WO2021169326A1 - 一种适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器 - Google Patents

一种适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器 Download PDF

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WO2021169326A1
WO2021169326A1 PCT/CN2020/121827 CN2020121827W WO2021169326A1 WO 2021169326 A1 WO2021169326 A1 WO 2021169326A1 CN 2020121827 W CN2020121827 W CN 2020121827W WO 2021169326 A1 WO2021169326 A1 WO 2021169326A1
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main fuel
fuel
low
cylinder
central
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PCT/CN2020/121827
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English (en)
French (fr)
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姬海民
徐党旗
周飞
申冀康
李文锋
徐梦茜
薛宁
董方奇
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西安热工研究院有限公司
西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2021169326A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021169326A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-low-nitrogen clean combustion, and relates to a low-nitrogen gas burner suitable for medium and low heating value fuels.
  • Gas fuel has the characteristics of high combustion efficiency and low pollution emissions, so gas fuel as a clean energy is widely used in industrial furnaces (kilns) and boilers in the power, chemical, metallurgical, and building materials industries.
  • gas burners As its key equipment, gas burners have made continuous progress in research. But the research on it is mainly focused on improving the performance of the burner. The attention paid to pollutant control is far from enough.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a low-nitrogen gas burner suitable for medium and low calorific value fuels, which has the characteristics of high combustion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the low-nitrogen gas burner suitable for medium and low calorific value fuels of the present invention includes a central fuel cylinder, a swirling air cylinder, a main fuel outer cylinder and a combustor casing that are sequentially distributed from the inside to the outside.
  • a central fuel passage is formed in the central fuel tube, an annular inner swirling wind area is formed between the central fuel tube and the swirling wind tube, an annular main fuel gas collecting ring is formed between the swirling wind tube and the main fuel outer tube, and the main fuel outer tube is connected to A ring-shaped outer direct current area is formed between the combustor casings, one end of the central fuel cylinder is provided with a central fuel inlet, and the other end of the central fuel cylinder is provided with a number of central fuel gun nozzles;
  • a swirl disc is arranged at the outlet of the inner swirling wind area, one end of the main fuel gas collecting ring is provided with a main fuel inlet, and the other end of the main fuel gas collecting ring is provided with several main fuel nozzles;
  • the side of the combustor case is provided with a combustion air inlet, wherein the outlet of the medium and low calorific value gas fuel pipe is connected with the central fuel inlet and the main fuel inlet, and the combustion air duct is connected with the swirl plate and the outer direct-flow area.
  • a first adjusting device is arranged between the combustion-supporting air duct and the swirl disk.
  • a second adjusting device is arranged between the combustion-supporting air duct and the external direct-flow wind area.
  • the nozzles of the central fuel guns are respectively arranged on the end surface and the side surface of the central fuel cylinder, wherein the nozzles of the central fuel guns arranged on the end surface of the central fuel barrel are of oval structure, and the nozzles of the central fuel guns arranged on the side of the central fuel barrel It is a rectangular spout.
  • the number of main fuel nozzles is two.
  • the size of the first main fuel nozzle is smaller than the size of the second main fuel nozzle, and the two main fuel nozzles are of rectangular structure.
  • the distance between the axis of the fuel gas collecting ring is smaller than the distance between the first main fuel nozzle and the axis of the main fuel collecting ring.
  • the size of the first main fuel port is 1/2 of the size of the second main fuel port.
  • the combustion-supporting air is sprayed out in two stages through the swirling wind tube and the burner box shell, and the medium and low heating value gas fuel passes through the central fuel tube and the main
  • the fuel outer cylinder is divided into two stages to mix with the combustion-supporting gas, so that the low- and medium-calorific value gas fuel and the combustion-supporting air are evenly mixed to control the generation of NOx.
  • the low- and medium-heat value gas fuel is arranged between the central fuel channel and the swirling wind and the direct-flow wind.
  • the nozzles of each central fuel gun are arranged radially and axially to realize the diffusion and mixed combustion of the central fuel to enhance the combustion stabilization ability, so that the burner has the characteristics of high combustion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emission, simple structure and low cost.
  • the number of main fuel nozzles is two. Among them, the fuel sprayed from one main fuel nozzle is mixed and burned with the swirling wind, and the fuel sprayed from the other main fuel nozzle is mixed and burned with the direct current wind of the outer ring to achieve fuel classification to improve Combustion efficiency reduces nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the center fuel gun nozzle 1 in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main fuel nozzle 3 in the present invention.
