012163107A1 WO 2012163107 A1 WO2012163107 A1 WO 2012163107A1 CN 2012071214 W CN2012071214 W CN 2012071214W WO 2012163107 A1 WO2012163107 A1 WO 2012163107A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pulverized coal
air passage
primary air
swirling
dense phase
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PCT/CN2012/071214
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李月华
Original Assignee
上海锅炉厂有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 上海锅炉厂有限公司 filed Critical 上海锅炉厂有限公司
Priority to US13/808,119 priority Critical patent/US20130112120A1/en
Priority to EP12792844.8A priority patent/EP2597367A4/en
Publication of WO2012163107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012163107A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D1/00Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D17/00Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/007Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20Burner staging
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2201/00Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/20Fuel flow guiding devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of a coal-fired boiler of a power station, in particular to a dense phase swirling pulverized coal burner used in a coal-fired boiler. Background technique
  • the whole furnace grading combustion technology adopts the early technology to meet the burnout from the main combustion area (ie, the pulverized coal is fed into the furnace area of the furnace, It is called the main combustion zone.
  • a part of the oxygen supplied is delayed from the special tuyere on the upper part of the furnace to the furnace, so that the air chemical equivalent ratio of the main combustion zone is less than 1, that is, an oxygen-deficient combustion atmosphere is formed, and the main combustion zone and the upper tuyere are simultaneously formed.
  • a region of reducing atmosphere is formed between the (burnout zone) to allow sufficient reduction of early nitrogen oxides.
  • most of the swirl burners used are in the form of rich and light combustion and multi-channel grading air supply, which controls the mixing timing of the wind powder, forms a reducing atmosphere in the burner area, and achieves the purpose of reducing nitrogen oxides in the burner area.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a dense phase pulverized coal pulverized coal burner applied to a coal-fired boiler of a power station, which convects a dense phase pulverized coal powder through a spout to strengthen the mixing of the dense phase pulverized coal gas stream and the high temperature recirculation zone of the outlet.
  • a dense phase pulverized coal pulverized coal burner applied to a coal-fired boiler of a power station, which convects a dense phase pulverized coal powder through a spout to strengthen the mixing of the dense phase pulverized coal gas stream and the high temperature recirculation zone of the outlet.
  • a dense phase swirling pulverized coal burner comprising:
  • a primary air passage provided with the following components in sequence: an elbow section as a pulverized coal inlet, a horizontally disposed straight pipe section, and a primary air vent; a oil gun casing disposed on a central shaft in the straight pipe section , the oil gun casing is provided with a burner ignition oil gun;
  • the method further includes: a DC secondary air passage disposed around the outer wall of the nozzle of the primary air passage; and a swirling secondary air passage disposed around the outer wall of the nozzle of the direct current secondary air passage; the DC secondary air
  • the channel and the swirling secondary air passage are matched in the same large wind box.
  • An adjusting device for adjusting the air volume is disposed in the DC secondary air passage; and an adjusting device for adjusting the swirling wind strength is disposed in the swirling secondary air passage.
  • the pulverized coal averaging plate is disposed in the elbow section of the primary air passage, and is arranged along the central axis of the elbow section, and is divided into two layers of airflow passages in the elbow section; One end of the plate is located at the inlet of the elbow section, and the other end extends to the outlet of the elbow section, that is, a position where the elbow section communicates with the straight pipe section, so that the pulverized coal gas flows through the elbow section and is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. Enter the straight pipe section.
  • each of the pulverized coal concentrating rings is disposed around the outer edge of the oil gun casing
  • the expanding cone structure has an opening of the expanding cone facing the nozzle of the primary air, and after several stages of expanding the cone, the pulverized coal gas flow forms an outer concentrated light pulverized coal gas flow distribution at the nozzle of the primary air.
  • the oil gun casing of the straight pipe section is spaced apart from the pulverized coal concentrating ring of 2 ⁇ 3 grades, and the size of the pulverized coal concentrating ring of each stage is enlarged step by step.
  • the pulverized coal concentration ring of each stage has a taper angle of 10 ° ⁇ 25 . In the range.