  • 1 is the central fuel gun nozzle
  • 2 is the swirl disk
  • 3 is the main fuel nozzle
  • 4 is the external direct-flow area
  • 5 is the main fuel inlet
  • 6 is the central fuel inlet
  • 7 is the second regulating device
  • 8 is the second regulating device.
  • An adjusting device, 9 is the central fuel cylinder
  • 10 is the main fuel outer cylinder
  • 11 is the swirling air cylinder
  • 12 is the combustor casing
  • 13 is the combustion-supporting air duct.
  • the low-nitrogen gas burner suitable for medium and low heating value fuels of the present invention includes a central fuel tube 9, a swirling air tube 11, and a main fuel which are sequentially distributed from the inside to the outside.
  • a ring-shaped main fuel gas collecting ring is formed between 10
  • a ring-shaped outer direct current area 4 is formed between the main fuel outer cylinder 10 and the combustor casing 12
  • a central fuel inlet 6 is provided at one end of the central fuel cylinder 9 and the central fuel cylinder
  • the other end of 9 is provided with a number of central fuel gun nozzles 1; the outlet of the inner swirling wind area is provided with a swirl disc 2, one end of the main fuel gas collecting ring is provided with a main fuel
  • a first adjusting device 8 is arranged between the combustion-supporting air duct 13 and the swirl plate 2, and a second adjusting device 7 is arranged between the combustion-supporting air duct 13 and the external direct-flow air area 4.
  • the central fuel gun nozzles 1 are respectively arranged on the end surface and side surface of the central fuel cylinder 9, wherein the central fuel gun nozzles 1 provided on the end surface of the central fuel cylinder 9 have an elliptical structure and are arranged on the side of the central fuel cylinder 9
  • Each center fuel gun nozzle 1 is a rectangular nozzle.
  • the number of main fuel nozzles 3 is two, among which, the size of the first main fuel nozzle 3 is smaller than the size of the second main fuel nozzle 3, and the two main fuel nozzles 3 are of rectangular structure.
  • the distance between the fuel nozzle 3 and the axis of the main fuel gas collecting ring is smaller than the distance between the first main fuel nozzle 3 and the axis of the main fuel collecting ring, and the size of the first main fuel nozzle 3 is the size of the second main fuel nozzle 3 1/2 of the size.
  • the axial position of swirl disc 2 and the angle of swirl blades are adjustable.
  • the axial position is 50-200mm away from the outer edge of the burner throat.
  • the adjustment range of swirl blade angle is 15°-90°.
  • the fuel is divided into two stages, and the combustion air is divided. Both levels can be quantitatively adjusted.
  • the super-mixed state is achieved through the classification of low and medium calorific value gas fuels and combustion air to achieve the goal of reducing nitrogen oxides to the greatest extent.
  • high load regulation, furnace and fuel adaptability are achieved by adjusting the amount of gas fuel and air volume at all levels.
  • the present invention provides an economical technical route for the out-of-sales of medium and low-calorific value gas boilers. With burners, the nitrogen oxide emissions of low-calorific value gas boilers can be reduced to 30 mg/m 3 (standard state, 3.5% O). 2 )
  • medium-heat value gas fuel gas boilers cooperate with flue gas recirculation technology to control nitrogen oxides below 30mg/m 3 to meet the latest environmental protection standards.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

一种适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器，包括由内到外依次分布的中心燃料筒（9）、旋流风筒（11）、主燃料外筒(10)及燃烧器箱壳(12)；内旋流风区域的出口处布置有旋流盘（2），旋流风筒（11）与主燃料外筒（10）之间形成环形的主燃料集气环，主燃料外筒（10）与燃烧器箱壳（12）之间形成环形的外直流风区域（4），主燃料集气环的一端设置有主燃料入口（6），主燃料集气环的另一端设置有若干主燃料喷口（1）；燃烧器箱壳（12）的侧面设有助燃空气入口，其中，中低热值气体燃料管道的出口与中心燃料入口（6）及主燃料入口（5）相连通，助燃风道（13）与旋流盘（2）和外直流风区域（4）相连通，该燃烧器具有高燃烧效率及低氮氧化物排放的特点。

Description

一种适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器 技术领域
本发明属于超低氮清洁燃烧技术领域，涉及一种适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器。
背景技术
近年来，能源的需求量和价格都不断攀升，而能源供给却相对紧张，能源缺口问题日趋显著，同时全球环境问题不断凸显，譬如气候变暖、酸雨和光化学烟雾问题，使得环境问题日益受到社会关注，目前，世界能源供给主要依赖于化石能源，燃烧是其能源转换的主要方式，它将燃料的化学能转换为热能，通过燃烧矿物燃料所获得的能量占世界总能量消耗的90％以上，节能减排任务艰巨。
气体燃料具有较高的燃烧效率和低污染排放等特点，所以气体燃料作为清洁能源广泛应用于电力、化工、冶金、建材等行业的工业炉(窑)及锅炉中。而作为其关键设备的气体燃烧器，研究不断取得进展。但对它的研究主要集中在对燃烧器的性能改进方面。而对污染物控制方面关注的还远远不够。
自从2015年4月1日出台标准，所有燃气锅炉(包括中低热值燃气锅炉)的NOx排放质量浓度控制标准降为30mg/m 3(标态，3.5％O 2)。单靠传统的中低热值气体燃烧器已经不能满足排放要求。因此急需开发出中低热值低NOx气体燃烧器以满足最新的环保标准。
目前，中低热值低氮气体燃烧器的研究甚少，随着环保标准的日趋 严格，燃气锅炉节能环保改造迫在眉睫，因此，急需要一种高燃烧效率、低氮氧化物排放的中低热值气体燃烧器。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器，该燃烧器具有高燃烧效率及低氮氧化物排放的特点。
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器包括由内到外依次分布的中心燃料筒、旋流风筒、主燃料外筒及燃烧器箱壳，其中，中心燃料筒内形成中心燃料通道，中心燃料筒与旋流风筒之间形成环形的内旋流风区域，旋流风筒与主燃料外筒之间形成环形的主燃料集气环，主燃料外筒与燃烧器箱壳之间形成环形的外直流风区域，中心燃料筒的一端设置有中心燃料入口，中心燃料筒的另一端设置有若干中心燃料枪喷口；
内旋流风区域的出口处布置有旋流盘，主燃料集气环的一端设置有主燃料入口，主燃料集气环的另一端设置有若干主燃料喷口；
燃烧器箱壳的侧面设有助燃空气入口，其中，中低热值气体燃料管道的出口与中心燃料入口及主燃料入口相连通，助燃风道与旋流盘和外直流风区域相连通。
助燃风道与旋流盘之间布置有第一调节装置。
助燃风道与外直流风区域之间布置有第二调节装置。
各中心燃料枪喷口分别设置于中心燃料筒的端面及侧面上，其中，设置于中心燃料筒端面上的各中心燃料枪喷口为椭圆型结构，设置于中 心燃料筒侧面上的各中心燃料枪喷口为矩形喷口。
主燃料喷口的数目为两个，其中，第一个主燃料喷口的尺寸小于第二个主燃料喷口的尺寸，且两个主燃料喷口均为矩形结构，其中，第二个主燃料喷口与主燃料集气环轴线之间的距离小于第一个主燃料喷口与主燃料集气环轴线之间的距离。
第一个主燃料喷口的尺寸为第二个主燃料喷口的尺寸的1/2。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明所述的适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器在具体操作时，助燃空气经旋流风筒及燃烧器箱壳分二级喷出，中低热值气体燃料经中心燃料筒及主燃料外筒分二级与助燃气体混合，从而使中低热值气体燃料与助燃空气实现均匀混合，以控制NOx的生成，同时中低热值气体燃料布置在中心燃料通道与旋流风和直流风之间，各中心燃料枪喷口沿径向及轴向设置，实现中心燃料扩散混合燃烧，以增强稳燃能力，使得该燃烧器具有高燃烧效率及低氮氧化物排放的特点，结构简单，成本低。