  • a plurality of guiding blades are evenly arranged around the inner wall of the first air passage; the guiding positions of the guiding blades are matched with the path area of the dense phase pulverized coal gas flow around the nozzle, only the outer periphery The dense phase pulverized coal is disturbed, and the dense phase pulverized coal gas stream is formed into a certain swirling direction; and the light phase pulverized coal gas stream in the center of the nozzle is directly sprayed into the external furnace.
  • the nozzle of the primary air passage is provided with 10 to 20 pieces of the guide vanes around the inner wall thereof.
  • the angle between each guide vane and the axial direction of the primary air passage is 10° ⁇ 30°, and the guide vanes
  • the radial height along the primary air passage is 0.05 to 0.1 times the diameter of the primary air passage.
  • the primary air passage, the direct current secondary air passage, and the outer wall of the spout secondary air passage are respectively provided with a expanding cone structure; the plurality of expanding cone structures are respectively provided with a taper opening toward the outer furnace. To delay the mixing time of the secondary air and the primary wind.
  • the plurality of expanding cone structures have a taper angle of less than or equal to 45 °.
  • the dense phase swirling pulverized coal burner of the present invention has the advantages that: in the present invention, when the primary air enters, the pulverized coal flow equalizing plate is formed, and relatively uniform two layers are formed in the circumferential direction of the air passage; After that, due to the action of several stages of pulverized coal concentrating rings in the horizontal straight pipe section, the primary air is formed into a thick and inner light distribution form at the spout by the taper action.
  • the secondary air Since the expanding cone structure is respectively arranged on the nozzles of the primary air and the secondary air, the secondary air is delayed by the expansion cone and the mixing time with the primary air; by the reasonable control of the expansion cone angle, once in the initial stage of the fire An oxygen-deficient atmosphere is formed inside the wind to sufficiently reduce the initial nitrogen oxides.
  • the timely mixing of the secondary air can keep the nozzle water wall in the oxidizing atmosphere for a long time, effectively preventing the slagging and high temperature corrosion of the water wall in the burner area.
  • a high-temperature flue gas recirculation zone is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle; by arranging a plurality of guide vanes on the inner wall of the primary air passage, the dense phase coal powder is disturbed before being injected into the furnace, and a certain rotation is formed.
  • the high-temperature flue gas recirculation zone is sprayed into the high-temperature flue gas recirculation zone to perform intense mixed combustion for the purpose of fast ignition and enhanced combustion.
  • the light-phase pulverized coal in the center of the primary air nozzle is injected into the furnace with direct current, and the rigidity of the primary air is maintained, so that the primary air can be fully mixed and burned in the later stage.
  • the present invention has a strong adaptability to variable coal types.
  • the design of the taper angle and the number of stages of the pulverized coal concentration ring can control the degree of separation of the pulverized coal; by the radial height of the guide vanes and the design of the angle between the guide vanes and the axial direction,
  • the size of the spoiler of the dense phase coal powder is controlled;
  • the size of the high temperature recirculation zone can be controlled by the expansion cone structure of the primary air nozzle.
  • the swirling intensity of the secondary air can be adjusted by the adjusting device to meet the requirements of different coal quality ignition and stable combustion.
  • the primary air passage of the invention has simple structure and excellent anti-wear performance; the overall ignition is stable and stable, and the coal quality is good; and the utility model has the characteristics of high efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emission.
  • DRAWINGS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a dense phase swirling pulverized coal burner according to the present invention; and Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of guide vanes of the burner nozzle of the present invention. Concrete real
  • the dense phase swirling pulverized coal burner (hereinafter referred to as a burner) of the present invention comprises a primary air passage 1, a DC secondary air passage 2 disposed around the outer wall of the nozzle of the primary air passage 1, and surrounding
  • the swirling secondary air passage 3 is disposed on the outer wall of the nozzle of the direct current secondary air passage 2.
  • the DC secondary air passage 2 and the swirling secondary air passage 3 are distributed in the same large wind box.