进一步，主燃料喷口的数目为两个，其中，一个主燃料喷口喷出的燃料与旋流风混合燃烧，另一个主燃料喷口喷出的燃料与外圈直流风混合燃烧，实现燃料分级，以提高燃烧效率，降低氮氧化物的排放。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的侧视图；
图3为本发明中中心燃料枪喷口1的结构示意图；
图4为本发明中主燃料喷口3的结构示意图。
其中，1为中心燃料枪喷口、2为旋流盘、3为主燃料喷口、4为外直流风区域、5为主燃料入口、6为中心燃料入口、7为第二调节装置、8为第一调节装置、9为中心燃料筒、10为主燃料外筒、11为旋流风筒、12为燃烧器箱壳、13为助燃风道。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：
参考图1、图2、图3及图4，本发明所述的适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器包括由内到外依次分布的中心燃料筒9、旋流风筒11、主燃料外筒10及燃烧器箱壳12，其中，中心燃料筒9内形成中心燃料通道，中心燃料筒9与旋流风筒11之间形成环形的内旋流风区域，旋流风筒11与主燃料外筒10之间形成环形的主燃料集气环，主燃料外筒10与燃烧器箱壳12之间形成环形的外直流风区域4，中心燃料筒9的一端设置有中心燃料入口6，中心燃料筒9的另一端设置有若干中心燃料枪喷口1；内旋流风区域的出口处布置有旋流盘2，主燃料集气环的一端设置有主燃料入口5，主燃料集气环的另一端设置有若干主燃料喷口3；燃烧器箱壳12的侧面设有助燃空气入口，其中，中低热值气体燃料管道的出口与中心燃料入口6及主燃料入口5相连通，助燃风道13与旋流盘2和外直流风区域4相连通。
助燃风道13与旋流盘2之间布置有第一调节装置8，助燃风道13与外直流风区域4之间布置有第二调节装置7。
各中心燃料枪喷口1分别设置于中心燃料筒9的端面及侧面上，其 中，设置于中心燃料筒9端面上的各中心燃料枪喷口1为椭圆型结构，设置于中心燃料筒9侧面上的各中心燃料枪喷口1为矩形喷口。
主燃料喷口3的数目为两个，其中，第一个主燃料喷口3的尺寸小于第二个主燃料喷口3的尺寸，且两个主燃料喷口3均为矩形结构，其中，第二个主燃料喷口3与主燃料集气环轴线之间的距离小于第一个主燃料喷口3与主燃料集气环轴线之间的距离，第一个主燃料喷口3的尺寸为第二个主燃料喷口3的尺寸的1/2。
旋流盘2轴向位置、旋流叶片角度均可调，轴向位置距离燃烧器喉口外边沿50-200mm，旋流叶片角度调节范围为15°-90°，燃料分两级，助燃空气分两级，均可进行定量调节。
通过中低热值气体燃料与助燃空气分级达到超混合状态，以达到最大程度降低氮氧化物的目的，同时通过调节各级气体燃料量、风量来达到高的负荷调节性、炉膛及燃料适应性，在具体实施时，本发明为中低热值燃气锅炉脱销提供了一种经济改造技术路线，依靠燃烧器就能够将低热值燃气锅炉氮氧化物排放降低到30mg/m 3(标态，3.5％O 2)以下，中等热值气体燃料燃气锅炉配合烟气再循环技术，将氮氧化物控制在30mg/m 3以下，满足最新的环保标准要求。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器，其特征在于，包括由内到外依次分布的中心燃料筒(9)、旋流风筒(11)、主燃料外筒(10)及燃烧器箱壳(12)，其中，中心燃料筒(9)内形成中心燃料通道，中心燃料筒(9)与旋流风筒(11)之间形成环形的内旋流风区域，旋流风筒(11)与主燃料外筒(10)之间形成环形的主燃料集气环，主燃料外筒(10)与燃烧器箱壳(12)之间形成环形的外直流风区域(4)，中心燃料筒(9)的一端设置有中心燃料入口(6)，中心燃料筒(9)的另一端设置有若干中心燃料枪喷口(1)；
    内旋流风区域的出口处布置有旋流盘(2)，主燃料集气环的一端设置有主燃料入口(5)，主燃料集气环的另一端设置有若干主燃料喷口(3)；
    燃烧器箱壳(12)的侧面设有助燃空气入口，其中，中低热值气体燃料管道的出口与中心燃料入口(6)及主燃料入口(5)相连通，助燃风道(13)与旋流盘(2)和外直流风区域(4)相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器，其特征在于，助燃风道(13)与旋流盘(2)之间布置有第一调节装置(8)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器，其特征在于，助燃风道(13)与外直流风区域(4)之间布置有第二调节装置(7)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器，其特征在于，各中心燃料枪喷口(1)分别设置于中心燃料筒(9)的端面及侧面上，其中，设置于中心燃料筒(9)端面上的各中心燃料枪喷口(1)为椭圆型结构，设置于中心燃料筒(9)侧面上的各中心燃料枪喷口(1)为矩形喷口。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器，其特征在于，主燃料喷口(3)的数目为两个，其中，第一个主燃料喷口(3)的尺寸小于第二个主燃料喷口(3)的尺寸，且两个主燃料喷口(3)均为矩形结构，其中，第二个主燃料喷口(3)与主燃料集气环轴线之间的距离小于第一个主燃料喷口(3)与主燃料集气环轴线之间的距离。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器，其特征在于，第一个主燃料喷口(3)的尺寸为第二个主燃料喷口(3)的尺寸的1/2。
PCT/CN2020/121827 2020-02-27 2020-10-19 一种适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器 WO2021169326A1 (zh)

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CN111237759A (zh) * 2020-02-27 2020-06-05 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 一种适用于中低热值燃料的低氮气体燃烧器
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