  • the primary air passage 1 is provided with the following components that are sequentially connected: an elbow section as a pulverized coal inlet, a straight pipe section arranged horizontally, and a vent of a primary air.
  • an elbow section as a pulverized coal inlet
  • a straight pipe section arranged horizontally
  • a vent of a primary air On the central shaft in the straight pipe section of the primary air passage 1, a oil gun casing 4 is disposed; the oil gun casing 4 is provided with a burner ignition oil gun.
  • a pulverized coal averaging plate 5 is disposed, which is arranged along the central axis of the elbow section, and divides the elbow section into two inner and outer rafts which are close to and away from the center of the turn. a layer air flow passage; the pulverized coal averaging plate 5 end is located at the inlet of the elbow section, and the other end extends to the outlet of the elbow section, that is, a position where the elbow section communicates with the straight pipe section. Therefore, when the primary pulverized coal gas flow enters through the elbow section of the primary air passage 1, and the pulverized coal equalizing plate 5 re-enters the horizontal straight pipe section, a uniform and uniform flow of air is formed. It ensures that the pulverized coal is relatively uniform in the circumferential direction at the exit of the elbow section.
  • a pulverized coal concentrating ring 6 of 2 ⁇ 3 stages is arranged axially along the oil gun casing 4; each pulverized coal concentrating ring 6 It is a taper structure disposed around the outer edge of the oil gun casing 4, and the opening of the taper is directed toward the spout, and the taper angle ⁇ is 10°-25.
  • the size of the pulverized coal concentrating ring 6 of each stage is enlarged step by step.
  • the pulverized coal gas stream uniformly distributed when entering the straight pipe section passes through the expanded cone structure of the pulverized coal concentrating ring 6 of each stage, and most of the pulverized coal gas flow is due to inertia. Will remain in the straight section of the primary air passage 1 away from the periphery of the central axis; and the air flow entraining part of the fine coal powder flows in the straight pipe section closer to the center of the central axis due to inertia, and finally in the primary wind At the spout of the passage 1, a condensed pulverized coal gas flow distribution form is formed.
  • a plurality of guide vanes 7 are uniformly arranged around the inner wall thereof, and the number of blades is 10-20 pieces; each guide vane 7 and the guide vane 7
  • the axial angle of the primary air passage 1 is 10° to 30°, and the radial height along the primary air passage 1 is 0.05 to 0.1 times the diameter of the primary air passage 1.
  • the plurality of guide vanes 7 are arranged in the flow passage region of the dense phase pulverized coal in the outer periphery of the passage, and the disturbance of the dense phase airflow is increased before the injection into the furnace to form a certain swirling discharge;
  • the light phase pulverized coal gas stream is still DC and is injected into the furnace along the axis of the channel.
  • the primary air passage 1, the direct current secondary air passage 2, the swirling secondary air passage 3, and the outer wall of the nozzle facing one end of the furnace are respectively provided with a diffusing cone structure, which corresponds to the serial numbers 8, 9, 10 in FIG. It is indicated that the secondary air is delayed by the expansion of the primary air by the expansion cone.
  • a diffusing cone structure which corresponds to the serial numbers 8, 9, 10 in FIG. It is indicated that the secondary air is delayed by the expansion of the primary air by the expansion cone.
  • an oxygen-deficient atmosphere can be formed inside the primary air at the beginning of the fire, and the initial nitrogen oxides can be sufficiently reduced.
  • each of the preferred cone angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 is less than or equal to 45 °.
  • the arrangement of the expanding cone structure 8 forms a negative pressure inside, a high-temperature flue gas is taken up at the nozzle of the primary air passage 1, and an annular high-temperature flue gas recirculation zone is formed.
  • the dense phase pulverized coal gas stream located on the outer periphery of the primary air nozzle directly enters the high temperature flue gas recirculation zone after being disturbed by the guide vanes 7, and the strong mixing causes the pulverized coal gas stream to instantaneously obtain a large heat rise and burns. .
  • the adjusting devices 11 and 12 for adjusting the air volume and the swirling wind intensity are respectively arranged in the direct current secondary air passage 2 and the swirling secondary air passage 3 to control two The timing of the secondary wind mixing into the wind.
  • the timely mixing of the secondary air can make the nozzle water wall long-term in the oxidizing atmosphere, effectively preventing the slagging and high temperature corrosion of the water wall of the burner area.
  • the light-phase pulverized coal gas flow located at the center of the primary air vent is directly injected into the furnace along the axial direction of the air duct due to the absence of turbulence, maintaining the rigidity of the primary air and being able to be injected into the furnace to a certain depth.
  • the swirling secondary air is strongly mixed under the turbulence of the secondary air to ensure the late mixing and combustion of the pulverized coal gas stream, so that the burner can achieve the high-efficiency burning of the coal powder while reducing the nitrogen oxides in the early stage of anaerobic combustion.
  • the present invention has a strong adaptability to variable coal types.
  • the design of the taper angle and the number of stages of the pulverized coal concentrating ring 6 can control the degree of separation of the pulverized coal; the radial height of the guide vanes 7 and the angle of the guide vanes 7 with the axial angle
  • the design can control the size of the spoiler to the dense phase coal powder; the size of the high temperature recirculation zone can be controlled by the diffuser cone structure 8 of the primary air nozzle.
  • the swirling intensity of the secondary air can be adjusted by adjusting devices 11 and 12 to meet the requirements of different coal quality ignition and stable combustion.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, excellent anti-wear performance, strong ignition stability and good coal quality adaptability; Features high efficiency and low NOx emissions.

Abstract

一种浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器,包含一次风通道(1)、直流二次风通道(2)及最外侧的旋流二次风通道(3),其中,一次风通道(1)包含作为煤粉进口的弯头段和水平布置的直管段。在直管段内的中心轴上布置有油枪套管(4),沿油枪套管(4)的轴向间隔布置有若干级煤粉浓缩环(6),使煤粉在一次风喷口处形成外浓内淡的气流分布。该煤粉燃烧器具有着火稳燃性能强、煤种适应性强、氮氧化物排放低等特点;并且一次风道结构简单,阻力小,能够有效减缓部件磨损速度。

Description

一种浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器
技术领域
本发明涉及电站燃煤锅炉技术领域, 特别是燃煤锅炉所用的一种浓相旋 流煤粉燃烧器。 背景技术
近年来, 随着国家对燃煤电站锅炉氮氧化物排放控制的日益严格, 一种 全炉膛分级燃烧低 NOx技术配套低 NOx燃烧器技术得到了广泛应用, 其中 在墙式锅炉中形成了各种流派的低 NOx旋流燃烧器技术。
在墙式锅炉上, 为在炉内有效还原燃烧产生的氮氧化物, 全炉膛分级燃 烧技术采用把早期技术中为满足燃尽从主燃烧区域 (即煤粉送入炉膛的燃烧 器区域, 下称主燃区) 送入的氧量的一部分从炉膛上部专门的风口延迟送入 炉膛, 使主燃区的空气化学当量比小于 1, 即形成缺氧燃烧气氛, 同时在主 燃区与上部风口 (燃尽区) 之间形成还原气氛区域, 使早期氮氧化物得到充 分还原。同时应用的旋流燃烧器也大多采用浓淡燃烧和多通道分级送风形式, 控制风粉的混合时机, 形成燃烧器区域的还原性气氛, 达到燃烧器区域降低 氮氧化物的目的。
然而, 通过上述燃烧器技术的应用, 目前存在 3个方面的问题: 1、 为 使一次风通道内的煤粉气流周向均匀并有效分离为浓淡 2股, 结构往往相对 复杂, 不但加大了系统阻力, 增加了风机负载和厂用电, 同时也容易在通道 内产生磨损, 缩短了设备的使用周期, 增加了电厂的运行维护成本; 2、煤种 的适应性差, 特别是随着我国动力煤质变差, 实际使用的煤种着火稳燃性能 均达不到原设计要求, 锅炉调峰时燃烧器出口火焰常常出现不稳定现象; 3、 一次风煤粉气流与燃烧器喷口二次风气流的后期混合性能差, 锅炉未燃尽损 失增大。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种应用于电站燃煤锅炉的浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其通过喷口浓相煤粉扰流, 强化浓相煤粉气流与出口高温回流区的混合, 达 到煤粉的快速着火和稳定燃烧; 同时能够控制二次风与一次风的适时混合, 强化煤粉气流的后期混合和充分燃烧; 并且一次风道内部煤粉浓缩环的结构 简单, 阻力小, 有效延缓了磨损, 延长了设备的使用维护周期。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是提供一种浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其包含:
一次风通道, 其设置有依次连通的以下部件: 作为煤粉进口的弯头段, 水平布置的直管段, 以及一次风的喷口; 在所述直管段内的中心轴上布置有 油枪套管, 该油枪套管内设燃烧器点火油枪;
还包含: 直流二次风通道, 其环绕所述一次风通道的喷口外壁设置; 以 及, 旋流二次风通道, 其环绕所述直流二次风通道的喷口外壁设置; 所述直 流二次风通道与旋流二次风通道在同一大风箱内配风。 所述直流二次风通道 内设置有进行风量调节的调节装置; 所述旋流二次风通道内设置有进行旋流 风强度调节的调节装置。
其中, 所述一次风通道的弯头段内设置有煤粉均流板, 其沿该弯头段的 中心轴布置, 并在该弯头段内分成两层气流通道; 所述煤粉均流板一端位于 所述弯头段的进口, 另一端延伸至所述弯头段的出口, 即弯头段与直管段连 通的位置, 使煤粉气流通过该弯头段后在周向均匀分布并进入所述直管段。
所述一次风通道直管段内, 沿所述油枪套管的轴向间隔布置有若干级的 煤粉浓缩环; 每一级所述煤粉浓缩环是环绕所述油枪套管外缘设置的扩锥结 构, 其扩锥的开口朝向所述一次风的喷口, 经过若干级扩锥后使煤粉气流在 所述一次风的喷口处形成外浓内淡的煤粉气流分布。
优选地, 所述直管段的油枪套管上间隔设置有 2~3级煤粉浓缩环, 各级 所述煤粉浓缩环的尺寸逐级放大。 每一级所述煤粉浓缩环的扩锥角在 10° ~25。 的范围内。
所述一次风通道的喷口处, 环绕其内壁周向均匀布置有若干导向叶片; 该些导向叶片的设置位置与所述喷口外围的浓相煤粉气流的路径区域相匹 配, 仅对所述外围的浓相煤粉进行扰动, 而使浓相煤粉气流形成一定的旋向 喷出; 而所述喷口中心恻的淡相煤粉气流直接喷入外部炉膛。
优选地, 所述一次风通道的喷口处环绕其内壁设置有 10~20片的所述导 向叶片。 每个导向叶片与一次风通道轴向的夹角为 10° ~30° , 且导向叶片 沿一次风通道的径向高度为该一次风通道直径的 0.05~0.1倍。
所述一次风通道、 直流二次风通道、 旋流二次风通道的喷口外壁, 分别 设置有扩流锥结构; 所述若干扩流锥结构, 分别朝外部炉膛的方向设置其扩 锥开口, 以延迟二次风与一次风的混合时间。
优选地, 所述若干扩流锥结构的扩锥角均小于或等于 45 ° 。
与现有技术相比, 本发明所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其优点在于: 本发 明中一次风进入时通过煤粉均流板,在风道周向形成相对均匀的两层;之后, 由于水平直管段中若干级煤粉浓缩环的作用, 使一次风通过扩锥作用在喷口 处形成外浓内淡的气流分布形式。
由于在一次风和二次风的喷口上分别设置了扩流锥结构, 使二次风在扩 锥的作用下延迟了与一次风的混合时间; 通过扩锥角度的合理控制, 在着火 初期一次风内部形成缺氧气氛, 使初期的氮氧化物得到充分还原。 一、 二次 风的适时混合, 能够使喷口水冷壁长期处于氧化气氛中, 有效防止燃烧器区 域水冷壁的结渣和高温腐蚀发生。
同时由于一次风喷口的扩锥作用, 在喷口外周形成高温烟气回流区; 通 过在一次风通道喷口内壁布置若干导向叶片, 使浓相煤粉在喷入炉膛前得到 扰动, 并形成一定的旋向喷入所述高温烟气回流区, 从而进行强烈地混合燃 烧, 达到快速点火和强化稳燃的目的。
另外, 一次风喷口中心恻的淡相煤粉以直流射入炉膛, 保持了一次风的 刚性, 使一、 二次风在后期能够充分地混合和燃尽。
因此, 本发明具有较强的变煤种适应能力。 针对不同的煤种, 通过煤粉 浓缩环的扩锥角度和级数布置的设计, 能够控制煤粉的浓淡分离程度; 通过 导向叶片的径向高度及导向叶片与轴向交角大小的设计, 能够控制对浓相煤 粉的扰流大小;通过一次风喷口的扩流锥结构,能够控制高温回流区的大小。 并可针对运行时煤质的变化, 通过调节装置调节二次风的旋流强度, 以适应 不同煤质着火和稳燃的要求。
本发明的一次风通道结构简单, 防磨性能优良; 整体着火稳燃性强, 煤 质适应性好; 同时具有高效和低氮氧化物排放的特点。 附图说明 图 1是本发明所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器的总体结构剖视图; 图 2是本发明中所述燃烧器喷口的导向叶片布置结构的示意图。 具体实 式
以下结合附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图 1所示, 本发明所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器(以下简称燃烧器), 包含 一次风通道 1,环绕一次风通道 1的喷口外壁设置的直流二次风通道 2, 以及 环绕所述直流二次风通道 2的喷口外壁设置的旋流二次风通道 3。 所述直流 二次风通道 2与旋流二次风通道 3在同一大风箱内配风。
其中, 所述一次风通道 1设置有依次连通的以下部件: 作为煤粉进口的 弯头段, 水平布置的直管段, 以及一次风的喷口。 在一次风通道 1的直管段 内的中心轴上, 布置有油枪套管 4; 该油枪套管 4内设燃烧器点火油枪。
在一次风通道 1的弯头段内设置有煤粉均流板 5, 其沿该弯头段的中心 轴布置, 并将该弯头段内分成靠近和远离转弯圆心的内恻及外恻两层气流通 道; 该煤粉均流板 5—端位于所述弯头段的进口, 另一端延伸至所述弯头段 的出口, 即弯头段与直管段连通的位置。 因此, 当一次风煤粉气流通过所述 一次风通道 1的弯头段进入, 经由所述煤粉均流板 5再进入所述水平的直管 段时, 形成了上下两层均匀分布的气流, 保证了煤粉在弯头段的出口处周向 相对均匀。
进一步地, 在所述一次风通道 1的水平直管段内, 沿所述油枪套管 4轴 向间隔布置有 2~3级的煤粉浓缩环 6; 每一级所述煤粉浓缩环 6是环绕所述 油枪套管 4外缘设置的扩锥结构, 其扩锥的开口朝向所述喷口, 扩锥角 α在 10° ~25。 的范围内; 各级所述煤粉浓缩环 6 的尺寸逐级放大。 经上述煤粉 均流板 5作用而在进入直管段时均匀分布的煤粉气流, 在依次通过每一级所 述煤粉浓缩环 6的扩锥结构后, 由于惯性作用, 大部分煤粉气流会保持在该 一次风通道 1直管段内远离中心轴的外围流动; 而夹带部分细煤粉的空气流 则由于惯性小在直管段内更靠近中心轴的中心恻流动, 最后在所述一次风通 道 1的喷口处形成外浓内淡的煤粉气流分布形式。
配合参见图 1、 图 2所示, 所述一次风通道 1的喷口处, 环绕其内壁周 向均匀布置有若干导向叶片 7, 叶片数量为 10~20片; 每个导向叶片 7与该 一次风通道 1轴向的夹角为 10° ~30° , 且沿一次风通道 1的径向高度为该 一次风通道 1直径的 0.05~0.1倍。 即是说, 所述若干导向叶片 7布置于上述 通道外周浓相煤粉的流经区域, 在喷入炉膛之前增加了浓相气流的扰动, 使 之形成一定的旋向喷出; 而中心恻的淡相煤粉气流, 则仍然为直流并沿通道 的轴线喷入炉膛内。
所述一次风通道 1、直流二次风通道 2、旋流二次风通道 3上, 面向炉膛 一端的喷口外壁, 分别设置有扩流锥结构, 在图 1 中对应以序号 8、 9、 10 表示, 从而使二次风在扩锥作用下延迟与一次风的混合时间。 通过控制合理 的扩锥角度, 在着火初期能够在一次风内部形成缺氧气氛, 使初期的氮氧化 物得到充分还原。 对应扩流锥结构 8、 9、 10, 其各自优选的扩锥角 β1、 β2、 β3均小于或等于 45 ° 。
另外, 由于扩流锥结构 8的设置在内部形成负压, 从而会在一次风通道 1 的喷口卷吸高温烟气, 形成环形的高温烟气回流区。 这样, 位于一次风喷 口外周的浓相煤粉气流在经过导向叶片 7的扰流后直接射入所述高温烟气回 流区, 强烈的混合会使煤粉气流瞬间得到巨大的热量升温并着火燃烧。
同时, 根据扩流锥结构 8和 9的布置, 并由直流二次风通道 2及旋流二 次风通道 3内分别设置用于调节风量和旋流风强度的调节装置 11和 12, 来 控制二次风混入一次风的时机。 一、 二次风的适时混合, 能够使喷口水冷壁 长期处于氧化气氛中, 有效防止燃烧器区域水冷壁的结渣和高温腐蚀发生。
并且, 位于一次风喷口中心恻的淡相煤粉气流, 由于没有扰流作用而沿 风道的轴向直接喷入炉内, 保持了一次风的刚性并能射入炉内一定深度, 后 期在旋流二次风的扰流下强烈混合, 保证了煤粉气流后期混合和燃烧, 使燃 烧器在前期缺氧燃烧还原氮氧化物的同时达到煤粉高效燃尽的目的。
因此, 本发明具有较强的变煤种适应能力。 针对不同的煤种, 通过煤粉 浓缩环 6的扩锥角度和级数布置的设计, 能够控制煤粉的浓淡分离程度; 通 过导向叶片 7的径向高度及导向叶片 7与轴向交角大小的设计, 能够控制对 浓相煤粉的扰流大小; 通过一次风喷口的扩流锥结构 8, 能够控制高温回流 区的大小。并可针对运行时煤质的变化, 通过调节装置 11、 12调节二次风的 旋流强度, 以适应不同煤质着火和稳燃的要求。
本发明结构简单, 防磨性能优良; 着火稳燃性强, 煤质适应性好; 同时 具有高效和低氮氧化物排放的特点。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍, 但应当认识 到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。 在本领域技术人员阅读了上述 内容后, 对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。 因此, 本发明的 保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。

Claims

权利要求:
1. 一种浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于, 包含:
一次风通道(1 ), 其设置有依次连通的以下部件: 作为煤粉进口的弯 头段, 水平布置的直管段, 以及一次风的喷口; 在所述直管段内的中心轴 上布置有油枪套管 (4), 该油枪套管 (4) 内设燃烧器点火油枪;
还包含: 直流二次风通道 (2), 其环绕所述一次风通道 (1 ) 的喷口 外壁设置; 以及, 旋流二次风通道(3), 其环绕所述直流二次风通道(2) 的喷口外壁设置; 所述直流二次风通道(2)与旋流二次风通道(3 )在同 一大风箱内配风;
其中, 所述一次风通道(1 )直管段内, 沿所述油枪套管(4) 的轴向 间隔布置有若干级的煤粉浓缩环 (6); 每一级所述煤粉浓缩环 (6) 是环 绕所述油枪套管 (4) 外缘设置的扩锥结构, 其扩锥的开口朝向所述一次 风的喷口,使煤粉气流经过若干级扩锥后在所述一次风的喷口处形成外浓 内淡的煤粉气流分布。
2. 如权利要求 1所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于,
所述一次风通道 (1 ) 的弯头段内设置有煤粉均流板 (5), 其沿该弯 头段的中心轴布置, 并在该弯头段内分成两层气流通道;
所述煤粉均流板 (5) —端位于所述弯头段的进口, 另一端延伸至所 述弯头段的出口, 即弯头段与直管段连通的位置,使煤粉气流通过该弯头 段后在周向均匀分布并进入所述直管段。
3. 如权利要求 1所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于,
所述一次风通道 (1 ) 的喷口处, 环绕其内壁周向均匀布置有若干导 向叶片 (7); 该些导向叶片 (7) 的位置与所述喷口外围的浓相煤粉气流 的路径区域相匹配,使浓相煤粉气流形成扰流并以一定旋向喷出;而所述 喷口中心恻的淡相煤粉气流直接喷入外部炉膛。
4. 如权利要求 1所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于,
所述一次风通道 (1 )、 直流二次风通道 (2)、 旋流二次风通道 (3 ) 的喷口外壁, 分别设置有扩流锥结构 (8、 9、 10);
所述若干扩流锥结构 (8、 9、 10), 分别朝外部炉膛的方向设置其扩 锥开口, 以延迟二次风与一次风的混合时间。
5. 如权利要求 1所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于,
所述直管段的油枪套管 (4) 上间隔设置有 2~3级煤粉浓缩环 (6), 各级所述煤粉浓缩环 (6) 的尺寸逐级放大。
6. 如权利要求 5所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于,
每一级所述煤粉浓缩环 (6) 的扩锥角 (α) 在 10° ~25 ° 的范围内。
7. 如权利要求 3所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于,
所述一次风通道 (1 ) 的喷口处环绕其内壁设置有 10~20片的所述导 向叶片 (7)。
8. 如权利要求 7所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于,
每个导向叶片 (7)与一次风通道(1 )轴向的夹角为 10° ~30° , 且 导向叶片 (7) 沿一次风通道 (1 ) 的径向高度为该一次风通道 (1 ) 直径 的 0.05~0.1倍。
9. 如权利要求 4所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于,
所述若干扩流锥结构 (8、 9、 10) 的扩锥角 (β1、 β2、 β3 ) 均小于 或等于 45° 。
10.如权利要求 1所述浓相旋流煤粉燃烧器, 其特征在于,
所述直流二次风通道 (2) 内设置有进行风量调节的调节装置 (11 ); 所述旋流二次风通道 (3) 内设置有进行旋流风强度调节的调节装置 ( 12)。
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CN106895408A (zh) * 2017-03-22 2017-06-27 黄玉河 多燃料低NOx燃烧器
CN106895408B (zh) * 2017-03-22 2023-12-22 黄玉河 多燃料低NOx燃烧器
CN107218602A (zh) * 2017-07-19 2017-09-29 上海华之邦科技股份有限公司 一种低热值/低压力燃气燃烧器
CN108105765A (zh) * 2017-12-11 2018-06-01 上海电力学院 一种用于锅炉中的低NOx稳燃燃烧器
CN108662585A (zh) * 2018-07-06 2018-10-16 西安交通大学 一种低负荷稳燃的超低nox燃烧系统及其燃烧器
CN109708106A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2019-05-03 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种直流煤粉燃烧器
CN109708106B (zh) * 2018-12-19 2023-10-24 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种直流煤粉燃烧器
CN109764334A (zh) * 2019-01-24 2019-05-17 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 低Nox焦炉煤气燃烧器
CN110319436A (zh) * 2019-06-15 2019-10-11 沈阳环境科学研究院 一种紧凑型浓淡分级旋流煤粉燃烧器
CN111271708A (zh) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-12 华侨大学 一种低氮燃烧器

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